D, d / di:; di/ n (pl D's, d's / di:z; diz/) 1 the fourth letter of the English alphabet Ó¢Óï×Öĸ±íµÄµÚËĸö×Öĸ: `David' begins and ends with a `D'/D. DavidÒ»×ֵĿªÍ·ºÍ½áβ¶¼ÊÇD. 2 D (music Òô) the second note in the scale of C major C´óµ÷Òô½×ÖеĵڶþÒô»òÒô·û. 3 D academic mark indicating a low standard of work ѧҵ³É¼¨ÎªµÍµÈµÄÆÀ¼Û·ûºÅ. D abbr Ëõд = (US politics Õþ) Democrat; Democratic. Cf ²Î¿´ R 3. D (also d) symb ·ûºÅ Roman numeral for 500 ÂÞÂíÊý×ÖµÄ500. Cf ²Î¿´ D-day. d abbr Ëõд = 1 (in former British currency Ó¢¹ú¾É±Ò) penny; pennies or pence (Latin denarius; denarii) ±ãÊ¿£¨Ô´×ÔÀ­¶¡ÎÄdenarius; denarii£©: a 2d stamp Ò»ÕÅ2±ãÊ¿µÄÓÊƱ * 6d each ÿ¸ö6±ãÊ¿. Cf ²Î¿´ p 2. 2 died: Emily Jane Clifton d 1865 °£Ã×Àò¡¤¼ò¡¤¿ËÀû·ò¶Ù, 1865Äê×ä. Cf ²Î¿´ b. -d => -ed. Litt D / 9lIt 5di:; 9lIt `di/ abbr Ëõд = D Litt. LL B, LL D, LL M abbrs Ëõд = Bachelor, Doctor, Master of Laws ·¨Ñ§Ñ§Ê¿¡¢ ²©Ê¿¡¢ ˶ʿ: have/be an LL B Óз¨Ñ§Ñ§Ê¿Ñ§Î»[Ϊ·¨Ñ§Ñ§Ê¿] * David Grafton LL B ´÷ά¡¤¸ñÀ­·ò¶Ù·¨Ñ§Ñ§Ê¿. R and D / 9B:r En 5di:; 9Br En `di/ abbr Ëõд = (commerce ÉÌ) research and development Ñо¿Ó뿪·¢. charge d'affaires / 9FB:VeI dA5feE(r); FBr`Ve dA`fZr/ n (pl charges d'affaires / 9FB:VeI d5feE(r); FBr`Ve dA`fZr/) 1 diplomat who takes the place of an ambassador or a minister when the ambassador or minister is absent ´úÀí´óʹ£¨´óʹ»ò¹«Ê¹²»ÔÚʱ´úÌæ´óʹ»ò¹«Ê¹µÄÍâ½»¹Ù£©. 2 diplomat below the rank of ambassador or minister who heads a diplomatic mission in a minor country ´ú°ì£¨µÍ춴óʹ»ò¹«Ê¹µÄÍâ½»¹Ù, ÂÊÁì³öʹС¹úµÄʹÍÅ£©. objet d'art / 9CbVeI 5dB:; 9Rb9Ve`dBr/ n (pl objets d'art / 9CbVeI 5dB:; 9Rb9Ve`dBr/) (French ·¨) small decorative or artistic object СÊÎÎï; СÒÕÊõÆ·: a house full of antique furniture and objets d'art °ÚÂú¹ÅÀϼҾߺÍСÒÕÊõÆ·µÄ·¿×Ó. raison d'etre / 9reIzCn 5detrE; `rezRn`dZt/ n [sing] (French ·¨) reason for or justification of sb's/sth's existence £¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©´æÔÚµÄÔ­Òò»òÀíÓÉ: Work seems to be her raison d'etre. ¹¤×÷Ëƺõ¾ÍÊÇËýÉú»îµÄÄ¿µÄ. table d'hote / 9tAB:bl 5dEUt; `tAbl`dot/ (of a restaurant meal) consisting of a limited range of dishes served at a fixed inclusive price £¨Ö¸²Í¹ÝÒûʳ£©¶¨²Í, ·Ý·¹: The table d'hote menu offers good value. ¶¨²Í²Ëµ¥ÉÏÁгöµÄ¶¼ºÜʵ»Ý. Cf ²Î¿´ a la carte. D-day / 5di: deI; `di9de/ n 1 day (6 June 1944) on which the Allied forces landed in N France during the Second World War µÚ¶þ´ÎÊÀ½ç´óÕ½Ã˾üÔÚ·¨¹ú±±²¿µÄµÇ½ÈÕ£¨1944Äê6ÔÂ6ÈÕ£©. 2 date on which something important is due to happen ÖØ´óʼþ½«Òª·¢ÉúµÄÈÕÆÚ: As D-day approached we still weren't ready to move house. ÈÕ×Ó¿ìµ½ÁË, ÎÒÃÇ»¹Ã»×¼±¸ºÃ°á¼Ò. DA abbr Ëõд = 1 deposit account. 2 (US) District Attorney. dab / dAb; dAb/ v (-bb-) 1 [Tn] press (sth) lightly and gently Çá´¥, Çáѹ£¨Ä³Î: She dabbed her eyes (with a tissue). Ëý£¨ÓÃÖ½½í£©ÇáÇáµØ°´ÁË°´ÑÛ¾¦. 2 [Ipr] ~ at sth lightly touch sth by pressing but not rubbing ÇᴥijÎµ«²»Èà²Á£©: She dabbed at the cut with cotton wool. ËýÓÃÒ©ÃÞÇáÇáµØ°´ÁË°´ÉË¿Ú. 3 (phr v) dab sth on/off (sth) apply/remove (sth) with light quick strokes Çá¶ø¿ìµØ²ë¡¢ Í¿[È¥µô]£¨Ä³Î: dab paint on a picture ÔÚ»­ÉÏÇáÇáµãÉÏÑÕÉ« * dab off the excess water ÇáÇáµØ°´, Îüµô¶àÓàµÄË®. dab n 1 [C] (a) small quantity (of paint, etc) put on a surface £¨Í¿Éϵģ©ÉÙÁ¿£¨ÑÕÉ«µÈ£©. (b) act of lightly touching or pressing sth without rubbing Çá´¥»òÇáѹijÎµ«²»Èà²Á£©: One dab with blotting-paper and the ink was dry. ÓÃÎüÄ«Ö½ÇáÇá°´ÁËÒ»ÏÂ, Ä«Ë®¾ÍǬÁË. 2 dabs [pl] (Brit sl Ùµ) fingerprints Ö¸ÎÆÓ¡. dab / dAb; dAb/ n type of flat-fish »Æ¸Çöø£¨Ó㣩. dab / dAb; dAb/ n (idm Ï°Óï) (be) a dab (hand) (at sth) (Brit infml ¿Ú) very skilled ÄÜÊÖ; ÊìÊÖ: a dab hand at golf, at rolling cigarettes ¸ß¶û·òÇò¡¢ ¾íÏãÑ̵ÄÄÜÊÖ. dabble / 5dAbl; `dAbl/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) splash (hands, feet, etc) around in water £¨ÓÃÊֽŵȣ©½¦Ë®, Ï·Ë®: She dabbled her fingers in the fountain. ËýÓÃÊÖÖ¸ÔÚÅçȪÖÐÍæË®. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (in/at sth) take part without serious intentions ÉæÁÔ; Éæ×ã: He just dabbles in politics. Ëû½ödzÉæÕþÖζøÒÑ. dabbler / 5dblE(r);`dAblL/ n: He's not a dedicated musician, just a dabbler. Ëû²¢²»ÊÇרÃŵÄÒôÀÖ¼Ò, Ö»²»¹ýÊǸöÒµÓà°®ºÃÕß. dabchick / 5dAbtFIk; `dAbtFIk/ n small water-bird of the grebe family £¨ ¿ÆµÄ£©Ð¡Ë®Äñ. dace / deIs; des/ n (pl unchanged ¸´Êý²»±ä) small freshwater fish öæÓ㣨һÖÖСµ­Ë®Ó㣩. dacha / 5dAtFE; `dBtFE/ n country house or villa in Russia £¨¶í¹úµÄ£©Ïç¼äÛ¡Õ¬»ò±ðÊû. dachshund / 5dAkshUnd; `dBks9hJnd/ n type of small dog with a long body and short legs ÁÔâµ¹·£¨Ò»ÖÖÉí³¤Íȶ̵Ĺ·£©. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page iii. Dacron / 5dAkrCn, 5deIkrCn; dAk9rBn, `de9krBn/ n [U] (US propr רÀûÃû) = Terylene. dactyl / 5dAktIl; `dAktIl/ n metrical foot consisting of one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables, as in the line `under the / `blossom that /`hangs on the /`bough' ÑïÒÖÒÖ¸ñ£¨¼´Ò»ÖØÒô½Úáá½ÓÁ½¸öÇáÒôµÄÒô²½, Èç `under the /`blossom that /`hangs on the /`bough£©. dactylic / dk5tIlIk; dAk`tIlIk/ adj: a dactylic line/verse ÑïÒÖÒÖ¸ñµÄÊ«¾ä[Ê«]. dad / dAd; dAd/ n (infml ¿Ú) father °Ö°Ö; µùµù. daddy / 5dAdI; `dAdI/ n (used esp by and to children ÓÈ×÷¶ùÓï) father °Ö°Ö; µùµù. daddy-long-legs n (infml ¿Ú) = crane-fly. dado / 5deIdEU; `dedo/ n (pl ~s; US ~es) lower part of the wall of a room, when it is different from the upperpart in colour or material »¤±Ú°å; ǽȹ. daemon / 5di:mEn; `dimEn/ n 1 (esp in Greek mythology) supernatural being that is half god, half man £¨ÓÈָϣÀ°Éñ»°Öеģ©°ëÈË°ëÉñµÄ¾«Áé. 2 spirit that inspires sb to action or creativity ÊØ»¤Éñ. daffodil / 5dAfEdIl; `dAfEdIl/ n yellow flower with a tall stem and long narrow leaves that grows from a bulb Ë®ÏÉ»¨. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page ii. daft / dB:ft; ?@ dAft; dAft/ adj (-er, -est) (infml ¿Ú) foolish; silly ɵµÄ; ÓÞ´ÀµÄ: Don't be so daft! ±ðÄÇ÷áɵÁË! * He's gone a bit daft (in the head), ie He has become slightly insane. Ëû£¨Í·ÄÔ£©ÓÐЩ·¢³Õ. daftness n [U]. dagger / 5dAgE(r); `dA^L/ n 1 short pointed two-edged knife used as a weapon ¶Ì½£; Ø°Ê×. =>illus at knife ¼û knife Ö®²åͼ. 2 printer's mark () used to refer the reader to a footnote, etc ½£ºÅ£¨¼´+ , ÓÃÒÔָʾ¶ÁÕ߲ο´½Å×¢µÄÓ¡Ë¢·ûºÅ£©. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) at daggers drawn (with sb) very hostile (towards sb) £¨¶ÔijÈË£©½£°ÎåóÕÅ: She's at daggers drawn with her colleagues. ËýÓëͬÊÂÃÇË®»ð²»ÏàÈÝ. * He and his partner are at daggers drawn. ËûºÍ»ï°éÊƲ»Á½Á¢. look daggers at sb look very angrily at sb ¶ÔijÈËÅ­Ä¿¶øÊÓ: He looked daggers at me when I told him he was lazy. ÎÒ˵ËûÀÁ¶è, Ëû¾ÍºÝºÝµØµÉÁËÎÒÒ»ÑÛ. Cf ²Î¿´ cloak-and-dagger (cloak). dago / 5deIgEU; `de^o/ n (pl ~s) ( sl offensive »ä, Ùµ, Ãï) dark-skinned foreigner, esp an Italian, a Spaniard or a Portuguese ·ôÉ«ÉîµÄÍâ¹úÈË£¨ÓÈÖ¸Òâ´óÀûÈË¡¢ Î÷°àÑÀÈË»òÆÏÌÑÑÀÈË£©. daguerreotype / dE5gerEtaIp; dE`^ZrE9taIp/ n early type of photograph using a chemically treated plate £¨ÔçÆڵģ©Òø°åÕÕÏà. dahlia / 5deIlIE; ?@ 5dAlIE; `dAljE/ n garden plant with brightly coloured flowers ´óÀö»¨. Dail E'ireann / 9dRIl 5eErEn; `dRIl `ZrEn/ (also the Dail) the legislative assembly of the Republic of Ireland °®¶ûÀ¼¹²ºÍ¹úµÄÖÚÒéÔº. daily / 5deIlI; `delI/ adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï], adv 1 done, produced or happening every day ÿÈÕ£¨µÄ£©: a daily routine, visit, newspaper ÈÕ³£¹¤×÷¡¢ ÈշᢠÈÕ±¨ * The machines are inspected daily. »úÆ÷ÿÈÕ¾ù¾­¼ì²é. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) one's daily bread (a) one's daily food ÿÈÕµÄÁ¸Ê³. (b) (infml ¿Ú) one's livelihood Éú¼Æ: That's how I earn my daily bread. ÎÒÊÇÕâÑùά³ÖÉú»îµÄ. one's daily dozen (infml ¿Ú) a few routine exercises performed each day in order to keep oneself fit ÿÈÕÌå²Ù. daily n 1 newspaper published every weekday ÈÕ±¨. 2 (also daily help) (Brit infml ¿Ú) = help2 3. dainty / 5deIntI; `dentI/ adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (of things) small and pretty £¨Ö¸ÎСÇɵÄ, ¾«ÖµÄ: dainty porcelain, lace, etc СÇɾ«ÖµĴÉÆ÷¡¢ »¨±ßµÈ. 2 (a) (of people) neat and delicate(2) in build or movement £¨Ö¸ÈË£©£¨ÌåÐλò¾ÙÖ¹£©½¿ÃÀµÄ, ÐãÀöµÄ, ÓÅÃÀµÄ: a dainty child ½¿Ð¡ÁáççµÄº¢×Ó. (b) (of people) having refined taste1(5) and manners; fastidious, esp about food £¨Ö¸ÈË£©½²¾¿µÄ, £¨ÓÈÖ¸¶ÔʳÎÌôÌÞµÄ: a dainty eater Òûʳ½²¾¿µÄÈË. 3 having a pleasant taste; delicious ¿É¿ÚµÄ; ÃÀζµÄ: a dainty morsel ÃÀζµÄÉÙÁ¿Ê³Îï. daintily adv in a dainty way ÓÅÃÀµØ; ¾«ÖµØ; ½¿ÃÀµØ; ½²¾¿µØ: a daintily dressed doll ·þÊξ«ÃÀµÄÍÞÍÞ. daintiness n [U]. dainty (usu pl ͨ³£×÷¸´Êý) n small tasty piece of food, esp a small cake Á¿ÉÙ¶øζÃÀµÄʳÎï; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©Ð¡µãÐÄ. daiquiri / 5dAkErI, 5daI-; `daIkErI/ n (esp US) iced drink made with rum, lime juice and sugar ´ú»ùÀï¾Æ£¨ÒÔÀÊÄ·¾Æ¡¢ Ëá³ÈÖ­¼ÓÌǵ÷ÖƵÄÀäÒû£©. dairy / 5deErI; `dZrI/ n 1 place where milk is kept and milk products are made Å£Ä̳¡; ÄÌÆ·³¡: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] dairy cream ÄÌÆ·³¡ÖƵÄÈéÖ¬. 2 shop where milk, butter, eggs, etc are sold £¨³öÊÛÅ£ÄÌ¡¢ »ÆÓÍ¡¢ ¼¦µ°µÈµÄ£©ÈéÆ·µê. dairy cattle cows kept to produce milk, not meat ÈéÅ£. dairy farm farm that produces mainly milk and butter Ä̳¡. dairymaid n woman who works in a dairy(1) Ä̳¡Å®¹¤. dairyman / -mEn; -mEn/ n (pl -men) (a) dealer in milk, etc ÄÌÆ·ÉÌ. (b) man who works in a dairy(1) Ä̳¡Äй¤. dairy produce food made from milk, eg butter, cheese, yoghurt ÈéÖÆÆ·£¨Èç»ÆÓÍ¡¢ ǬÀÒ¡¢ ËáÈéÀÒ£©. dais / 5deIIs; `deIs/ n (pl -es / -sIz; -sIz/) raised platform, esp at one end of a room, for a speaker, etc ½²Ì¨. daisy / 5deIzI; `dezI/ n 1 (a) small white flower with a yellow centre, usually growing wild ³û¾Õ£¨»¨£©. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page ii. (b) any of many different types of plant with similar flowers, ie with petals that radiate from the centre like the spokes of a wheel ³û¾Õ£¨Ö²Î. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) fresh as a daisy => fresh. push up daisies => push2. daisy wheel small wheel used in a printer or an electric typewriter, with characters arranged around the circumference ¾Õ»¨ÂÖ£¨Ó¡×Ö»ú»òµç¶¯´ò×Ö»úÉϵÄÓ¡×ÖÂÖ£©. Cf ²Î¿´ golf ball (golf). dale / deIl; del/ n 1 valley, esp in Northern England £¨ÓÈÖ¸Ó¢¸ñÀ¼±±²¿µÄ£©É½¹È: the Yorkshire Dales Ô¼¿Ë¿¤É½¹È. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) up hill and down dale => hill. dalliance / 5dAlIEns; `dAlIEns/ n [U] (fml ÎÄ) frivolous behaviour, esp flirtation ÇḡµÄ¾Ù¶¯; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©µ÷Çé: to spend time in idle dalliance À˵´µØÏûĥʱ¼ä. dally / 5dAlI; `dAlI/ v (pt, pp dallied) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (over sth) waste time ÀË·Ñʱ¼ä: Come on. Don't dally! ºÃÁË, ±ðÀË·Ñʱ¼äÁË! * She dallies over her work and rarely finishes it. Ëý¹¤×÷µõ¶ùÀɵ±, ºÜÉÙÄܰѹ¤×÷×öÍê. 2 (phr v) dally with sb/sth treat sb/sth frivolously ϷŪ¡¢ ÍæŪijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: She merely dallied with him/his affections, ie flirted with him without really caring for him. ËýÖ»ÊÇÍæŪËû[ËûµÄ¸ÐÇé]. dally with sth think about (an idea, etc) but not seriously £¨²»ÈÏÕæµØ£©¿¼ÂÇ£¨Òâ¼ûµÈ£©: dally with a proposal ÂíÂí»¢»¢¿¼ÂÇÒ»ÏîÌáÒé. Dalmatian / dAl5meIFn; dAl`meFEn/ n large short-haired dog, white with dark spots ´ï¶ûÂíÌáÑǹ·£¨Ò»ÖÖ¶Ìë´ó¹·, ëɫ°×, ´øÓкÚÉ«°ßµã£©. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page iii. dam / dAm; dAm/ n 1 barrier (made of concrete, earth, etc) built across a river to hold back the water and form a reservoir, prevent flooding, etc Ë®°Ó; Ë®µÌ; ˮբ. 2 reservoir formed by such a barrier Ë®°ÓΧ³ÉµÄË®¿â. dam v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) build a dam across (a river, valley, etc) ½¨Ë®°Ó춣¨ºÓ¡¢ ¹ÈµÈ£©. 2 (phr v) dam sth up (fig ±ÈÓ÷) hold back (emotions, etc) ÒÖÖÆ£¨Çé¸ÐµÈ£©: to dam up one's feelings ÒÖÖÆס×Ô¼ºµÄ¸ÐÇé. dam / dAm; dAm/ n mother of a four-footed animal ĸÊÞ. damage / 5dAmIdV; `dAmIdV/ n 1 [U] ~ (to sth) loss of value, attractiveness or usefulness caused by an event, accident, etc Ëðʧ; Ëðº¦; Ëð»Ù: The accident did a lot of damage to the car. ÕâһʹʰÑÆû³µË𻵵úÜÀ÷º¦. * storm damage to crops ±©·çÓê¶ÔÅ©×÷ÎïµÄË𺦠* damage to her reputation ¶ÔËýÃûÓþµÄËðº¦. 2 damages [pl] money paid or claimed as compensation for damage(1), loss or injury Ëðº¦Åâ³¥½ð: The court awarded 5000 (in) damages to the injured man. ·¨ÔºÅиøÉËÕß5000Ó¢°÷Ëðº¦Åâ³¥·Ñ. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) what's the `damage? (Brit infml ¿Ú) what does/did sth cost? ijÎïÒª¶àÉÙÇ®?: `I need a new coat.' `Oh yes? What's the damage?' £àÎÒÐèÒª¼þÐÂÍâÒÂÁË.£§£àÊÇÂð? Òª»¨¶àÉÙÇ®?£§ damage v [Tn] cause damage to (sth) Ëðº¦; Ëð»µ; Ëð»Ù; ËðÉË: damage a fence, a car, furniture, etc Ëð»µÕ¤À¸¡¢ Æû³µ¡¢ ¼Ò¾ßµÈ * damage sb's career Ëðº¦Ä³È˵ÄÊÂÒµ * damage relations between two countries Ëðº¦Á½¹úµÄ¹Øϵ. damaging adj ~ (to sth) having a bad effect ÓꦵÄ: Smoking can be damaging to your health. ÎüÑ̶ÔÉíÌåÓк¦. * to make damaging allegations Ìá³öÚ®»ÙÐÔµÄÔðÄÑ. damask / 5dAmEsk; `dAmEsk/ n [U] 1 silk or linen material, with designs made visible by the reflection of light ¶Ð×Ó; »¨¶Ð; ½õ¶Ð; Ö¯»¨Âé²¼: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a damask table-cloth Ö¯»¨×À²¼. 2 steel with a pattern of wavy lines or with inlaid gold or silver ´óÂíÊ¿¸ï¸Ö£¨´øÓв¨ÎÆͼ°¸»òÏâÓнðÒø£©. damask rose bright pink, sweet-scented type of rose ·Ûºìɫõ¹å. dame / deIm; dem/ n 1 (US sl Ùµ) woman ¸¾Å®: Gee! What a dame! ºÙ! ¶à±êÖµÄÅ®ÈË! 2 Dame (Brit) (title of a) woman, who has been awarded an order1(10a) of knighthood £¨»ñÓоôλµÄ£©·òÈË£¨µÄÍ·ÏΣ©. 3 (also pantomime dame) elderly female comic character in pantomime, usu played by a man £¨Í¯»°¾çÖг£ÓÉÄÐÐÔ°çÑݵĻ¬»üµÄ£©ÀÏÌ«ÆÅ. damn / dAm; dAm/ v 1 [Tn] (of God) condemn (sb) to suffer in hell £¨Ö¸Éϵۣ©·££¨Ä³ÈË£©ÈëµØÓüÊÜ×ï. 2 [Tn] criticize (sth) severely ÑÏÀ÷µØÅúÆÀ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ: The play was damned by the reviewers. Õâ³öÏ·±»ÆÀÂÛ¼ÒÅúÆÀµÃÒ»ÎÞÊÇ´¦. 3 [Tn] (also euph ίÍñÓï×÷ darn) (infml ¿Ú) (esp as an interj, used to express annoyance, anger, etc ÓÈÓÃ×÷¸Ð̾´Ê, ±íʾÑá·³¡¢ ·ßÅ­µÈ): Damn! I've lost my pen. µ¹Ã¹! ÎҸֱʶªÁË. * Damn this useless typewriter! Õâ¸öÆÆ´ò×Ö»úÕæ¸ÃËÀ! 4 (idm Ï°Óï) as near as damn it/dammit => near2. damn the consequences, expense, etc never mind the difficulties ²»¹ËÒ»ÇÐ: Let's enjoy ourselves and damn the consequences. ÔÛÃDz»¹ÜÈýÆ߶þʮһ, ÇÒÍæ¸ö¶ùÍ´¿ì. (I'm) damned if... (infml ¿Ú) I certainly do, will, etc not...; I absolutely refuse to... ÎÒ¾ö²»...; ÎÒ¾ø¶Ô²»...: I'm damned if I'm going to let her get away with that! ÎÒ¾ö²»ÄܾÍÕâÑù·Å¹ýËý! * Damned if I know! ie I certainly don't know. ÎÒ¸ù±¾¾Í²»ÖªµÀ! damn sb/sth with faint `praise imply criticism by not praising enough Ãû°ýʵ±á. I'll be damned! (infml ¿Ú) (used as an expression of surprise ÓÃÒÔ±íʾ¾ªÆæ): Well I'll be damned: she won after all! ºÃ¼Ò»ï, Ëý¾ÓȻʤÁË! publish and be damned => publish. damning adj very unfavourable ·Ç³£²»ÀûµÄ: damning criticism, evidence ÖÂÃüµÄÅúÆÀ¡¢ Ö¤¾Ý * a damning remark, etc ¼«Îª²»ÀûµÄÑÔÓïµÈ * She said some pretty damning things about him. Ëý˵ÁËËûһЩ»µ»°. damn / dAm; dAm/ n (idm Ï°Óï) not be worth a damn, etc => worth. not care/give a `damn (about sb/sth) (infml ¿Ú) not care at all ºÁ²»ÔÚºõ: I don't give a damn what you say, I'm going. ²»¹ÜÄãÔõ÷á˵, ÎÒ×߶¨ÁË. damn adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] (infml ¿Ú) (expressing disapproval, anger, impatience, etc ±íʾ²»Âú¡¢ ·ßÅ­¡¢ ²»ÄÍ·³µÈ): Where's that damn book? ÄDZ¾¸ÃËÀµÄÊéÔÚÄÄÀï? * My damn car has broken down! ÎҵĻìÕÊÆû³µ»µÁË! damn adv (infml ¿Ú) 1 (a) (expressing disapproval, anger, etc ±íʾ²»Âú¡¢ ·ßÅ­µÈ) very ·Ç³£: Don't be so damn silly! ±ðÄÇ÷áɵÁË! * You know damn well what I mean! ÄãÇåÇå³þ³þÃ÷°×ÎÒµÄÒâ˼! (b) (expressing approval, etc ±íʾͬÒâµÈ) very ·Ç³£: damn good, clever, etc ·Ç³£ºÃ¡¢ ´ÏÃ÷µÈ * We got out of there pretty damn fast. ÎÒÃǺܿì¾ÍÀ뿪ÁËÄǸöµØ·½. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) damn `all (infml ¿Ú) nothing at all ÍêȫûÓÐ: I earned damn all last week. ÎÒÉÏÐÇÆÚ·ÖÎÄûÕõ. * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] It's damn all use you telling me that now! ÄãÏÖÔڲŸæËßÎÒ, ¹Üʲ÷áÓÃ! damnable / 5dAmnEbl; `dAmnEbl/ adj (a) deserving disapproval; wicked; disgraceful ¿É¶ñµÄ; ¶ñÁÓµÄ; ²»ÃûÓþµÄ: damnable behaviour, crimes, etc ¶ñÁÓµÄÐÐΪ¡¢ ×ïÐеÈ. (b) (dated infml ¾É, ¿Ú) very bad ¼«»µµÄ: damnable weather Ôã¸âµÄÌìÆø. damnably / 5dmnEblI; `dAm-nEblI/ adv. damnation / dAm5neIFn; dAm`neFEn/ n [U] 1 state of being damned ÔâÌì·£: to suffer eternal damnation Êܵ½ÓÀÔ¶µÄ³Í·£. 2 (dated ¾É) (used as an interj to express annoyance, anger, etc ÓÃ×÷¸Ð̾´Ê, ±íʾÑá·³¡¢ ·ßÅ­µÈ): Damnation! I've lost my umbrella. Ôã¸â! ÎÒ°ÑÓêÉ¡¶ªÁË. damned / dAmd; dAmd/ adj, adv = damn adj, damnadv 1. the damned n [pl v] people who suffer in hell ÔÚµØÓüÖÐÊÜ×ïµÄÈË: the torments of the damned µØÓüÖеÄÈËÊܵÄÕÛÄ¥. damnedest / 5dAmdIst; `dAmdIst/ (idm Ï°Óï) do/try one's `damnedest do/try one's best ¾¡×Ô¼º×î´óµÄŬÁ¦: She did her damnedest to get it done on time. Ëý½ß¾¡È«Á¦°´Ê±Íê³ÉÁË. damp / dAmp; dAmp/ adj (-er, -est) 1 not completely dry; slightly wet ²»ÍêȫǬÔïµÄ; ³±ÊªµÄ: damp clothes ³±ÊªµÄÒ·þ * a damp surface ³±ÊªµÄ±íÃæ * Don't sleep between damp sheets. ˯¾õʱ²»ÒªÓó±ÊªµÄ±»Èì. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) a damp `squib (infml ¿Ú) event, etc that is much less impressive than expected δ´ïÔ¤ÆÚЧ¹ûµÄʵÈ: The party was a bit of a damp squib. Õâ´Î¾Û»áÓÐЩɨÐË. damp n [U] 1 state of being damp ³±Êª: Air the clothes to get the damp out. ÁÀÁÀÒ·þÒÔÇý³±Æø. * Don't stay outside in the damp, ie in the damp atmosphere. ÍâÃ泱ʪ, ²»Òª´ýÔÚÍâÃæ. 2 = fire-damp (fire1). damply adv. dampness n [U]. damp-proof course (also `damp course) layer of material near the bottom of a wall to stop damp rising from the ground ·Àʪ²ã£¨ÔÚǽ»ù´¦×èֹʪÆøÓɵØÃæÉÏÉýµÄÒ»²ã½¨Öþ²ÄÁÏ£©. damp / dAmp; dAmp/ v 1 [Tn] = dampen 1. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) (a) reduce (noise, etc) ¼õµÍ£¨ÉùÒôµÈ£©: Soft material damps down vibrations. ÈáÈíµÄ²ÄÁÏ¿É·ÀÕð. (b) make (sth) less strong; restrain ʹ£¨Ä³Î¼õÈõ; ÒÖÖÆ: damp (down) sb's spirits, energy, ardour, etc ´ò»÷ijÈ˵ÄÇéÐ÷¡¢ ¸É¾¢¡¢ ÈÈÇéµÈ. 3 (phr v) damp sth down cause sth to burn more slowly (by adding ash, etc or reducing the flow of air) ʹijÎïȼÉÕ»ºÂý£¨¼ÓÈë»ÒµÈ»ò¼õÈõÆøÁ÷£©: We damped the fire down before we went to bed. ÎÒÃÇÁÙ˯¾õÇ°·âºÃÁË»ð. dampen / 5dAmpEn; `dAmpEn/ v 1 [Tn] make (sth) damp ʹ£¨Ä³Î³±Êª: I always dampen shirts before ironing them. ÎÒ×ÜÊǰѳÄÉÀÏÈŪ³±ÊªÔÙìÙ. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) make (sth) less strong; restrain ʹ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ¼õÈõ; ÒÖÖÆ: dampen (down) sb's spirits, enthusiasm, etc ´ò»÷ijÈ˵ÄÇéÐ÷¡¢ ÈÈÇéµÈ. damper / 5dAmpE(r); `dAmpL/ n 1 movable metal plate that controls the flow of air into a fire in a stove, furnace, etc ÆøÃÅ; ÆøÕ¢. 2 small pad that is pressed against a piano-string to stop it vibrating ÖÆÒôÆ÷£¨ÖÕÖ¹¸ÖÇÙÏÒÕ𶯵ÄСձ¿é£©. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) put a damper on sth (infml ¿Ú) cause (an event, atmosphere, etc) to be less cheerful, excited, etc ʹ£¨ÊÂÇé¡¢ Æø·ÕµÈ£©Êܵ½ÒÖÖÆ, ¼õÈõ: Their argument put a bit of a damper on the party. ËûÃǵÄÕùÂÛʹ¾Û»áÆÄΪɨÐË. damsel / 5dAmzl; `dAmzl/ n 1 (arch ¹Å) girl; young unmarried woman ¹ÃÄï; ¹ëÅ®; δ»éÉÙÅ®. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) a damsel in distress (joc ÚÊ) woman who needs help ÐèÒª°ïÖúµÄÅ®×Ó: Most men will help a damsel in distress. ÄÐÈ˶àÔ¸°ïÖúÓÐÀ§ÄѵÄÅ®×Ó. damson / 5dAmzn; `dAmzn/ n 1 (a) type of fruit tree that produces a small dark-purple plum Î÷ÑóÀî×ÓÊ÷. (b) its fruit Î÷ÑóÀî×Ó: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] damson jam/jelly Î÷ÑóÀî×Ó½´[¶³]. 2 dark-purple colour Éî×ÏÉ«: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a damson dress Éî×ÏÉ«Á¬ÒÂȹ. dance / dB:ns; ?@ dAns; dAns/ n 1 (a) [C] (series of) movements and steps in time to music ÌøÎè; Î赸; Îè²½: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] to learn new dance steps ѧÐÂÎè²½. (b) [C] type of dance £¨Ä³ÖÖ£©Îè: The rumba is a Latin-American dance. Â×°ÍÎèÊÇÀ­¶¡ÃÀÖÞµÄÎ赸. (c) [C] one round or turn of a dance £¨Ò»¸öÎèÇú»òÀÖÇúµÄ£©Îè: May I have the next dance? ÏÂÒ»¸öÎè¿É·ñÇëÄãºÍÎÒÒ»ÆðÌø? (d) [C] music for a dance ÎèÇú: a gipsy dance played on the violin СÌáÇÙ×àµÄ¼ª²·ÈüÎèÇú. (e) (also the dance) [U] dancing as an art form Î赸ÒÕÊõ: She has written a book on (the) dance. ËýдÁËÒ»±¾¹Øì¶Î赸µÄÊé. 2 [C] social gathering at which people dance Îè»á: to hold a dance in the village hall ÔÚ´åׯ»áÌþÙÐÐÎè»á. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) lead sb a dance => lead3. a song and dance => song. dance-band n band that plays music for dancing ΪÌøÎè°é×àµÄÀÖÍÅ. dance-hall n hall for public dances, which one pays to enter £¨½»·ÑÈ볡µÄ£©ÎèÌü, Î賡. Cf ²Î¿´ ballroom (ball2). dance / dB:ns; ?@ dAns; dAns/ v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] move rhythmically in a series of steps, alone, with a partner or in a group, usu in time to music ÌøÎè: We danced to the disco music. ÎÒÃǸúÖøµÏ˹¿ÆÀÖÇúÌøÎè. * Would you like to dance? ÇëÄã¸úÎÒÌø¸öÎèºÃÂð? * I danced with her all night. ÎÒÕûÍí¶¼¸úËý¹²Îè. (b) [Tn] perform (a certain kind of dance, ballet, etc) Ìø£¨Ä³ÖÖÎ裩: to dance a waltz, the cha-cha, etc Ìø»ª¶û×ÈÎè¡¢ Ç¡Ç¡ÎèµÈ. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] move in a lively way, usu up and down £¨ÓÈÖ¸ÉÏÏ£©ÌøÔ¾, ȸԾ: leaves dancing in the wind Ëæ·çÆ®ÎèµÄÊ÷Ò¶ * a boat dancing on the waves Ë沨Ưµ´µÄС´¬ * to dance for joy/with rage ¸ßÐ˵Ã[ÆøµÃ]Ö±Ìø. 3 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] cause (sb) to dance ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©ÌøÔ¾: She danced the little child round the room. Ëý¶ºµÃСº¢ÂúÎݱıÄÌøÌø. * He danced the baby (ie bounced it up and down) on his knee. Ëû°ÑÓ¤¶ù·ÅÔÚÏ¥ÉϵßÖøÍæ. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) dance attendance (up) on sb (fml ÎÄ) follow sb about, attending to his wishes Ê̺òijÈË, ÌýÆä²îDz: She loves to have servants dance attendance (up) on her. Ëýϲ»¶ÆÍÈËÇ°ºôááÓµµØÊ̺òËý. dance to sb's tune do as sb demands ÌýijÈËÖ¸»Ó. dancer (a) person who dances ÌøÎèµÄÈË: He's a good dancer. ËûÌøÎèÌøµÃºÃ. (b) person who dances for payment Î赸ÑÝÔ±: She's a (tap-/ballet) dancer. ËýÊÇ£¨Ìß̤Îè[°ÅÀÙÎè]£©Î赸ÑÝÔ±. dancing n [U] moving rhythmically in time to music ÌøÎè: `tap-dancing ÌøÌß̤Îè * `reggae dancing ÌøÀ׸ÇÎè. dancing-girl n woman who dances professionally, often in a group Å®Î赸ÑÝÔ±; ÌøÎèÅ®ÀÉ. dancing shoes light shoes worn for dancing ÎèЬ. morris dance / 5mCrIs dB:ns; ?@ 5mR:rIs dAns; `mRrIs9dAns/ old English folk-dance traditionally performed by men wearing special costumes, with ribbons, bellsand sticks ĪÀï˹Î裨Ӣ¹úÃñ¼ä´«Í³µÄÄÐ×ÓÎ赸£©. morris dancer n. dandelion / 5dAndIlaIEn; `dAndI9laIEn/ n small wild plant with a bright yellow flower and leaves with notched edges Æѹ«Ó¢. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page ii. dander / 5dAndE(r); `dAndL/ n (idm Ï°Óï) get sb's/one's dander up (infml ¿Ú) make sb/become angry ʹijÈË·¢Å­: It really got my dander up when she began accusing me of dishonesty. ËýÖ¸ÔðÎÒ²»³Ïʵ, ¿ÉÕæ°ÑÎÒÈÇ»ðÁË. dandle / 5dAndl; `dAndl/ v [Tn] move (esp a child) up and down on one's knee(s) or in one's arms £¨ÔÚÏ¥ÉÏ»ò»³Àµß¶¯£¨º¢×ӵȣ©: He dandled the baby to make it stop crying. Ëûµß¶¯ÖøÓ¤¶ù, ºåËû²»ÔÙ¿Þ. dandruff / 5dAndrQf; `dAndrEf/ n [U] small flakes of dead skin from the scalp, usu seen in the hair; scurf ͷƤм: This shampoo will cure your dandruff. ÕâÖÖÏ´·¢Ë®¿É³ýµôͷƤм. dandy / 5dAndI; `dAndI/ n man who cares too much about the smartness of his clothes and his appearance ¹ý·Ö×¢ÒâÒÂÖøºÍÍâ±íµÄÄÐÈË; »¨»¨¹«×Ó. dandified / 5dAndIfaId; `dAndI9faId/ adj like or typical of a dandy Ïñ»¨»¨¹«×ÓµÄ: dandified clothes Ïñ»¨»¨¹«×Ó´©µÄÒ·þ. dandy / 5dAndI; `dAndI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml ¿Ú esp US) very good; excellent ¼«ºÃµÄ; ÓÅÐãµÄ: all fine and dandy ·Ç³£ºÃ * That's just dandy! ÄÇÌ«ºÃÁË! Dane / deIn; den/ n native of Denmark µ¤ÂóÈË. danger / 5deIndVE(r); `dendVL/ n 1 [U] ~ (of sth) chance of suffering damage, loss, injury, etc; risk ΣÏÕ; ·çÏÕ: There's a lot of danger in rock climbing. ÅʵÇÑұڷdz£Î£ÏÕ. * Danger thin ice! ΣÏÕ--±¡±ù! * In war, a soldier's life is full of danger. ÔÚÕ½ÕùÖÐ, Ê¿±øµÄÉúÃü³äÂúÁËΣÏÕ. * Is there any danger of fire? ÓÐÔâ»ðÔÖµÄΣÏÕÂð? * She was very ill, but is now out of danger, ie not likely to die. Ëý²¡ÖØ, µ«ÏÖÒÑÍÑÏÕ. * Ships out in this storm are in great danger, ie very liable to suffer damage, etc. ÂÖ´¬ÔÚÕâÖַ籩Öгöº½ÒªÃ°¼«´ó·çÏÕ. * His life was in danger. ËûÓÐÉúÃüΣÏÕ. 2 [C] ~ (to sb/sth) person or thing that may cause damage, injury, pain, etc; hazard ¿ÉÄÜÔì³ÉËðÉË¡¢ ÌÛÍ´µÈµÄÈË»òÎï; Σº¦: be afraid of hidden dangers º¦ÅÂDZ·üµÄΣÏÕ * Smoking is a danger to health. ÎüÑÌΣº¦½¡¿µ. * That woman is a danger to society. ÄǸöÅ®ÈËÊÇÉç»áÉϵÄΣÏÕÈËÎï. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) on the `danger list (infml ¿Ú) very ill and near to death ²¡Î£; ²¡Èë¸àëÁ: She was on the danger list, but is much better now. ËýÔøÒ»¶È²¡Î£, ÏÖÔںöàÁË. danger money extra pay for dangerous work ΣÏÕ¹¤×÷½òÌù. dangerous / 5deIndVErEs; `dendVErEs/ adj ~ (for sb/sth) likely to cause danger or be a danger ÓÐΣÏÕµÄ; ΣÏÕµÄ: a dangerous bridge, journey ΣÏÕµÄÇÅÁº¡¢ ÂÃ³Ì * The river is dangerous for swimmers. ÔÚÕâÌõºÓÀïÓÎÓ¾ÓÐΣÏÕ. * This machine is dangerous: the wiring is faulty. Õâ¸ö»úÆ÷ÓÐΣÏÕ: µçÏßÓÐ벡. dangerously adv: driving dangerously ΣÏÕ¼ÝÊ» * dangerously ill, ie so ill that one might die ²¡Î£. dangle / 5dANgl; `dAN^l/ v 1 (a) [I] hang or swing loosely ÐüµõÖø»ò°Ú¶¯²»¶¨: a bunch of keys dangling at the end of a chain ÔÚÁ´×ÓÒ»¶ËÐüµõÖøµÄÒ»´®Ô¿³×. (b) [Tn] hold (sth) so that it swings loosely ÄÃÖø£¨Ä³ÎʹÆä°Ú¶¯: He dangled his watch in front of the baby. ËûÔÚÓ¤¶ùÃæÇ°Ò¡»ÎÖø±í. 2 (phr v) dangle sth before/in front of sb offer sth temptingly to sb ÒÔijÊÂÎïÕÐÒýijÈË: The prospect of promotion was dangled before him. ½úÉýµÄÏ£ÍûÔÚÎüÒýÖøËû. Danish / 5deInIF; `denIF/ n, adj (language) of Denmark and the Danes µ¤ÂóµÄ; µ¤ÂóÈ˵Ä; µ¤ÂóÓµÄ£©. Danish blue type of soft white cheese with blue veins µ¤ÂóÀ¶ÄÌÀÒ£¨ÓÐÀ¶É«ÎƵİ×É«ÈíÄÌÀÒ£©. Danish pastry pastry cake containing apple, almond paste, etc, with icing, nuts, etc on top µ¤Âó¸â±ý£¨ÒÔÆ»¹û¡¢ ÐÓÈʺýµÈΪÏÚ, ÉÏÃ渲ÓÐÌÇ˪¡¢ ¼á¹ûÈʵȣ©. dank / dANk; dANk/ adj (-er, -est) unpleasantly damp and cold ÒõʪµÄ; ÒõÀäµÄ: a dank cellar, cave, etc ÒõʪµÄµØ½Ñ¡¢ ¶´Ñ¨µÈ. dankness n [U]. dapper / 5dApE(r); `dApL/ adj (approv °ý) (usu of a small person) neat and smart in appearance; nimble in movement £¨Í¨³£Ö¸°«Ð¡µÄÈË£©Õû½àƯÁÁµÄ, ¶¯×÷Ãô½ÝµÄ: What a dapper little man! ºÃÒ»¸ö¶ÌС¾«º·µÄÈË! dapple / 5dpl; `dApl/ v [Tn] mark (sth) with (often rounded) patches of different colour or shades of colour ʹ£¨Ä³ÎÓаߵ㣨³£ÎªÔ²ÐΣ©: The sun shining through the leaves dappled the ground. Ñô¹â´©¹ýÊ÷Ò¶ÕÕÉäÔÚµØÉÏ, ÏÖ³öÒ»¿é¿éÁÁ°ß. dappled adj having (often rounded) patches of different colour or shades of colour ÓУ¨³£ÎªÔ²ÐΣ©°ßµãµÄ: a dappled deer/horse ÓаߵãµÄ¹[Âí] * dappled shade, eg when the sun shines through leaves °ß°ßµÄÒõÓ°£¨ÈçÑô¹â´©¹ýÊ÷Ò¶ËùÐγɵģ©. dapple-grey n, adj (horse that is) grey with darker patches »ÒÉ«¶øÓÐÉîÉ«°ßµãµÄ£¨Âí£©. Darby and Joan / 9dB:bI En 5dVEUn; `dBrbI En `dVon/ oldand loving married couple ¶÷°®µÄÀÏÄê·ò¸¾. Darby and Joan club (Brit) social club for old (esp married) people ÀÏÄêÈË£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÀÏÄê·ò¸¾£©¾ãÀÖ²¿. dare / deE(r); dZr/ modal v (neg ·ñ¶¨Ê½ dare not, contracted form ËõԼʽ daren't/ deEnt; dZrnt/; rare or fml pt º±ÓûòÎÄѧÓïÑÔÓùýȥʽ dared/ deEd; dZrd/, neg ·ñ¶¨Ê½ dared not) 1 (used esp in negative sentences and questions, after if/whether, or with hardly, never, no one, nobody ÓÈÓÃ춷ñ¶¨¾ä¼°ÒÉÎʾäÖÐ, ÔÚif/whetherÖ®áá, »òÓëhardly¡¢ never¡¢ no one¡¢ nobodyÁ¬ÓÃ) have sufficient courage or impudence (to do sth) ¸Ò; ¸Òì¶; ¾¹¸Ò; µ¨¸Ò: I daren't ask her for a rise. ÎÒ²»¸ÒÒªÇóËý¼Óн. * What's the matter daren't you read what it says? Ôõ÷áÁË--ÄãÄѵÀ²»¸Ò°ÑÉÏÃæдµÄÄî³öÀ´Âð? * I wonder whether he dare stand up in public. ÎÒ²»ÖªµÀËû¸Ò²»¸ÒÕ¾ÔÚ´óÍ¥¹ãÖÚÃæÇ°. * They hardly dared breathe as somebody walked past the door! ÓÐÈËÔÚÃÅÇ°×ß¹ý, ËûÃǼ¸ºõ²»¸ÒºôÎüÁË! * If you ever dare call me that name again, you'll be sorry. Ä㵨¸ÒÔÙÄÇÑù½ÐÎÒ, Äã¾Íáá»ÚĪ¼°ÁË. * Nobody dared lift their eyes from the ground. ûÓÐÈ˸ҰÑÊÓÏßÀ뿪µØÃæ. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) how `dare you, he, she, etc (used to express indignation at the actions of others ÓÃÒÔ±íʾ¶ÔËûÈ˾ٶ¯µÄ·ß¿®): How dare you suggest that I copied your notes! Äã¾¹¸ÒÈÏΪÎÒ³­ÁËÄãµÄ±Ê¼Ç! * How dare he take my bicycle without even asking! ËûÔõ÷áÁ¬Îʶ¼²»Îʾ͸ҰÑÎÒµÄ×ÔÐгµÆï×ßÁË! I dare say I accept (sth) as a true or possible fact ÎÒÏàÐÅ; ¿ÉÄÜ: I ,dare say you `are British but you still need a passport to prove it. ÎÒÏàÐÅÄãÊÇÓ¢¹úÈË, µ«ÈÔÐèÓл¤ÕÕ¼ÓÒÔÖ¤Ã÷. * `I would imagine he's forgotten.' `I ,dare `say!' £àÎÒ²ÂÏëËûÍü¼ÇÁË.£§£àºÜ¿ÉÄÜ!£§ dare / deE(r); dZr/ v 1 [Tt] have sufficient courage ¸Ò; ¸Òì¶; ¾¹¸Ò; µ¨¸Ò: I don't know how she dares wear that dress. ÎÒ²»ÖªµÀËýÔõ÷á¸Ò´©ÄǼþÁ¬ÒÂȹ. * I've never dared go back to look. ÎÒÔÙÒ²²»¸Ò»ØÈ¥¿´Ò»ÑÛÁË. * Privatize the national parks? They'd never dare, would they? °Ñ¹ú¼Ò¹«Ô°Ë½Óª»¯? ËûÃǾø¶Ô²»¸Ò, ¶ÔÂð? * How did you dare to tell her? ÄãÔõ÷á¾¹¸Ò¸æËßËýÁË? * Don't (you) dare leave the room! £¨Ä㣩¸ÒÀ뿪Õâ¼äÎÝ×Ó! 2 [Tn, Dn.t] suggest to (sb) that he tries to do sth beyond his courage or ability; challenge ¼¤£¨Ä³ÈË£©×öijÊÂ; ÌôÕ½: Throw it at him! I dare you! ÏòËûͶÖÀ! ÎÒÁÂÄãÒ²²»¸Ò! * I dare you to tell your mother! ÎÒÁÂÄã²»¸Ò¸æËßÄãĸÇ×! * Somebody dared me to jump off the bridge into the river. ÓÐÈ˼¤ÎÒ¸Ò²»¸Ò´ÓÇÅÉÏÌø½øºÓÀï. 3 [Tn no passive ²»ÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] (fml ÎÄ) take the risk of having to face (sth) ðÖø£¨Ä³ÊÂÎµÄ·çÏÕ: He dared his grandfather's displeasure when he left the family business. Ëû²»¹Ë×游µÄ²»ÔÃ, ·ÅÏÂÁ˼Ò×åµÄÉúÒâ. dare n (usu sing ͨ³£×÷µ¥Êý) 1 challenge to do sth dangerous or difficult ×öΣÏյĻòÀ§ÄѵÄʵĵ¨Á¿; ÌôÕ½: `Why did you climb onto the roof?' `It was a dare.' £àÄãΪʲ÷áÅÀµ½Îݶ¥ÉÏÈ¥ÁË?£§£àÊÔÊÔµ¨Á¿.£§ 2 (idm Ï°Óï) for a `dare because one has received a challenge ÒòÊܵ½¼¤½«: He only entered the competition for a dare. ËûÖ»ÊÇÒòΪÊÜÈ˼¤½«²Å²Î¼Ó¾ºÈü. daredevil / 5deEdevl; `dZr9dZvl/ n person who is foolishly bold or reckless ÂùÓµÄÈË; ðʧ¹í: He's a daredevil on the racing-track. ËûÔÚÅܵÀÉÏÊ®·Öµ¨´ó³ç. * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a ,daredevil `pilot Âù¸ÉµÄ·ÉÐÐÔ± * Don't try any of those daredevil stunts. ²»ÒªË£ÄÇЩÌ첻ŵز»ÅµľøÕÐ. daring / 5deErIN; `dZrIN/ n [U] adventurous courage; boldness ðÏÕ¾«Éñ; ÓÂÆø; µ¨Á¿: the daring of the mountain climber ÅÀɽÕßµÄðÏÕ¾«Éñ * an ambitious plan of great daring, ie that is bold and new ´óµ¨´´Ðµļƻ®. daring adj 1 courageous Ó¸ҵÄ; Ó¢ÓµÄ: a daring person, exploit, attack Ó¸ҵÄÈË¡¢ Ó¢ÐÛµÄÒµ¼¨¡¢ ÓÂÃ͵Ľø»÷. 2 bold in a new or unusual way £¨³öÆæµØ£©´óµ¨µÄ: a daring plan, innovation, etc ±ð³öÐIJõĴ󵨼ƻ®¡¢ ¸ïÐÂµÈ * a daring new art form ±ð¾ßÒ»¸ñµÄ´´ÐÂÒÕÊõÐÎʽ * She said some daring (ie bold and possibly shocking) things. Ëý˵ÁËһЩÆÃÌì´óµ¨µÄ»°. daringly adv. dark / dB:k; dBrk/ n 1 the dark [sing] absence of light ºÚ°µ; ÎÞ¹â: All the lights went out and we were left in the dark. ËùÓеĵƶ¼Ï¨ÁË, ÖÜΧһƬºÚ°µ. * Are you afraid of the dark? ÄãźÚÂð? 2 (idm Ï°Óï) before/after dark before/after the sun goes down ÔÚÌìºÚÒÔÇ°[ÒÔáá]: Try to get home before dark. ¾¡Á¿ÔÚÌìºÚÒÔÇ°»Ø¼Ò. * I'm afraid to go out after dark in the city. ÔÚ³ÇÀï, ÎÒº¦ÅÂÌìºÚáá³öÃÅ. (be/keep sb) in the `dark (about sth) in a state of ignorance ÎÞÖª; ²»Öª: I was in the dark about it until she told me. Õâ¼þÊÂÔÚËý¸æËßÎÒ֮ǰ, ÎÒºÁ²»ÖªÇé. * We were kept completely in the dark about his plan to sell the company. ¶ÔËû¼Æ»®½«¹«Ë¾³öÊÛÒ»ÊÂ, ÎÒÃÇÒ»Ö±ÃÉÔÚ¹ÄÀï. a leap/shot in the `dark action, answer, etc that is risked in the hope that it is correct äĿðÏյĸɡ¢ »Ø´ðµÈ: It's hard to know exactly what to do we'll just have to take a shot in the dark. ºÜÄÑ˵Ôõ÷á°ì²Å¶Ô--ÎÒÃÇÖ»ºÃϹÅö. whistle in the dark => whistle. dark / dB:k; dBrk/ adj (-er, -est) 1 with no or very little light ºÚ°µµÄ: a dark room, street, corner, etc ºÚ°µµÄ·¿¼ä¡¢ ½ÖµÀ¡¢ ½ÇÂäµÈ * It's awfully dark in here: put the light on. ÕâÀïÌ«ºÚÁË, ¿ªµÆ°É. * It's too dark to play outside. ÍâÃæºÚµÃÍæ¶ù²»ÁË. 2 (a) (of a colour) not reflecting much light; closer in shade(6) to black than to white °µÉ«µÄ; ÉîÉ«µÄ: dark green, red, grey, etc ÉîÂÌÉ«¡¢ ÉîºìÉ«¡¢ Éî»ÒÉ« * a dark dress, suit, etc ÉîÉ«µÄÁ¬ÒÂȹ¡¢ Î÷×°µÈ * dark-brown eyes Éî×ØÉ«µÄÑÛ¾¦. (b) having brown(ish) or black skin or hair ÓÐ×ØÉ«»òºÚɫƤ·ô»òë·¢µÄ: a dark youth, complexion Ƥ·ô÷îºÚµÄÇàÄê[×غڵķôÉ«] * I have one fair and one dark child. ÎÒÓÐÁ½¸öº¢×Ó, Ò»¸öÍ··¢ÊǽðÉ«µÄ, Ò»¸öÊǺÚÉ«µÄ. 3 (fig ±ÈÓ÷) (a) hidden; mysterious Òþ²ØµÄ; ÉñÃصÄ: a dark secret/mystery ÎÞÈËÖªµÀµÄÃØÃÜ[ÉñÃØÊÂÇé]. (b) difficult to understand; obscure ÄÑÀí½âµÄ; ÒâÒå²»Ã÷µÄ: Your meaning is too dark for me. ÄãµÄÒâ˼ÎÒºÜÄÑÀí½â. 4 (fig ±ÈÓ÷) gloomy; sad ±¯¹ÛµÄ; ÓÇÓôµÄ; ÓdzîµÄ: dark predictions about the future ¶Ôǰ;±¯¹ÛµÄÔ¤²â * You always look on the dark side of things, ie are always pessimistic. Äã×ÜÊÇÖøÑÛì¶ÊÂÎïµÄºÚ°µÃ棨×ÜÊDZ¯¹Û£©. 5 evil а¶ñµÄ; ¶ñ¶¾µÄ: dark powers/influence ×ï¶ñµÄȨÁ¦[Ó°Ïì]. 6 (idm Ï°Óï) a dark `horse person who hides special personal qualities or abilities ºÚÂí£¨Óб¾Ê¶øÉî²Ø²»Â¶µÄÈË£©: He's a bit of a dark horse: he was earning a fortune, but nobody knew. Ëû¿ÉËãÊDzØÁúÎÔ»¢: ׬´óÇ®, ¿ÉË­Ò²²»ÖªµÀ. keep it/sth dark (from sb) keep sth secret ±£ÃÜ: I'm getting married again, but keep it dark, will you? ÎÒÒªÔÙ»éÁË, ¿ÉÒª±£ÃÜѽ, ÐÐÂð? darkly adv (fig ±ÈÓ÷) 1 mysteriously ÉñÃصØ: She hinted darkly at strange events. ËýÉñÃصذµÊ¾ÖøÊ·ÇÑ°³£. 2 gloomily ±¯¹ÛµØ; ÓÇÓôµØ: He spoke darkly of possible future disaster. Ëû±¯¹ÛµØ˵½«À´¿ÉÄÜ´óÄÑÁÙÍ·. darkness n [U] state of being dark ºÚ°µ: The room was in complete darkness. ÊÒÄÚһƬÆáºÚ. the Dark Ages period of (European) history between the end of the Roman Empire and the tenth century AD ºÚ°µÊ±´ú£¨´ÓÂÞÂíµÛ¹úÃðÍöÖÁ¹«ÔªµÚÊ®ÊÀ¼ÍµÄÅ·ÖÞÀúʷʱÆÚ£©. the Dark Continent (name given to) Africa before it was fully explored ºÚ°µ´ó½£¨·ÇÖÞδÍêÈ«¿ª·¢Ê±Ö®³Æ£©. dark glasses spectacles with tinted lenses Ä«¾µ. dark-room n room which can be made dark, used for processing photographs £¨³åÏ´ÏàƬÓõģ©°µÊÒ, °µ·¿. darken / 5dB:kEn; `dBrkEn/ v [I, Tn] 1 (cause sth to) become dark £¨Ê¹Ä³Î±äºÚ°µ: We darkened the room to show the film. ÎÒÃÇ°Ñ·¿¼äŪ°µÒÔ·ÅӰƬ. * The sky darkened as the storm approached. ·çÓêÓûÀ´, ÌìÉ«ºÚ°µ. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) darken sb's `door (joc or rhet ÚÊ»òÐÞ´Ç) come as an unwanted or reluctant visitor to sb's house ²»ÊÜ»¶Ó­µÄÈ˵½·Ã: Go! And never darken my door again! ×ß°É! Ï´β»ÒªÔÙµ½ÎÒ¼ÒÀ´ÁË! darky (also darkie) / 5dB:kI; `dBrkI/ n ( infml offensive »ä, ¿Ú, Ãï) black or coloured person ºÚ¹í£¨ºÚÈË»òÓÐÉ«ÈË£©. darling / 5dB:lIN; `dBrlIN/ n (a) person or thing much liked or loved ÐÄ°®µÄÈË: She's a little darling! ËýÊÇС±¦±´! * He's the darling (ie favourite subject) of the media just now. ËûÊǵ±Ç°´«²¥Ã½½éÖÐ×îºìµÄÈË£¨×îÊÜ»¶Ó­µÄÈË£©. (b) (as a form of address ×÷Ϊ³Æºô): My darling! How sweet of you to come! Ç×°®µÄ! ÄãÀ´µ½ÕâÀï¶àÈÃÈ˸ßÐË°¡! darling adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] 1 dearly loved ÐÄ°®µÄ; ¿É°®µÄ. 2 (infml ¿Ú) charming; pleasing ÃÔÈ˵Ä; ʹÈËÓä¿ìµÄ: What a darling little room! ¶à÷áÌÖÈËϲ»¶µÄСÎÝ×Ó! darn / dB:n; dBrn/ v [I, Tn] mend (a garment) by passing a thread through the material in two directions Ö¯²¹£¨ÒÂÎ: My socks have been darned again and again. ÎÒµÄÍà×ÓÒѾ­²¹ÁËÓÖ²¹. * I must darn the hole in my pocket. Îҵðѿڴü²¹Ò»²¹. darn n place mended by darning Ö¯²¹Ö®´¦. darning n [U] task of darning; things needing to be darned Ö¯²¹µÄ¹¤×÷; ÐèÖ¯²¹µÄ¶«Î÷: I hate darning. ÎÒÌÖÑáÖ¯²¹»î¶ù. * We sat doing the darning. ÎÒÃÇ×øÖøÖ¯²¹. `darning-needle n large sewing needle used for darning Ö¯²¹ÓõĴóÕë. darn / dB:n; dBrn/ v [Tn] (infml euph ¿Ú, Íñ) = damn1 3: Well, I'll be darned! °¡Ñ½, ºÃ¼Ò»ï! * Darn it! She beat me again! µ¹Ã¹! ËýÓÖ±ÈÎÒÇ¿ÁË! * Darn those blasted kids! ÕâЩȱµÂº¢×ÓÕæ¸ÃËÀ! darn (also darned) adj (infml euph ¿Ú, Íñ) (used to express annoyance, impatience, etc ÓÃÒÔ±íʾ·³ÄÕ¡¢ ²»ÄÍ·³µÈ): That darn(ed) cat has eaten my supper! Õâ¸öËÀè°ÑÎÒµÄÍí·¹³ÔµôÁË! adv (infml euph approv or derog ¿Ú, Íñ, °ý»ò±á) extremely; very ¼«¶Ë; ·Ç³£: a darn(ed) good try ºÃºÃÊÔһϠ* What a darn(ed) stupid thing to say! Õ⻰˵µÃ¶à÷áÓÞ´À! dart / dB:t; dBrt/ n 1 [C] small pointed missile (often with feathers to aid flight) used as a weapon or in the game of darts ïÚ; ·ÉïÚ. 2 [sing] sudden fast movement Ãͳå; Í»½ø: She made a dart for the exit. Ëý³åÏò³ö¿Ú. 3 [C] (in dressmaking) stitched tapering fold £¨ÖÆÒ£©ÄóñÞ. 4 darts [sing v] game in which darts are thrown at a target marked with numbers for scoring ÖÀïÚÓÎÏ·: Darts is often played in English pubs. Ó¢¹ú¾Æ¹ÝÀï³£ÓÐÖÀïÚÓÎÏ·. =>illus ¼û²åͼ. dartboard n circular board used as the target in the game of darts ÖÀïÚÓÎÏ·ÓõÄÔ²°Ð. dart / dB:t; dBrt/ v [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) move suddenly and quickly in the specified direction £¨Ê¹Ä³ÎÃͳå, Í»½ø: The mouse darted away when I approached. ÎÒ×ß½üʱ, ÀÏÊó¾Í·É¿ìÌÓÅÜÁË. * Swallows are darting through the air. Ñà×ÓÔÚ¿ÕÖÐÂÓ¹ý. * She darted into the doorway to hide. Ëý³åµ½ÃÅ¿Ú¶ã²ØÆðÀ´. * The snake darted out its tongue. Éß·É¿ìµØÍÂÖøо×Ó. * She darted an angry look (ie suddenly glanced angrily) at him. ËýºÝºÝµØƳÁËËûÒ»ÑÛ. =>Usage at whiz Ó÷¨¼ûwhiz. dash / dAF; dAF/ n 1 [sing] ~ (for sth) sudden forward movement Í»½ø; Ãͳå: to make a dash for freedom, shelter Ϊ»ñ×ÔÓÉ¡¢ ÕÚÑÚ´¦¶ø¼±±¼ * We jumped into the car and made a dash for the ferry. ÎÒÃÇÌøÉÏÆû³µ, ³åÏòÂëÍ·. * Mother said lunch was ready and there was a mad dash for the table. ĸÇ×˵Îç·¹×öºÃÁË, ´ó¼ÒÒ»ÏÂ×Ó¶¼Ïò·¹×À±¼È¥. 2 [C usu sing ͨ³£×÷µ¥Êý] (esp US) short race; sprint ¶ÌÅÜ; ¶Ì¾àÀëÈüÅÜ: the 100-metres dash 100Ã×ÈüÅÜ. 3 [C esp sing ÓÈ×÷µ¥Êý] a ~ (of sth) small amount of sth added or mixed ÉÙÁ¿²óºÍÎï»ò»ìºÏÎï: a dash of salt ÉÙÐíÑÎ * red with a dash of blue ÂÔΪ·¢À¶µÄºìÉ« * The flag adds a dash of colour to the grey building. ÄÇÃæÆì×Ó×°µãÖø»ÒͺͺµÄ´óÂ¥. 4 [sing] ~ (of sth) (sound of) liquid striking or being thrown against sth ³å»÷»ò½¦È÷ÒºÌ壨µÄÉùÒô£©: the dash of waves on the rocks ²¨ÀËÅÄ´òÑÒʯµÄÉùÒô * A dash of water in his face will revive him. ÏòËûÁ³ÉÏÆÃË®ÄÜʹËûËÕÐÑ. 5 [C] horizontal stroke () used in writing, printing and Morse code ÆÆÕۺţ¨--£©. =>App 3 ¼û¸½Â¼3. 6 [U] ability to act vigorously; energy »îÁ¦; ³å¾¢¶ù; ¾«Á¦; ¸É¾¢: an officer famous for his skill and dash ÒÔ¸ÉÁ·ºÍ¸É¾¢ÎÅÃûµÄ¹ÙÔ±. 7 [C] (infml ¿Ú) = dashboard. 8 (idm Ï°Óï) cut a `dash be exciting and stylish (in appearance or behaviour) £¨Íâ±í»ò¾ÙÖ¹£©ÉñÆø, ÓÐÆøÅÉ, ˧: He really cuts a dash in his smart new uniform. Ëû´©ÖøƯÁÁµÄÐÂÖÆ·þÕæÊÇÉñÆøÊ®×ã. make a bolt/dash/run for it => bolt2. dashboard (also facia, fascia) n board or panel below the windscreen of a motor vehicle, carrying various instruments and controls £¨»ú¶¯³µÁ¾µÄ£©ÒDZí°å. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page xii. dash / dAF; dAF/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] move suddenly and quickly; rush Ãͳå; Í»½ø: I must dash (ie leave quickly), I'm late. ÎҵøϽô×ßÁË, ÒѾ­ÍíÁË. * He dashed off with the money. Ëû´øÖøÇ®ÅÜÁË. * She dashed into the shop. Ëý³å½øÉ̵êÀï. * An ambulance dashed to the scene of the accident. ¾È»¤³µ·ç³Ûµç³¸¸ÏÍùʹÊÏÖ³¡. 2 [Ipr, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) strike forcefully £¨Ê¹Ä³ÎÃÍײ, ײ»÷, Åöײ: Waves dashed against the harbour wall. ²¨ÀËײ»÷Öø¸Û¿ÚµÄǽ»ù. * He dashed the glass to the ground. Ëû°Ñ²£Á§±­ºÝºÝˤÔÚµØÉÏ. * The boat was dashed against the rocks. С´¬ÃÍײÔÚ½¸Ê¯ÉÏ. * A passing car dashed mud all over us. Ò»Á¾Æû³µ·É³Û¶ø¹ý, ½¦ÁËÎÒÃÇÂúÉíÄà. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) dash (it)! (infml euph ¿Ú, Íñ) (used as a milder way of saying damn ÓÃÈçdamnÒ»´Ê, ÓïÆøÉÔÇá): Dash it! I've broken my pen. ÔãÁË! ÎҰѸֱÊŪ¶ÏÁË. 4 dash/shatter sb's hopes => hope. 5 (phr v) dash sth off write or draw sth quickly ´Ò´ÒµØд»ò»­Ä³ÊÂÎï: She dashed off a letter to her mother. Ëý¸øĸÇ×´Ò´ÒдÁËÒ»·âÐÅ. dashing adj (a) lively and exciting ¾«ÉñÕñ·ÜµÄ; ¾«Éñ¶¶ËÓµÄ: a dashing rider, officer, etc ÐÛôñôñµÄÆïÂíÈË¡¢ ¹ÙÔ±µÈ. (b) (of clothes) smart and interesting £¨Ö¸Ò·þ£©Æ¯ÁÁ¶øÓÐȤµÄ, ˧: a dashing uniform, hat, etc ºÜ˧µÄÖÆ·þ¡¢ ñ×ÓµÈ. dashingly adv. data / 5deItE, also 5dB:tE; ?@ 5dAtE; `dAtE/ n (a) [U or pl] facts or information used in deciding or discussing sth ×ÊÁÏ: Very little data is available. ÏÖÓеÄ×ÊÁÏÊ®·Ö²»×ã. * The data is/are still being analysed. ×ÊÁÏÈÔÔÚ·ÖÎöÖÐ. (b) [usu sing v ͨ³£Óëµ¥Êý¶¯´ÊÁ¬ÓÃ] (computing ¼Æ) information prepared for or stored by a computer Êý¾Ý: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] data analysis, capture, retrieval Êý¾Ý·ÖÎö¡¢ ²¶×½¡¢ ¼ìË÷ * data protection, ie legal restrictions on access to data stored in a computer Êý¾Ý±£»¤. data bank centre with a comprehensive file of computer data . database n large store of computerized data, esp lists or abstracts of reports, etc Êý¾Ýµ¥Ôª. data-processing n [U] performing of computer operations on data to analyze it, solve problems, etc Êý¾Ý´¦Àí. data capture process of collecting data for use in a computer Êý¾Ý²¶×½; Êý¾ÝÊÕ¼¯. data NOTE ON USAGE Ó÷¨: There are a lot of nouns in English of Latin or Greek origin. Ó¢ÓïÃû´ÊÖÐÓкܶàÀ´×ÔÀ­¶¡Óï»òÏ£À°Óï. They often end in -us, -a, -um, -on, etc. ÕâЩ´Ê¶àÒÔ-us¡¢ -a¡¢ -um¡¢ -onµÈ½áβ. The plural forms of these nouns can cause difficulty. ÕâЩÃû´ÊµÄ¸´ÊýÐÎʽ¿ÉÄÜ»áÔì³ÉÀ§ÄÑ. 1 Some, especially scientific terms, have kept their original singular and plural forms ÓÐЩ´Ê, ÌرðÊÇ¿ÆѧÊõÓï, ÈÔ±£ÁôÖøÔ­À´µÄµ¥¸´ÊýÐÎʽ: bacillus, bacilli * larva, larvae * criterion, criteria. 2 Many, especially those in general use, now only have a regular English plural form ÆäÖкܶà´Ê, ÌرðÊdz£ÓôÊ, ÏÖÔÚÖ»ÓкϺõÓ¢Óï¹æÔòµÄ¸´ÊýÐÎʽ: arena, arenas * circus, circuses * electron, electrons. 3 Some have alternative plural forms, which are both acceptable. ÓÐЩ´Ê, ÓÐÁ½ÖÖ¸´ÊýÐÎʽ, ¾ù¿ÉʹÓÃ. The Latin form is more formal À­¶¡ÓïʽµÄ¸´ÊýÐÎʽ½ÏׯÖØ: focus, focuses/foci * formula, formulas/formulae * spectrum, spectrums/spectra. 4 There is uncertainty with some nouns as to whether they are singular or plural ÓÐЩÃû´Êµ½µ×Êǵ¥Êý»¹ÊǸ´Êý, ÄÑÒÔÈ·¶¨: This data is correct and These data are correct are both acceptable. Êý¾ÝÕýÈ·£¨Ó¢ÎľäÖÐÓÃis»òare¾ù¿É£©. Paraphernalia (a Greek plural) is used as a singular noun *paraphernalia£¨Ï£À°Ó︴Êý£©Ò»×ÖÓÃ×÷µ¥ÊýÃû´Ê: All my fishing paraphernalia is in the car. ÎÒµÄÓã¾ß¶¼ÔÚÆû³µÀï. Media (sing medium) is sometimes incorrectly used as a singular noun *media£¨µ¥ÊýΪmedium£©Ò»×ÖÓÐʱÎóÓÃ×÷µ¥ÊýÃû´Ê: The media are (NOT is) often accused of being biased. ´«²¥Ã½½é³£ÔâÖ¸Ôð, ÈÏΪÓÐÆ«¼û£¨Ó¢ÎľäÖв»¿ÉÓÃis£©. date / deIt; det/ n 1 [C] (a) specific numbered day of the month, or specific year, usu given to show when sth happened or is to happen ÈÕÆÚ; ÈÕ×Ó; Äê·Ý: Today's date is the 23rd of June. ½ñÌìÊÇ6ÔÂ23ÈÕ. * `What's the date?' `The 10th.' £àÈÕÆÚÊǼ¸ºÅ?£§£à10ºÅ.£§ * Has the date of the meeting been fixed? ¿ª»áµÄÈÕÆÚ¾ö¶¨ÁËÂð? *`When was the date of the Battle of Waterloo? ' `June 1815.'£à»¬Ìú¬սÒÛÊÇÔÚºÎʱ?£§£à1815Äê6ÔÂ.£§ (b) indication written, printed or stamped (on a letter, coin, etc) of the time when it was written, made, etc £¨Ðżþ¡¢ Ó²±ÒµÈ£©×¢Ã÷µÄÈÕÆÚ: There's no date on this cheque. ÕâÕÅ֧ƱÉÏûÓÐÈÕÆÚ. * The manuscript bears the date 10 April 1937. ÊÖ¸åÉÏ×¢Öø1937Äê4ÔÂ10ÈÕ. =>App 4 ¼û¸½Â¼4. 2 [U] period of time in history, eg one to which antiquities belong £¨¹ÅÎïµÈËùÊôµÄ£©Ê±´ú, Äê´ú: This vase is of an earlier date (ie is older) than that one. Õâ¸ö»¨Æ¿µÄÄê´ú±ÈÄǸöµÄÔç. 3 [C] (infml ¿Ú) (a) appointment to meet sb at a particular time £¨Ô¼ºÃʱ¼äµÄ£©»áÎî: We made a date to go to the opera. ÎÒÃÇÔ¼ºÃÈ¥¿´¸è¾ç. (b) meeting with a person of the opposite sex £¨ºÍÒìÐԵģ©Ô¼»á: I have a date (with my girl-friend) tonight. ÎÒ½ñÍí£¨ºÍÅ®ÅóÓÑ£©ÓиöÔ¼»á. (c) (esp US) person with whom one has a date1(3b) £¨ÒìÐԵģ©Ô¼»á¶ÔÏó: My date is meeting me atseven. ÎҵĶÔÏóÆßµãÖÓ¸úÎÒ¼ûÃæ. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) (be/go),out of `date (a) no longer fashionable ²»ÔÙÁ÷ÐеÄ; ¹ýʱµÄ: Will denim jeans ever go out of date? ´Ö²¼Å£×пã»á¹ýʱÂð? * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] ,out-of-date `clothes, i`deas, `slang ¹ýʱµÄÒ·þ¡¢ ³Â¾ÉµÄ˼Ïë¡¢ ÒѷϵÄÙµÓï. (b) no longer valid ¹ýÆÚµÄ; ʧЧµÄ: My passport is out of date. ÎҵĻ¤ÕÕÒѾ­¹ýÆÚÁË. to date so far; up to now Æù½ñ; ÖÁ½ñ; µ½Ä¿Ç°ÎªÖ¹: To date, we have not received any replies. ÎÒÃÇÖÁ½ñ»¹Î´½Óµ½´ð¸². * This is the biggest donation we've had to date. ÿ¼iÕâÊǵ½Ä¿Ç°ÎªÖ¹ÎÒÃÇËùÊÕµ½µÄ×î´óÒ»Ïî¾èÔù. (be/bring sb/sth) ,up to `date (a) modern; fashionable ÏÖ´úµÄ; ʱеÄ: She wears clothes that are right up to date. Ëý´©Öø×îʱеÄÒ·þ. (b) according to what is now known or required ¾ÝÄ¿Ç°ËùÖª»òËùÒªÇóµÄ: The list is up to date now that we've added the new members' names. ÎÒÃÇ°ÑгÉÔ±µÄÃû×ÖÒѾ­¼Ó½øÈ¥ÁË, Õâ·ÝÃûµ¥ÊÇ×îÈ«µÄÁË. * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï],up-to-date `styles, `methods, `books ×îеÄʽÑù¡¢ ·½·¨¡¢ Êé¼®. dateless adj never becoming unfashionable or dated Àú¾ÃÃÖеÄ; ÓÀ²»¹ýʱµÄ. date-line n (a) (also international date-line) imaginary line running from north to south 180 from Greenwich, east and west of which the date differs by one day £¨¹ú¼Ê£©ÈÕ½çÏߣ¨¾à¸ñÁÖÍþÖÎ180×Ô±±ÏòÄϵÄÒ»Ìõ¼ÙÏëÏß, ´ËÏßÒÔ¶«¼°ÒÔÎ÷µÄµØÇøÈÕÆÚÏà²îÒ»ÈÕ£©. (b) line in a newspaper above an article, etc, that shows the time and place of writing ÈÕÆÚÐУ¨±¨ÕÂÖÐһƪÎÄ×ÖÉÏ·½×¢Ã÷׫дʱ¼äºÍµØµãµÄÒ»ÐÐÎÄ×Ö£©. date-stamp n adjustable rubber stamp for printing the date on documents, etc ÈÕÆÚ´Á×Ó. date / deIt; det/ v 1 [Tn] write a date1(1a) on (sth) ÔÚ£¨Ä³ÎÉÏдÉÏÈÕÆÚ: Don't forget to date your cheque. ²»ÒªÍü¼ÇÔÚ֧ƱÉÏдÉÏÈÕÆÚ. * His last letter was dated 24 May. Ëû×îááÒ»·âÐŵÄÈÕÆÚÊÇ5ÔÂ24ÈÕ. 2 [Tn] determine the age of (sth) ¼ø¶¨£¨Ä³ÎµÄÄê´ú: the method of dating rocks, fossils, tools, paintings ¼ø¶¨ÑÒʯ¡¢ »¯Ê¯¡¢ ¹¤¾ß¡¢ »æ»­µÄÄê´úµÄ·½·¨. 3 [I, Tn] seem or make (sb/sth) seem old-fashioned ÏԵùýʱ; ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]£©ÏԵùýʱ: Young people's clothes date quickly nowadays. ÏÖÔÚÄêÇáÈ˵ÄÒ·þתÑ۾͹ýʱ. * Your taste in pop music really dates you. ÄãËùϲ°®µÄÁ÷ÐÐÒôÀÖÕæʹÄãÏÔµÃÍÑÀëÁËʱ´ú. 4 [Ipr] ~ back to/from... have existed since ×Ôijʱ´ú´æÔÚÖÁ½ñ: This castle dates from the 14th century, ie was built then. Õâ×ù³Ç±¤½¨ì¶14ÊÀ¼Í. * Our partnership dates back to (ie We have been partners since) 1960. ÎÒÃÇ´Ó1960Äê¾ÍºÏ»ïÁË. 5 [I, Tn] (infml ¿Ú esp US) go on a date1(3b) with (sb), once or regularly £¨ÓëÒìÐÔ£©Ô¼»á: They've been dating for a long time. ËûÃÇһֱƵƵԼ»á. * I only dated her once. ÎÒºÍËýÖ»Ô¼»á¹ýÒ»´Î. datable adj. dated adj old-fashioned; no longer in use ¾ÉʽµÄ; ²»Ê±Ð˵Ä; ¹ýʱµÄ: His clothes look so dated. ËûµÄÒ·þÔç¾Í¹ýʱÁË. * She uses rather dated words and phrases. ËýʹÓõĴÊÓïδÃâÌ«³Â¾ÉÁË. date / deIt; det/ n 1 brown sweet edible fruit of a palm tree common in N Africa and S W Asia Ôæ. 2 (usu ͨ³£×÷ `date-palm) this tree ÔæÊ÷. dative / 5deItIv; `detIv/ n (grammar) special form of a noun, a pronoun or an adjective used (in some inflected languages) to indicate or describe esp the person who receives sth or benefits from an action Óë¸ñ£¨Ä³Ð©ÇüÕÛÓïÖеÄÃû´Ê¡¢ ´ú´Ê»òÐÎÈݴʵÄÒ»ÖÖÐÎʽ, ÓÃÒÔ±íʾËùÖ¸µÄÈËÎï½ÓÊÜijÊÂÎï»ò´ÓÒ»Ðж¯ÖлñÒ棩. dative adj of or in the dative Óë¸ñµÄ. daub / dR:b; dRb/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A on (B); ~ B (with A) put (a soft substance) on (a surface) in a rough or careless way £¨ºúÂÒ£©Í¿Ä¨: He daubed some red paint on (the canvas). Ëû£¨ÔÚÓÍ»­²¼ÉÏ£©Í¿ÉÏÁËһЩºìÑÕÉ«. * She daubed her face with thick make-up. ËýÃ沿»¯×±ºÜŨ. * trousers daubed (ie made dirty) with mud Õ´ÉÏÄàµÄ¿ã×Ó. 2 [I, Tn] (infml ¿Ú) paint (pictures) without skill or artistry ºúÂҵػ­. daub n 1 [C, U] (covering of) soft sticky material, eg clay, for walls £¨Ò»²ã£©Í¿ÁÏ. 2 [C] badly painted picture ×¾ÁӵĻ­. dauber n (derog ±á) unskilful painter ×¾ÁӵĻ­½³. daughter / 5dR:tE(r); `dRtL/ n one's female child Å®¶ù. =>App 8 ¼û¸½Â¼8. daughter-in-law / 5dR:tEr In lR:; `dRtErIn9lR/ n (pl ~s-in-law / 5dR:tEz In lR; `dRtLzIn9lR/) wife of one's son ¶ùϱ¸¾. =>App 8 ¼û¸½Â¼8. daunt / dR:nt; dRnt/ v 1 [Tn usu passive ͨ³£ÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] discourage (sb); frighten ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©ÆøÄÙ; ÍþÏÅ: I was rather daunted by the thought of addressing such an audience. ÎÒÒ»Ïëµ½Òª¶ÔÕâÑùµÄÌýÖÚ½²»°, ¾ÍÓÐЩµ¨Ð¡. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) nothing `daunted (fml or joc ÎÄ»òÚÊ) not at all discouraged ºÁÎÞ¾åÉ«; ºÁ²»ÆøÄÙ: Their guide deserted them, but, nothing daunted, they pressed on into the jungle. Ïòµ¼ÀëËûÃǶøÈ¥, µ«ÊÇËûÃǺÁ²»ÆøÄÙ, ÈÔÏòÉ­ÁÖ½ø·¢. daunting adj discouraging; frightening ʹÈËÆøÄÙµÄ; ÏÅÈ˵Ä: The prospect of meeting the President is quite daunting. Ò»Ïëµ½Òª»á¼û×Üͳ¾Í×ãÒÔÁîÈËÐļÂ. dauntless / 5dR:ntlIs; `dRntlIs/ adj not easily discouraged or frightened Ó¸ҵÄ; ÎÞηµÄ: dauntless bravery Ó¢Ó¾øÂ×. dauntlessly adv. dauphin / 5dR:fIn; `dRfIn/ n (formerly) title of the King of France's eldest son £¨¾Éʱ£©·¨¹ú»ÊÌ«×ӵijƺÅ. davenport / 5dvnpR:t; `dAvEn9pRrt/ n 1 (Brit) writing desk with drawers and a hinged top ·­°åд×Ǫ̈£¨´øÓгéÌë, ×ÀÃæÓкÏÒ¶¿É·­¿ª£©. 2 (US) large sofa for two or three people, esp one that can be converted into a bed ³¤É³·¢£¨¿É×øÁ½ÈýÈË£©; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©É³·¢´². davit / 5dAvIt; `dAvIt/ n small crane1(2) on a ship, usu one of a pair, used for supporting, lowering and raising a ship's boat £¨ÂÖ´¬Éϵģ©µõͧÖù, µõͧ¼Ü. Davy Jones's locker (infml often joc ¿Ú, ³£×÷Ï·ÚÊÓï) the bottom of the sea º£µ×: Their ship was sent to Davy Jones's locker, ie was sunk. ËûÃǵÄÂÖ´¬È¥¼ûÁúÍõÒ¯ÁË£¨³ÁûÁË£©. dawdle / 5dR:dl; `dRdl/ v (a) [I] be slow; waste time »ºÂý; ÀË·Ñʱ¼ä: Stop dawdling and hurry up: we're late. ±ðĥĥ²ä²äÁË, ¿ìµã¶ù°É: ÔÛÃÇÍíÁË. * She doesn't get her work done because she's always dawdling. Ëýû×öÍê, ×ÜÊÇÄ¥Ñó¹¤. (b) (phr v) dawdle sth away waste (time) ÀË·Ñ£¨Ê±¼ä£©: He dawdles the hours away watching television.Ëû°Ñʱ¼ä¶¼»Ä·ÏÔÚ¿´µçÊÓÉÏÁË. dawdler / 5dR:dlE(r);`dRdlL/ n. dawn / dR:n; dRn/ n [U, C] 1 time of day when light first appears; daybreak ÀèÃ÷; ÆÆÏþ; ·÷Ïþ: We must start at dawn. ÎÒÃDZØÐëÌìÒ»ÁÁ¾ÍÆô³Ì. * He works from dawn till dusk. Ëû´ÓÌìÁÁ¹¤×÷µ½ÌìºÚ. * It's almost dawn. Ìì²î²»¶àÒªÁÁÁË. 2 (fig ±ÈÓ÷) beginning; first signs of sth ¿ªÊ¼; ¿ª¶Ë; ·¢¶Ë: the dawn of hope, love, intelligence, civilization Ï£Íû¡¢ °®Çé¡¢ ÖÇÁ¦¡¢ ÎÄÃ÷µÄ¿ª¶Ë * the dawn of a new age ÐÂʱ´úµÄÊï¹â. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) the crack of dawn => crack1. dawn chorus sound of birds singing in the early morning Ç峿µÄÄñÌäÉù. dawn / dR:n; dRn/ v 1 [I] (often with it as subject ³£ÓÃit×÷Ö÷Óï) begin to grow light ÆÆÏþ: It was dawning as we left. ÎÒÃÇÀ뿪ʱÌ쿪ʼÁÁÁË. * When day dawned, we could see the damage the storm had caused. ÌìÁÁʱ, ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½·ç±©Ôì³ÉµÄÔÖº¦. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb) gradually become clear to sb's mind; become evident (to sb) £¨Ä³ÈË£©Öð½¥Ã÷°×: It finally dawned (on me) that he had been lying. ×îáᣨÎÒ£©²ÅÃ÷°×ËûÒ»Ö±ÔÚÈö»Ñ. * The truth began to dawn on him. Ëû¿ªÊ¼ÅªÃ÷°×ÕæÏà. Boxing Day / 5bCksIN deI; `bBksIN9de/ the first weekday after Christmas Day ½ÚÀñÈÕ£¨Ê¥µ®½ÚÖ®ááµÄµÚÒ»¸öÖÜÈÕ£©. day / deI; de/ n 1 (a) [U] time between sunrise and sunset °×Ìì; ÈÕ¼ä: He has been working all day. ËûÕûÌ춼ÔÚ¹¤×÷. * When I woke up, it was already day. ÎÒÐÑÀ´Ê±ÒÑÊÇ°×Ìì. (b) [C] period of 24 hours Ò»Ìì; Ò»ÖçÒ¹: There are seven days in a week. Ò»ÖÜÓÐÆßÌì. * I saw Tom three days ago. ÎÒÈýÌìÇ°¼û¹ýÌÀÄ·. * I shall see Mary in a few days' time, ie a few days from now. ÎÒ¼¸Ììáá¾ÍÄܼûµ½ÂêÀö. * `What day of the week is it?' `It's Monday.' £à½ñÌìÐÇÆÚ¼¸?£§£à½ñÌìÐÇÆÚÒ».£§ =>App 5 ¼û¸½Â¼5. (c) [C] hours of the day when one works Ò»Ì칤×÷µÄʱ¼ä; ¹¤×÷ÈÕ: I've done a good day's work. ÎÒÒÑ×öÍê×ã×ãÒ»ÌìµÄ¹¤×÷. * Have you had a hard day at the office? Äã½ñÌìÔڰ칫ÊÒÊÇ·ñæµÃ²»¿É¿ª½»? * Her working day is seven hours. ËýÒ»Ì칤×÷ÆßСʱ. * The employees are demanding a six-hour day and a five-day week. ¹ÍÔ±ÒªÇóÿÈÕ¹¤×÷ÁùСʱ, ÿÖܹ¤×÷ÎåÌì. 2 days [pl] specified time; period ij¶Îʱ¼ä; ʱÆÚ; ʱ´ú: in his younger days ÔÚËûµÄÄêÇáʱ´ú * I was much happier in those days, ie at that time. ÎÒÔÚÄÇʱÆÚ¿ìÀֵöà. * in the days of Queen Victoria ÔÚά¶àÀûÑÇÅ®Íõʱ´ú * in days of old/in the old days, ie in former times ÎôÈÕ. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) all in a day's `work part of the normal routine ÿÈÕ³£¹æµÄÒ»²¿·Ö; ÈÕ³£¹¤×÷: Injecting animals is all in a day's work for a vet. ¸ø¶¯Îï×¢ÉäÊÇÊÞÒ½µÄÈÕ³£¹¤×÷. at the end of the day => end1. break of day => break2. by day/night during daylight hours/after dark °×Ìì; ÈÕ¼ä[Ò¹¼ä; ÌìºÚáá]: The fugitives travelled by night andrested by day. ÌÓÍöÕßÒ¹ÐжøÖç·ü. call it a day => call2.carry/win the `day (infml ¿Ú) be successful against sb/sth ³É¹¦; »ñʤ: Despite strong opposition, the ruling party carried the day. Ö´Õþµ³¾¡¹ÜÔ⵽ǿÁÒ·´¶Ô, »¹ÊÇ»ñʤÁË. clear as day => clear1. day after `day for many days; continuously ÈÕ¸´Ò»ÈÕ; ¶àÈÕ; Á¬ÐøµØ: Day after day she waited in vain for him to telephone her. ÈÕ¸´Ò»ÈÕ, ËýͽÀ͵صȴýËûµÄµç»°. the day after to`morrow ááÌì: If today is Wednesday, the day after tomorrow will be Friday. ½ñÌìÒªÊÇÐÇÆÚÈý, ááÌì¾ÍÊÇÐÇÆÚÎå. the day before `yesterday Ç°Ìì: If today is Wednesday, the day before yesterday was Monday. ½ñÌìÒªÊÇÐÇÆÚÈý, Ç°Ìì¾ÍÊÇÐÇÆÚÒ». day by `day as time goes by Ò»ÌìÒ»ÌìµØ; ÖðÈÕ: Day by day she learnt more about her job. ËýÈÕÒæÁ˽â×Ô¼ºµÄ¹¤×÷ÁË. day `in, day `out every day without exception Ò»Ìì½ÓÒ»ÌìµØ; ÈÕ¸´Ò»ÈÕ; ÿÌì: Day in, day out, no matter what the weather is like, she walks ten miles. Ëý²»¹ÜÌìÆøÈçºÎ, ÿÌì×ÜÊDz»¼ä¶ÏµØ²½ÐÐʮӢÀï. a day of `reckoning (fml ÎÄ) time when wrongdoers will be punished ×ö»µÊµÄÈ˵õ½³Í·£µÄÈÕ×Ó: You're enjoying yourself now, but a day of reckoning will come. ±ð¿´ÄãÏÖÔÚåÐÒ£, ½«À´»áÔⱨӦµÄ. sb's/sth's days are `numbered sb/sth is soon going to die, fail, lose favour, etc ijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]¼´½«ËÀÍö¡¢ ʧ°Ü¡¢ ʧ³èµÈ; »î²»¾Ã; ÊÙÃü³¤²»ÁË: He has a serious illness, and his days are numbered. Ëû»¼Öز¡, ²»¾ÃÈËÊÀÁË. * This factory is no longer profitable, so its days are numbered, ie it will soon close. Õâ¼Ò¹¤³§×¬²»µ½Ç®ÁË, ºÜ¿ì¾ÍÒªµ¹±Õ. early days => early. end one's days/life => end2. every dog has his/its day => dog1. fall on evil days => evil. from day to `day; from ,one day to the `next within a short period of time ÔÚ¶Ìʱ¼äÄÚ: Things change from day to day. ÊÂÇéÒ»ÌìÒ»±ä. * You don't know what his mood will be from one day to the next. Õæ˵²»ÉÏËûµÄÇéÐ÷½ñÌìÔõÑùÃ÷ÌìÓÖÔõÑù. the good/bad old days => old. happy as the day is long => happy. have had one's `day be no longer successful, prosperous, powerful, etc ²»ÔÙ˳Àû¡¢ ÐËÍú¡¢ Ç¿´óµÈ: He was a great singer once but now he's had his day. ËûÔøÊǸöºì¸èÐÇ, µ«ÏÖÔڷ绪ÒÑÈ¥. * Colonialism has had its day, ie is over. Ö³ÃñÖ÷ÒåÒÑÈÕ±¡Î÷ɽ. have seen/known better days => better1. high days and holidays => high1. if he's, she's, etc a `day (in speaking of sb's age) at least £¨ÂÛijÈËÄêÁ䣩ÖÁÉÙ: He's eighty if he's a day! ËûÖÁÉÙ°ËÊ®ËêÁË! in all one's born days => born. in `this day and age nowadays ÏÖʱ´ú; µ±½ñ. in one's `day in one's lifetime; in a period of success, prosperity, power, etc Ò»Éú; ³É¹¦¡¢ ÐËÊ¢¡¢ Ç¿´óµÈµÄʱÆÚ; ¶¦Ê¢Ê±ÆÚ: In his day, he was a very influential politician. ËûÔÚ×ߺìʱÊǷdz£ÓÐÓ°ÏìÁ¦µÄÕþÖμÒ. * She was a great beauty in her day, ie when she was young. ËýÄêÇáʱÊǸö¾ø´úÃÀÈË. it's not sb's `day (infml ¿Ú) sb is especially unlucky ijÈËÌرð²»ÐÒÔË; µ¹Ã¹: My car broke down, then I locked myself out: it's just not my day! ÎÒµÄÆû³µ»µÁË, ÓÖ°Ñ×Ô¼ºËøÔÚÍâ±ß, Õ浹ù͸ÁË! make sb's `day (infml ¿Ú) make sb very happy ʹijÈ˷dz£¸ßÐË: If she wins, it'll make her day. ËýÒªÊÇÓ®ÁË, Ëý¾ÍÌ«¸ßÐËÁË. late in the day => late2. the livelong day/night => livelong. night and day => night. a ,nine days' `wonder person or thing that attracts attention for a short time but is soon forgotten ê¼»¨Ò»ÏÖµÄÈË»òÊÂÎï: As a pop star she was a nine days' wonder: she only made one successful record. ËýÊǸöê¼»¨Ò»ÏֵĸèÐÇ, ֻ¼ÖƹýÒ»ÕÅÊÜ»¶Ó­µÄ³ªÆ¬. `one day at a particular time in the future ½«À´Ä³Ò»Ìì; Óг¯Ò»ÈÕ: One day I'll get my revenge. Óг¯Ò»ÈÕÎÒÒª±¨³ð. one fine day => fine2. `one of these (fine) days soon ²»¾Ã: One of these days he'll realize what a fool he's been. ²»¾ÃËû¾Í»áÃ÷°×ËûÒ»Ö±ÊǶà÷áÓÞ´À. one of those `days an especially unpleasant or unlucky day Ìرð²»Óä¿ì»ò²»ÐÒµÄÈÕ×Ó: I've had one of those days: my train was late, and I lost my wallet. ÕâÒ»ÌìÎÒÕæ²»ÐÒ: »ð³µÍíµã, ÎÒÓÖ¶ªÁËÇ®°ü. the order of the day => rorder1. the other `day recently ×î½ü: I saw her (only) the other day. ÎÒ£¨¾Í£©ÔÚ×î½ü¼û¹ýËý. pass the time of day => pass2. peep of day => peep1. the present day => present1. a red-letter day => red1. Rome was not built in a day => build. salad days => salad. save, etc sth for a rainy day => rainy. `some day at some time in the future ËûÈÕ; ½«À´ÓÐÒ»Ìì: Some day I'll come back and marry her. ×ÜÓÐÒ»ÌìÎÒÒª»ØÀ´È¢Ëý. `that'll be the day (ironic ·´Óï) that's very unlikely ²»Ì«¿ÉÄÜ: `He says he'll do the washing-up.' `That'll be the day!' £àËû˵ËûҪϴÍë.£§£àûÄÇ÷á»ØÊÂ!£§ `these days nowadays Èç½ñ; µ±½ñ. ,this day `fortnight a fortnight from today Á½ÐÇÆÚááµÄ½ñÌì. ,this day `week a week from today Ò»ÐÇÆÚááµÄ½ñÌì. `those were the days that was a happier, better, etc time ÄÇÊǹýÈ¥µÄÐÒ¸£¡¢ ÃÀºÃµÈµÄÈÕ×Ó: Do you remember when we first got married? Those were the days! Ä㻹¼ÇµÃÎÒÃǸսá»éÄÇʱÂð? ÄÇʱ¶àÐÒ¸£! to the `day exactly Ò»Ì춼²»²î; ÕýºÃ: It's three years to the day since we met. ÎÒÃÇÕûÕûÈýÄêû¼ûÃæÁË. to this `day even now ÖÁ½ñ: To this day, I still don't know why she did it. ÖÁ½ñÎÒÈÔ²»Ã÷°×ËýΪʲ÷á¸ÉÄǼþÊÂ. turn night into day => night. day-book (commerce ÉÌ) n book for recording sales as they take place, before transferring them later to a ledger £¨×ªÈë×ÜÕÊ֮ǰµÄ£©ÈÕ¼ÇÕÊ, Á÷Ë®ÕÊ. day-boy, day-girl ns pupil who attends a boarding-school daily but sleeps at home £¨¼ÄËÞѧУÖеģ©×߶ÁÉú. daybreak n dawn ÆÆÏþ; ÀèÃ÷: We will leave at daybreak. ÎÒÃÇÔÚÀèÃ÷ʱ¶¯Éí. day care care for small children away from home, during the day ÈÕÍÐ: Day care is provided by the company she works for. Ëý¹¤×÷µÄÄǼҹ«Ë¾ÓÐÈÕÍÐ. * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a `day-care centre ÈÕÍÐÍжùËù. day-dream n idle and pleasant thoughts that distract one's attention from the present °×ÈÕÃÎ: She stared out of the window, lost in day-dreams. ËýÄýÊÓ´°Íâ, ÏÝÈë°×ÈÕÃÎÖÐ. v [I, Ipr] ~ (about sth) enjoy such thoughts ÏëÈë·Ç·Ç; ¿ÕÏë; »ÃÏë: He sat in the classroom, day-dreaming (about the holidays). Ëû×øÔÚ½ÌÊÒÀï»ÃÏëÖø£¨¶È¼Ù£©. day-long adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï], adv (lasting) for the whole day ÕûÌ죨µÄ£©; ÖÕÈÕ£¨µÄ£©. day nursery place where small children are looked after while their parents are at work ÈÕÍÐÍжùËù. day off day on which one does not have to work ÐÝÏ¢ÈÕ: I work from Tuesday to Saturday, and Sunday and Monday are my days off. ÎÒ´ÓÐÇÆÚ¶þµ½ÐÇÆÚÁù¹¤×÷, ÐÇÆÚÈÕºÍÐÇÆÚÒ»ÐÝÏ¢. day release system of allowing employees days off work for education ÍѲú½øÐÞ; ¸ø¼ÙÈô¸ÉÌìµ÷ѵÖÆ. day-return n return ticket (often at a reduced price) for passengers travelling both ways on the same day µ±ÈÕÍù·µÆ±£¨Æ±¼Û³£½ÏµÍ£©. day-room n room (in a hospital, hostel, etc) where residents can sit, relax, watch TV, etc during the day Ò½Ôº¡¢ ÕдýËùµÈÀïÃ湩ס¿Í°×ÌìÐÝÏ¢¿´µçÊӵȵķ¿¼ä. day-school n school attended daily by pupils living at home ÈÕУ; ×߶ÁѧУ. Cf ²Î¿´ boarding-school (board2). day shift (group of workers who work for a) fixed period during the day Èհࣨ¹¤ÈË£©. Cf ²Î¿´ night shift (night). daytime n [U] time between sunrise and sunset °×Ìì; ÈÕ¼ä: You hardly ever see owls in the daytime. °×Ì켸ºõ¿´²» µ½Ã¨Í·Ó¥. day-to-day adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] (a) planning for only one day at a time ÖðÈյģ¨Ã¿´ÎÖ»×÷Ò»ÌìµÄ¼Æ»®µÄ£©: I have organized the cleaning on a ,day-to-`day basis, until the usual cleaner returns. ÎÒÒÑ°²ÅÅÁËÇå½à¹¤»ØÀ´Ç°µÄÖðÈÕÇå½à¹¤×÷. (b) involving daily routine ÿÈÕ³£¹æ¹¤×÷µÄ: She has been looking after the ,day-to-day admini`stration. ËýÒ»Ö±ÔÚÕÕ¹ÜÈÕ³£µÄÐÐÕþ¹¤×÷. daylight / 5deIlaIt; `de9laIt/ n 1 [U] light during daytime ÈÕ¹â; °×Öç: The colours look different when viewed in daylight. ÔÚÈÕ¹âÏ¿´, ÑÕÉ«ÏԵò»Í¬. * I haven't seen your garden in daylight before. ÎÒÒÔÇ°»¹Ã»ÓÐÔÚ°×Ìì¿´¹ýÄãµÄ»¨Ô°ÄØ. * before daylight, ie before dawn ÌìÁÁÇ°; ÀèÃ÷Ç°. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) broad daylight => broad1. ,daylight `robbery (infml ¿Ú) charging too much Òª¼Û¹ý¸ß: Three pounds for two sandwiches? It's daylight robbery! Á½¸öÈýÃ÷ÖÎÒªÈý°÷? ¼òÖ±ÊÇÇÃÖñ¸Ü! see `daylight understand sth that was previously puzzling Àí½âÁËÔø¸Ðµ½À§»óµÄÊÂ: I struggled with the problem for hours before I saw daylight. Õâ¸öÎÊÌâÎÒ·ÑÁ˼¸Ð¡Ê±²ÅŪÃ÷°×. daylight saving [U] way of making darkness fall later during summer by making clocks show a later time on a date in spring ÈÕ¹â½ÚÔ¼; ÏÄÁîʱ. daylight saving time (US also `daylight time) period when this is in effect ʵÐÐÏÄÁîʱµÄÆÚ¼ä. Cf ²Î¿´ summer time (summer). daylight / 5deIlaIt; `de9laIt/ n 1 [U] light during daytime ÈÕ¹â; °×Öç: The colours look different when viewed in daylight. ÔÚÈÕ¹âÏ¿´, ÑÕÉ«ÏԵò»Í¬. * I haven't seen your garden in daylight before. ÎÒÒÔÇ°»¹Ã»ÓÐÔÚ°×Ìì¿´¹ýÄãµÄ»¨Ô°ÄØ. * before daylight, ie before dawn ÌìÁÁÇ°; ÀèÃ÷Ç°. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) broad daylight => broad1. ,daylight `robbery (infml ¿Ú) charging too much Òª¼Û¹ý¸ß: Three pounds for two sandwiches? It's daylight robbery! Á½¸öÈýÃ÷ÖÎÒªÈý°÷? ¼òÖ±ÊÇÇÃÖñ¸Ü! see `daylight understand sth that was previously puzzling Àí½âÁËÔø¸Ðµ½À§»óµÄÊÂ: I struggled with the problem for hours before I saw daylight. Õâ¸öÎÊÌâÎÒ·ÑÁ˼¸Ð¡Ê±²ÅŪÃ÷°×. daylights / 5deIlaIts; `de9laIts/ n [pl] (idm Ï°Óï) beat/knock the (living) daylights out of sb (infml ¿Ú) beat sb very severely ºÝ´òijÈË: If I catch you stealing again, I'll beat the daylights out of you! ¼ÙÈçÔÙÈÃÎÒ´þÖøÄã͵¶«Î÷, ¿´ÎÒÔõ÷á×áÄã! frighten/scare the (living) daylights out of sb (infml ¿Ú) frighten sb very much ʹijÈ˷dz£¾ª¿Ö. dog days / 5dCgdeIz; ?@ 5dR:g; `dR^ 9dez/ hottest period of the year (July and August) Ò»ÄêÖÐÌìÆø×îÈȵÄʱÆÚ£¨ÆßÔºͰËÔ£©; Èý·üÌì. daze / deIz; dez/ v [Tn usu passive ͨ³£ÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] (a) make (sb) confused and unable to react properly ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©ÃÔÂÒ¶ø²»ÄÜ×ö³öÕýÈ··´Ó¦; ʹãȻ: dazed with drugs ÔÚÂé×í¼ÁÓ°ÏìÏÂÉñÖ¾²»Çå * The blow on the head dazed him for a moment. ËûÍ·ÉÏÊÜÁËÒ»»÷áá¾Í»èÑ£ÁËƬ¿Ì. (b) surprise and bewilder (sb) ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©¾ªÆæÓëÃÔ»ó: I was dazed by her sudden offer. ËýͻȻÌá³ö´ËÊÂ, ÎҸе½¾ªÆæ¶ø²»ÖªËù´ë. daze n (idm Ï°Óï) in a daze in a confused state ´¦ì¶Ã£È»×´Ì¬: I've been in a complete daze since hearing the sad news. ÎÒÌýµ½ÄÇ»µÏûÏ¢, һֱȫȻ²»ÖªËù´ë. dazed / deIzd; dezd/ adj: a dazed look, manner, etc ãȻµÄÉñ̬¡¢ ¾ÙÖ¹µÈ. dazzle / 5dAzl; `dAzl/ v [Tn usu passive ͨ³£ÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] (a) blind (sb) briefly with too much light, brilliance, etc £¨ÒòÇ¿¹â¡¢ ÉÁ˸µÈ£©Ê¹£¨Ä³ÈË£©Ä¿Ñ£, ÑÛ»¨çÔÂÒ: I was dazzled by his headlights. ËûµÄ³µÍ·µÆÕÕµÃÎÒÄ¿Ñ£. (b) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) impress (sb) greatly through splendour, ability, etc ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©ÔÞÐí, ³ÆÆæ: He was dazzled by her beauty and wit. Ëý´ÏÃ÷òÃÀʹËûΪ֮Éñ»êµßµ¹. dazzle n [U] splendour; brilliance ׳Àö; ¹â»Ô: all the dazzle of the circus ÂíÏ·ÍÅËù¼ûÖ®¹â¹Ö½Àë. dazzling adj: a dazzling display of sporting skill Ô˶¯¼¼Çɵľ«Õ¿±íÑÝ. dB abbr Ëõд = decibel(s). DBE / 9di: bi: 5i:; 9di bi i/ abbr Ëõд = (Brit) Dame Commander (of the Order) of the British Empire Ó¢µÛ¹ú¸ß¼¶Å®Ñ«¾ôÊ¿; Ó¢µÛ¹ú¾ô¼¶Ë¾ÁîÑ«ÏÎ: be made a DBE »ñ·âÓ¢µÛ¹ú¸ß¼¶Å®Ñ«¾ôÊ¿ * Dame Susan Peters DBE ËÕɺ¡¤±ËµÃ˹ӢµÛ¹ú¸ß¼¶Å®Ñ«¾ôÊ¿. Cf ²Î¿´ CBE, KBE, MBE. DC / 9di: 5si:; 9di `si/ abbr Ëõд = 1 (music Òô) repeat from the beginning (Italian da capo) ´ÓÍ·ÔÙ×ࣨԴ×ÔÒâ´óÀûÎÄda capo£©. 2 District of Columbia ¸çÂ×±ÈÑÇÌØÇø: Washington, DC ÃÀ¹úÊ׶¼»ªÊ¢¶Ù. 3 (also dc) direct current (direct1). Cf ²Î¿´ AC. DD / 9di: 5di:; 9di `di/ abbr Ëõд = Doctor of Divinity Éñѧ²©Ê¿: have/be a DD ÓÐÉñѧ²©Ê¿Ñ§Î»[ΪÉñѧ²©Ê¿] * Colin Green DD ¿ÆÁÖ¡¤¸ñÁÖÉñѧ²©Ê¿. DDT / 9di: di: 5ti:; 9di di `ti/ abbr Ëõд = dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (a colourless chemical that kills insects and is also harmful to animals) µÎµÎÌé; ¶þÂȶþ±½»ùÈýÂÈÒÒÍé. creme de la creme / 9krem dE lB: 5krem; 9krZmdEla`krZm/ n the creme de la creme (French ·¨) = cream 4. de- pref ǰ׺ (with vs and related adjs, advs and ns Ó붯´Ê¡¢ ÐÎÈÝ´Ê¡¢ ¸±´Ê¡¢ Ãû´Ê½áºÏ) 1 opposite or negative of ...µÄ·´Òå»ò·ñ¶¨: defrost * decentralization. 2 removal of ³ýµô...: defuse * derailment. de facto / 9deI 5fAktEU; de`fAkto/ (Latin À­) existing in actual fact, whether rightly or not ʵ¼ÊÉÏ´æÔڵģ¨²»ÂۺϷ¨Óë·ñ£©: a de facto ruler, government, right ʵ¼ÊÉÏ´æÔÚµÄͳÖÎÕß¡¢ Õþ¸®¡¢ ȨÀû * Though his kingship was challenged, he continued to rule de facto. ËäÈ»Ëû×ö¹úÍõµÄÉí·ÖΪÈËÚ¸²¡, µ«ËûÈÔ´óȨÔÚÎÕ. Cf ²Î¿´ de jure. de jure / 9deI 5dVUErI; de`dVJrI/ (Latin À­) by right; according to law ¸ù¾ÝȨÀû; ¸ù¾Ý·¨ÂÉ; ·¨ÂÉÉÏ: the de jure king ºÏ·¨µÄ¹úÍõ * be king de jure ÒÀ·¨»ñµÃÍõλ. Cf ²Î¿´ de facto. de luxe / dE5lQks, also -5lUks; dI`lQks, -`lJks/ adj [esp attrib ÓÈ×÷¶¨Óï] of a very high quality, high standard of comfort, etc ¸ßÖÊÁ¿µÄ; ºÀ»ªµÄ: a de luxe hotel, car, bed ÊæÊʵÄÂùݡ¢ Æû³µ¡¢ ´² * the de luxe edition of a book, eg with a special leather binding ÊéµÄ¾«×°±¾. de rigueur / dE rI5g\:(r); dErI`^[/ (French ·¨) required by etiquette or custom °´ÕÕÀñÒÇ»ò·çË×ËùÒªÇóµÄ: Evening dress is de rigueur at the Casino. ÔڶIJ©ÓéÀÖ³¡Òª´©ÍíÀñ·þ. de trop / dE5trEU; dE`tro/ adj [pred ×÷±íÓï] (French ·¨) not wanted; unwelcome ²»ÐèÒª; ÎÞÓÃ; ²»ÊÜ»¶Ó­: Their intimate conversation made me feel de trop. ËûÃÇÇ×Çн»Ì¸, ʹÎҸе½×Ô¼ºÊǸö¶àÓàµÄÈË. hors de combat / 9R: dE 5kCmbB:; `RrdE`kBmbB/ (French ·¨) unable to continue fighting because one is wounded ÒòÊÜÉ˶ø²»ÄܼÌÐøÕ½¶·µÄ; ɥʧս¶·Á¦µÄ: (fig ±ÈÓ÷) I can't play you at squash this week I'm hors de combat with a twisted ankle. ±¾ÐÇÆÚÎÒ²»ÄܺÍÄã´ò±ÚÇòÁË--ÎҵĽÅõ׍ÉËÁË. joie de vivre / 9VwB: dE 5vi:vrE; 9VwBdE`vivr/ (French ·¨) cheerful enjoyment of life Éú»îµÄÀÖȤ: full of joie de vivre ³äÂúÉú»îÀÖȤ. nom de plume / 9nCm dE 5plu:m; `nBmdE9plum/ n (pl noms de plume / 9nCm dE 5plu:m; nBmdE9plum/) (French ·¨) = pseudonym. piece de resistance / 9pjes dE re5zIstB:ns; ?@ -9rezI5stB:ns; pi9ZsdErE9zi`stBns/ n (pl pieces de resistance /,pjes dE-; pi9ZsdE-/) (French ·¨) (a) (esp of creative work) the most important or impressive item £¨ÓÈÖ¸´´ÔìÐԵŤ×÷£©Ö÷ÒªÏîÄ¿, µÃÒâÖ®×÷: The architect's piece de resistance was the City Opera House. Õâ뽨ÖþʦµÄ×îµÃÒâÖ®×÷ÊÇÊиè¾çÔº. (b) (at a meal) the most impressive (usu the main) dish1(2) £¨Ò»²ÍÖеģ©Ö÷²Ë. tour de force / 9tUE dE 5fR:s; 9tJrdE`fRrs/ (pl tours de force / 9tUE dE5fR:s; 9tJrdE`fRrs/) (French ·¨) outstandingly skilful performance or achievement ¾ø¼¼; ׳¾Ù; ½Ü×÷. de-escalate / 9di: 5eskEleIt; di`ZskE9let/ v [Tn] reduce the level or intensity of (a war, the arms race, etc) ʹ£¨Õ½Õù¡¢ ¾ü±¸¾ºÈüµÈ£©½µ¼¶. de-escalation / di: 9eskE-5leIFn; di9ZskE`leFEn/ n [U]. de-ice / 9di: 5aIs; di`aIs/ v [Tn] remove ice from or prevent ice forming on (sth) ³ýÈ¥£¨Ä³ÎÉϵıù; ·ÀÖ¹£¨Ä³ÎµÄ±íÃæ½á±ù: de-ice a windscreen ³ýÈ¥µ²·ç²£Á§Éϵıù. de-icer n [C, U] substance put on a surface, esp by spraying, to remove ice or stop it forming ³ý±ù¼Á£¨ÓÈÖ¸Åç¼Á£©. deacon / 5di:kEn; `dikEn/ n 1 (in Christian churches with ordained priests, eg the Church of England) minister ranking below a priest £¨ÓÐίÈÎÄÁʦµÄ»ù¶½½Ì»á, ÈçÓ¢¹ú¹ú½ÌÊ¥¹«»áÖеġ¡»áÀô. 2 (in nonconformist churches) lay person who deals with church business affairs £¨ÔÚÓ¢¹ú²»´Ó¹ú½ÌÅɽ̻áÖеģ©Ö´ÊÂ, Öú¼À. deaconess / 9di:kE5nes, also 5di:kEnIs; dikEnIs/ n woman with duties similar to those of a deacon ÈÎÉÏÏîÁ½ÒåÖ°ÔðµÄÅ®×Ó; Å®»áÀô; ŮִÊÂ; Å®Öú¼À. dead / ded; dZd/ adj 1 (a) no longer alive ËÀµÄ: a dead person, animal ËÀµÄÈË¡¢ ¶¯Îï * dead flowers, cells µòлµÄ»¨¡¢ ËÀµÄϸ°û * The tiger fell dead. ÀÏ»¢µ¹µØËÀÈ¥. (b) never having been alive; inanimate ÎÞÉúÃüµÄ; ÎÞÉúÆøµÄ: dead matter, eg rock ÎÞÉúÃüµÄÎïÖÊ£¨ÈçÑÒʯ£©. 2 (a) without movement or activity Î޻µÄ: The town is dead now the mine has closed. Òò¿ó¾®ÒѹرÕ, ÕòÉÏһƬËÀÆø³Á³Á. * in the dead hours of the night, ie when everything is quiet ÔÚÒ¹ÉîÈ˾²Ê±. (b) (infml ¿Ú) without interest and liveliness; dull ÎÞȤµÄ; ÎÞÉúÆøµÄ; ´ôÖ͵Ä: What a dead place this is! ÕâµØ·½¶àûÒâ˼! * The acting was rather dead. ±íÑÝÊ®·Ö·¦Î¶. 3 no longer used, effective, valid, etc ²»ÔÙʹÓõġ¢ ÒÑÎÞ×÷Óõġ¢ ÒÑʧЧµÄµÈ: This debate is now dead. ±çÂÛÏÖÒѹýÈ¥. * My love for him is dead. ÎÒ²»ÔÙ°®ËûÁË. * a dead language, eg Latin ËÀµÄÓïÑÔ£¨ÈçÀ­¶¡Ó. 4 (a) numb from cold, anaesthetic, etc ¶³½©µÄ; ÂéľµÄ: My dead fingers could not untie the knot. ÎÒµÄÊÖÖ¸ÂéľÁË, ½â²»¿ª½á. (b) [pred ×÷±íÓï] ~ to sth not feeling (pity, guilt, etc) ÎÞ¶¯ì¶ÖÔ; Î޸оõ: He was dead to all feelings of shame. ËûÌñ²»Öª³Ü. 5 [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] complete; absolute È«È»µØ; ÍêÈ«µØ: dead calm, silence, etc ËÀÒ»°ãµÄƽ¾²¡¢ ³Á¼ÅµÈ * come to a dead stop, ie stop suddenly ÃÍȻͣס * dead centre, ie exact centre ÕýÖÐÐÄ * a dead shot, ie a person who shoots very accurately ÉñǹÊÖ * a dead sleep, ie a very deep sleep Êì˯ * He's a dead cert/certainty for (ie He will certainly win) the 100 metres. ËûÎÈÄðÙÃ×µÚÒ». 6 that does, can or will no longer function ²»£¨ÄÜ£©ÔÙÆð×÷ÓõÄ: a dead match, ie one that has been struck ÒѲÁ¹ýµÄ»ð²ñ * a dead battery, ie one without power ûµçµÄµç³Ø * The telephone went dead, ie produced no more sounds. µç»°Ã»ÉùÁË. 7 [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] (a) (of sounds) not resonant; dull £¨Ö¸ÉùÒô£©ÎÞ¹²ÃùµÄ, ³ÁÃƵÄ: It fell with a dead thud. ËüÅéµÄÒ»Éùµ¹ÁËÏÂÀ´. (b) (of colours) not brilliant £¨Ö¸ÑÕÉ«£©²»ÏÊÑÞµÄ: The walls were a dead brown colour. ǽÊÇ°µºÖÉ«µÄ. 8 (sport Ìå) (a) (of a ball) outside the playing area £¨Ö¸Çò£©½çÍâµÄ, ËÀµÄ. (b) (of the ground) tending to make balls rolling on it stop quickly £¨Ö¸³¡µØ£©£¨¶ÔÇòµÄ¹ö¶¯£©×èÁ¦´óµÄ: Rain had made the pitch rather dead. ³¡µØÒòÓê¶ø×èÁ¦Ôö´ó. 9 (idm Ï°Óï) be a dead ringer for sb (sl Ùµ) be very like sb in appearance ÍâòÉϺÜÏñijÈË: She's a dead ringer for a girl I used to know. Ëý¿áËÆÒÔÇ°ÎÒÈÏʶµÄÒ»¸öÅ®º¢. be the dead spit of sb (infml ¿Ú) look exactly like sb else ¼«ÏñijÈË. cut sb dead pretend not to have seen sb; refuse to greet sb ×°Öøû¿´¼ûijÈË; ¾Ü²»ÏòijÈË´òÕкô. (as) ,dead as a/the `dodo (infml ¿Ú) no longer effective, valid, interesting, etc ÒÑÎÞ×÷Óõġ¢ ÒÑʧЧµÄ¡¢ ²»ÔÙÎüÒýÈË×¢ÒâµÄµÈ: This organization is as dead as a dodo. Õâ¸ö×éÖ¯ÒѲ»¸´´æÔÚ. (as) ,dead as a `doornail/as `mutton (infml ¿Ú) quite dead ÍêÈ«ËÀÁ˵Ä: It lay there with its eyes closed, dead as a doornail. ËüÌÉÔÚÄÇÀïÑÛ¾¦±ÕÖø, ȷʵËÀÁË. a dead `duck (infml ¿Ú) scheme, etc which has been abandoned, or will fail ±»·ÅÆúµÄ»ò½«Ê§°ÜµÄ¼Æ»®µÈ: The plan is a dead duck: there's no money. ¼Æ»®¸æ´µÁË: ûÓÐÇ®. a dead `end (a) = cul-de-sac. (b) point at which one can make no further progress in work, an enquiry, etc ¹¤×÷¡¢ ²éѯµÈ²»ÄÜÔÙ½øÕ¹µÄ½×¶Î: be at/come to a dead end ÏÝÈ뽩¾Ö * With the failure of the experiment, we had reached a dead end. ÊÔÑéʧ°ÜÁË, ÎÒÃÇÒ»³ïĪչ. * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a ,dead-end `job/ca`reer, ie one that offers no prospect of promotion ÎÞ½úÉýÏ£ÍûµÄ¹¤×÷[Ö°Òµ]. the dead hand of sth oppressive influence of sth ijÊÂÎïµÄ¶ñÁÓÓ°Ïì; Á÷¶¾: The dead hand of bureaucracy is slowing our progress. ¹ÙÁÅÖ÷ÒåµÄÁ÷¶¾ÍÏÂýÁËÎÒÃǵĽø²½. a dead `letter (a) rule or law that is generally ignored ±»ÆÕ±éºöÊӵĹæÕ»ò·¨ÂÉ. (b) outdated custom, issue or topic ¹ýʱµÄÏ°Ëס¢ ÂÛµã»ò»°Ìâ: Many people say that detente is now a dead letter. ºÜ¶àÈË˵»ººÍ¹ú¼Ê½ôÕžÖÊƵÄÂÛµ÷ÒÑÊÇÃ÷Èջƻ¨. (c) letter kept by the post office because they cannot find either the person to whom it was sent or the person who sent it ËÀÐÅ£¨ÎÞ·¨Í¶µÝµÄÐżþ£©. a dead `loss (sl Ùµ) person or thing of no help or use to anyone ¶ÔË­¶¼ÎÞÓõÄÈË»òÎï: This pen is a dead loss: it just won't write properly. ÕâÖ¦±ÊûÓÃÁË: ÊéдºÜ²»Á÷³©. ,dead men ,tell no `tales (saying Ñè) if a person is killed he cannot cause difficulties by revealing sth that one does not wish to be known ËÀÈ˲»»áйÃÜ. ,dead men's `shoes job that one takes over from sb who has left unexpectedly or died ´ÓͻȻÀ뿪»òÈ¥ÊÀµÄijÈËÊÖÖнӹýÀ´µÄ¹¤×÷: She got early promotion by stepping into dead men's shoes. ËýÒò²¹È±¶øµÃÒÔÌáÔç½úÉý. ,dead to the `world fast asleep Êì˯. ,dead `wood useless or unneeded people, material, papers, etc ÎÞÓõĻò²»ÐèÒªµÄÈË¡¢ ²ÄÁÏ¡¢ ÎļþµÈ: There is too much dead wood among the teaching staff. ½ÌʦÖÐʬλËزÍÕßÖÚ. * The new manager wants to cut out the dead wood and streamline production. о­ÀíÏ뾫¼ò»ú¹¹ÒÔÌá¸ßÉú²úЧÂÊ. drop dead => drop2. flog a dead horse => flog. in a dead `faint completely unconscious Íêȫʧȥ֪¾õ. over my dead `body (used to express one's strong opposition to sth ÓÃÒÔ±íʾ¶ÔijÊÂÎïµÄÇ¿ÁÒ·´¶Ô): They'll demolish this house over my dead body. ÎÒËÀÒ²²»ÈÃËûÃDzðÕâËù·¿×Ó. * `I'm going out.' `Over my dead body!' £àÎÒÒª³öÈ¥.£§£à³ý·ÇÎÒËÀÁË!£§ the quick and the dead => quick. wake the dead => wake1. wouldn't be seen `dead in, at, with, etc sth/doing sth (infml ¿Ú) would refuse to be in, at, with, etc sth ¾ø²»Éæì¶Ä³ÊÂÎï: That dress is so ugly I wouldn't be seen dead in it. ÄǼþÁ¬ÒÂȹÕæÄÑ¿´, ÎÒÄþËÀÒ²²»´©. * She wouldn't be seen dead jogging; she hates exercise. Ëý¾ÍÊDz»Ô¸Åܲ½; ËýÌÖÑáÔ˶¯. dead adv 1 completely; absolutely; thoroughly ÍêÈ«µØ; ¾ø¶ÔµØ; ³¹µ×µØ: dead tired/drunk ¼«¶ÈÆ£¾ë[õ¤ôú´ó×í] * dead sure/certain ¾ø¶Ô¿Ï¶¨[ÎÞÒÉ] * dead level/straight ·Ç³£Æ½[Ö±] * You're dead right! ÄãÍêÈ«ÕýÈ·! * dead slow, ie as slowly as possible ¼«Âý * dead ahead, ie directly ahead ÕýÇ°·½ * be dead against (ie absolutely opposed to) sth ¼á¾ö·´¶ÔijÊÂÎï. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) ,dead `beat (infml ¿Ú) very tired; exhausted ¾«Æ£Á¦½ß; ½îÆ£Á¦¾¡. (be) ,dead `set against sb/sth (be) strongly opposed to sb/sth Ç¿ÁÒ·´¶ÔijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]. (be) dead set on sth (be) determined to do sth ¾öÐÄ×öijÊÂÎï: He's dead set on getting a new job. Ëû´ò¶¨Ö÷ÒâÒªÕÒ¸öй¤×÷. stop dead => stop1. dead n 1 the dead [pl v] those who have died ÒÑËÀµÄÈË: We carried the dead and (the) wounded off the battlefield. ÎÒÃÇ°ÑÉËÍöÕß̧³öÁËÕ½³¡. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) in the/at ,dead of `night in the quietest part of the night ÔÚÒ¹À»È˾²Ê±: We escaped at dead of night, when the guards were asleep. ÎÒÃÇÔÚÒ¹¾²ÎÀ±øÊì˯ʱÌÓÅÜÁË. in the ,dead of `winter in the coldest part of winter ÔÚ¡¶¬. dead-beat n (infml ¿Ú) person who has no job and no money and has lost the will to live an active life ʧҵ¶øÇî;Áʵ¹µÄÈË. dead heat result in a race when two competitors finish at exactly the same time Á½¸ö¾ºÈüÕßͬʱµ½´ïÖÕµãµÄ±ÈÈü³É¼¨. dead man's handle handle on an electric train that cuts off the power if it is released £¨µç¶¯»ú³µÖÐ×Ô¶¯ÇжϵçÔ´µÄ£©°²È«ÊÖ±ú. dead-pan adj expressionless ÎÞ±íÇéµÄ: a dead-pan face/look ÎÞ±íÇéµÄÁ³[Ä¿¹â] * dead-pan humour, ie when the speaker pretends to be very serious ÎÞ±íÇéµÄÓÄĬ£¨Ëµ»°È˹Ê×÷ÑÏËàÈÏÕ棩. dead reckoning calculation of one's position by log2(1) or compass (when visibility is bad) £¨µ±Äܼû¶ÈºÜµÍʱ£©¿¿²â³ÌÒÇ»òÂÞÅ̶¨Î»µÄ²â¶¨·¨. dead weight heavy lifeless mass ÖØÎï: The drunken man was a dead weight in my arms. Õâ¸ö×íººÔÚÎÒ»³ÀïËÀ³Á. deaden / 5dedn; `dZdn/ v 1 [Tn] lessen the force or intensity of (sth) ¼õµÍ£¨Ä³ÎµÄÁ¦Á¿»òÇ¿¶È: drugs to deaden the pain ÕòÍ´Ò© * My thick clothing deadened the blow. ÎҵĺñÒ¼õÇáÁË´ò»÷µÄÁ¦Á¿. * Your constant criticism has deadened their enthusiasm. Äã½Ó¶þÁ¬ÈýµØÅúÆÀ½µµÍÁËËûÃǵÄÈÈÇé. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb to sth make sb insensitive to sth ʹijÈ˶Ôijʵĸоõ³Ù¶Û: Unhappiness had deadened her to the lives of others. ËýÔâÓö²»ÐÒ, Òò¶ø¶Ô±ðÈ˵ÄÉú»îÒ²ÎÞ¶¯ì¶ÖÔ. deadline / 5dedlaIn; `dZd9laIn/ n point in time by which sth must be done ½Øֹʱ¼ä£¨±ØÐëÍê³ÉijÊÂÎïµÄÆÚÏÞ£©: meet, miss a deadline ÈçÆÚ¡¢ ³¬¹ýÆÚÏÞ * I have a March deadline for the novel, ie It must be finished by March. ÎÒÄDZ¾Ð¡Ëµ±ØÐëÔÚÈýÔÂÍê³É. deadlock / 5dedlCk; `dZd9lBk/ n [C, U] complete failure to reach agreement or to settle a quarrel or grievance ½©¾Ö: The negotiations have reached deadlock. ̸ÅÐÏÝÈ뽩¾Ö. * We can only make minor concessions, but it might break the deadlock, ie allow a compromise. ÎÒÃÇÖ»ÄÜ×öЩ½ÏСµÄÈò½, µ«Õâ¾Í¿ÉÄÜ´òÆƽ©¾Ö. deadly / 5dedlI; `dZdlI/ adj (-ier, -iest) 1 causing, or likely to cause, death £¨¿ÉÄÜ£©ÖÂÃüµÄ: deadly poison ¾ç¶¾ * deadly weapons ÖÂÃüµÄÎäÆ÷. 2 (fig ±ÈÓ÷) extremely effective, so that no defence is possible ¼«ÓÐЧµÄ£¨Òò¶øÎÞ·¨·ÀÓù£©: His aim is deadly, ie so accurate that he can kill easily. Ëûµ¯ÎÞÐé·¢. * She uses wit with deadly effect. Ëý´ÏÃ÷»úÖÇ, ʹÈËÄÑÒÔÕмÜ. 3 [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] filled with hate ³äÂú³ðºÞµÄ: They are deadly enemies. ËûÃÇÊÇËÀµÐ. 4 [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] like that of death ÈçËÀÒ»ÑùµÄ: deadly paleness, coldness, silence ËÀÒ»ÑùµÄ²Ô°×¡¢ ±ùÀä¡¢ ³Á¼Å. 5 [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] extreme ¼«¶ËµÄ; ·Ç³£µÄ: deadly seriousness ¼«ÆäÑÏËà * I'm in deadly earnest. ÎÒÊǷdz£ÈÏÕæµÄ. 6 (infml ¿Ú) very boring ÁîÈËÉúÑáµÄ: The concert was absolutely deadly. ÄÇÒôÀÖ»áÊ®·Ö¿ÝÔï. 7 (idm Ï°Óï) the (seven) deadly `sins serious sins that result in damnation ÊÜÉϵ۳ͷ£µÄ£¨Æߣ©´óÖØ×ï. deadly adv (a) as if dead ËÀÒ»ÑùµØ: deadly pale/cold ËÀÒ»ÑùµØ²Ô°×[±ùÀä]. (b) (infml ¿Ú) extremely ¼«¶ËµØ; ·Ç³£µØ: deadly serious, boring, dull, etc ·Ç³£ÑÏËà¡¢ ÎÞÁÄ¡¢ ·¦Î¶µÈ. deadliness n [U]. deadly nightshade poisonous plant with red flowers and black berries µßÇÑ. deaf / def; dZf/ adj (-er, -est) 1 unable to hear at all or to hear well ÁûµÄ: go deaf ±äÁû * be deaf in one ear Ò»Ö»¶úÁû * He's getting deafer in his old age. ËûÄê¼Í´óÁ˶ú¶äÔ½À´Ô½Áû. 2 [pred ×÷±íÓï] ~ to sth unwilling to listen to sth ¶ÔijÊÂÌý²»½ø: be deaf to all advice, requests, entreaties, etc ¶ÔÒ»ÇÐÈ°¸æ¡¢ ÒªÇó¡¢ ¿ÒÇóµÈ³ä¶ú²»ÎÅ. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) (as) ,deaf as a `post/`doorpost (infml ¿Ú) very deaf ·Ç³£ÁûµÄ. fall on deaf `ears be ignored or unnoticed by others ±»±ðÈ˺öÊÓ; ²»ÊÜ×¢Òâ: All her appeals for help fell on deaf ears. ËýÂÅÂÅÇóÖú¾ùÎÞÈËÀí»á. turn a deaf `ear (to sb/sth) refuse to listen (to sb/sth) ²»¿ÏÌýÈ¡£¨Ä³È˵Ļ°[ijÊÂÎï]£©; ¶Ô...³ä¶ú²»ÎÅ: She turned a deaf ear to our warnings and got lost. Ëý¶ÔÎÒÃǵľ¯¸æ³ä¶ú²»ÎÅ, ½á¹ûÃÔʧÁË·½Ïò. deaf n the deaf [pl v] deaf people ¶úÁûµÄÈË: television subtitles for the deaf ΪÁûÈË×öµÄµçÊÓ¶Ô°××ÖÄ». deafness n [U]. deaf-aid n small (usu electronic) device that helps a person to hear; hearing-aid ÖúÌýÆ÷. deaf-and-dumb unable to hear or speak ÁûÑƵÄ; ²»ÄÜÌý»ò˵µÄ: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a ,deaf-and-dumb `child ÁûÑƶù * the ,deaf-and-dumb `alphabet, ie in which signs made with the hands are used for letters or words ÁûÑÆÈËÓõÄ×Öĸ£¨ÒÔÊÖÊƱíʾ×Öĸ»ò´ÊÓïÕߣ©; ÁûÑÆÈËÊÖÓï. deaf mute person who is deaf and dumb ÁûÑÆÈË. deafen / 5defn; `dZfEn/ v [Tn] (a) make (sb) feel deaf or unable to hear sounds around him by making a very loud noise ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©¸Ðµ½Õð¶úÓûÁû: We're being deafened by next door's stereo. ¸ô±ÚµÄÁ¢ÌåÉùÒôÏìÒª°ÑÎÒÃǶú¶äÕðÁû. (b) make (sb) deaf ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©¶úÁû: The head injury deafened her for life. ËýÍ·²¿ÊÜÉËÒÔÖÂÖÕÉí¶úÁû. deafening adj very loud Õð¶úÓûÁûµÄ: deafening thunder Õð¶úÓûÁûµÄÀ×Éù * Please turn the radio down the noise is deafening. Çë°ÑÊÕÒô»úµÄÉùÒô¿ªÐ¡Ò»µã--ÉùÒô´óµÃÕð¶úÓûÁû. deafeningly adv: deafeningly loud Éù´óµÃÕð¶úÓûÁû. deal / di:l; dil/ n [U] (esp Brit) (planks of) fir or pine wood Àäɼľ»òËÉľ£¨µÄ°å£©: made of white deal °×ËÉľÖÆµÄ * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a deal table, floor, etc ɼľ×À¡¢ µØ°åµÈ. deal / di:l; dil/ n (idm Ï°Óï) a good/great deal (of sth) much; a lot ºÜ¶à; ´óÁ¿: spend a good deal of money »¨ºÜ¶àµÄÇ® * take a great deal of trouble ·ÑºÜ´óµÄÊ * be a great deal better ºÃ¶àÁË * see sb a great deal, ie often ³£¼ûijÈË. deal / di:l; dil/ v (pt, pp dealt/ delt; dZlt/) 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (out); ~ sth (to sb) distribute (cards) in a game £¨Ö½ÅÆÏ·ÖУ©·¢£¨ÅÆ£©: Whose turn is it to deal (the cards)? ¸ÃË­·¢£¨ÅÆ£©ÁË? * She dealt me four cards. Ëý·¢¸øÎÒËÄÕÅÅÆ. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) deal sb/sth a `blow; deal a blow to sb/sth (fml ÎÄ) (a) hit sb/sth ´ò»÷ijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: She dealt him a tremendous blow with the poker. ËýÓò¦»ð°ôÖØÖصشòÁËËûÒ»ÏÂ. (b) cause sb a setback, shock, etc ʹijÈËÊܵ½´ìÕÛ¡¢ Õ𾪵È: Her death dealt us a terrible blow. ËýÒ»ËÀ¶ÔÎÒÃÇ´ò»÷ºÜ´ó. deal well, badly, etc by/with sb (dated or fml ¾É»òÎÄ) treat sb well, etc ¶ÔijÈ˺ᢠ»µµÈ: He has always dealt well by me. ËûÒ»¹á¶ÔÎҺܺÃ. * You've been badly dealt with. ÄãÒ»Ö±Êܵ½Å°´ý. wheel and deal => wheel. 3 (phr v) deal in sth (a) sell sth; trade in sth ÂôijÎï; ¾­ÓªÄ³Îï: My bank deals in stocks and shares now. ÎÒÃÇÒøÐÐÏÖÔÚ¾­ÓªÕ®È¯Óë¹ÉƱ. * We deal in hardware but not software. ÎÒÃÇÖ»¾­ÓªÓ²¼þ¶ø²»¾­ÓªÈí¼þ. (b) (derog ±á) concern oneself with sth; indulge in sth æì¶Ä³ÊÂÎï; ³ÁÄçì¶Ä³ÊÂÎï: deal in gossip and slander, ie make a habit of gossiping about and slandering people ¹ß춰áŪÊǷǺͷ̰ù±ðÈË. deal sb in give cards to (a new player in a game) £¨Ö½ÅÆÏ·ÖУ©·¢ÅÆ£¨¸øвμÓÕߣ©. deal sth out give sth out to a number of people; distribute sth ½«Ä³Îï·Ö·¢¸øһЩÈË; ·Ö·¢Ä³Îï: The profits will be dealt out among the investors. ºìÀû½«·Ö·¢¸øͶ×ÊÕß. * The judge dealt out harsh sentences to the rioters. ·¨¹Ù¶Ô±©ÂÒÕß´¦ÒÔÑÏÐÌ. deal with sb tackle the problem or task set by sb; behave towards sb ´¦ÀíijÈËËùÌá³öµÄÎÊÌâ»òÈÎÎñ; ¶Ô´ý¡¢ ¶Ô¸¶Ä³ÈË: How would you deal with an armed burglar? ÄãÔõÑù¶Ô¸¶´³½øÀ´µÄ³ÖÓÐÎäÆ÷µÄÇ¿µÁ? * They try to deal politely with angry customers. ËûÃǾ¡Á¿¶Ô·¢Å­µÄ¹Ë¿Í±ò±òÓÐÀñ. deal with sb/sth have social, business, etc relations with sb ÓëijÈËÓÐÉç½»¡¢ ÉÌÒµµÈ¹Øϵ: I hate dealing with large impersonal companies. ÎÒÌÖÑáÓëÄÇЩûÓÐÈËÇéζµÄ´ó¹«Ë¾´ò½»µÀ. * We don't deal with (ie negotiate with) terrorists. ÎÒÃDz»Óë¿Ö²À·Ö×Ó´ò½»µÀ. deal with sth (a) attend to (a problem, task, etc); manage sth ´¦Àí£¨ÎÊÌâ¡¢ ÈÎÎñµÈ£©; ÁÏÀíijÊÂ: You dealt with an awkward situation very tactfully. ÄãºÜÇÉÃîµØ´¦ÀíÁËÒ»¸öÀ§ÄѵľÖÃæ. * Haven't you dealt with (ie replied to) that letter yet? ÄÇ·âÐÅÄã´ð¸²ÁËÂð? (b) take or have sth as a subject; discuss sth ÒÔijÊÂÎï×÷ΪÄÚÈÝ; ÌÖÂÛijÊÂÎï: The next chapter deals with verbs. ÏÂÒ»ÕÂÌÖÂÛ¶¯´Ê. * I'll deal with decimals in the next lesson. ÏÂÒ»ÌÿÎÎÒÒª½²Ð¡Êý. deal / di:l; dil/ n 1 agreement, esp in business, on certain terms for buying or doing sth ЭÒé; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©½»Ò×: to make/conclude/close/finalize a deal (with sb) £¨ÓëijÈË£©´ï³ÉÒ»±Ê½»Ò× * We did a deal with the management on overtime. ÔÚ¼Ó°àÎÊÌâÉÏÎÒÃÇÓë¹ÜÀí²¿ÃÅ´ï³ÉÒ»ÏîЭÒé. * They both wanted to use the car, so they did a deal, ie reached a compromise. ËûÃÇË«·½¶¼ÏëÓÃÕâÁ¾Æû³µ, Òò¶ø´ï³ÉÁËÕÛÖÔµÄЭÒé. * It's a deal! ie I agree to your terms. ÎÒͬÒâÄãµÄÌõ¼þ. * The deal fell through, ie No agreement was reached. ½»Ò׸洵. 2 (in games) distribution of playing-cards £¨Ö½ÅÆÏ·ÖУ©·¢ÅÆ: After the deal, play begins. ·¢ÍêÅÆÖ®áá, Ö½ÅÆÓÎÏ·¼´¿ªÊ¼. * It's your deal, ie your turn to deal the cards. ¸ÃÄã·¢ÅÆÁË. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) big deal! => big. a fair/square `deal fair treatment in a bargain ¹«Æ½½»Ò×: We offer you a fair deal on furniture, ie We sell it at fair prices. ÎÒÃÇÂô¼Ò¾ß¼ÛÇ®¹«µÀ. make the best of a bad deal => best3. a new deal => new. a raw/rough `deal (infml ¿Ú) unfair treatment ²»¹«Æ½µÄ´ýÓö: If she lost her job for being late once, she got a pretty raw deal. ËýÈôÖ»Òò³Ùµ½Ò»´Î¾ÍʧȥÁ˹¤×÷, ÕâÑù¶ÔËýδÃâÌ«²»¹«Æ½ÁË. dealer / 5di:lE(r); `dilL/ n 1 person who distributes playing-cards ·¢ÅÆÕß. 2 ~ (in sth) trader ÉÌÈË: a used-car dealer ¾É³µÉÌ * a furniture dealer ¼Ò¾ßÉÌ * a dealer in (ie sb who buys and sells) stolen goods ÂòÂôÔßÎïµÄÉÌÈË. dealer NOTE ON USAGE Ó÷¨: Dealers, traders and merchants are all people who earn money from selling goods. *dealers¡¢ traders¡¢ merchants¶¼ÊÇÒÔ³öÊÛ»õÎï׬ǮµÄÈË. 1 A trader works informally and casually selling household goods, etc, especially in a market *traderµÄ¹¤×÷ÊÇ·ÇÕýʽµÄ¼°ÁÙʱÐÔµÄ, ³öÊÛµÄÊÇÈÕÓðٻõµÈ, ÓÈÖ¸ÔÚÊг¡ÖгöÊÛÕß: a market/street trader Êг¡[×ß½Ö]ÉÌÈË. A trader can also be a company buying and selling internationally *trader»¹¿ÉÖ¸´Óʹú¼ÊóÒ׵Ĺ«Ë¾: The company is an international trader in grain. Õâ¼Ò¹«Ë¾Êǹú¼ÊÁ¸Ê³Ã³Ò×¹«Ë¾. 2 A merchant sells particular (often imported) goods in large quantities *merchantÊÇÖ¸´óÅúÁ¿³öÊÛijÖÖ£¨³£Îª½ø¿ÚµÄ£©»õÎïµÄÉÌÈË: He's a coal, wine, timber, tea, etc merchant. ËûÊǾ­ÓªÃº¡¢ ¾Æ¡¢ ľ²Ä¡¢ ²èµÈµÄÉÌÈË. 3 A dealer sells especially individual objects and has a specialized knowledge of these *dealerÊÇָרÃųöÊÛijÀàÎïÆ·, ²¢¶ÔÖ®ÓÐרҵ֪ʶµÄÉÌÈË: She's an antique, a used-car, etc dealer. ËýÊǾ­Óª¹Å¶­¡¢ ¾É³µµÈµÄÉÌÈË. Dealer is also used of someone who buys and sells illegally *dealer»¹¿ÉÖ¸×ö·Ç·¨ÂòÂôÕß: He's a dealer in drugs/stolen goods. ËûÊǸö¶¾Æ···×Ó[ÔôÔß··×Ó]. dealing / 5di:lIN; `dilIN/ n 1 [U] way of behaving, esp in business ×÷·ç; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©¾­Óª×÷·ç: Our company is proud of its reputation for fair dealing. ÎÒÃǹ«Ë¾ÒÔÏíÓо­Óª×÷·çÕýÅɵÄÃÀÓþ¶ø¸Ðµ½×ÔºÀ. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) have dealings (with sb) have relations (with sb), esp in business £¨ÓëijÈË£©ÓйØϵ£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÔÚÉÌÒµÉÏ£©: I'll have no further dealings with him. ÎÒÔÙ²»ºÍËû´ò½»µÀÁË. * We've had no previous dealings with this company. ÎÒÃÇÒÔÇ°ºÍÕâ¼Ò¹«Ë¾Ã»ÓÐÉÌÒµÍùÀ´. dealt pt, pp of deal3. dean / di:n; din/ n 1 clergyman who is head of a cathedral chapter ½Ì³¤£¨´ó½ÌÌýÌÊ¿ÖÐְλ×î¸ßÕߣ©; Ö÷ÈÎÄÁʦ. 2 (also ,rural `dean) (esp Brit) clergyman who is responsible for a number of parishes £¨ÏçÇøµÄ£©Ö÷ÈÎÄÁʦ£¨Ö÷¹ÜÈô¸ÉÄÁÇø£©. 3 (a) (in some universities) person who is responsible for discipline £¨ÔÚijЩ´óѧÖеģ©Ñ§¼à. (b) head of a university department of studies £¨´óѧµÄ£©ÏµÖ÷ÈÎ: dean of the faculty of law ·¨ÂÉϵϵÖ÷ÈÎ. 4 (US) = doyen. deanery / 5di:nErI; `dinErI/ n (a) office or house of a dean(1,2) ½Ì³¤¡¢ Ö÷ÈÎÄÁʦ»òÏçÇøÄÁʦµÄ°ì¹«ÊÒ»òסլ. (b) group of parishes under a rural dean ÏçÇøÖ÷ÈÎÄÁʦ¹ÜϽϵÄÈô¸ÉÄÁÇø. dear / dIE(r); dIr/ adj (-er, -est) 1 ~ (to sb) loved (by sb); greatly valued Ç×°®µÄ; ¼«ÎªÕä¹óµÄ: my dear wife ÎÒÇ×°®µÄÆÞ×Ó * his dearest possessions, friends Ëû×¹óµÄËùÓÐÎï¡¢ ÅóÓÑ * My daughter is very dear to me. ÎÒµÄÅ®¶ùÊÇÎҵı¦±´. * He lost everything that was dear to him. ËûʧȥÁË×Ô¼ºÕä°®µÄÒ»Çж«Î÷. 2 (used attributively with little and old to show fondness ×÷¶¨ÓïÓëlittle¼°oldÁ¬ÓñíʾÇ×êÇÖ®Òâ): What a dear little child! ¶à÷á¿É°®µÄº¢×Ó! * Dear old Paul! Ç×°®µÄ±£ÂÞ! 3 (used attributively as a form of address in letters, and politely or ironically in speech ¹Úì¶Ðź¯ÖеijÆν¼°ÓÃì¶ÑÔÓï, ÒÔʾÀñò»ò·í´Ì): Dear Sir/Madam ¾´ÆôÕß * Dear Mr Bond °îµÂÏÈÉų́¼ø * My dear fellow, surely you don't mean that! Ç×°®µÄÅóÓÑ, ÄǾö²»ÊÇÄãµÄ±¾Òâ°É! 4 [usu pred ͨ³£×÷±íÓï] (Brit) expensive °º¹ó: Clothes are getting dearer. Ò·þÔ½À´Ô½¹óÁË. * dear money, ie money on which a high rate of interest must be paid Ð븶¸ßÀûµÄÇ® * That shop is too dear for me, ie Its prices are too high. ¶ÔÎÒÀ´Ëµ, Õâ¼ÒÉ̵êµÄ¼Û¸ñÌ«¸ßÁË. 5 (idm Ï°Óï) close/dear/near to sb's heart => heart. for dear life vigorously or desperately (as if trying to save oneself from death) ÞÕÃüµØ: run, swim, pull, shout, argue for dear life ÞÕÃüµØÅÜ¡¢ ÓΡ¢ À­¡¢ º°¡¢ ÕùÂÛ. hold sb/sth `dear (rhet ÐÞ´Ç) cherish sb/sth; value sb/sth highly ϲ°®Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]; ¸ß¶ÈÖØÊÓijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: I said farewell to those I hold dear. ÎÒÏòÎÒËùϲ°®µÄÈËÃǵÀ±ð. * the ideals we hold dear ÎÒÃǼ«ÎªÕäϧµÄÀíÏë. one's nearest and dearest => near1. dear adv 1 at a high cost ¸ß¼ÛµØ; °º¹óµØ: If you want to make money, buy cheap and sell dear. ÒªÏë׬Ǯ¾ÍµÃ¼úÂò¹óÂô. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) cost sb dear => cost1. dear n 1 lovable person ¿É°®µÄÈË: Isn't that baby a dear? ¶à¿É°®µÄÓ¤¶ù°¡! * Thank you, you are a dear. ллÄã, ÄãÕæÊǺÃÈË. * Be a dear and (ie Please) give me that book. ×ö×öºÃÊÂ, °ÑÄDZ¾Êé¸øÎÒ°É. 2 (used to address sb one knows very well ÓÃÒԳƺô¼«ÊìϤµÄÈË): Yes, dear, I'll write to mother. ÊǵÄ, Ç×°®µÄ, ÎÒÒª¸øÂèÂèдÐÅ. * Come here, my dear. ÉÏÕâ¶ùÀ´, Ç×°®µÄ. dear interj (used in expressions of surprise, impatience, dismay, etc ÓÃÒÔ±íʾ¾ªÆæ¡¢ ²»ÄÍ·³¡¢ ¾ª¿ÖµÈ): Oh dear! I think I've lost it! Ôã¸â! ÎÒ¿ÉÄÜ°ÑËü¸ø¶ªÁË! * Dear me! What a mess! ÌìÄÄ! ÂÒ³Éʲ÷áÑù×ÓÁË! dearest / 5dIErIst; `dIrIst/ n (used to address sb one likes very much ÓÃÒԳƺô·Ç³£Ï²°®µÄÈË): Come, (my) dearest, let's go home. ºÃÀ², Ç×°®µÄ, ÔÛÃǻؼҰÉ. dearly adv 1 very much ·Ç³£µØ: He loves his mother dearly. Ëû¼«°®ËûµÄĸÇ×. * She would dearly like to get that job. Ëý·Ç³£ÏëµÃµ½ÄǷݹ¤×÷. 2 (fig rhet ±ÈÓ÷, ÐÞ´Ç) with great loss, damage, etc £¨Ëðʧ¡¢ Ë𻵵ȣ©¼«´óµØ: She paid dearly for her mistake, ie It caused her many problems. ËýΪ×Ô¼ºµÄ´íÎ󸶳ö¼«´ó´ú¼Û. * Victory was dearly bought, eg because many soldiers died. ʤÀûÀ´Ö®²»Ò×£¨ÈçÒòÎþÉüÁ˺ܶàÊ¿±ø£©. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) sell one's life dearly => sell. dearness n [U]. dearth / d\:W; d[W/ n [sing] ~ (of sth) shortage; scarcity ȱ·¦; Ï¡ÉÙ: There seems to be a dearth of good young players at the moment. Ä¿Ç°ËƺõºÃµÄÄêÇáÑ¡ÊÖÌ«ÉÙÁË. deary (also dearie) / 5dIErI; `dIrI/ n (infml ¿Ú) (used by an older person to a much younger one ³¤Õ߶ÔÄêÓ×ÕßÓÃ) dear(1); darling Ç×°®µÄ; ±¦±´¶ù. death / deW; dZW/ n 1 [C] dying or being killed ËÀ; ËÀÍö: Her death was a shock to him. ËýµÄËÀ¶ÔËûÊǸö´ò»÷. * There have been more deaths from drowning. ÄçË®ËÀÍöÈËÊýÓÐËùÔö¼Ó. * A bad driver was responsible for their deaths. ËûÃǵÄËÀÊǸö¼¼Êõ²»¼ÑµÄ˾»úÔì³ÉµÄ. 2 [U] end of life; state of being dead ÉúÃüµÄÖÕÖ¹; ËÀÍöµÄ״̬: Food poisoning can cause death. ʳÎïÖж¾¿Éµ¼ÖÂËÀÍö. * burn, starve, stab, etc sb to death, ie until he is dead °ÑijÈËÉÕËÀ¡¢ ¶öËÀ¡¢ ´ÌËÀµÈ * You're drinking yourself to death. ÄãÕâÑùºÈ¾Æ, ·ÇºÈËÀ²»¿É. * (usu joc ͨ³£×÷Ï·ÚÊÓï) Don't work yourself to death, ie Don't work too hard. ±ð°Ñ×Ô¼ºÀÛËÀ. * One mistake could mean death for him, ie could result in his being killed. Ò»¸ö´íÎó×ã¿ÉÖÃËûì¶ËÀµØ. * sentenced to death, ie to be executed ±»ÅÐËÀÐÌ * eyes closed in death ËÀáá±ÕºÏµÄË«ÑÛ * united in death, eg of a husband and a wife in the same grave ËÀááºÏÔᣨÈç·ò¸¾Í¬ÔáһĹ£©. 3 (also Death) [U] power that destroys life, pictured as a person ËÀÉñ: Death is often shown in pictures as a human skeleton. ËÀÉñ³£±»»­³É÷¼÷Ã. 4 [U] ~ of sth ending or destruction of sth ÖÕÖ¹; »ÙÃð: the death of one's plans, hopes, etc ¼Æ»®µÄÆƲú¡¢ Ï£ÍûµÄÆÆÃð * the death of capitalism ×ʱ¾Ö÷ÒåµÄÃðÍö. 5 (idm Ï°Óï) (be) at death's `door (often ironic ³£×÷·´Óï) so ill that one may die ²¡µÃÒªËÀ: Stop groaning! You're not at death's door! ±ðºßºßÁË! Ä㻹²»ÖÁì¶ËÀÄØ! (be) at the point of death => point1. be the death of sb (a) be the cause of sb's death ³ÉΪijÈËÖÂËÀµÄÔ­Òò: That motorbike will be the death of you. ÄÇÁ¾Ä¦Íгµ¾Í»áÒªÁËÄãµÄÃü. (b) (often joc ³£×÷Ï·ÚÊÓï) cause sb great worry ÒýÆðijÈ˼«´óÓÇÂÇ: Those kids will be the death of me, coming home so late every night. ÄÇЩº¢×ÓÕæ°ÑÎÒÆøËÀÁË, ÿÌìÕâ÷áÍí²Å»Ø¼Ò. be ,in at the `death be present when sth fails, comes to an end, etc Ä¿¶ÃijÊÂÎïʧ°Ü¡¢ ÖÕ½áµÈ: The TV cameras were in at the death and filmed the arrest. ½øÐдþ²¶Ê±ÕýºÃÓеçÊÓÉãÏñ»ú¼ÏÂÁËÕⳡÃæ. bore sb to death/tears => bore2. catch one's death => catch1. dice with death => dice. die the death => die2. ,do sth to `death perform (a play, a piece of music, etc) so often that people become tired of seeing or hearing it £¨¾ç±¾¡¢ ÀÖÇúµÈ£©ÆµÆµÑݳö¶øÁîÈ˸е½Ñá¾ë²»Ô¸ÔÙ¿´»òÔÙÌý: That idea's been done to death. ÄÇÖ÷ÒâÌýµÃÄåËÀÈËÁË. a fate worse than death => fate. flog sth to death => flog. frighten/scare sb to death/out of his wits => frighten. the kiss of death => kiss. like grim death => grim. a matter of life and death => matter1. put sb to death execute sb; kill sb ´¦ËÀijÈË; ɱËÀijÈË: The prisoner was put to death (by firing squad) at dawn.ÄÇÇô·¸ÔÚÀèÃ÷ʱ±»£¨ÐÐÐ̶ӣ©´¦¾ö. sick to death of sb/sth => sick. sudden death => sudden. tickled pink/to death => tickle. to the death until sb is dead Ö±ÖÁijÈËËÀÍö: a fight to the death Æ´µ½ËÀµÄ²«¶·. deathbed n bed in which a person is dying or dies ÁÙÖÕʱÎԵĴ²: He forgave her on his deathbed, ie as he lay dying. ËûÔÚÁÙÖÕʱԭÁÂÁËËý. * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a deathbed confession ÁÙÖÕµÄâã»Ú. death-blow n (a) blow that kills ÖÂÃüµÄ´ò»÷. (b) event, act, etc that destroys or puts an end to sth ʹijÊÂÎï»ÙÃð¡¢ ÖÕ½áµÄʼþ¡¢ Ðж¯µÈ: Losing the contract was a death-blow to the company. ʧȥÕâÒ»·ÝºÏͬµÄÉúÒâʹ¹«Ë¾Êܵ½ÖÂÃüµÄ´ò»÷. death certificate official form that states the cause and time of sb's death ËÀÍöÖ¤Ã÷Êé. death duty (Brit) (formerly) tax paid on property after the owner's death, now called capital transfer tax £¨¾Éʱ£©ÒŲúË°£¨ÏÖ³Æ×ʲúתÈÃË°£©. death-mask n cast2(2a) taken from the face of a person who has just died ´Ó¸ÕËÀµÄÈËÃ沿ÖÆÈ¡µÄÄ£ÐÍ. death penalty punishment of being executed for a crime ËÀÐÌ. death rate yearly number of deaths per 1000 people in a group ËÀÍöÂÊ£¨Ã¿Äêÿ1000ÈËÖеÄËÀÍöÈËÊý£©. death-rattle n rattling sound in the throat of a dying person ÁÙÖÕÇ°ºíÍ··¢³öµÄºôààÉù. death row (also death house) (US) group of prison cells for those condemned to death ËÀÇôµÄÀη¿. death's head human skull as an emblem of death ÏóáçËÀÍöµÄ÷¼÷ÃÍ·. death-toll n number of people killed (eg in a war or an earthquake) ËÀÍöÃûµ¥£¨ÈçÔÚÕ½Õù»òµØÕðÖУ©. death-trap n (a) place where many people have died in accidents ËÀÍöÏÝÚ壨Ôì³ÉÐí¶àÈËÔÚʹÊÖÐËÀÍöµÄµØ·½£©: That sharp bend is a death-trap for motorists. ÄǸö¼±×ªÍäÊÇ¿ªÆû³µµÄÈ˵ÄËÀÍöÏÝÚå. (b) place where many people could die (eg in a fire) ¿ÉʹÐí¶àÈËËÀÍöµÄµØ·½£¨Èç»ð³¡£©: The cars blocking the exits could turn this place into a death-trap. ÄÇЩÆû³µ¶Âס³ö¿ÚÄÜ°ÑÕâµØ·½±ä³ÉÔâÄѳ¡Ëù. death-warrant n 1 (a) written order that sb should be executed ËÀÐÌÖ´ÐÐÁî. (b) act, decision, etc that causes the end of sth ʹijÊÂÎïÖÕÖ¹µÄÐж¯¡¢ ¾ö¶¨µÈ: The tax is a death-warrant for small businesses. ½»Ë°ÊÇСÆóÒµµÄÖÂÃü¸ºµ£. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) sign sb's/one's own death-warrant => sign2. death-watch beetle small beetle whose larva bores into wood with a ticking sound ºìëÇÔ󼣨һÖÖС¼×³æ£©. death-wish n (often subconscious) desire for one's own or sb else's death £¨³£ÎªÇ±ÒâʶµÄ£©Ï£Íû×Ô¼º»òËûÈËËÀÍöµÄÏë·¨. deathless / 5deWlIs; `dZWlIs/ adj (fml ÎÄ) never to be forgotten; immortal ÓÀºãµÄ; ÓÀÉúµÄ; ²»ÐàµÄ: deathless fame, glory, etc ²»ÐàµÄÉùÓþ¡¢ ÈÙÓþµÈ * (ironic ·´Óï) The letter was written in his usual deathless (ie bad, unmemorable) prose. ËûÕâ·âÐÅÊÇÓÃÆäÍòÊÀ²»±äµÄ±Êµ÷д³ÉµÄ. deathlike / 5deWlaIk; `dZW9laIk/ adj like that of death ÏñËÀÒ»ÑùµÄ: a deathlike silence/paleness ËÀ¼Å[ËÀÑùµÄ²Ô°×]. deathly / 5deWlI; `dZWlI/ adj (-lier, -liest) like or suggesting death ËÀÒ»°ãµÄ; ÓÐËÀÍöº¬ÒåµÄ: a deathly stillness/hush/silence/pallor ËÀÒ»°ãµÄƽ¾²[¼Å¾²/²Ô°×]. deathly adv: deathly pale/cold ËÀÈËÒ»ÑùµØ²Ô°×[±ùÁ¹]. deb / deb; dZb/ n (infml ¿Ú) = debutante. debacle / deI5bB:kl; de`bBkl/ n (a) sudden and complete failure; fiasco ͻȻµÄ´óʧ°Ü; ²Ò°Ü: His first performance was a debacle: the audience booed him off the stage. ËûµÄÊ׳¡ÑݳöÒ»°ÜÍ¿µØ, ¹ÛÖÚ·¢³öÐêÉù°ÑËûºäÏÂÁĘ̈. (b) retreat by beaten troops who run away scared and in disorder °Ü¾üÔÚ»ÅÂÒÖеÄÀ£ÌÓ: Many men were shot or captured in the debacle. °Ü¾üÔÚÀ£ÌÓʱÓкܶàÈ˱»»÷±Ð»ò·ý². debar / dI5bB:(r); dI`bBr/ v (-rr-) [esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) (a) shut sb out (of a place) ½«Ä³ÈËÅųâÔÚ£¨Ä³µØÖ®£©Íâ: People in jeans were debarred (from the club). ´©Å£×пãµÄÈ˾ùδ׼½øÈ루¾ãÀÖ²¿£©. (b) prevent sb (from exercising a right, etc) ×èֹijÈË£¨ÐÐʹijÏîȨÀûµÈ£©: Convicted criminals are debarred from voting in elections. ÒÑÅÐÐ̵Ä×ï·¸¾ù±»ñݶáÑ¡¾ÙͶƱȨ. debark / dI5bB:k; dI`bBrk/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from sth) = disembark. debarkation / 9di:-bB:5keIFn; 9dibBr`keFEn/ n [U] = disembarkation. debase / dI5beIs; dI`bes/ v [Tn] 1 lower the quality, status or value of (sth) ½µµÍ£¨Ä³ÎïµÄ£©ÖÊÁ¿¡¢ µØλ»ò¼ÛÖµ: Sport is being debased by commercialism. ÌåÓýÔ˶¯µÄ¼ÛÖµÊÜÉÌÒµ»¯Ó°Ïì¶øÖð½¥Ï½µ. * You debase yourself by telling such lies. Äã˵ÕâЩ»Ñ»°¾Í½µµÍÁËÉí·Ö. 2 lower the value of (coins) by using less valuable metal in them ½µµÍ£¨Ó²±ÒµÄ£©¼ÛÖµ£¨¼õÉÙº¬¹ó½ðÊôµÄ³ÉÉ«£©. debasement n [U]. debatable / dI5beItEbl; dI`betEbl/ adj not certain; open to question; arguable ²»¿Ï¶¨µÄ; Óдý½â¾öµÄ; ¿ÉÕùÒéµÄ: It's debatable whether or not the reforms have improved conditions. ¸Ä¸ïÊÇ·ñ¸ÄÉÆÁËÏÖ×´, ÕâÎÊÌâÈÔÓÐÕùÒé. * a debatable point, claim, etc ÓÐÕùÂ۵Ĺ۵㡢 ÒªÇóµÈ. debatably / -blI; -blI/ adv. debate / dI5beIt; dI`bet/ n [C, U] (a) formal argument or discussion of a question, eg at a public meeting or in Parliament, with two or more opposing speakers, and often ending in a vote £¨ÕýʽµÄ£©±çÂÛ, ÌÖÂÛ£¨ÈçÔÚ¹«ÖÚ¼¯»á»òÒé»áÖÐ, ³£ÒÔ±í¾ö½áÊø£©: After a long debate, the House of Commons approved the bill. ¾­¹ý³¤Ê±¼äµÄ±çÂÛ, ÏÂÒéԺͨ¹ýÁËÒé°¸. * to open the debate, ie be the first to speak ¿ªÊ¼±çÂÛ£¨µÚÒ»¸ö·¢ÑÔ£© * the motion under debate, ie being discussed ÔÚ±çÂÛÖеĶ¯Òé. (b) argument or discussion in general £¨Ò»°ãÐԵģ©±çÂÛ, ÌÖÂÛ: After much debate, we decided to move to Oxford. ÎÒÃǾ­³ä·ÖÌÖÂÛ¾ö¶¨Ç¨ÍùÅ£½ò. * We had long debates at college about politics. ÎÒÃÇÉÏ´óѧʱÔø³¤Ê±¼äµØ±çÂÛÕþÖÎÎÊÌâ. * Her resignation caused much public debate. Ëý´ÇÖ°Ò»ÊÂÒýÆðȺÖÚÒéÂÛ·×·×. debate v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tw, Tg] ~ (about sth) have a debate(2) about (sth); discuss (sth) ¶Ô£¨Ä³Ê£©½øÐбçÂÛ; ÌÖÂÛ£¨Ä³Ê£©: What are they debating (about)? ËûÃÇÔÚ±çÂÛʲ÷á? * We're just debating what to do next. ÎÒÃÇÕýÌÖÂÛÏÂÒ»²½¸Ã×öʲ÷áÊÂ. * They debated closing the factory. ËûÃÇÕùÂÛÊÇ·ñ¹Ø±Õ¹¤³§. 2 [Tn, Tw, Tg] think (sth) over in order to decide ¿¼ÂÇ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎÒÔ¾ö¶¨: I debated it for a while, then decided not to go. ÎÒ·´¸²¿¼ÂÇáá¾ö¶¨²»È¥. * I'm debating where to go on holiday. ÎÒÔÚ×ÁÄ¥µ½ºÎ´¦¶È¼Ù. * He debated buying a new car, but didn't in the end. Ëû˼Á¿ºÜ¾ÃÊÇ·ñÂòÁ¾ÐÂÆû³µ, µ«×îáỹÊÇûÂò. debater n person who debates (debate 1) ±çÂÛµÄÈË. debauch / dI5bR:tF; dI`bRtF/ v [Tn] make (sb) act immorally by using bad influence ÓÕʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©×ö²»µÀµÂµÄÊÂ: He debauched (ie seduced) many innocent girls. ËûÓÕʹÐí¶àÇå°×µÄÅ®×Ó¶éÂäÁË. debauch n occasion of excessive drinking or immoral behaviour, usu involving several people ¿ñÒû»ò·Åµ´µÄ³¡ºÏ£¨Í¨³£ÓÐÊýÈ˲μӣ©: go on a drunken debauch ½øÐпñÒû×÷ÀÖ. debauched adj immoral, esp sexually ²»µÀµÂµÄ; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©Òùµ´µÄ: to live a debauched life ¹ýÖøÒùÒÝÉú»î. debauchee / 9debR:5tFi:; 9dZbR`tFi/ n debauched person µÀµÂ°Ü»µµÄÈË. debauchery / dI5bR:tFErI; dI`bRtFErI/ n (a) [U] immoral behaviour, esp in sexual matters µÀµÂ°Ü»µ; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©Òùµ´: a life of debauchery ·Åµ´ÒùÒݵÄÉú»î. (b) [C] example or period of this ·Åµ´; ÒùÒÝ: His debaucheries ruined his health. ËûÉú»î·Åµ´Òò¶øÉíÌå¿÷Ëð. debenture / dI5bentFE(r); dI`bZntFL/ n certificate given by a business corporation, etc as a receipt for money lent at a fixed rate of interest until the loan is repaid ծȯ: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] debenture shares ծȯ¹É. debilitate / dI5bIlIteIt; dI`bIlE9tet/ v [Tn] make (a person or his body) very weak ʹ£¨ÈË»òÈ˵ÄÉíÌ壩·Ç³£ÐéÈõ: a debilitating illness, climate ʹÈËÐéÈõµÄ¼²²¡¡¢ Æøºò * She has been debilitated by dysentery. ËýÈÃÁ¡¼²¸ãµÃÉíÌå·Ç³£ÐéÈõ. * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) Huge debts are debilitating their economy. ³ÁÖصÄÕ®Îñ´ó´óÏ÷ÈõÁËËûÃǵľ­¼Ã. debility / dI5bIlEtI; dI`bIlEtI/ n [U] physical weakness ÉíÌåµÄÐéÈõ: After her operation she suffered from general debility. ËýÔÚÊÖÊõáá¸Ðµ½È«ÉíÐéÈõ. debit / 5debIt; `dZbIt/ n (a) (in bookkeeping) written note in an account of a sum owed or paid out £¨²¾¼ÇÖеģ©ÊÕ·½, ½è·½. (b) sum withdrawn from an account ´ÓÕÊ»§ÖÐÌáÈ¡µÄ¿îÏî: My bank account shows two debits of 5 each. ÎÒµÄÒøÐÐÕÊ»§½è·½¼ÇÈëÁËÁ½±Ê5Ó¢°÷µÄ¿îÏî. Cf ²Î¿´ credit, direct debit (direct1). debit v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against/to sb/sth);~sb/sth (with sth) record (a sum of money) owed or withdrawn (by sb) ½«£¨¿î¶î£©¼ÇÈ루ijÈËÕÊ»§µÄ£©ÊÕ·½, ½è·½: Debit 5 against my account. ÔÚÎÒµÄÕÊ»§½è·½¼ÇÈë5Ó¢°÷. * Debit 50 to me. °Ñ50Ó¢°÷¼ÇÈëÎÒµÄÕÊ»§½è·½. * She/Her account was debited with 50. ÔÚËýµÄÕÊ»§½è·½¼ÇÈëÁË50Ó¢°÷. debit side left-hand side of an account, on which debits are entered ÊÕ·½, ½è·½£¨²¾¼ÇÕÊ»§µÄ×ó·½, ¼ÇÔؽè´ûµÄ¿îÏ. debonair / 9debE5neE(r); 9dZbE`nZr/ adj (usu of men) cheerful and self-assured £¨Í¨³£Ö¸ÄÐÈË£©Óä¿ì¶ø×ÔÐŵÄ: He strolled about, looking very debonair in his elegant new suit. Ëû´©ÁËÒ»Éí½²¾¿µÄÐÂÒ·þ¹äÀ´¹äÈ¥, ÏÔµÃÆÄΪã«Òâ. debouch / dI5baUtF; dI`baJtF/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (into sth) (a) (military ¾ü) (of troops) come out into open ground £¨Ö¸²¿¶Ó£©½øÈ뿪À«µØ: The army debouched from the mountains into a wide plain. ¾ü¶Ó´ÓɽÀ￪³ö, ½øÈë¿íÀ«Æ½Ô­. (b) (of a river, road, etc) merge into a larger body or area £¨Ö¸ºÓÁ÷¡¢ µÀ·µÈ£©½øÈëÒ»½Ï´óÇøÓò: The stream debouches into the estuary. ÕâÌõºÓÁ÷ÈëºÓ¿ÚÍå. debrief / di:5bri:f; di`brif/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] (esp military ÓÈÓÃ춾üÊÂ) question (a soldier, an astronaut, a diplomat, etc) esp about a mission that he has just completed ѯÎÊ£¨Ê¿±ø¡¢ ÓԱ¡¢ Íâ½»ÈËÔ±µÈ£©Ö´ÐÐÈÎÎñµÄÇé¿ö: a debriefing session Çé¿ö²éѯ»á * While being debriefed the defector named two double agents. ÔÚѯÎʹý³ÌÖÐÅѱäÕß¹©³öÁËÁ½ÃûË«Öؼäµý. * Pilots were debriefed on the bombing raid. ¼ÝʻԱ»ã±¨ÁË¿ÕÏ®Çé¿ö. Cf ²Î¿´ brief2. debris / 5deIbri:; ?@ dE5bri:; dE`bri/ n [U] scattered fragments; wreckage É¢ÂäµÄËéƬ; ²Ðº¡: After the crash, debris from the plane was scattered over a large area. ·É»ú×¹»Ùáá, ²Ðº¡É¢ÂäÔÚÒ»´óƬÍÁµØÉÏ. * searching among the debris after the explosion ±¬Õ¨ááÔÚÍßÀùÖнøÐеÄËÑÑ°. debt / det; dZt/ n 1 (a) [C] sum of money owed to sb that has not yet been paid Õ®Îñ; Ç·¿î: If I pay all my debts I'll have no money left. ÎÒÈô»¹ÇåËùÓÐÇ·Õ®¾Í·ÖÎIJ»Ê£ÁË. (b) [U] owing money, esp when one cannot pay Ç·Õ®£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÎÞ·¨³¥»¹µÄ£©: We were poor, but we avoided debt. ÎÒÃÇÇîÊÇÇî, µ«»¹²»ÖÁ춱³Õ®. 2 [C usu sing ͨ³£×÷µ¥Êý] (fig ±ÈÓ÷) obligation to sb for their help, kindness, etc ÈËÇéÕ®: I'm happy to acknowledge my debt to my teachers. ÎÒÄÜÓлú»áÏòÀÏʦÃDZíʾ¸Ðл, ÎÒ¾õµÃÊ®·Ö¸ßÐË. * owe sb a debt of gratitude ǷijÈ˶÷Çé. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) be ,in/,out of `debt owe/not owe a lot of money Ç·[²»Ç·]Õ®. be in sb's `debt (fml ÎÄ) feel grateful to sb for his help, kindness, etc ǷijÈËÖ®Çé: You saved my life: I am forever in your debt. Äã¾ÈÁËÎÒµÄÃü: ÎÒÓÀÔ¶¸Ð¶÷²»¾¡. ,get/,run into `debt reach a stage where one owes a lot of money ¸ºÕ®. ,get out of `debt reach a stage where one no longer owes money »¹ÇåÇ·¿î. a ,debt of `honour debt that one feels morally obliged to pay even though one is not required by law to do so ÐÅÓþÕ®£¨ÎÞ·¨ÂÉÔ¼ÊøÁ¦¶øµÀÒåÉÏÓÐÔðÈγ¥»¹Õߣ©. debtor / 5detE(r); `dZtL/ n person who owes money to sb Õ®ÎñÈË: receive payment from one's debtors ´ÓÕ®ÎñÈË´¦ÊÕµ½¸¶¿î. debug / 9di:5bQg; di`bQ^/ v (-gg-) [Tn] (infml ¿Ú) 1 find and remove defects in (a computer program, machine, etc) ¼ì²â²¢Åųý£¨¼ÆËã»ú³ÌÐò¡¢ »úÆ÷µÈ£©ÖеĹÊÕÏ. 2 find and remove hidden microphones from (a room, house, etc) ´Ó£¨·¿Îݵȣ©ÖÐÕÒ³ö²¢³ýµôÇÔÌýÆ÷: The place has been completely debugged. ÕâµØ·½µÄÇÔÌýÆ÷Òѳ¹µ×Çå³ý. debunk / 9di:5bQNk; di`bQNk/ v [Tn] show that the reputation of (a person, an idea, an institution, etc) is undeserved or exaggerated ½Ò´©£¨Ä³ÈË¡¢ ij˼Ïë¡¢ ij»ú¹¹µÈ£©Ãû²»¸±Êµ: debunk fashionable opinions Ö¸³öÁ÷ÐÐһʱµÄ˵·¨µÄ²»ÊÇ. debut (also debut) / 5deIbju:; ?@ dI5bju:; dI`bju/ n first appearance in public as a performer (on stage, etc) ÑÝÔ±Ê״Σ¨µÇ̨µÈ£©Ñݳö: He marked his debut by beating the champion. Ëû³õ´ÎÉÏÕó¼´»÷°ÜÁ˹ھü¶øÒ»Ãù¾ªÈË. * She's making her New York debut at Carnegie Hall. ËýÔÚ¿¨ÄÚ»ùÒôÀÖÌþÙÐÐËýÔÚŦԼµÄÊ×´ÎÑݳö. debutante / 5debju:tB:nt; 9dZbjJ`tBnt/ (also infml ¿ÚÓïÒà×÷ deb) n young woman making her first appearance in fashionable society ³õ´ÎÔÚÉÏÁ÷Éç»áµÄÉç½»³¡ºÏ¶ÃæµÄÉÙÅ®. Dec abbr Ëõд = December: 5 Dec 1909 1909Äê12ÔÂ5ÈÕ. dec (also decd) abbr Ëõд = deceased: Simon Day dec Î÷ÃÉ¡¤´÷£¨Òѹʣ©. deca- comb form ¹¹´Ê³É·Ö ten Ê®: decathlon. =>App 11 ¼û¸½Â¼11. decade / 5dekeId; `dZked/ n period of ten years Ê®Äê: the first decade of the 20th century, ie 1900-1909 20ÊÀ¼Í×î³õµÄÊ®Ä꣨1900-1909£©. decadence / 5dekEdEns; `dZkEdEns/ n [U] (a) (falling to a) lower level (in morals, art, literature, etc) esp after a period at a high level £¨µÀµÂÂ×Àí¡¢ ÒÕÊõ¡¢ ÎÄѧµÈµÄ£©Ë¥Âä, ¶éÂ䣨ÓÈÖ¸¾­¹ýÒ»¶¦Ê¢Ê±ÆÚáᣩ: the decadence of late Victorian art ά¶àÀûÑÇÍíÆÚÎÄÒÕµÄË¥Âä. (b) attitude or behaviour that shows this ±íÏÖ³ö´ËÖÖË¥ÂäµÄ̬¶È»òÐÐΪ: the decadence of the rich Western countries ¸»Ô£µÄÎ÷·½¹ú¼ÒÖеÄÍÇ·ÏÐÐΪ. decadent / 5dekEdEnt; `dZkE-dEnt/ adj: a decadent society, style ¶éÂäµÄÉç»á¡¢ ×÷·ç * decadent behaviour ÍǷϵÄÐÐΪ. decaffeinated / 9di:5kAfIneItId; di`kAfE9netId/ adj with most or all of the caffeine removed £¨´ó²¿»òÈ«²¿£©³ýÈ¥¿§·ÈÒòµÄ: decaffeinated coffee ³ýÈ¥¿§·ÈÒòµÄ¿§·È. Decalogue / 5dekElCg; ?@ -lR:g; `dZkE9lR^/ n the Decalogue (in the Bible) the Ten Commandments given to Moses by God £¨¡¶Ê¥¾­¡·Öеģ©Ê®½ë. decamp / dI5kAmp; dI`kAmp/ v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) go away suddenly and often secretly (taking sth with one) £¨Í»È»¶ø³£ÎªÃØÃܵأ©£¨Ð¯Ä³ÎÌÓ×ß: She has decamped with all our money. ËýЯ´øÎÒÃÇËùÓеÄǮDZÌÓÁË. 2 [I] leave a camp or a place where one has camped ³·Óª; À뿪ËÞÓªµØ: The soldiers decamped at dawn. Ê¿±øÔÚÀèÃ÷ʱ³·ÀëÁËÓªµØ. decant / dI5kAnt; dI`kAnt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) pour (wine, etc) from a bottle into another container, esp slowly so that the sediment is left behind ½«£¨¾ÆµÈ£©×ÔÆ¿Öе¹ÈëÁíÒ»ÈÝÆ÷£¨ÓÈÖ¸Âýµ¹ÒÔÁôϳÁµí£©. decanter n (usu decorative) glass bottle with a stopper into which wine, etc may be decanted before serving £¨Í¨³£ÎªÓÐ×°Êεģ©´øÆ¿ÈûµÄ²£Á§Æ¿£¨ÓÃÒÔÊ¢³ýÈ¥³ÁµíµÄ¾ÆµÈ£©. =>illus at bottle ¼ûbottleÖ®²åͼ. decapitate / dI5kApIteIt; dI`kApE9tet/ v [Tn] cut the head off (esp a person or an animal) ɱͷ£¨¿ÉÖ¸ÈË»ò¶¯Î. decapitation / dI9kpI5teIFn; dI9kApE`teFEn/ n [U, C]. decarbonize, decarbonise / 9di:5kB:bEnaIz; di`kBrbEn9aIz/ (also infml ¿ÚÓïÒà×÷ decoke) v [Tn] remove carbon from (esp the cylinders of an internal combustion engine) ³ýÈ¥£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÄÚȼ»úÆû¸×£©ÖеÄ̼. decathlon / dI5kAWlCn; dI`kAWlBn/ n athletic contest in which each participant must take part in all of ten events Ê®ÏîÈ«ÄÜÔ˶¯. decathlete / dI5kWli:t; dI`kAW9lit/ n athlete who competes in a decathlon Íê³ÉÊ®ÏîÈ«ÄÜÔ˶¯µÄÔ˶¯Ô±. decay / dI5keI; dI`ke/ v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become bad; rot; decompose £¨Ê¹Ä³Î±ä»µ, ¸¯ÀÃ, ±äÖÊ: decaying teeth, vegetables È£³Ý¡¢ ¸¯ÀõÄÊß²Ë * Sugar decays your teeth. ÌÇÄܸ¯Ê´ÑÀ³Ý. 2 [I] lose power, vigour, influence, etc ʧȥȨÁ¦¡¢ »îÁ¦¡¢ Ó°ÏìµÈ: a decaying culture, society, regime, etc Ë¥Í˵ÄÎÄ»¯¡¢ Éç»á¡¢ ÕþȨµÈ * Our powers decay (ie We become less strong, alert, etc) in old age. ÎÒÃǵÄÌåÁ¦¡¢ ¾«Á¦ÔÚÀÏÄêʱ¾ÍË¥ÍË. decay n [U] (state reached by the process of) decaying ¸¯°Ü¡¢ Ë¥Í˵Ä״̬: `tooth decay ÖûÑÀ * The empire is in decay. µÛ¹úÔÚË¥Íö. * The feudal system slowly fell into decay, ie stopped working. ·â½¨ÖƶÈÔÚ»ºÂýµØË¥Íö. decease / dI5si:s; dI`sis/ n [U] (law or fml ÂÉ»òÎÄ) death (of a person) £¨È˵ģ©ËÀÍö. deceased adj dead ËÀµÄ: a deceased father, uncle, spouse, etc Òѹʵĸ¸Çס¢ Ê常¡¢ ÅäżµÈ * Both her parents are deceased. ËýµÄË«Ç×¾ùÒÑ´ÇÊÀ. the deceased n (pl unchanged ¸´Êý²»±ä) (law or fml ÂÉ»òÎÄ) person who has died, esp recently ÒÑËÀµÄÈË£¨ÓÈÖ¸ËÀÈ¥²»¾ÃÕߣ©. deceit / dI5si:t; dI`sit/ n 1 [U] deliberately leading sb to believe or accept sth that is false, usu so as to get sth for oneself; deceiving ÆÛÆ­; ÆÛÕ©: practice deceit on sb ¶ÔijÈ˽øÐÐÆÛÆ­ * She won her promotion by deceit. ËýÓÃÆÛÆ­ÊֶεÃÒÔ½úÉý. 2 [C] dishonest act or statement ²»³ÏʵµÄÐÐΪ»òÑÔÓï: She got them to hand over all their money by a wicked deceit. ËýÓñ°±ÉµÄÊÖ¶ÎʹËûÃÇ°ÑËùÓеÄÇ®Òƽ»¸øËý. deceitful / dI5si:tfl; dI`sitfEl/ adj 1 often deceiving people; dishonest ¹ßì¶ÆÛÆ­µÄ; ²»³ÏʵµÄ: You've been going there without telling me, you deceitful child! ÄãÒ»Ö±ÔÚÂ÷ÖøÎÒµ½Äǵط½È¥, ÄãÕâ²»³ÏʵµÄº¢×Ó! 2 intended to mislead ÓÐÒâÎóµ¼µÄ: deceitful words, behaviour ʹÈË ÊÜÆ­µÄ»°¡¢ ÐÐΪ. deceitfully / -fUlI; -fElI/ adv. deceitfulness n [U]. deceive / dI5si:v; dI`siv/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] 1 ~ sb/oneself (into doing sth) make sb believe sth that is not true (so as to make him do sth); deliberately mislead sb ÆÛƭijÈË£¨È¥×öijÊ£©; ʹ×Ô¼ºÐÅÒÔΪÕ棨ȥ×öijÊ£©; ¹ÊÒâʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©Îó½â: You can't pass exams without working, so don't deceive yourself (into thinking you can). ²»Å¬Á¦ÊÇ¿¼²»¼°¸ñµÄ, Òò´Ë²»ÒªÆÛÆ­×Ô¼º£¨ÒÔΪ¿ÉÒÔ¼°¸ñ£©. * We were deceived into believing that he could help us. ÎÒÃÇÊÜÆ­ÁË, »¹ÒÔΪËûÄÜ°ïÖúÎÒÃÇ. * His friendly manner did not deceive us for long. ËûÄÇÈÈÇéµÄÑù×Ó²¢Ã»°ÑÎÒÃÇÆÛÆ­¶à¾Ã. 2 ~ sb (with sb) be sexually unfaithful to (one's spouse, etc) £¨Ö¸ÐÔÐÐΪ£©¶Ô£¨ÅäżµÈ£©²»ÖÒ: He's been deceiving his wife with another woman for months. Ëû¼¸¸öÔÂÀ´Ò»Ö±Â÷ÖøÆÞ×ÓÓëÁíһŮÈËÀ´Íù. deceiver / -vE(r); -vL/ n person who deceives Æ­×Ó. decelerate / 9di:5selEreIt; di`sZlE9ret/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) slow down £¨Ê¹Ä³Î¼õËÙ. Cf ²Î¿´ accelerate. deceleration / 9di:selE5reIFn; di9sZlE`reFEn/ n [U] (a) slowing down or being caused to slow down ¼õËÙ. (b) rate of decrease of speed per unit of time µ¥Î»Ê±¼äÄڵļõËÙÂÊ. December / dI5sembE(r); dI`sZmbL/ n [U, C] (abbr Ëõд Dec) the twelfth month of the year, next after November Ê®¶þÔÂ. For the uses of December see the examples at April. ¹Øì¶DecemberµÄÓ÷¨¼ûApril´ÊÌõÖеÄʾÀý. decency / 5di:snsI; `disnsI/ n 1 [U] quality of being or appearing as respectable people would wish ÕýÅÉ; ¶Ëׯ; ¸ßÑÅ; ÌåÃæ: an offence against decency, eg appearing naked in public ÓÐÉ˷绯֮¾Ù£¨Èçµ±ÖÚÂãÌ壩 * Have the decency to (ie Be polite and) apologize for what you did! ½²µãÀñò, ΪÄãËù×öµÄʵÀǸ! 2 the decencies [pl] standards of respectable behaviour in society Éç»áÉϸßÉÐÎÄÑÅÐÐΪµÄ±ê×¼: We must observe the decencies and attend the funeral. ÎÒÃÇÒª×ñÕÕÀñÒDzμÓÔáÀñ. decent / 5di:snt; `disnt/ adj 1 (a) proper; acceptable Êʵ±µÄ; ¿É½ÓÊܵÄ: We must provide decent housing for the poor. ÎÒÃDZØÐëΪÇî¿àÈËÌṩÊʵ±µÄס·¿. * The hospital has no decent equipment. Õâ¼ÒҽԺûÓÐÏñÑùµÄÉ豸. * He's done the decent thing and resigned. Ëû×öÁ˼þÌåÃæµÄÊÂ, ´ÇÖ°ÁË. (b) not likely to shock or embarrass others; modest ²»ÖÂʹ±ðÈ˳Ծª»òÄÑ¿°µÄ; ÊʶȵÄ; µÃÌåµÄ: That dress isn't decent. ÄǼþÁ¬ÒÂȹ²»¹»ÌåÃæ. * (infml ¿Ú) Are you decent? ie Are you properly dressed? ÄãµÄ´©´÷µÃÌåÂð? * Never tell stories that are not decent, ie that are obscene. ÇÐÎð½²²»ÑŵĹÊÊÂ. Cf ²Î¿´ indecent. 2 satisfactory; quite good ÁîÈËÂúÒâµÄ; Ï൱ºÃµÄ: earn a decent wage, living, etc ׬¿É¹ÛµÄ¹¤×Ê¡¢ Éú»î·ÑµÈ * That was quite a decent lunch. ÄǶÙÎç²ÍÏ൱²»´í. * They're a decent firm to work for, ie They treat their employees well. ÔÚÄǼҹ«Ë¾¹¤×÷ͦ²»´í. * He's a thoroughly decent (ie honourable) man. ËûÊǸö¼«ÎªÕýÖ±µÄÈË. decently adv in a decent(1, 2) manner ºÏÊʵØ; ÊʶȵØ; ÌåÃæµØ: decently dressed ÒÂÖøÌåÃæµÄ * behave decently ¹æ¹æ¾Ø¾ØµØÐÐÊÂ. decentralize, decentralise / 9di:5sentrElaIz; di`sZntrEl9aIz/ v [I, Tn] 1 transfer (power, authority, etc) from central government to regional government ȨÁ¦Ï·Å; ½«£¨È¨Á¦¡¢ ȨÏ޵ȣ©×ÔÖÐÑëÕþ¸®×ªµ½µØ·½Õþ¸®: If we decentralize, the provinces will have more autonomy. ÎÒÃÇ°ÑȨÁ¦Ï·Å, ¸÷Ê¡¾ÍÓиü¶àµÄ×ÔÖ÷Ȩ. 2 distribute (industry, workers, population, etc) over a wider area away from the centre ½«£¨¹¤Òµ¡¢ ¹¤ÈË¡¢ È˿ڵȣ©×Ô¼¯Öеã·ÖÉ¢µ½½Ï´óµÄÇøÓòÄÚ. decentralization, -isation / 9di:sentrElaI5zeIFn; ?@ -lI5z-; 9disZntrElE`zeFEn/ n [U]. deception / dI5sepFn; dI`sZpFEn/ n 1 [U] deceiving or being deceived ÆÛÆ­: obtain sth by deception ÓÃÆÛÆ­ÊֶλñµÃijÊÂÎï * practise deception on the public ÆÛÆ­¹«ÖÚ. 2 [C] trick intended to deceive Æ­Êõ; ¹î¼Æ: It was an innocent deception, meant as a joke. ÄÇÊÇÎÞÉË´óÑŵĹí°ÑÏ·, ¿ª¸öÍæЦ¶øÒÑ. deceptive / dI5septIv; dI`sZptIv/ adj likely to deceive; misleading ¿ÉÄÜÆÛÆ­µÄ; µ¼ÖÂÎó½âµÄ: Appearances are often deceptive, ie Things are not always what they seem to be. Íâ±íÍùÍùÊÇ¿¿²»×¡µÄ. * Her simple style is deceptive: what she has to say is very profound. ±ðÒÔΪËýµÄ¹¤×÷·½·¨¼òµ¥, Ëý˵³ö»°À´ÊǺÜÓзÖÁ¿µÄ. deceptively adv: The tank is deceptively small: it actually holds quite a lot. ÕâÈÝÆ÷¿´ÉÏÈ¥ºÜС, ʵ¼ÊÉÏ¿ÉÒÔ×°ºÜ¶à¶«Î÷. deci- comb form ¹¹´Ê³É·Ö (in the metric system) one tenth part of £¨¹«ÖƵģ©Ê®·ÖÖ®Ò»: decilitre * decimetre. =>App 11 ¼û¸½Â¼11. decibel / 5desIbel; `dZsE9bZl/ n unit for measuring the relative loudness of sounds, or for measuring power levels in electrical communications ·Ö±´. decide / dI5saId; dI`saId/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] settle (a dispute, an issue or a case); give a judgement on (sth) ½â¾ö£¨Õù¶Ë¡¢ ÎÊÌâ»ò°¸¼þ£©; ¶Ô£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ×÷³öÅжÏ: The judge will decide (the case) tomorrow. ·¨¹ÙÃ÷ÌìÅоö´Ë°¸. * It's difficult to decide between the two. ºÜÄÑÔÚÕâÁ½ÕßÖ®¼ä¾ö¶¨È¡Éá. * The judge decided for/against the plaintiff. ·¨¹ÙÅоöÔ­¸æʤËß[°ÜËß]. * Her argument decided the issue in his favour. ËýµÄÂ۾ݴٳÉÎÊÌâµÄ½â¾ö¶ÔËûÓÐÀû. 2 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tf, Tw, Tt] ~ (on/against sth/sb) consider and come to a conclusion; make up one's mind; resolve ¿¼ÂÇáá×÷³ö¾ö¶¨; ϾöÐÄ; ¾ö¶¨: With so many choices, it's hard to decide (what to buy). ÓÐÕâ÷á¶à¿ÉÑ¡ÔñµÄ, ÕæÄѾö¶¨£¨Âòʲ÷ᣩ. * After seeing all the candidates we've decided on (ie chosen) this one. ÎÒÃǼûÁËËùÓеĺòÑ¡ÈË, ¾ö¶¨Ñ¡Õâλ. * decide against changing one's job ¾ö¶¨²»¸Ä±ä¹¤×÷ * I never thought she'd decide that! ÎÒ´ÓÀ´Ã»Ïëµ½Ëý»á¾ö¶¨´ËÊÂ! * It has been decided that the book should be revised. ÒѾ­¾ö¶¨Õâ±¾ÊéÒªÖØÐÂÐÞ¶©. * She decided not to go alone. Ëý¾ö¶¨²»µ¥¶ÀÈ¥. (b) [Ipr, Tn, Tw] (of events, actions, etc) have an important, definite effect on (sth) £¨Ö¸Ê¼þ¡¢ Ðж¯µÈ£©¶ÔijÊÂÎïÓÐÖØÒªµÄ¡¢ ¿Ï¶¨µÄЧ¹û: I wanted to be a painter, but circumstances decided otherwise, ie forced me to be something else. ÎÒ±¾Ïëµ±»­¼Ò, ¿ÉÊÇ»·¾³¶ÔÎÒÁí×÷°²ÅÅ. * A chance meeting decided my career. żȻµÄ»áÃæ¾ö¶¨ÁËÎÒµÄÊÂÒµ. * This last game will decide who is to be champion. ×îááÒ»¾Ö½«¾ö¶¨Ë­Êǹھü. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tnt] cause (sb) to reach a decision ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©×÷³ö¾ö¶¨: What finally decided you against it? ÊÇʲ÷áÊÂÇéʹÄã×îáá¾ö¶¨²»×ö´ËÊÂ? * That decided me to leave my job. ÄǼþÊÂʹÎÒ¾ö¶¨ÀëÖ°. decided adj 1 [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] clear; definite Çå³þµÄ; Ã÷È·µÄ; ¿Ï¶¨µÄ: There is a decided difference between the two sisters. Õâ¶Ô½ãÃÃÖ®¼äÓÐÃ÷ÏÔ²»Í¬Ö®´¦. * a person of decided views ÓÐÃ÷È·¿´·¨µÄÈË. 2 ~ (about sth) determined ¼á¾öµÄ; ¼á¶¨µÄ: a decided effort to improve sales Ìá¸ßÏúÊÛÁ¿µÄ¼á¾öŬÁ¦ * He won't go: he's quite decided about it. Ëû¾ø²»È¥: Ëû¶Ô´Ëʺܼᶨ. decidedly adv definitely; undoubtedly ¿Ï¶¨µØ; ÎÞÒɵØ: I feel decidedly unwell this morning. ÎÒ½ñÌìÉÏÎçȷʵ¸Ðµ½²»Êæ·þ. decider n game, race, etc to settle a contest between competitors who have previously finished equal ÔÚ³Éƽ¾ÖµÄ¾ºÈüÕßÖ®¼ä¾ö¶¨Ê¤¸ºµÄÒ»¾Ö¡¢ ±ÈÈüµÈ. deciduous / dI5sIdjUEs, dI5sIdVUEs; dI`sIdVJEs/ adj (of a tree) that loses its leaves annually, usu in autumn £¨Ö¸Ê÷ľ£©Ã¿Ä꣨ͨ³£ÔÚÇï¼¾£©ÂäÒ¶µÄ: deciduous forests ÂäÒ¶ÁÖ. Cf ²Î¿´ evergreen. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page i. decilitre / 5desIli:tE(r); `dZsE9litL/ n unit of capacity in the metric system, equal to one tenth of a litre ·ÖÉý£¨Ê®·ÖÖ®Ò»Éý£©. decimal / 5desIml; `dZsEml/ adj based on or reckoned in tens or tenths Ê®½øλµÄ: decimal coinage/currency Ê®½ø±ÒÖÆ. decimal n (also decimal fraction) fraction expressed in tenths, hundredths, etc £¨ÒÔÊ®·ÖÖ®Ò»¡¢ °Ù·ÖÖ®Ò»µÈ±íʾµÄ£©Ð¡Êý: The decimal 0.61 stands for 61 hundredths. СÊý0.61´ú±í°Ù·ÖÖ®Áùʮһ. =>App 4 ¼û¸½Â¼4. decimalize, -ise / -mElaIz; -mE9laIz/ v 1 [Tn] express a number as a decimal fraction ÒÔСÊý±íʾһÊý×Ö: 1 decimalized is 1.5. 1ÒÔСÊý±íʾΪ1.5. 2 [I, Tn] change (currency) to a decimal system ½«£¨»õ±Ò£©¸ÄΪʮ½øÖÆ: The country decided to decimalize (its coinage). Õâ¸ö¹ú¼Ò¾ö¶¨½«»õ±Ò¸ÄΪʮ½øÖÆ. decimalization, -isation / 9desImElaI5zeIFn; ?@ -lI5z-; 9dZsEmElI`zeFEn/ n [U]. decimal point dot or point placed after the unit figure in the writing of decimals, eg in 15.61 СÊýµã£¨Èç15.61ÖеÄСÊýµã£©. decimal system system of numbers, measures or currency based on the number ten Ê®½øÖÆ. decimate / 5desImeIt; `dZsE9met/ v [Tn] (a) kill or destroy a large part of (sth) ɱËÀ»ò»Ù»µ£¨Ä³Î֮´ó²¿: Disease has decimated the population. ¼²²¡Ê¹´ó²¿·ÖÈËËÀÍö. (b) (infml ¿Ú) reduce (sth) considerably Ï൱³Ì¶ÈµØ¼õÉÙ¡¢ ½µµÍ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ: Student numbers have been decimated by cuts in grants. Öúѧ½ðÏ÷¼õáá, ѧÉúÈËÊý´ó´ó¼õÉÙ. decimation / desI5meIFn; 9dZsE`meFEn/ n [U]. decimetre / 5desImi:tE(r); `dZsE9mitL/ n unit of length in the metric system, equal to one tenth of a metre ·ÖÃ×£¨Ò»Ã×µÄÊ®·ÖÖ®Ò»£©. decipher / dI5saIfE(r); dI`saIfL/ v [Tn, Tw] succeed in understanding (a coded message, bad handwriting, etc) ÆÆÒ루ÃÜÂ룩; ±çÈÏ£¨ÁʲÝ×Ö¼££©: I can't decipher what is inscribed on the pillar. ÎÒÈϲ»³ö¿ÌÔÚÖù×ÓÉϵÄÊÇʲ÷á. * (infml ¿Ú) Can you decipher her scrawl? ÄãÄܱæÈϳöËýÂÒдµÄÊÇʲ÷áÂð? decipherable / dI5saIfrEbl; dI`saIfrEbl/ adj that can be deciphered ¿ÉÒë½âµÄ; ¿ÉÆÆÒëµÄ; ¿É±æÈϵóöµÄ. decision / dI5sIVn; dI`sIVEn/ n 1 ~ (on/against sth); ~ (to do sth) (a) [U] deciding; making up one's mind ¾ö¶¨; ¾öÐÄ: It's a matter for personal decision, ie Everybody must decide for themselves. ÕâÊÇÐëÓɸöÈË×÷¾ö¶¨µÄÎÊÌâ. (b) [C] conclusion reached; judgement µÃµ½µÄ½áÂÛ; ÅжÏ: arrive at/come to/make/reach a decision ×÷³ö¾ö¶¨ * his decision against going on holiday Ëû²»Ðݼٵľö¶¨ * We took the difficult decision to leave. ÎÒÃǺò»ÈÝÒײÅ×÷³öÀ뿪µÄ¾ö¶¨. * Her decision to retire surprised us all. Ëý¾ö¶¨ÍËÐÝ, ÎÒÃÇ´óΪ¾ªÑÈ. * give a decision on an issue ¾ÍijÎÊÌâ×÷³ö¾ö¶¨ * The judge's decision was to award damages to the defendant. ·¨¹ÙÅоöÅâ³¥±»¸æËðʧ. * Discussion should be part of the decision-making process. ½øÐÐÌÖÂÛ¸ÃÊÇ×÷¾ö¶¨µÄ¹ý³Ì. 2 [U] ability to decide quickly ѸËÙ¾ö¶¨µÄÄÜÁ¦: Anyone who lacks decision (ie who hesitates, can't decide questions) shouldn't be a leader. ²»¹û¶ÏµÄÈ˲»Ó¦×öÁìµ¼. decisive / dI5saIsIv; dI`saIsIv/ adj 1 having a particular, important or conclusive effect ÓÐÌØÊâ¡¢ ÖØÒª»ò¾ö¶¨ÐÔЧ¹ûµÄ: a decisive victory, battle, moment ¾ö¶¨ÐÔµÄʤÀû¡¢ Õ½ÒÛ¡¢ ʱ¿Ì * The injury to their key player could be a decisive factor in the game. ËûÃÇÖ÷Á¦¶ÓÔ±ÊÜÉË¿ÉÄÜÊÇÕⳡ±ÈÈü¾ö¶¨Ê¤¸ºµÄÒòËØ. 2 having or showing the ability to decide quickly ¹û¶ÏµÄ; ¾ö¶ÏµÄ: a decisive person, answer, manner ¹û¶ÏµÄÈË¡¢ »Ø´ð¡¢ ·½Ê½ * Be decisive tell them exactly what you think should be done! ¹û¶ÏЩ--È·ÇеظæËßËûÃÇÄãÈÏΪӦ¸ÃÔõ÷á×ö! decisively adv: act, answer decisively ¹û¶ÏµØÐж¯¡¢ »Ø´ð. decisiveness n [U]. deck / dek; dZk/ n 1 (a) any of the floors of a ship in or above the hull ¼×°å: My cabin is on E deck. ÎҵIJÕλÔÚE²ã¼×°å. * below deck(s), ie in(to) the space under the main deck ÔÚÖ÷¼×°åÖ®ÏÂ. =>illus at yacht ¼ûyachtÖ®²åͼ. (b) any similar area, eg the floor of a bus ÈκÎÀàËƼװåµÄµØ·½£¨È繫¹²Æû³µµÄ²ãÃ棩: the top deck of a double-decker bus Ë«²ã¹«¹²Æû³µµÄ¶¥²ã. 2 (esp US) pack of playing-cards Ò»¸±Ö½ÅÆ. 3 (a) platform on which the turntable and pick-up arm of a record-player rest µç³ª»úµÄתÅ̼°Ê°ÒôÆ÷±ÛµÄÖ§ÍÐÃæ. (b) device for holding and playing magnetic tape, discs, etc in sound-recording equipment or a computer ¼ÒôÉ豸»ò¼ÆËã»úÖзŴŴø»ò´ÅÅ̵Ä×°ÖÃ. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) clear the decks => clear3. hit the deck => hit1. on deck (a) on the main deck of a ship ÔÚ´¬µÄÖ÷¼×°åÉÏ. (b) (esp US) ready for action, duty, etc ×¼±¸Ðж¯¡¢ Ö´ÐÐÈÎÎñµÈ. deck v [Tn] (US infml ¿Ú) knock (sb) to the ground ½«£¨Ä³ÈË£©´òµ¹ÔÚµØ: He decked him with his first punch. ËûµÚһȭ¾Í°ÑËû´òµ¹ÔÚµØ. -decker (forming compound ns and adjs ÓÃÒÔ¹¹³É¸´ºÏÃû´Ê¼°ÐÎÈÝ´Ê) having a specified number of decks or layers ÓÐijÊýÄ¿µÄ¼×°å»ò²ãÃæµÄ: a ,double-/,single-decker `bus * a ,triple-decker `sandwich, ie one with three layers of bread. deck-chair n portable folding chair with a (usu) canvas seat on a wood or metal frame, used out of doors, eg in parks and on the beach £¨»§ÍâÓõģ©ß¡µþ·«²¼ÌÉÒÎ. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page vii. deck-hand n member of a ship's crew who works on deck ÔÚ¼×°åÉϹ¤×÷µÄº£Ô±. deck / dek; dZk/ v [esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬: Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (out) (in/with sth) decorate sb/sth ×°ÊÎijÈË[ijÎï]: streets decked with flags ¹ÒÖøÆì×ӵĽֵÀ * She was decked out in her finest clothes. Ëý´©ÖøËý×îºÃµÄÒ·þ. declaim / dI5kleIm; dI`klem/ v 1 [I, Tn] speak (sth) as if addressing an audience £¨ÏñÑݽ²°ã£©Ëµ£¨»°£©: A preacher stood declaiming in the town centre. ´«½ÌÊ¿Õ¾ÔÚÊÐÕòÖÐÐÄ¿¶¿®³Â´Ê. * He declaims his poetry, ie recites it formally and with great feeling. ËûÀÊËÐ×Ô¼ºµÄÊ«¸è. 2 [Ipr] ~ against sb/sth attack sb/sth in words Åê»÷ijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: She wrote a book declaiming against our corrupt society. ËýдÁËÒ»±¾ÊéÅê»÷ÎÒÃÇÕⸯ°ÜµÄÉç»á. declamation / 9deklE5meIFn; 9dZklE`meFEn/ n (a) [U] declaiming ÀÊËÐ: the declamation of poetry Ê«¸èÀÊËÐ. (b) [C] formal speech, esp one made with great feeling ÕýʽÑÝ˵; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©¿¶¿®³Â´Ê. declamatory / dI5klmEtErI; ?@ -tR:rI; dI`klAmE-9tRrI/ adj formal and rhetorical; (spoken) with great feeling ÕýʽµÄ¼°Ç²´Ê½²¾¿µÄ; £¨Ëµ»°£©¿¶¿®¼¤°ºµÄ: her high-flown declamatory style ËýµÄ¿äÕŶøÐÛ±çµÄ·ç¸ñ. declaration / 9deklE5reIFn; 9dZklE`reFEn/ n 1 (a) [U] declaring; formally announcing ÐûÑÔ; Ðû²¼; ÕýʽÉùÃ÷: He was in favour of the declaration of a truce. ËûÔÞ³ÉÐû²¼Í£Õ½. (b) [C] formal announcement ÐûÑÔ; ¹«¸æ: a declaration of war ÐûÕ½ * the Declaration of Human Rights, ie by the United Nations, stating an individual's basic rights ÈËȨÐûÑÔ. 2 [C] written notification ÊéÃæ֪ͨ: a declaration of income, ie made to the tax authorities ÊÕÒæÉ걨£¨ÏòË°Îñ²¿ÃÅËù×öµÄ£© * a customs declaration, ie a form giving details of the contents of a parcel, consignment, etc on which duty may be payable ±¨¹Øµ¥£¨ÏêÁаü¹ü¡¢ ÍÐÔËÆ·ÖÐÓ¦ÄÉË°ÏîÄ¿µÄÉ걨±í£©. declare / dI5kleE(r); dI`klZr/ v 1 (a) [Tn, Tf, Tw, Cn.a, Cn.n, Cn.t, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] formally announce (sth); make known clearly ÕýʽÐû²¼£¨Ä³Ê£©; ±íÃ÷: `I'm not coming with you and that's final!' declared Mary. £àÎÒ²»¸úÄãÈ¥--ÕâÊÇ×îáá¾ö¶¨!£§ÂêÀöÖ£ÖصØ˵. * declare that the war is over Ðû²¼Õ½Õù½áÊø * They then declared (to us all) what had been decided. ËûÃÇÈ»áᣨ¶ÔÎÒÃÇÈ«Ì壩Ðû²¼Ëù×÷³öµÄ¾ö¶¨. * They declared him (to be) the winner. ËûÃÇÐû²¼ËûΪµÃʤÕß. * I declare the meeting closed. ÎÒÐû²¼»áÒé½áÊø. (b) [Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t] say (sth) solemnly Ö£ÖصØ˵£¨Ä³Ê£©: He declared that he was innocent. ËûÖ£ÖØÉùÃ÷ËûÊÇÇå°×µÄ. * She was declared (to be) guilty. ÒÑÐûÅÐËýÓÐ×ï. 2 [Ipr] ~ for/against sth/sb say that one is/is not in favour of sth/sb ±íʾÔÞ³É[²»ÔÞ³É]ijÊÂÎï[ijÈË]: The commission declared against the proposed scheme. ίԱ»á·´¶ÔËùÌáµÄ¼Æ»®. 3 [Tn] tell the tax authorities about (one's income), or customs officers about (dutiable goods brought into a country) ÏòË°Îñ²¿ÃÅÉ걨£¨×Ô¼ºµÄÊÕÒ棩»òÏòº£¹Ø¹ÙÔ±É걨£¨Ó¦ÄÉË°µÄÎïÆ·£©: You must declare all you have earned in the last year. Äã±ØÐëÉ걨ȥÄêµÄ×ÜÊÕÈë. * Have you anything to declare? ÄãÓÐʲ÷áÒªÉ걨ÄÉË°µÄÂð? 4 [I, Cn.a] (in cricket) choose to end one's team's innings before all ten wickets have fallen £¨°åÇò£©£¨ÔÚÊ®¸ö»÷ÇòÔ±²¢Î´È«²¿³ö¾Öʱ£©Ðû²¼±¾¶Ó²»ÔÙ¼ÌÐø»÷Çò: The captain declared (the innings closed) at a score of 395 for 5 wickets. ¶Ó³¤ÔÚÎåÈ˳ö¾ÖµÃ395·ÖʱÐû²¼²»ÔÙ¼ÌÐø»÷Çò. 5 (idm Ï°Óï) declare an/one's `interest reveal to others any facts that might be thought to influence one's opinions or actions on a particular issue É걨ÀûÒæ. declare trumps (in card-games) say which suit will be trumps £¨Ö½ÅÆÏ·ÖУ©Ðû²¼ÄÄÒ»»¨É«ÅÆΪÍõÅÆ. declare `war (on/against sb) announce that one is at war (with sb) £¨ÏòijÈË£©ÐûÕ½: War has been declared. ÒѾ­ÐûÕ½ÁË. declared adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óïÿ¼w] that sb has openly admitted to be such ¹«¿ªÐû³ÆµÄ: He's a declared atheist. Ëû×Ô³ÆÊÇÎÞÉñÂÛÕß. * Her declared ambition is to become a politician. Ëý¹«¿ªÉù³ÆËýµÄ±§¸ºÊÇÒªµ±ÕþÖμÒ. declassify / 9di:5klAsIfaI; di`klAsE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] declare (information) to be no longer secret Ðû²¼£¨×ÊÁÏ£©²»ÔÙ±£ÃÜ: Plans for nuclear plants have been declassified. ½¨ÔìºË×°±¸µÄ¼Æ»®ÒѲ»ÔÙ±£ÃÜ. declassification / 9di:9klAsIfI5keIFn; `di9klAsEfE`ke-FEn/ n [U]. declension / dI5klenFn; dI`klZnFEn/ n (grammar) (a) [U] varying the endings of nouns and pronouns according to their function in a sentence £¨Ãû´ÊºÍ´ú´ÊÔÚ¾äÖеģ©´Êβ±ä»¯. Cf ²Î¿´ case1 8. (b) [C] class of words with the same range of endings for the different cases (case1 8) ÔÚ¸÷¸ñÖдÊβͬÐεÄÒ»Àà´Ê: In Latin, the nominative case of first declension nouns ends in `a'. ÔÚÀ­¶¡ÎÄÖÐ, Êô춵ÚÒ»Àà´ÊÐα仯µÄÃû´ÊµÄÖ÷¸ñÒÔa½áβ. declination / 9deklI5neIFn; 9dZklE`neFEn/ n [U, C] (physics Îï) deviation of the needle of a compass, east or west from true north £¨ÂÞÅÌÖ¸ÕëµÄ£©Æ«²î£¨ÈçÕý±±Æ«¶«»òÆ«Î÷£©; ´ÅÆ«½Ç. decline / dI5klaIn; dI`klaIn/ v 1 [I, Tn, Tt] say `no' to (sth); refuse (sth offered), usu politely ¾Ü¾ø£¨½ÓÊÜijÎ; £¨Í¨³£Ö¸£©Ð»¾ø: I invited her to join us, but she declined. ÎÒÑûÇëËýºÍÎÒÃÇÔÚÒ»Æð, ¿ÉÊÇËýÍñÑÔл¾øÁË. * decline an invitation to dinner л¾øÑçÇë * He declined to discuss his plans. Ëû¾Ü¾øÌÖÂÛËûµÄ¼Æ»®. 2 [I] become smaller, weaker, fewer, etc; diminish ±äС; ±äÈõ; ±äÉÙ: Her influence declined after she lost the election. ËýÂäÑ¡ááÆäÓ°ÏìÁ¦´óΪ½µµÍ. * a declining birth-rate Öð½¥Ï½µµÄ³öÉúÂÊ * declining sales ÏúÊÛÁ¿Ï½µ * He spent his declining years (ie those at the end of his life) in the country. ËûÔÚÏç´å¶È¹ýÍíÄê. 3 (grammar) (a) [Tn] vary the endings of (nouns and pronouns) according to their function in a sentence ¸Ä±ä£¨Ãû´ÊºÍ´ú´Ê£©µÄ´Ê⣨¸ù¾ÝÆäÔÚ¾äÖеÄ×÷Óã©. (b) [I] (of nouns and pronouns) vary in this way £¨Ö¸Ãû´ÊºÍ´ú´Ê£©°´´Ë·½Ê½±ä»¯. decline / dI5klaIn; dI`klaIn/ n 1 ~ (in sth) gradual and continuous loss of strength, power, numbers, etc; declining £¨Á¦Á¿¡¢ ȨÁ¦¡¢ ÊýÁ¿µÈµÄ£©Ïû¼õ: the decline of the Roman Empire ÂÞÂíµÛ¹úµÄË¥Íö * a decline in population, prices, popularity ÈË¿Ú¡¢ ¼Û¸ñ¡¢ ÉùÍûµÄ½µµÍ. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) fall/go into a de`cline lose strength, influence, etc ʧȥÁ¦Á¿¡¢ Ó°ÏìµÈ: After his wife's death, he fell into a decline. ËûÔÚÆÞ×ÓËÀááÒ»õê²»Õñ. * The company has gone into a decline because of falling demand. ÓÉì¶Êг¡ÐèÇóϽµ, Õâ¼Ò¹«Ë¾µÄÉúÒâÿ¿öÓúÏÂ. on the de`cline becoming weaker, fewer, etc ÔÚÏû¼õ; ÔÚË¥ÍË: She is on the decline, and may die soon. ËýÉíÌåÔ½À´Ô½Èõ, ¿Ö²»¾Ãì¶ÈËÊÀ. * The number of robberies in the area is on the decline. ÕâµØÇøµÄ½Ù°¸ÔÚ¼õÉÙ. declivity / dI5klIvEtI; dI`klIvEtI/ n (fml ÎÄ) downward slope ÏÂб. Cf ²Î¿´ acclivity. declutch / 9di:5klQtF; di`klQtF/ v [I] disconnect the clutch (of a motor vehicle) before changing gear ·ÖÀ루»ú¶¯³µÁ¾µÄ£©ÀëºÏÆ÷£¨ÒԱ㻻µ²£©. decode / 9di:5kEUd; di`kod/ v [Tn] (a) find the meaning of (sth written in code) Ò루Â룩; ½â£¨Â룩. (b) analyse and interpret (an electronic signal) ·ÖÎö¼°Òë½âµç×ÓÐźÅ. Cf ²Î¿´ encode. decoder n (a) person or device that changes a code into understandable language ÒëÂëÔ±; ÒëÂëÆ÷. (b) device that decodes an electronic signal Òë½âµç×ÓÐźŵĻúÆ÷. decoke / 9di:5kEUk; di`kok/ v [Tn] (infml ¿Ú) = decarbonize. decollete / deI5kClteI; ?@ -kCl5teI; 9dekBl`te/ adj (French ·¨) (a) (of a dress, etc) with a low neckline £¨Ö¸Á¬ÒÂȹµÈ£©µÍÁìµÄ, Ì»Ðض¼çµÄ. (b) [pred ×÷±íÓï] (of a woman) wearing a dress, etc with a low neckline £¨Ö¸¸¾Å®£©´©µÍÁìÒÂ, ´©Ì»Ðض¼çÒÂ: She was daringly decollete. Ëý´óµ¨µØ´©ÖøÌ»Ðض¼çµÄÒ·þ. decolletage / 9deIkCl5tB:V; 9dekBl`tBV/ n [U] (French ·¨) low neckline (on a dress, etc) Ì»Ðض¼çÒµĵÍÁì. decolonize, decolonise / 9di:5kClEnaIz; di`kBlE9naIz/ v [I, Tn] give independent status to (a colony) ¸ø£¨Ö³ÃñµØ£©¶ÀÁ¢µØλ; ʹ·ÇÖ³Ãñ»¯. decolonization, -isation / 9di: 9kClEnaI5zeIFn; US -nI5z-; 9di9kBlEnE`zeFEn/ n [U]. decompose / 9di:kEm5pEUz; 9dikEm`poz/ v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become bad or rotten; decay £¨Ê¹Ä³Î±ä»µ, ¸¯ÀÃ: a decomposing corpse ¸¯Ê¬. 2 [Tn] separate (a substance, light, etc) into its parts ·Ö½â£¨Ä³ÎïÖÊ¡¢ ¹âÏߵȣ©: A prism decomposes light. Àâ¾µ¿ÉÒÔ·Ö½â¹âÏß. decomposition / 9di:kCmpE5zIFn; 9dikBmpE`zIFEn/ n [U]. decompress / 9di:kEm5pres; 9dikEm`prZs/ v [Tn] (a) gradually release the air pressure on (esp a deep-sea diver returning to the surface) ¸ø£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÖØ·µË®ÃæµÄÉDZˮÕߣ©Öð½¥¼õѹ. (b) reduce compression in (a chamber, vessel, etc) ¼õµÍ£¨ÆøÊÒ¡¢ ÈÝÆ÷µÈ£©ÄÚµÄѹÁ¦. decompression / 9di:kEm5preFn; 9dikEm`prZFEn/ n [U]: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a decompression chamber, ie one in which divers may return to normal pressure ¼õѹÊÒ£¨Ç±Ë®Õßì¶ÆäÖпɻָ´µ½Õý³£Ñ¹Á¦£©. decongestant / 9di:kEn5dVestEnt; 9dikEn`dVZstEnt/ n [C, U] (medicine Ò©) substance that relieves congestion, esp in the nose Ïû³ý£¨ÓÈÖ¸±ÇÖУ©³äѪµÄÒ©Îï. decongestant adj: decongestant tablets ¼õÇá³äѪµÄҩƬ. decontaminate / 9di:kEn5tAmIneIt; 9dikEn`tAmE9net/ v [Tn] remove (esp radioactive) contamination from (a building, clothes, an area, etc) £¨×Ô½¨ÖþÎï¡¢ ÒÂÎï¡¢ µØÇøµÈ£©Åųý£¨ÓÈÖ¸·ÅÉäÐԵģ©ÎÛȾ. decontamination / 9di:kEn9tmI5neIFn; 9dikEn9tAmE`neFEn/ n [U]. decontrol / 9di:kEn5trEUl; 9dikEn`trol/ v (-ll-) [Tn] remove controls (such as those imposed by a government during a war or an emergency) from (trade in certain goods) ½â³ý¶Ô£¨Ä³Ð©»õÎï½»Ò×£©µÄ¿ØÖÆ»ò¹ÜÖÆ. decor / 5deIkR:(r); ?@ deI5kR:r; de`kRr/ n [U, sing] furnishing and decoration of a room, stage, etc £¨·¿¼ä¡¢ Îę̀µÈµÄ£©²¼ÖÃ, ×°ÊÎ: a stylish, modern decor Óзç¸ñµÄ¡¢ ÏÖ´úµÄ×°ÊÎ * Who designed the decor? Õâ×°äêÊÇË­Éè¼ÆµÄ? decorate / 5dekEreIt; `dZkE9ret/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) make sth (more) beautiful by adding ornaments to it ×°ÊÎijÊÂÎï: Bright posters decorate the streets. ÏÊÑ޵Ĺã¸æÕÐÌù»­µã׺Öø½ÖµÀ. * The building was decorated with flags. Õâ×ù½¨ÖþÎïÓÐÆì×Ó×÷×°ÊÎ. * decorate a Christmas tree with coloured lights ÓòÊÉ«µÆ×°ÊÎÊ¥µ®Ê÷. 2 [I, Tn] put paint, plaster, wallpaper, etc on (a room, house, etc) ÔÚ£¨·¿Îݵȣ©ÉÏÌí¼ÓÆá¡¢ Äà»Ò¡¢ ±ÚÖ½µÈ: We're decorating (the kitchen) again this summer. ½ñÄêÏÄÌìÎÒÃÇÓÖÒªÐÞÊγø·¿. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) give a medal or some other award to sb ÊÚÓèijÈ˽±Õ»òÆäËû½±×´: Several soldiers were decorated for bravery. Óм¸ÃûÊ¿±øÒòÓ¢Ó¶ø»ñ½±ÕÂ. decorator n person whose job is painting and wallpapering rooms, houses, etc £¨¸ø·¿Îݵȣ©·ÛË¢ºÍºý±ÚÖ½µÄÈË: Arthur Jones, painter and decorator ÓÍÆá·ÛË¢ÐÞÊι¤°¢Éª¡¤Çí˹. decoration / 9dekE5reIFn; 9dZkE`reFEn/ n 1 [U] decorating or being decorated ×°ÊÎ; ×°äê: When will they finish the decoration of the bathroom? ËûÃÇʲ÷áʱºò²Å°ÑîÂÏ´ÊÒ×°ÊκÃ? 2 [U, C] thing used for decorating ×°ÊÎÆ·: the carved decoration around the doorway ÃÅ¿ÚÖÜΧµÄµñ¿Ì×°ÊÎ * Christmas decorations Ê¥µ®½Ú×°ÊÎÆ·. 3 [C] medal, ribbon, etc given and worn as an honour or award ½±ÕÂ; ç·´ø. decorative / 5dekErEtIv; ?@ 5dekEreItIv; `dZkE9retIv/ adj that makes sth look (more) beautiful ×°ÊεÄ; ×÷×°ÊÎÓõÄ: decorative icing on the cake ¸âµãÉϵÄ×°ÊÎÐÔÌÇ˪ * The coloured lights are very decorative. ÓÐÕâЩ²ÊµÆ´óΪÉúÉ«. decorous / 5dekErEs; `dZkErEs/ adj dignified and socially acceptable ¶ËׯµÃÌåµÄ: decorous behaviour, speech ¸ßÑŵľÙÖ¹¡¢ ÑÔ̸. decorously adv. decorum / dI5kR:rEm; dI`kRrEm/ n [U] dignified and socially acceptable behaviour ¶ËׯµÃÌå: In the presence of elderly visitors our son was a model of decorum. ÎÒÃǵĶù×ÓÔÚÀ´·ÃµÄ³¤±²ÃæÇ°±ò±òÓÐÀñ. decoy / 5di:kRI; `dikRI/ n (a) (real or imitation) bird or animal used to attract others so that they can be shot or trapped £¨ÓÃì¶ÓÕ²¶ÄñÊ޵ģ©¶¯Î»ò·ÂÖÆÎ. (b) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) person or thing used to lure sb into a position of danger ÓÃì¶ÒýÓÕijÈËÂäÈëȦÌ×µÄÈË»òÎï. decoy / dI5kRI; dI`kRI/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] trick (a person or an animal) into a place of danger by using a decoy ÓÃÓÕ¶üÓÕÆ­£¨Ä³ÈË»ò¶¯ÎÂäÈëȦÌ×: He was decoyed by a false message (into entering enemy territory). Ëû±»¼ÙÇ鱨ÓÕÆ­£¨½øÈëµÐÇø£©. decrease / dI5kri:s; dI`kris/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become smaller or fewer; diminish £¨Ê¹Ä³Î±äС»ò±äÉÙ; ¼õÉÙ: Student numbers have decreased by 500. ѧÉúÈËÊý¼õÉÙÁË500Ãû. * Interest in the sport is decreasing. ÈËÃǶԴËÏîÔ˶¯µÄÐËȤÒÑÖð½¥µ­±¡. decrease / 5di:kri:s; `dikris/ n 1 ~ (in sth) (a) [U] decreasing; reduction ¼õÉÙ; ½µµÍ: some decrease in the crime rate ·¸×ïÂʵÄÉÙÐí½µµÍ. (b) [C] amount by which sth decreases ¼õÉÙµÄÁ¿: a decrease of 3% in the rate of inflation ͨ»õÅòÕÍÂʽµµÍ3% * There has been a decrease in imports. ½ø¿Ú»õÎïÓÐËù¼õÉÙ. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) on the `decrease decreasing ÔÚ¼õÉÙ: Is crime on the decrease? ·¸×ï°¸¼þÊÇ·ñÔÚ¼õÉÙ? decree / dI5kri:; dI`kri/ n 1 order given by a ruler or an authority and having the force of a law ÃüÁî; ·¨Áî: issue a decree °ä²¼·¨Áî * rule by decree, ie without seeking people's consent ÒÔ·¨ÁîͳÖΣ¨²»áçÇóÈËÃñµÄͬÒ⣩. 2 judgement or decision of certain law-courts £¨·¨ÔºµÄ£©Åоö, ²Ã¶¨. decree v (pt, pp decreed) [Tn, Tf, Tw] order (sth) (as if) by decree ·¢²¼£¨ÃüÁ; °ä²¼£¨·¨Á: The governor decreed a day of mourning. µØ·½³¤¹Ù·¢²¼°§µ¿Ò»ÈÕµÄÃüÁî. * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) Fate decreed that they would not meet again. ËûÃÇÊÜÃüÔ˵ݲÅÅÔÙÒ²²»ÄÜÏà»á. decree absolute order of a lawcourt by which two people are finally divorced ·¨Ôº×÷³öµÄÀë»éÅоö. decree nisi / 5naIsI, 5naIsaI; `naIsaI/ order of a lawcourt that two people will be divorced after a fixed period, unless good reasons are given why they should not £¨³ý·ÇÓÐÕýµ±ÀíÓÉ, ·ñÔòÔÚÖ¸¶¨ÈÕÆÚáá¼´ÐÐÉúЧµÄ£©Àë»éÅоöÁî. decree NOTE ON USAGE Ó÷¨: When talking about giving orders, decree and dictate can be used of individuals in positions of authority. ̸µ½·¢ÃüÁî, decreeºÍdictate¾ù¿ÉָϴïÕßΪÕÆȨµÄ¸öÈË. Decree usually suggests the public announcement of a decision made by a ruler or government without consulting others *decreeͨ³£Ö¸Í³ÖÎÕß»òÕþ¸®²»Óë±ðÈËÉÌÒé¶ø¹«¿ªÐû²¼µÄ¾ö¶¨: The dictator decreed that his birthday would be a public holiday. ¸Ã¶À²ÃÕß·¢²¼ÃüÁî, ½«ÆäÉúÈÕ¶¨Îª¹«ÖÚ¼ÙÆÚ. Dictate indicates people using their power over others *dictateÓÃÒÔÖ¸ÈËÓÃȨÁ¦Ö§ÅäËûÈË: Her skills were in such demand that she could dictate her own salary. ËýÒòÆä¼¼ÊõÆæ»õ¿É¾Ó, ¹Ê¿ÉÒÔÖ÷Ô××Ô¼ºµÄн½ð´ýÓö. Ordain and prescribe suggest a more impersonal authority such as the law. *ordainºÍprescribe¶àÓÃÒÔÖ¸Èç·¨ÂɵȷǸöÈ˵ÄȨÁ¦. Ordain is formal and can be used of God *ordainº¬×¯ÖØÉ«²Ê, ¿ÉÓÃÒÔÖ¸ÉϵÛ: Is it ordained in heaven that women should work in the home? Å®È˾͸ÃÔÚ¼ÒÀï¸É»î¶ù, ÕâÊÇÉÏÌìµÄÖ¼ÒâÂð? Prescribe is used of the law *prescribeÓÃ춷¨ÂÉ·½Ãæ: Regulations prescribe certain standards for building materials. ÓйæÕ¹涨½¨Öþ²ÄÁϵÄijЩ±ê×¼. decrepit / dI5krepIt; dI`krZpIt/ adj made weak by age or hard use Ë¥ÀϵÄ; ÀÏÐàµÄ; ÆƾɵÄ: a decrepit person, horse, bicycle ²ÔÀϵÄÈË¡¢ Ë¥ÀϵÄÂí¡¢ ÆƾɵÄ×ÔÐгµ. decrepitude / dI5krepItju:d; ?@ -tu:d; dI`krZpItud/ n [U] state of being decrepit Ë¥ÀÏ; ÀÏÐà; ÆƾÉ. decry / dI5kraI; dI`kraI/ v (pt, pp decried) [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) speak critically of sb/sth to make him/it seem less valuable, useful, etc; disparage sb/sth Ú®»ÙijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]ÒÔ±áµÍÆä¼ÛÖµ: He decried her efforts (as a waste of time). Ëû±áµÍËýËù×÷µÄŬÁ¦£¨ÈÏΪÊÇÀË·Ñʱ¼ä£©. dedicate / 5dedIkeIt; `dZdE9ket/ v 1 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sth to sth give or devote (oneself, time, effort, etc) to(a noble cause or purpose) ½«£¨×Ô¼º¡¢ ʱ¼ä¡¢ ¾«Á¦µÈ£©·îÏ׸ø£¨³ç¸ßµÄÊÂÒµ»òÄ¿µÄ£©: She dedicated her life to helping the poor. Ëý±ÏÉúÖÂÁ¦ì¶°ïÖúÇîÈË. * dedicate oneself to one's work Ï×Éíì¶×Ô¼ºµÄ¹¤×÷. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sb address (one's book, a piece of one's music, etc) to sb as a way of showing respect, by putting his name at the beginning ÔÚ£¨×Ô¼ºËùÖøÖ®Êé¡¢ ÒôÀÖ×÷Æ·µÈ£©µÄÇ°²¿ÌâÏ×´Ê: She dedicated her first book to her husband. Ëý°Ñ×Ô¼ºµÄµÚÒ»±¾ÊéÏ׸øÁËÕÉ·ò. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) devote (a church, etc) with solemn ceremonies (to God, to a saint or to sacred use) ÒÔׯÑϵÄÒÇʽ½«£¨½ÌÌõȣ©·îÏ×£¨¸øÉϵۡ¢ ʥͽµÈ£©: The chapel was dedicated in 1880. Õâ×ùС½ÌÌÃì¶1880Äê¾ÙÐÐÏ×ÌÃÀñ. Cf ²Î¿´ consecrate. dedicated adj 1 devoted to sth; committed Ï×Éíì¶Ä³ÊÂÎïµÄ; רÐÄÖÂÖ¾µÄ: a dedicated worker, priest, teacher, etc ÓÐÏ×Éí¾«ÉñµÄ¹¤×÷Õß¡¢ ÄÁʦ¡¢ ½ÌʦµÈ. 2 [esp attrib ÓÈ×÷¶¨Óï] (esp of computer equipment) designed for one particular purpose only £¨ÓÈÖ¸¼ÆËã»úÉ豸£©ÎªÄ³ÌØÊâÄ¿µÄ¶øÉè¼ÆµÄ, רÓõÄ: a dedicated word processor רÃŵÄÎÄ×Ö´¦Àí»ú. dedication / 9dedI5keIFn; 9dZdE`keFEn/ n ~ (to sth) 1 [U] devotion to a cause or an aim ¶ÔijÊÂÒµ»òÄ¿µÄµÄÖÒ³Ï; ·îÏ×: I admire the priest's dedication. ÎÒÇÕÅåÕâλÄÁʦµÄ·îÏ×¾«Éñ. 2 (a) [U] action of dedicating a book, piece of music, etc to sb ÌâÏ×´Ê. (b) [C] words used in doing this Ï×´Ê. 3 [U] dedicating (of a church, etc) £¨½ÌÌõģ©Ï×ÌÃÀñ; ÆôÓõäÀñ. deduce / dI5dju:s; dI`djus/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw] ~ sth (from sth) arrive at (facts, a theory, etc) by reasoning; infer sth ÓÃÍÆÀíµÄ·½·¨»ñÖ£¨ÊµÇé¡¢ ÀíÂ۵ȣ©; ÑÝÒï; ÍƶÏ: If a = b and b = c, we can deduce that a = c. Éèa = b, b = c, ¿ÉÒÔÍƶÏa = c. * Detectives deduced from the clues who had committed the crime. Õì̽¸ù¾ÝËùÕÆÎÕµÄÏßË÷Íƶϳö×÷°¸µÄÈË. deducible / dI5dju:sEbl; ?@ dI5du:sEbl; dI`dusEbl/ adj that may be deduced ¿ÉÒÔÍƶϵÄ; ¿ÉÒÔÑÝÒïµÄ. deduct / dI5dQkt; dI`dQkt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) take away (an amount or a part) ¼õÈ¥; ¿Û³ý: Tax is deducted from your salary. Ë°¿î´Óн½ðÖп۳ý. Cf ²Î¿´ subtract. deductible / dI5dQktEbl; dI`dQktEbl/ adj that may be deducted from one's taxable earnings £¨´ÓÓ¦ÄÉË°µÄÊÕÈëÖУ©¿É¿Û³ýµÄ: Money spent on business expenses is deductible. ÒµÎñ·½ÃæµÄ¿ªÖ§ÊÇ¿É¿Û³ýË°¿îµÄ. deduction / dI5dQkFn; dI`dQkFEn/ n ~ (from sth) 1 (a) [U] reasoning from general principles to a particular case; deducing ÍÆÑÝ; ÍÆÀí; ÑÝÒï: a philosopher skilled in deduction Éó¤ÍÆÀíµÄÕÜѧ¼Ò. (b) [C] conclusion reached by reasoning £¨ÍÆÀíËùµÃ³öµÄ£©½áÂÛ: It's an obvious deduction that she is guilty. ÍƶϳöµÄÃ÷ÏÔ½áÂÛÊÇËýÓÐ×ï. Cf ²Î¿´ induction 3. 2 (a) [U] deducting ¿Û³ý; ¼õ³ý: the deduction of tax from earnings ´ÓÊÕÈëÖп۳ýË°½ð. (b) [C] amount deducted ¿Û³ýµÄÁ¿: deductions from pay for insurance and pension ×Ô¹¤×ÊÖп۳ö×÷±£ÏÕ½ðºÍÍËÐݽðµÄÊý¶î. deductive / dI5dQktIv; dI`dQktIv/ adj of, using or reasoning by deduction(1a) ÍÆÀíµÄ; ÔËÓÃÍÆÀíµÄ; ÒÔÑÝÒïÈ¥ÍƶϵÄ. deductively adv. deed / di:d; did/ n 1 (fml ÎÄ) act; thing done Ðж¯; Ëù×öÖ®ÊÂ: be rewarded for one's good deeds Òò×öºÃʶøÊܵ½½±ÉÍ * deeds of heroism Ó¢ÐÛʼ£ * Deeds are better than words when people need help. ÔÚÐèÒª°ïÖúʱ, Ðж¯Ê¤ì¶ÓïÑÔ. =>Usage at act1 Ó÷¨¼ûact1. 2 (often pl ³£×÷¸´Êý) (law ÂÉ) signed agreement, esp about the ownership of property or legal rights ÆõÔ¼, Ö¤Ê飨ÓÈÖ¸Óйط¿µØ²ú»òºÏ·¨È¨ÀûÕߣ©. deed-box n strong box for keeping deeds and other documents Æõ¾ÝÎļþ±£ÏÕÏä. deed of covenant signed promise to pay a regular amount of money annually to a person, society, etc enabling the receiver to reclaim in addition the tax paid on the amount by the giver ¸¶¿îÆõ¾Ý£¨³ÐŵÿÄ긶ÓèijÈË¡¢ ijÉçÍÅÒ»¶¨½ð¶îµÄÆõÔ¼, ÊÜ¿îÈ˿ɾݴ˼æ»ñ¸¶¿îÈËΪ´Ë¿îËù¸¶Ö®Ë°¶î£©. deed poll legal deed made by one person only, esp to change his name µ¥±ßÆõ¾Ý£¨ÓÈÖ¸¸ÄÃûÕߣ©. deem / di:m; dim/ v [Tf, Tnt esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬, Cn.a esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬, Cn.n] (fml ÎÄ) consider; regard ÈÏΪ; ÊÓΪ: He deemed that it was his duty to help. ËûÈÏΪËûÓÐÔðÈμÓÒÔÔ®Öú. * She was deemed (to be) the winner. ÈËÃÇÈÏΪÊÇËý»ñʤ. * It is deemed advisable. ÕâÈÏΪÊÇ¿ÉÈ¡µÄ. * I deem it a great honour to be invited to address you. ÒªÎÒÏòÖîλ½²¼¸¾ä»°, ÎÒ¾õµÃ·Ç³£ÈÙÐÒ. deep / di:p; dip/ adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) extending a long way from top to bottom ÉîµÄ£¨´Ó¶¥¶ËÑÓÉìµ½µ×²¿£©: a deep well, river, trench, box ÉîµÄ¾®¡¢ ºÓ¡¢ ¹µ¡¢ Ïä×Ó. Cf ²Î ¿´ shallow. (b) extending a long way from the surface or edge ÉîµÄ£¨´Ó±íÃæ»ò±ßÔµÑÓÉ죩: a deep wound, cleft, border, shelf Éî½øÈ¥µÄÉË¿Ú¡¢ ÁÑ·ì¡¢ ±ßÔµ¡¢ ¸é°å * a big, deep-chested wrestler Éí²Ä¿ýÎà¡¢ Ðز¿ºÜºñµÄˤ½ÇÕß. (c) (after ns, with words specifying how far ÓÃì¶Ãû´Êáá, Óë˵Ã÷¶àÔ¶µÄ´ÊÁ¬ÓÃ) extending down, back or in ÉîµÄ£¨ÏòÏ¡¢ Ïòáá¡¢ ÏòÀïÑÓÉ죩: water six feet deep ÁùÓ¢³ßÉîµÄË® * a plot of land 100 feet deep, ie going back this distance from a road, fence, etc ÉîÔ¶´ï100Ó¢³ßµÄÍÁµØ * People stood twenty deep (ie in lines of twenty people one behind the other) to see her go past. ÈËÃÇÒ»²ã²ãÕ¾³É¶þÊ®ÅÅÒÔ¹Û¿´Ëý¾­¹ýµÄÇéÐÎ. 2 (a) [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] taking in or giving out a lot of air ÉîµÄ£¨Îü½ø»òºô³ö´óÁ¿¿ÕÆø£©: a deep sigh/breath ÉîÉîµÄ̾Ϣ[ºôÎü]. (b) going a long way down or through sth ÉîµÄ£¨ÑØijÎïÏòÏ»ò´©¹ýijÎ: a deep thrust/dive Éî´Ì[ÉîDZ]. 3 (of sounds) low in pitch; not shrill £¨Ö¸ÉùÒô£©µÍ³ÁµÄ, ²»¼âÈñµÄ: a deep voice, note, rumbling, etc µÍ³ÁµÄɤÒô¡¢ Òôµ÷¡¢ ¡¡ÉùµÈ. 4 (of sleep) from which one is not easily awakened £¨Ö¸Ë¯Ãߣ©²»Ò×ÐѵÄ, º¨Ë¯µÄ. 5 (of colours) strong; vivid £¨Ö¸ÑÕÉ«£©Å¨ÖصÄ, ÏÊÃ÷µÄ, ÏÊÑÞµÄ: a deep red ÉîºìÉ«. 6 [pred ×÷±íÓï] ~ in sth (a) far down in sth ÔÚijÎïÉîÔ¶´¦: with his hands deep in his pockets Ë«ÊÖÉî²åÔÚÒ´üÀï * rocks deep in the earth µØÏÂÉî´¦µÄÑÒʯ. (b) absorbed in sth; concentrating on sth רÐÄ춻ò¼¯ÖÐì¶Ä³ÊÂÎï: deep in thought, study, a book ³Á˼¡¢ רÐÄì¶Ñ§Ï°, È«Éñ¹á×¢ì¶ÊéÖÐ. (c) very involved in sth; overwhelmed by sth ÉîÏÝì¶Ä³ÊÂÎï; ±»Ä³ÊÂÎïµÄ¸ºµ£Ñ¹µ¹: deep in debt, difficulties ÉîÏÝì¶Õ®Îñ¡¢ À§ÄÑÖ®ÖÐ. 7 [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] (fig ±ÈÓ÷) (a) difficult to understand or find out ÄÑÒÔÀí½âµÄ; ÄÑÒÔ·¢ÏÖµÄ: a deep mystery, secret, etc ÄÑÒÔÀí½âµÄ°ÂÃî¡¢ ÄÑÒÔ·¢ÏÖµÄÃØÃÜ. (b) learned; profound ²©Ñ§µÄ; Ô¨²©µÄ; ÔìÒèÉîµÄ: a deep thinker ֪ʶԨ²©µÄ˼Ïë¼Ò * a person with deep insight ¾ßÓÐÔ¶¼û׿ʶµÄÈË * a deep discussion ÉîÈëµÄÌÖÂÛ. (c) concealing one's real feelings, motives, etc; devious Òþ²Ø×Ô¼ºÕæÕý¸ÐÇé¡¢ ¶¯»úµÈµÄ; ½Æ»«µÄ; ²»³ÏʵµÄ: He's a deep one. ËûÊǸö³Ç¸®ºÜÉîµÄÈË. 8 (a) (of emotions) strongly felt; intense £¨Ö¸Çé¸Ð£©¿ÉÇ¿ÁҸоõµ½µÄ, Ç¿ÁÒµÄ, ¾çÁÒµÄ: deep outrage, shame, sympathy, etc Ç¿ÁҵķßÅ­¡¢ ÐßÈè¡¢ ͬÇéÐĵÈ. (b) extreme ¼«¶ÈµÄ: in deep disgrace, trouble ÔÚ¼«¶ÈµÄ³ÜÈè¡¢ ¿àÄÕÖÐ. 9 (idm Ï°Óï) beauty is only skin deep => beauty. between the devil and the deep blue sea => devil1. go off the `deep end (infml ¿Ú) become extremely angry or emotional ±äµÃ¼«¶È·ßÅ­»ò¼¤¶¯: When I said I'd broken it, she really went off the deep end. ÎÒ˵ÎÒ°ÑËü¸øŪ»µÁË, Ëý¿ÉÕæÆø¼«ÁË. in deep `water(s) in trouble or difficulty ´¦ì¶Âé·³»òÀ§ÄÑÖ®ÖÐ: Having lost her passport, she is now in deep water. Ëý¶ªÁË»¤ÕÕÉíÏÝÀ§¶ò. of the blackest/deepest dye => dye2. throw sb in at the deep end (infml ¿Ú) introduce sb to the most difficult part of an activity, esp one for which he is not prepared ʹijÈË×ö×îÀ§ÄѵÄÊ£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÆäÎÞ×¼±¸µÄ£©. -deep (forming compound adjs ÓÃÒÔ¹¹³É¸´ºÏÐÎÈÝ´Ê) as far as a specified point Ô¶ÖÁijһµã: They stood knee-deep in the snow. ËûÃÇÕ¾ÔÚûϥÉîµÄÑ©Àï. * The grass was ankle-deep. ²ÝÉîÖÁ½Åõ×´¦. deepen / 5di:pEn; `dipEn/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become deep or deeper ±äÉî; ʹ£¨Ä³Î¸üÉî; ¼ÓÉî: The water deepened after the dam was built. µÌ°Ó½¨³ÉááË®ÒѼÓÉî. * The mystery deepens, ie becomes harder to understand. Õâ°ÂÃظüÄÑÀí½âÁË. * deepen a channel ¼ÓÉµÀ * the deepening colours of the evening sky Ö𽥻谵µÄĺɫ. deeply adv 1 a long way down or through sth ÉîÉîµØ: The dog bit deeply into his arm. ¹·Ò§ÁËËûµÄ¸ì±Û, Ò§µÃºÜÉî. 2 greatly; intensely ¼«´óµØ; Ç¿ÁÒµØ: deeply interested, indebted, impressed ¼«¸ÐÐËȤµÄ¡¢ ¼«Îª¸Ð¼¤µÄ¡¢ Ó¡Ïó¼«ÉîµÄ * She felt her mother's death deeply. Ëý¶ÔĸÇ×µÄËÀÉî¸Ð±¯Í´. deepness n [U]. deep-sea, deep-water adjs [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] of or in the deeper parts of the sea, away from the coast £¨Ô¶À뺣°¶£©ÔÚº£Ë®½ÏÉ·ÖµÄ: ,deep-sea `fishing É²¶Óã * a ,deep-sea `diver ÉDZˮÕß. the deep South southern states of the USA, esp Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and South Carolina ÃÀ¹úÄϲ¿ÖîÖÝ. deep space far distant regions beyond the earth's atmosphere or the solar system Éî¿Õ£¨µØÇò´óÆø²ãÍâ»òÌ«ÑôϵÍâÒ£Ô¶µÄ¿Õ¼ä£©. deep / di:p; dip/ adv (-er, -est) 1 far down or in ÉîÉîµØ: We had to dig deeper to find water. ÎÒÃDZØÐëÔÙÍÚÉîЩ²ÅÄÜÕÒµ½Ë®. * They dived deep into the ocean. ËûÃÇÉîÉîµØDZÈ뺣ÖÐ. * The gold lies deep in the earth. »Æ½ðÂñ²Ø춵ØÏÂÉî´¦. * He went on studying deep into the night. Ëû¼ÌÐøѧϰÖÁÉîÒ¹. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) deep `down (infml ¿Ú) in reality; in spite of appearances ʵ¼ÊÉÏ; ÔÚÐĵ×: She seems indifferent, but deep down she's very pleased. ËýòËÆÎÞ¶¯ì¶ÖÔ, ÆäʵÐÄÀï·Ç³£¸ßÐË. go `deep (of attitudes, beliefs, etc) be strongly and naturally held or felt £¨Ö¸Ì¬¶È¡¢ ÐÅÑöµÈ£©Ç¿ÁÒ, ¼á¶¨: Her faith goes very deep. ËýµÄÐÅÄîºÜ¼á¶¨. * Your maternal instincts go deeper than you think. ÄãµÄĸÐÔ±¾ÄÜÔ¶±ÈÄãÏëÏñµÄÇ¿. still waters run deep => still1. deep-freeze v (pt deep-froze, pp deep-frozen) [Tn] freeze (food) quickly in order to preserve it for long periods ѸËÙÀ䶳£¨Ê³Î£¨ÒԱ㱣´æ£©:,deep-frozen `fish ËÙ¶³Óã. n = freezer 1. deep-fry v (pt, pp deep-fried) [Tn] fry (food) in hot fat that completely covers it ÓÍÕ¨£¨Ê³Î. =>Usage at cook Ó÷¨¼ûcook. deep-laid adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] (of schemes, etc) secretly and carefully planned £¨Ö¸¼Æ»®¡¢ ÒõıµÈ£©ÃØÃܶø×Ðϸ²ß»®µÄ. deep-mined adj (of coal) taken from far down in the earth £¨Ö¸Ãº£©´ÓµØÏÂÉî´¦¿ª²ÉµÄ. Cf ²Î¿´ open-cast (open1). deep-rooted, deep-seated adjs profound; not easily removed ÉîÉîµÄ; ²»Ò×Òƶ¯µÄ: ,deep-rooted dis`like, `prejudice, su`spicion, etc ÄÑÒÔÏû³ýµÄÔ÷¶ñ¡¢ Æ«¼û¡¢ »³ÒÉµÈ * The causes of the trouble are deep-seated. ÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâµÄ²úÉúÓÉÀ´ÒѾÃ. deep / di:p; dip/ n the deep [sing] (dated or fml ¾É»òÎÄ) the sea º£Ñó. deer / dIE(r); dIr/ n (pl unchanged ¸´Êý²»±ä) any of several types of graceful, quick-running, ruminant animal, the male of which has antlers ¹. =>illus ¼û²åͼ. deerskin n [U] (leather made of) deer's skin ¹Ƥ; ¹Ƥ¸ï: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] ,deerskin `sandals ¹ƤÁ¹Ð¬. fallow deer / 5fAlEU dIE(r); `fAlo dIr/ (pl unchanged ¸´Êý²»±ä) small Eurasian deer with a brownish-yellow coat that has white spots in summer »Æռ¹£¨Å·ÑǵØÇø²úµÄÒ»ÖÖС¹, ëƤ³Ê×Ø»ÆÉ«, Ïļ¾Óаװߣ©. deerstalker / 5dIEstR:kE(r); `dIr9stRkL/ n cloth cap with two peaks, one in front and the other behind, and flaps for covering the ears ÁÔ¹ñ£¨ÓÐÇ°ááÁ½¸öÕÚéÜ, ñ±ß¿ÉÕÚ¶ú£©. =>illus at hat ¼ûhatÖ®²åͼ. Fid Def / 9fId 5def; 9fId `dZf/ abbr Ëõд = FD. deface / dI5feIs; dI`fes/ v [Tn] spoil the appearance or legibility of (sth) by marking or damaging the surface Ë𻵣¨Ä³ÎµÄÍâ¹Û»òÇåÎú¶È: Don't deface library books. ²»ÒªÎÛËðͼÊé¹ÝµÄÊé¼®. * The wall has been defaced with slogans. ÄǶÂǽÒòÌùÓбêÓï¶øÃæÄ¿È«·Ç. defacement n [U] defacing or being defaced Ëð»µÍâ±í. defame / dI5feIm; dI`fem/ v [Tn] attack the good reputation of (sb); say bad things about (sb) ÆÆ»µ£¨Ä³ÈË£©µÄÉùÓþ; ˵£¨Ä³ÈË£©µÄ»µ»°; ·Ì°ù; ÖÐÉË: The article is an attempt to defame an honest man. ÕâƪÎÄÕÂÖ¼ÔÚÚ®»ÙÒ»¸öÕýÖ±µÄÈË. defamation / 9defE5meIFn; 9dZfE`meFEn/ n [U] defaming or being defamed ·Ì°ù; ÖÐÉË: defamation of character ¶ÔÆ·ÐÔµÄÖÐÉË. defamatory / dI5fAmEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; dI`fAmE9tRrI/ adj intended to defame ·Ì°ùµÄ; ÖÐÉ˵Ä: a defamatory statement, book, etc ·Ì°ùËûÈ˵ÄÑÔÓï¡¢ ÊéµÈ. default / dI5fR:lt; dI`fRlt/ n 1 [U] (esp law ÓÈÓÃ춷¨ÂÉ) failure to do sth, esp to pay a debt or appear in court ²»×öijÊÂ; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©²»»¹Õ®, ²»³öÍ¥. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) by de`fault because the other party, team, etc does not appear Òò¶Ô·½¡¢ Ëû¶ÓµÈδ³ö³¡: win a case/a game by default Òò¶Ô·½Î´³öϯ[δ³ö³¡]¶øÓ®µÃËßËÏ[±ÈÈü]. in default of sth/sb (fml ÎÄ) because or in case sth/sb is absent ÒòijÎï[ijÈË]δÔÚ³¡; ÔÚÎÞijÎï[ijÈË]ʱ: He was acquitted in default of strong evidence of his guilt. ÒòÎÞÈ·ÔäÖ¤¾Ý¶øÅÐËûÎÞ×ï. * The committee will not meet in default of a chairman. ûÓÐÖ÷ϯίԱ»á¾Í²»¿ª»á. default / dI5fR:lt; dI`fRlt/ v (a) [I] fail to do what one is supposed to do (eg to appear in a lawcourt) δ×öÓ¦×öµÄÊ£¨Èç³öÍ¥£©; ²»ÂÄÐÐ; ²»µ½³¡; ²»³öÍ¥: A party to the contract defaulted. ¶©ÆõÔ¼µÄÒ»·½Î´µ½³¡. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) fail to pay (a debt, etc) δ¸¶£¨Õ®µÈ£©: default on hire purchase payments δ¸¶Ó¦·ÖÆÚ¸¶µÄ¿î. defaulter n 1 person who defaults ²»ÂÄÐÐÖ°ÔðÕß; δµ½³¡Õß; ²»³öÍ¥Õß; δ¸¶¿îÕß. 2 soldier guilty of a military offence ´¥·¸¾ü¼ÍµÄÊ¿±ø. defeat / dI5fi:t; dI`fit/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] win a victory over (sb); overcome սʤ£¨Ä³ÈË£©; »÷°Ü: The enemy was defeated in a decisive battle. µÐÈËÔÚÒ»³¡¾ö¶¨ÐÔµÄÕ½¶·Öб»»÷°Ü. * He has been soundly defeated at chess. ËûÔÚ¹ú¼ÊÏóÆå±ÈÈüÖÐÒ»°ÜÍ¿µØ. 2 [Tn] (infml ¿Ú) be puzzling for (sb); baffle ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©À§»ó; ÄÑס: I've tried to solve the problem, but it defeats me! Õâ¸öÎÊÌâÎÒÏë½â¾ö, µ«°ÑÎÒÄѵ¹ÁË! * Why you stay indoors on a beautiful day like this defeats me! ÌìÆøÕâÑùºÃÄãÈ´´ôÔÚÎÝÀï, Õæ½ÐÈËĪÃûÆäÃî! 3 [Tn] (a) stop (hopes, aims, etc) from becoming reality; thwart ʹ£¨Ï£Íû¡¢ Ä¿µÄµÈ£©²»ÄÜʵÏÖ; ×èÄÓ; ´ì°Ü: By not working hard enough you defeat your own purpose. ÄãÒò²»Ì«Å¬Á¦, ËùÒÔ´ï²»µ½×Ô¼ºµÄÄ¿µÄ. (b) prevent (an attempt, a proposal, etc) from succeeding ×èÄÓ£¨Ò»Æóͼ¡¢ Ìá°¸µÈ£©: We've defeated moves to build another office block. ÎÒÃÇÒÑ·ñ¾öÁí½¨Ò»×ù°ì¹«Â¥µÄ¶¯Òé. defeat n (a) [U] defeating or being defeated »÷°Ü; ʧ°Ü: suffer defeat Ô⵽ʧ°Ü * I never consider the possibility of defeat. ÎÒ´Óδ¿¼ÂÇÓÐʧ°ÜµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ. (b) [C] instance of this ʧ°Ü: six wins and two defeats for the team ¸Ã¶ÓÖ®Áùʤ¶þ¸º. defeatism / -IzEm; -IzEm/ n [U] attitude or behaviour that shows one expects not to succeed ʧ°ÜÖ÷Òå: Not bothering to vote is a sure sign of defeatism. Á¬Í¶Æ±¶¼²»Í¶, ´¿´âÊÇʧ°ÜÖ÷Òå. defeatist / -Ist; -Ist/ n person who shows defeatism ʧ°ÜÖ÷ÒåÕß. -- adj: I don't approve of your defeatist attitude. ÎÒ²»ÔÞ³ÉÄãÕâÖÖʧ°ÜÖ÷ÒåµÄ̬¶È. defecate / 5defEkeIt; `dZfE9ket/ v [I] (fml ÎÄ) push out waste from the body through the anus ÅÅ·à; ´ó±ã; ³ö¹§. defecation / 9defE5keIFn; 9dZfE`keFEn/ n [U]. defect / 5di:fekt, also dI5fekt; `difZkt, dI`fZkt/ n fault or lack that spoils a person or thing ȱµã; ²»×ãÖ®´¦; 벡; 覴Ã: a defect of character ÐÔ¸ñÉϵÄȱÏÝ * mechanical defects in a car Æû³µµÄ»úеȱÏÝ * defects in the education system ½ÌÓýÖƶȵIJ»×ãÖ®´¦. =>Usage at mistake1 Ó÷¨¼ûmistake1. defect / dI5fekt; dI`fZkt/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (to sth) leave a party, cause, country, etc, and go to another ±³ÅÑ; Åѱä; Åѵ³; Íѵ³; Åѹú; ͶµÐ; ±ä½Ú: She defected from the Liberals and joined the Socialists. ËýÍÑÀë×ÔÓɵ³, ¼ÓÈëÁËÉç»áµ³. * One of our spies has defected to the enemy. ÎÒÃǵÄÒ»ÃûÌع¤ÒÑÅѱäͶµÐ. defector n: a high-ranking defector seeking political asylum Ñ°ÇóÕþÖαӻ¤µÄÈθßÖ°µÄ±³ÅÑÕß. defection / dI5fekFn; dI`fZkFEn/ n ~ (from sth) 1 (a) [U] deserting a party, cause, religion, etc £¨¶Ôµ³ÅÉ¡¢ ÊÂÒµ¡¢ ×ڽ̵ȵģ©±³ÅÑ, Åѱä, ±ä½Ú. (b) [C] instance of this ±³ÅÑ; Åѱä; Åѵ³; Íѵ³; ÅѽÌ; ±ä½Ú: Discontent in the party will lead to further defections. µ³ÄڵIJ»ÂúÇéÐ÷½«µ¼Ö¸ü¶àµÄµ³Ô±Íѵ³. 2 (a) [U] leaving one's country permanently, usu because one disagrees with its political system È¥¹ú£¨Í¨³£Òò²»ÔÞͬÆäÕþÖÎÖƶȣ©. (b) [C] instance of this È¥¹ú: defections from a racist system ÍÑÀëÓÐÖÖ×åÆçÊÓÖƶȵÄ×æ¹ú. defective / dI5fektIv; dI`fZktIv/ adj ~ (in sth) having a defect or defects; imperfect or incomplete ÓÐȱµãµÄ; ²»ÍêÃÀµÄ; ²»ÍêÈ«µÄ: a defective machine, method, theory ÓÐȱÏݵĻúÆ÷¡¢ ·½·¨¡¢ ÀíÂÛ * defective in workmanship, character ¼¼ÒÕ²»¸ßµÄ¡¢ ÐÔ¸ñÉÏÓÐȱÏÝµÄ * Her hearing was found to be slightly defective. ËýµÄÌýÁ¦ÉÔÈõ. * a defective verb, ie one without the full range of endings that other verbs have, eg must ²»ÍêÈ«±ä»¯¶¯´Ê£¨²»ËÆÆäËûµÄÓÐÈ«²¿´Êβ±ä»¯µÄ¶¯´Ê£©. defectively adv. defectiveness n [U]. defence (US defense) / dI5fens; dI`fZns/ n 1 [U] ~ (against sth) (a) defending from attack; fighting against attack ·ÀÓù; ·À»¤; ±£ÎÀ: They planned the defence of the town. ËûÃǶ©³öÁ˸óǵķÀÓù¼Æ»®. * to fight in defence of one's country Ϊ±£ÎÀ×æ¹ú¶øÕ½ * weapons of offence and defence ½ø¹¥µÄºÍ·ÀÓùµÄÎäÆ÷. (b) [C] weapon, barrier, etc used for defending or protecting ÓÃ춱£ÎÀ»ò±£»¤µÄÎäÆ÷¡¢ ÆÁÕϵÈ: The high wall was built as a defence against intruders. ÐÞ½¨Õâ¶Â¸ßǽ×÷ΪÆÁÕÏÒÔ·ÀÍâÈË´³Èë. * The country's defences are weak. ¸Ã¹úµÄ·ÀÓùÄÜÁ¦±¡Èõ. * coastal defences, ie against attack from the sea º£°¶·ÀÓù¹¤Ê * Antibodies are the body's defences against infection. ¿¹ÌåÊÇÉíÌåµÖÓù¸ÐȾµÄÎäÆ÷. (c) [U] military measures for protecting a country ¹ú·À·½ÃæµÄ¾üÊ´ëÊ©: A lot of money is spent on defence. ¹ú·À·½ÃæµÄ¿ªÖ§ºÜ´ó. 2 (a) [C, U] ~ (against sth) (esp legal) argument used to answer an accusation or support an idea £¨ÓÈÖ¸·¨ÂÉÉÏ£©´ð±ç, ±ç»¤: counsel for the defence ±ç»¤ÂÉʦ * The lawyer produced a clever defence of his client. ÂÉʦ»úÖǵØΪίÍÐÈ˱绤. * The book is a brilliant defence of (ie argues in favour of) our policies. Õâ±¾Êé³öÉ«µØº´ÎÀÁËÎÒÃǵÄÕþ²ß. * She spoke in defence of her religious beliefs. ËýΪÆä×Ú½ÌÐÅÑö±ç»¤. (b) the defence [Gp] lawyer(s) acting for an accused person ±ç»¤ÂÉʦ: The defence argue/argues that the evidence is weak. ±ç»¤ÂÉʦÌá³öÀíÓÉÈÏΪ֤¾Ý²»³ä·Ö. Cf ²Î¿´ prosecution 2. 3 (sport Ìå) (a) [U] protection of a goal or part of the playing area from opponents' attacks ·ÀÊØ: She plays in defence. Ëý´òááÎÀ. (b) (usu ͨ³£×÷ the defence) [Gp] members of a team involved in this ·ÀÊضÓÔ±; ááÎÀ: He has been brought in to strengthen the defence. ÒÑÇëËûÀ´¼ÓÇ¿ááÎÀÁ¦Á¿. Cf ²Î¿´ offense. (c) [C] sporting contest in which a champion is challenged ¹Ú¾üÎÀÃáµÄ±ÈÈü: his third successful defence of the title ËûµÚÈý´ÎÎÀÃá³É¹¦. defenceless adj having no defence; unable to defend oneself ûÓзÀÎÀµÄ; ²»Äܱ£»¤×Ô¼ºµÄ: a defenceless child, animal, city ûÓÐ×ÔÎÀÄÜÁ¦µÄº¢×Ó¡¢ ¶¯Îï¡¢ ³ÇÊÐ. defencelessly adv. defencelessness n [U]. defend / dI5fend; dI`fZnd/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from/against sb/sth) (a) protect sb/sth from harm; guard sb/sth ±£»¤Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]ÃâÊÜÉ˺¦; ±£ÎÀijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: When the dog attacked me, I defended myself with a stick. Äǹ·ÆËÏòÎÒʱ, ÎÒÓù÷×Ó×ÔÎÀ. * defend sb from attack, an attacker, injury ±£»¤Ä³ÈËÃâÊܹ¥»÷¡¢ ÃâÔâÏ®»÷Õß¹¥´ò¡¢ ÒÔÃâÊÜÉË * defend one's country against enemies ÎÀ¹ú¿¹µÐ. (b) act, speak or write in support of sb/sth Ϊ֧³ÖijÈË[ijÊÂ]¶øÐж¯¡¢ ˵»°»òдÎÄÕÂ: defend one's actions, cause, ideas, leader Ϊ×Ô¼ºµÄÐÐΪ¡¢ ÊÂÒµ¡¢ Ïë·¨¡¢ Áìµ¼±ç»¤ * The newspaper defended her against the accusations. ±¨Ö½ÎªËý±ç»¤, ²µ³â¶ÔËýµÄÖ¸Ôð. * defend a lawsuit, ie fight against it in court ¶ÔËßËÏ°¸½øÐб绤 * You'll need stronger evidence to defend your claim to the inheritance. ÄãÐèÒª¸üÇ¿ÓÐÁ¦µÄÖ¤¾Ý²ÅÄÜΪÄãµÄÒŲú¼Ì³ÐȨ½øÐб绤. 2 (a) [I, Tn, Tn.pr] (sport Ìå) protect (the goal, etc) from one's opponents ·ÀÊØ£¨ÇòÃŵȣ©; ·ÀÎÀ: Some players are better at defending. ÓÐЩÔ˶¯Ô±½ÏÉó¤´ò·ÀÎÀ. * They had three players defending the goal (against attack). ËûÃÇÓÐÈý¸ö¶ÓÔ±·ÀÊØÇòÃÅ. (b) [Tn] (of a sports champion) take part in a contest to keep (one's position) £¨Ö¸Ô˶¯¹Ú¾ü£©²Î¼ÓÎÀÃá µÄ±ÈÈü: She's running to defend her 400 metres title. ËýΪ²õÁª400Ã×¹Ú¾ü¶ø²ÎÈü. defender n: He had to beat several defenders to score. ËûÒª³åÆƼ¸ÃûááÎÀµÄÀ¹½Ø²ÅÄܵ÷Ö. defendant / dI5fendEnt; dI`fZndEnt/ n person accused or sued in a legal case ±»¸æ; ±»¸æÈË. Cf ²Î¿´ plaintiff. defensible / dI5fensEbl; dI`fZnsEbl/ adj that can be defended ¿É±£ÎÀµÄ; ¿É·ÀÓùµÄ; ¿É±ç»¤µÄ: a defensible castle, position, theory ÄÜ·ÀÓùµÄ³Ç±¤¡¢ ¿É·ÀÊصÄÕóµØ¡¢ Õ¾µÃס½ÅµÄÀíÂÛ. defensive / dI5fensIv; dI`fZnsIv/ adj 1 used for or intended for defending ·ÀÓùÓõÄ; ·ÀÓùÐÔµÄ: defensive warfare, measures ·ÀÓùÕ½¡¢ ·ÀÓù´ëÊ© * a defensive weapon system to destroy missiles approaching the country´Ý»ÙÉäÏò¸Ã¹úµÄµ¼µ¯µÄ·ÀÓùÎäÆ÷ϵͳ. 2 ~ (about sb/sth) showing anxiety to avoid criticism or attack; hiding faults ·À±¸ÅúÆÀ»ò¹¥»÷µÄ; Òþ²ØȱµãµÄ: When asked to explain her behaviour, she gave a very defensive answer. ÓÐÈËÎÊËýΪʲ÷áÒªÕâÑù×ö, ËýÔò¼«Á¦Îª×Ô¼º±ç½â. * She's very defensive about her part in the affair. Ëý¼«Á¦ÑÚ¸ÇËýÔÚ´ËÊÂÖг䵱µÄ½ÇÉ«. Cf ²Î¿´ offensive 3. defensive n (idm Ï°Óï) on the defensive expecting to be attacked or criticized ½øÐзÀÓù; ²ÉÈ¡ÊØÊÆ: The team was thrown on(to) the defensive as their opponents rallied. ¸Ã¶ÓÔÚ¶ÔÊÖÖØÕûÆì¹Äáá, ±»ÆȲÉÈ¡ÊØÊÆ. * Talk about boy-friends always puts her on the defensive. һ̸µ½ÄÐÅóÓÑ, Ëý×ÜÊǽäÐÄÊ®×ã. defensively adv. defensiveness n [U]. defer / dI5f\:(r); dI`f[/ v (-rr-) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tg] ~ sth (to sth) delay sth until a later time; postpone sth ʹ£¨Ä³Ê£©ÑÓÆÚ; ÍƳÙ: deferred payment, ie made in instalments after purchase ·ÖÆÚ¸¶¿î * defer one's departure to a later date ÍƳÙÐÐÆÚ * defer making a decision ÔÝ»º¾ö¶¨. deferment, deferral / dI5f\:rEl; dI`f[El/ ns [U, C]. deferred shares shares (share1 3) on which dividends are paid only after they have been paid on all other shares ÑÓÆÚ¸¶Ï¢¹É·Ý. defer / dI5f\:(r); dI`f[/ v (-rr-) [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth give way to sb or sb's wishes, judgement, etc, usu out of respect ·þ´ÓijÈ˵ÄÒâÔ¸¡¢ ÅжϵÈ; £¨Í¨³£Îª£©×ñ´Ó: On technical matters, I defer to the experts. ÔÚ¼¼ÊõÎÊÌâÉÏ, ÎÒ×ñ´Óר¼ÒµÄÒâ¼û. * I defer to your greater experience in such things. ÔÚÕâЩÎÊÌâÉÏ, ÎÒ×ðÖØÄã·á¸»µÄ¾­Ñé. deference / 5defErEns; `dZfErEns/ n [U] 1 giving way to the views, wishes, etc of others, usu out of respect; respect ×ñ´Ó; ·þ´Ó; ˳´Ó; ×ð¾´; ×ðÖØ; ¾´ÖØ: treat one's elders with due deference ÒÔÓ¦ÓеÄ×ð¾´¶Ô´ý½Ï×Ô¼ºÄ곤µÄÈË * show deference to a judge ±íʾ¶Ô²ÃÅеÄ×ðÖØ. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) in deference to sb/sth out of respect for sb/sth ³ö춶ÔijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]µÄ×ðÖØ: In deference to our host I decided not to challenge his controversial remarks. ÎÒ³ö춶ÔÖ÷È˵Ä×ð¾´, ²»¶ÔËûÄÇÒ×ÒýÆðÕùÂ۵Ļ°±íʾÒìÒé. deferential / 9defE5renFl; 9dZfE`rZnFEl/ adj showing deference ˳´ÓµÄ; ¹§Ë³µÄ. deferentially / -FElI; -FElI/ adv. defiance / dI5faIEns; dI`faIEns/ n 1 [U] open disobedience or resistance; refusal to give way to authority or opposition; defying Î¥¿¹; ·´¿¹; ÃêÊÓ; ÃïÊÓ: The protesters showed their defiance of the official ban on demonstrations. ¿¹ÒéÕßÃêÊÓ¹Ù·½µÄʾÍþ½ûÁî. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) glare defiance at sb/sth => glare2. in defiance of sb/sth in spite of sb/sth; ignoring sb/sth ²»¹ËijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]; ÎÞÊÓijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: act in defiance of orders Î¥¿¹ÃüÁîµÄÐж¯ * She wanted him to stay, but he left in defiance of her wishes. ËýÒªËûÁôÏÂÀ´, µ«Ëû²¢²»Àí»á, »¹ÊÇ×ßÁË. defiant / dI5faIEnt; dI`faIEnt/ adj showing defiance; openly opposing or resisting sb/sth Î¥¿¹µÄ; ·´¿¹µÄ; ÃêÊÓµÄ; ÃïÊÓµÄ: a defiant manner, look, speech ÃïÊÓµÄ̬¶È¡¢ ÉñÉ«¡¢ »°Óï. defiantly adv. deficiency / dI5fIFnsI; dI`fIFEnsI/ n ~ (in/of sth) 1 (a) [U] state of lacking sth essential ȱ·¦; ȱÉÙ: Deficiency in vitamins/Vitamin deficiency can lead to illness. ÉíÌåȱ·¦Î¬ÉúËؾͻáÉú²¡. (b) [C] instance of this; shortage ȱ·¦; ØÑ·¦; ¶Ìȱ: suffering from a deficiency of iron »¼È±ÌúÖÊÖ¢×´ * deficiency diseases, ie those caused by a deficiency of eg vitamins in diet ÓªÑøȱ·¦²¡. 2 [C] lack of a necessary quality; fault ȱµã; ȱÏÝ; 벡: She can't hide her deficiencies as a writer. ËýÎÞ·¨ÑÚ¸ÇËýÉíΪ×÷¼ÒµÄ²»×ãÖ®´¦. deficient / dI5fIFnt; dI`fIFEnt/ adj (a) [usu pred ͨ³£×÷±íÓï] ~ in sth lacking in sth ȱ·¦; ȱÉÙ: be deficient in skill, experience, knowledge, etc ȱ·¦¼¼ÇÉ¡¢ ¾­Ñé¡¢ ֪ʶµÈ * a diet deficient in iron ȱÌúÖʵÄÈÕ³£Òûʳ. (b) (fml ÎÄ) incomplete; inadequate ²»ÍêÈ«µÄ; ²»ÍêÃÀµÄ; ²»Êʵ±µÄ; ²»³ä×ãµÄ: deficient funds, supplies ²»³ä×ãµÄ×ʽ𡢠¹©Ó¦ * Our knowledge of the matter is deficient. ÎÒÃǶԴËÊÂÁ˽ⲻ×ã. deficit / 5defIsIt; `dZfEsIt/ n (a) amount by which sth, esp a sum of money, is too small ²»×ã¶î£¨ÓÈÖ¸¿îÏ: We raised 100, and we need 250: that's a deficit of 150. ÎÒÃdzï´ëÁË100Ó¢°÷¶øÎÒÃÇÐèÒª250Ó¢°÷, »¹È±150Ó¢°÷. (b) excess of debts over income; amount of this excess ¿÷¿Õ¶î; ³à×Ö: Tax was low and state spending was high, resulting in a budget deficit. Ë°ÂʵͶøÕþ¸®Ö§³ö´ó, ½á¹û³öÏÖÔ¤Ëã³à×Ö. Cf ²Î¿´ surplus. defied pt, pp of defy. defile / dI5faIl; dI`faIl/ v [Tn] (fml or rhet ÎÄ»òÐÞ´Ç) 1 make (sth) dirty or impure ʹ£¨Ä³Î°¹Ôà»ò²»´¿: rivers defiled by pollution ÊÜÎÛȾµÄºÓÁ÷ * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) a noble cause defiled by the greed of its supporters ±»Óµ»¤ÕßµÄÌ°À·ËùçèÎ۵ĸßÉÐÊÂÒµ. 2 make (sth) unfit for holy ceremonies; desecrate Ùô䣨ÉñÃ÷£©: The altar had been defiled by vandals. ʥ̳Ôâµ½ÆÆ»µ¹«ÎïµÄÈ˹ÊÒâËð»µ. defilement n [U] defiling or being defiled ÎÛËð; ŪÔà; ÙôäÂ. defile / 5di:faIl; `difaIl/ n narrow pass through mountains ɽÖеÄÏÁµÀ. defile v [I] (of troops) march in single file or a narrow column £¨Ö¸²¿¶Ó£©³Éµ¥Ðлò×ݶÓÐнø. define / dI5faIn; dI`faIn/ v 1 [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) state precisely the meaning of (eg words) ¸ø£¨´ÊÓïµÈ£©Ï¶¨Òå. 2 [Tn, Tw] state (sth) clearly; explain (sth) ²ûÃ÷£¨Ä³Ê£©; ½âÊÍ£¨Ä³Ê£©: The powers of a judge are defined by law. ·¨¹ÙµÄȨÁ¦ÊÇÓÉ·¨Âɹ涨µÄ. * It's hard to define exactly what has changed. ºÜÄѽâÊÍÇå³þµ½µ×·¢ÉúÁËʲ÷á±ä»¯. 3 [Tn] show (a line, shape, feature, etc) clearly; outline Çå³þµØÏÔʾ³ö£¨ÏßÌõ¡¢ ÐÎ×´¡¢ ÌØáçµÈ£©; »­³ö...µÄÂÖÀª: When boundaries between countries are not clearly defined, there is usually trouble. ¹úÓë¹úµÄ±ß½çδÃ÷È·»®¶¨Ôòͨ³£»á·¢Éú¾À·×. * The mountain was sharply defined against the eastern sky. ÄÇ×ùɽÔÚ¶«·½Ìì¿ÕµÄ³ÄÍÐÏÂÏÔµÃÂÖÀª·ÖÃ÷. * a well-defined profile ÂÖÀªÇåÎúµÄ²àÃæÏñ. definable / -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj that can be defined ¿É϶¨ÒåµÄ; ¿ÉÒÔ½âÊ͵Ä; ÄÜÏÔʾÐÎ×´¡¢ ÌØáçµÈµÄ. definite / 5defInEt; `dZfEnEt/ adj (a) clear; not doubtful Çå³þµÄ; Ã÷È·µÄ; È·ÇеÄ: a definite decision, opinion, result, change Ã÷È·µÄ¾ö¶¨¡¢ Òâ¼û¡¢ ½á¹û¡¢ ±ä»¯ * I have no definite plans for tomorrow. ÎÒÃ÷ÌìûÓÐÈ·Çеļƻ®. * I want a definite answer, `yes' or `no'. ÎÒÒªÒ»¸öÃ÷È·µÄ´ð¸², £àÊÇ£§»¹Êǣ಻ÊÇ£§. (b) [pred ×÷±íÓï] ~ (about sth/that...) sure; certain ¿Ï¶¨; ÓаÑÎÕ: He seemed definite about what had happened. ËûºÃÏñ¶ÔËù·¢ÉúµÄÊÂÇéºÜÇå³þ. * It's now definite that the plane crashed. ÏÖÒѿ϶¨ÄǼܷɻúÒÑ×¹»Ù. definitely / 5defInEtlI; `dZfEnEtlI/ adv 1 in a definite manner Ã÷È·µØ; Çå³þµØ: She states her views very definitely. Ëý·Ç³£Ã÷È·µØ²ûÊö×Ô¼ºµÄ¹Ûµã. 2 certainly; undoubtedly ¿Ï¶¨µØ; ȷʵµØ: That is definitely correct. Äǿ϶¨ÕýÈ·. * Definitely not, ie No. ¿Ï¶¨²». 3 (infml ¿Ú) (in answer to questions) yes; certainly £¨ÓÃ춻شðÎÊÌ⣩ÊǵÄ, µ±È»: `Are you coming?' `Definitely!' £àÄãÀ´Âð?£§£àÒ»¶¨À´!£§ definite article the word `the' ¶¨¹Ú´Ê`the'. Cf ²Î¿´ indefinite article (indefinite). definition / 9defI5nIFn; 9dZfE`nIFEn/ n 1 (a) [U] stating the exact meaning (of words, etc) £¨´ÊÓïµÈµÄ£©ÊÍÒå: Dictionary writers must be skilled in the art of definition. ´ÊÊé±à×ëÕß±ØÐ뾫춸ø´ÊÓï϶¨ÒåµÄ¼¼ÇÉ. (b) [C] statement that gives the exact meaning (of words, etc) £¨´ÊÓïµÈµÄ£©¶¨Òå: Definitions should not be more difficult to understand than the words they define. ´ÊÓïµÄ¶¨Òå²»Ó¦±ÈËù½âÊ͵ĴÊÓï¸üÄÑÀí½â. 2 [U] (a) clearness of outline; making or being distinct in outline £¨ÂÖÀªµÄ£©ÇåÎú£¨¶È£©; ÏÊÃ÷£¨¶È£©: The photograph has poor definition. ÕâÕÅÕÕƬÂÖÀªºÜ²»Çå³þ. * They concentrated on better definition of the optical image. ËûÃÇÖÂÁ¦ì¶Ìá¸ß¸Ã¹âѧӰÏñµÄÏÊÃ÷¶È. (b) power of a lens (in a camera or telescope) to show clear outlines £¨ÕÕÏà»ú»òÍûÔ¶¾µÖУ©Í¸¾µµÄ·Ö½âÁ¦, ½âÏñÁ¦. 3 (a) [U] clear statement; outlining Çå³þµÄ˵Ã÷; »®³öµÄÂÖÀª: My duties require clearer definition. ÎÒµÄÖ°ÔðÐèÒª¸üÇå³þµÄ˵Ã÷. (b) [C] instance of this; outline Çå³þµÄ˵Ã÷; ÂÖÀª: The book attempts a definition of his role in world politics. ¸ÃÊéÒª²ûÃ÷µÄÊÇËûÔÚÊÀ½çÕþ¾ÖÖеÄ×÷ÓÃ. definitive / dI5fInEtIv; dI`fInEtIv/ adj clear and having final authority; that cannot or need not be changed Ã÷È·µÄ; ÓÐȨÍþµÄ; ²»ÄÜ»ò²»±Ø¸Ä±äµÄ; ¾ö¶¨ÐÔµÄ: a definitive answer, solution, verdict, etc Ã÷È·µÄ´ð¸²¡¢ È·ÇеĽâ¾ö·½·¨¡¢ ÅãÉóÍŵÄ×îÖղþö * Her book is the definitive work on Milton. ËýµÄÊéÊÇÂÛÊöÃ׶û¶ÙµÄȨÍþÖø×÷. * a definitive edition, eg one revised by the author himself Ñ¡¶¨°æ£¨Èç×÷ÕßÇ××ÔÐÞ¶©µÄ°æ±¾£©. definitively adv. deflate v 1 / dI5fleIt; dI`flet/ [Tn] (a) let air or gas out of (a balloon, tyre, etc); let down ·Å³ö£¨ÆøÇò¡¢ ÂÖÌ¥µÈ£©µÄÆø. (b) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) make (sb, esp sb proud or too confident) feel or appear embarrassed or discouraged ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË, ÓÈÖ¸½¾°ÁµÄ»ò×Ô¸ºµÄÈË£©ÞÏÞÎ, йÆø: I felt quite deflated by your nasty remark. ÄãÄÇЩÄÑÌýµÄ»°Ê¹ÎÒ¾õµÃÎÞµØ×ÔÈÝ. * Nothing could deflate his ego/pomposity, ie make him less self-assured or pompous. ÈκÎʶ¼²»ÄÜÏ÷ÈõËûµÄ×ÔÐÅÐÄ[ÆøÑæ]. 2 / 9di:5fleIt; di`flet/ [I, Tn] reduce the amount of money in circulation in(an economy), in order to lower prices or keep them steady ½ôËõ£¨Í¨»õ£©: The Government decided to deflate. Õþ¸®¾ö¶¨½ôËõͨ»õ. Cf ²Î¿´ inflate, reflate. deflation / -eIFn; -eFEn/ n [U] action of deflating (deflate 2) or state of being deflated йÆø. deflationary / 9di:5fleIFnErI; ?@ -nerI; di`fleFEn9ZrI/ adj causing or intended to cause monetary deflation ͨ»õ½ôËõµÄ: a deflationary policy, measure, etc ½ôËõͨ»õµÄ·½Õë¡¢ ´ëÊ©µÈ. deflect / dI5flekt; dI`flZkt/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from sth) (cause sth to) turn from its direction of movement £¨Ê¹Ä³ÎÔ˶¯×ªÏò: The missile deflected from its trajectory. µ¼µ¯ÒÑÆ«Àë¹ìµÀ. * The ball hit one of the defenders and was deflected into the net. ÇòÉäÖÐÒ»ÃûááÎÀáá·´µ¯½øÍø. * The bullet hit a wall and was deflected from its course. ×Óµ¯»÷ÖÐǽ±Ú¶ø¸Ä±äÁË·½Ïò. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) turn sb away from his intended course of action ʹijÈ˸ıäÔ­À´µÄ¼Æ»®: not easily deflected from one's purpose/aim ²»ÈÝÒ׸ıä×Ô¼ºµÄÒâͼ[Ä¿µÄ]. deflection / dI5flekFn; dI`flZkFEn/ n 1 (a) [U] deflecting (deflect 1) or being deflected תÏò. (b) [C] instance or amount of this תÏò; ƫб¶È: The smallest deflection of the missile could bring disaster. µ¼µ¯Óм«Î¢Ð¡µÄƫбҲ¿ÉÄÜÄð³ö´ó»ö. 2 [C, U] (amount of the) movement of a pointer or needle on a measuring device from its zero position Æ«²î£¨¶È£©. deflower / 9di:5flaUE(r); di`flaJL/ v [Tn] (arch or euph ¹Å»òÍñ) deprive (a woman) of her virginity, usu by sexual intercourse ʹ£¨Å®×Ó£©Ê§È¥Í¯Õê. defoliate / 9di:5fEUlIeIt; di`folI9et/ v [Tn] destroy the leaves of (trees or plants) »Ùµô£¨Ê÷ľ»ò»¨²Ý£©µÄÒ¶: forests defoliated by chemicals in the air ±»¿ÕÆøÖеĻ¯Ñ§ÎïÖʻٵôÊ÷Ò¶µÄÁÖľ. defoliant / 9di:5fEUlIEnt; di`folIEnt/ n chemical used on trees and plants to destroy the leaves ÍÑÒ¶¼Á. defoliation / 9di:fEUlI5eIFn; di9folI`eFEn/ n [U]. deforest / 9di:5fCrIst; ?@ -5fR:r-; di`fRrIst/ (also disafforest) v [Tn] remove forests from (a place) ³ýµô£¨Ä³µØ£©µÄÉ­ÁÖ. deforestation / di:9fCrI5steIFn; ?@ -9fR:r-; di9fRrEs`teFEn/ n [U]. deform / dI5fR:m; dI`fRrm/ v [Tn] spoil the shape or appearance of (sth) »Ù»µ£¨Ä³ÎïµÄ£©ÐÎ×´»òÍâ¹Û; ʹ£¨Ä³Î±äÐλò³É»ûÐÎ: deform a structure, limb, spine ʹһ½á¹¹¡¢ Ö«Ìå¡¢ ¼¹Öù±äÐÎ. deformation / 9di:fR:5meIFn; 9difRr`meFEn/ n (a) [U] process of deforming ±äÐÎ; »ûÐÎ. (b) [C] result of this ±äÐεĽá¹û: a deformation of the spine ¼¹ÖùµÄ»û±ä. deformed adj (of the body, or part of it) badly or unnaturally shaped £¨Ö¸ÉíÌå»òÉíÌåÖ®¾Ö²¿£©ÑÏÖرäÐεÄ, »ûÐεÄ: She has a deformed foot and can't walk very easily. ËýÓÐÒ»Ö»½Å»ûÐÎ, Ðж¯²»·½±ã. deformity / dI5fR:mEtI; dI`fRrmEtI/ n (a) [U] being deformed ±äÐÎ; »ûÐÎ. (b) [C] deformed part, esp of the body ±äÐεIJ¿·Ö£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÉíÌåµÄ£©: deformities caused by poor diet Òûʳ²»Á¼Ôì³ÉµÄ»ûÐÎ * He was born with a slight deformity of the foot which made him limp. ËûµÄ½ÅÉÔÓÐÏÈÌì»ûÐÎ, ×ßÆð·À´Ò»È³Ò»¹ÕµÄ. defraud / dI5frR:d; dI`frRd/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth) get sth from sb by deception; cheat sb ´ÓijÈË´¦Æ­È¡Ä³Îï; ÆÛƭijÈË: She was defrauded of her money by a dishonest accountant. ËýµÄÇ®±»Ò»¸ö¼éÕ©µÄ»á¼ÆÆ­È¥ÁË. defray / dI5freI; dI`fre/ v [Tn] (fml ÎÄ) provide money for (sth); pay for (sth) Ϊ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ¸¶¿î; Ö§¸¶: defray expenses, costs, etc Ö§¸¶¿ªÏú¡¢ ·ÑÓÃµÈ * My father has to defray my education. ÎÒ¸¸Ç×µÃÖ§¸¶ÎҵĽÌÓý·ÑÓÃ. defrayal / dI5freIEl; dI`freEl/ n [U]. defrock / 9di:5frCk; di`frBk/ v [Tn] = unfrock. defrost / 9di:5frCst; ?@ 9di:5frR:st; di`frRst/ v 1 [Tn] remove ice or frost from (sth) ³ýÈ¥£¨Ä³ÎµÄ±ù»ò˪: defrost the fridge, the car windscreen ¸ø±ùÏä¡¢ Æû³µµ²·ç²£Á§³ý˪. 2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become unfrozen £¨Ê¹Ä³Î½â¶³: A frozen chicken should be allowed to defrost completely before cooking. ¶³¼¦Ó¦³¹µ×½â¶³ááÔÙÅëµ÷. =>Usage at water1 Ó÷¨¼ûwater1. Cf ²Î¿´ unfreeze 1. deft / deft; dZft/ adj ~ (at sth/doing sth) skilful and quick, esp with the hands ÊìÁ·µÄ, ÁéÇɵÄ, Ãô½ÝµÄ£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÓÃÊÖ£©: With deft fingers she untangled the wire. ËýÓÃÁéÇɵÄÊÖÖ¸½â¿ªÁ˽ðÊôÏß. * She is deft at dealing with reporters. ËýÉÆì¶Óë¼ÇÕßÖÜÐý. deftly adv. deftness n [U]. defunct / dI5fQNkt; dI`fQNkt/ adj (fml or joc ÎÄ»òÚÊ) (a) (of people) dead £¨Ö¸ÈË£©ËÀµÄ. (b) (of practices, laws, etc) no longer in use £¨Ö¸×ö·¨¡¢ ·¨Âɵȣ©²»ÔÙʹÓõÄ, ¹ýʱµÄ. (c) no longer effective or treated with respect ʧЧµÄ; ²»ÔÙÊÜ×ðÖصÄ: a defunct organization ̱»¾µÄ×éÖ¯. defuse / 9di:5fju:z; di`fjuz/ v [Tn] 1 remove or make useless the device that sets off (a bomb, etc) ²ð³ý£¨Õ¨µ¯µÈ£©µÄÒýÐÅ. 2 (fig ±ÈÓ÷) reduce the dangerous tension in (a difficult situation) »ººÍ£¨À§ÄѾÖÃæ¡¡µÄ½ôÕÅ״̬: defuse tension, anger, a crisis ¼õÈõ½ôÕÅÆø·Õ¡¢ ƽϢŭ»ð¡¢ »ººÍΣ¼±¾ÖÃæ. defy / dI5faI; dI`faI/ v (pt, pp defied) 1 [Tn] (a) disobey or refuse to respect (sb, an authority, etc) Î¥¿¹, ·´¿¹, ÃêÊÓ, ÃïÊÓ£¨Ä³ÈË¡¢ ȨÍþµÈ£©: They defied their parents and got married. ËûÃÇÎ¥¿¹¸¸Ä¸µÄÒâÔ¸¶ø½á»éÁË. * defy the Government, the law, etc ÃïÊÓÕþ¸®¡¢ ·¨ÂɵÈ. (b) refuse to give in to (sb/sth); resist boldly ¾Ü¾øÏò£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]¡¡Èò½; Ó¸ҵصֿ¹: The army defied the enemy's forces. ÕâÖ§¾ü¶ÓÓ¢Ó¿¹µÐ. 2 [Tn] be so difficult as to make (sth) impossible £¨ÒòÓÐÀ§ÄÑ£©Ê¹£¨Ä³Ê£©²»¿ÉÄÜ, °ì²»µ½: The door defied all attempts to open it. ÕâÃÅÓÃʲ÷á°ì·¨Ò²´ò²»¿ª. * The problem defied solution, ie could not be solved. ´ËÎÊÌâÎÞ·¨½â¾ö. 3 [Dn.t] challenge (sb) to do sth one believes he cannot or will not do ¼¤£¨Ä³ÈË£©×öÆä²»ÄÜ»ò²»Ô¸×öµÄÊÂ: I defy you to prove I have cheated. ÎÒÁÂÄãÎÞ·¨Ö¤ÊµÎÒÆÛÆ­ÁËÈË. deg abbr Ëõд = (also symb ·ûºÅΪ ) degree (of temperature) £¨Î£©¶È: 42 degs/42 Fahrenheit 42»ªÊ϶È. degenerate / dI5dVenEreIt; dI`dVZnE9ret/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (into sth) pass into a worse physical, mental or moral state than one which is considered normal or desirable £¨ÌåÁ¦»ò¾«Éñ£©Ë¥ÍË; ¶éÂä; ¶ñ»¯: His health is degenerating rapidly. ËûµÄ½¡¿µ×´¿öѸËÙ¶ñ»¯. * Her commitment to a great cause degenerated from a crusade into an obsession. ËýÖÂÁ¦ì¶Ò»Î°´óÊÂÒµ, µ«Æä³ç¸ßµÄ·Ü¶·¾«ÉñÒѱäÖʳÉΪƫִµÄ¿ñÈÈ. degenerate / dI5dVenErEt; dI`dVZnErEt/ adj having lost the physical, mental or moral qualities that are considered normal or desirable Ë¥ÈõµÄ; ÍǷϵÄ; ¶éÂäµÄ: a degenerate art, society, age ¶éÂäµÄÒÕÊõ¡¢ Éç»á¡¢ ʱ´ú. degeneracy/ dI5dVenErEsI; dI`dVZnErEsI/ n [U] (a) state of being degenerate ¶éÂä; ¶ñ»¯; ÍË»¯. (b) process of becoming degenerate ¶éÂä¡¢ ¶ñ»¯¡¢ ÍË»¯µÄ¹ý³Ì. degenerate / dI5dVenErEt; dI`dVZnErEt/ n degenerate person or animal ¶éÂäµÄÈË; ÍË»¯µÄ¶¯Îï: This degenerate seduced my daughter! Õâ¸öµÀµÂ°Ü»µµÄÈ˹´ÒýÎÒµÄÅ®¶ù! degeneration / dI9dVenE5reIFn; dI9dVZnE`reFEn/ n [U] (a) process of degenerating ¶éÂä¡¢ ¶ñ»¯¡¢ ÍË»¯µÄ¹ý³Ì: Ageing is accompanied by a slow degeneration of his mental faculties. ËûËæÖøÄê¼ÍÔö³¤, ÖÇÁ¦Öð½¥Ë¥ÍË. (b) state of being degenerate ¶éÂä; ¶ñ»¯; ÍË»¯. degrade / dI5greId; dI`^red/ v 1 [Tn] cause (sb) to be less moral and less deserving of respect ±áµÍ£¨Ä³ÈË£©; ½µµÍ£¨Ä³ÈË£©µÄÉí·Ö; ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©¶ªÁ³: degrade oneself by cheating and telling lies ÒòÆÛÆ­ºÍ˵»Ñ¶ø½µµÍ×Ô¼ºµÄÉí·Ö * I felt degraded by having to ask for money. ÎÒ³öì¶ÎÞÄÎÏò±ðÈËҪǮ¶ø×Ô¾õÓÐʧ×ðÑÏ. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (chemistry or biology »¯»òÉú) (cause sth to) become less complex in structure £¨Ê¹Ä³Î½µ½â, ·Ö½â, ÍË»¯: degrade molecules into atoms ½«·Ö×Ó½µ½âΪԭ×Ó. degradation / 9degrE5deIFn; 9dZ^rE`deFEn/ n [U] degrading or being degraded ¶éÂä; ½µ½â; µÝ½µ·Ö½â; ÍË»¯: living in utter degradation, eg extreme poverty Éú»îÊ®·ÖÁʵ¹ * Being sent to prison was the final degradation. ¶éÂäµ½×îááµÄµØ²½¾ÍÊDZ»¹Ø½ø¼àÓü. degree / dI5gri:; dI`^ri/ n 1 [C] unit of measurement for angles ¶È, ¶ÈÊý£¨½ÇµÄÁ¿¶Èµ¥Î»£©: an angle of ninety degrees (90), ie a right angle 90¶È½Ç£¨Ö±½Ç£© * one degree of latitude, ie about 69 miles γ¶ÈµÄ1¶È£¨Ô¼69Ó¢À. =>App 5 ¼û¸½Â¼5. 2 [C] (abbr Ëõд deg) unit of measurement for temperature ¶È, ¶ÈÊý£¨Î¶ȵÄÁ¿¶Èµ¥Î»£©: Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit (32 F) or zero/nought degrees Celsius (0 C). Ë®½á³É±ùµÄζÈÊÇ32»ªÊ϶ȣ¨32¡¡£©»òÁãÉãÊ϶ȣ¨0¡æ£©. =>App 5 ¼û¸½Â¼5. 3 [C, U] step or stage in a scale or series ³Ì¶È; µÈ¼¶: She shows a high degree of skill in her work. ËýÔÚ¹¤×÷ÖбíÏÖ³ö¸ß¶ÈµÄ¼¼ÇÉ. * He was not in the slightest degree interested, ie was completely uninterested. ËûË¿ºÁ²»¸ÐÐËȤ. * To what degree (ie To what extent, How much) was he involved in the crimes? ËûÔÚ¶à´ó³Ì¶ÈÉϲÎÓëÁËÕâЩ·¸×ï»î¶¯? * She has also been affected, but to a lesser degree. ËýÒ²Êܵ½²¨¼°, µ«³Ì¶È½ÏÇá. * I agree with you to some/a certain degree. ÎÒÔÚijÖ̶ֳÈÉÏͬÒâÄãµÄÒâ¼û. 4 [U] (arch ¹Å) position in society ÔÚÉç»áÉϵĵØλ: people of high/low degree ¸ß[µÍ]½×²ãµÄÈË. 5 [C] academic title; rank or grade given by a university or college to sb who has passed an examination, written a thesis, etc ѧλ; ѧÏÎ: take (ie be awarded) a degree in law/a law degree »ñµÃ·¨ÂÉѧλ * the degree of Master of Arts (MA) ÎÄѧ˶ʿѧλ. 6 [C] (esp in compounds with first, second, etc ÓÈÓÃì¶ÓÐfirst¡¢ secondµÈµÄ¸´ºÏ´ÊÖÐ) step in a scale of seriousness ÑÏÖصij̶È: murder in the ,first de`gree, ie (in US), of the most serious kind * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] ,first-degree `murder * ,third-degree (ie very serious) `burns. 7 [C] (grammar) each of the three forms of comparison of an adjective or adverb ÐÎÈÝ´Ê»ò¸±´Ê±È½ÏµÈ¼¶µÄÈýÖÖÐÎʽ֮һ: degrees of comparison ±È½ÏµÄµÈ¼¶ * `Good', `better' and `best' are the positive, comparative and superlative degrees of `good'. good¡¢ better¡¢ bestÊÇgoodµÄÔ­¼¶¡¢ ±È½Ï¼¶¡¢ ×î¸ß¼¶. 8 (idm Ï°Óï) by de`grees gradually Öð½¥µØ: By degrees their friendship grew into love. ËûÃǵÄÓÑÒê½¥½¥·¢Õ¹³É°®Çé. to a de`gree (infml ¿Ú) very ·Ç³£; ºÜ: The film was boring to a degree. ÕⲿӰƬ·Ç³£¿ÝÔï. to the nth degree => nth. dehumanize, dehumanise / 9di:5hju:mEnaIz; di`hjumE9naIz/ v [Tn] take human qualities away from (sb) ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©Ê§È¥ÈËÐÔ: Torture always dehumanizes both the torturer and his victim. ÑÏÐÌ¿½´òÍùÍùʹʩÐÌÕߺÍÊÜÐÌÕ߶¼É¥Ê§ÈËÐÔ. dehumanization, -isation / di:9hju:mEnaI5zeI-Fn; ?@ -nI5z-; di9hjumEnE`zeFEn/ n [U]. dehydrate / 9di:5haIdreIt; di`haIdret/ v 1 [Tn esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] remove water or moisture from (esp food, to preserve it) ´Ó£¨ÓÈָʳÎÖÐÈ¥µôË®·Ö»ò³±Æø£¨ÒԱ㱣´æ£©; ÍÑË®: dehydrated vegetables, eggs, milk, eg in powdered form ÍÑË®Ê߲ˡ¢ µ°¡¢ Å£ÄÌ£¨Èç³Ê·Ûĩ״£©. 2 [I] (of the body, tissues, etc) lose water or moisture £¨Ö¸ÉíÌå¡¢ ×éÖ¯µÈ£©ÍÑË®, ʧˮ: Her body had dehydrated dangerously with the heat. ËýÒòÊÜ¿áÈÈÉíÌåÍÑË®, Çé¿öΣ´ù. dehydration / 9di:haI5dreIFn; 9dihaI`dreFEn/ n [U] (a) loss of water or moisture ʧˮ; ÍÑË®: dying of dehydration ÒòÍÑË®¶øÑÙÑÙһϢ. (b) state of being dehydrated ÍÑˮ״̬. deify / 5di:IfaI; `diE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] make a god of (sb/sth); worship as a god ½«£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]¡¡·îÈôÉñÃ÷; Éñ»¯: Primitive peoples deified the sun. ԭʼÃñ×彫̫Ñô·î×÷Éñ. deification / 9di:IfI5keIFn; 9diEfE`keFEn/ n [U] deifying or being deified Éñ»¯: the deification of a Roman emperor ¶ÔÂÞÂí»ÊµÛµÄÉñ»¯. deign / deIn; den/ v [Tt] (sometimes derog or ironic ÓÐʱ×÷±áÒå»ò×÷·´Óï) be kind or gracious enough (to do sth); condescend Çü×ð, ¸©¾Í£¨×öijÊ£©: He walked past me without even deigning to look at me. Ëû´ÓÎÒÉíÅÔ×ß¹ý, ¾¹Ã»ÓÐÇü×ð¿´ÎÒÒ»ÑÛ. deism / 5di:IzEm; `diIzEm/ n [U] belief in the existence of God that is based more on natural laws of the world than on divine revelation ×ÔÈ»ÉñÂÛ£¨Ò»ÖÖ¶ÔÉñµÄÐÅÑö, ÆäÀíÂÛ»ù´¡ÊÇ´ó×ÔÈ»µÄ¹æÂɶø²»ÊÇÉñµÄÆôʾ£©. Cf ²Î¿´ theism. deist / 5di:Ist; `diIst/ n person who holds such a belief ×ÔÈ»ÉñÂÛÕß. deity / 5di:ItI; `diEtI/ n 1 (a) [C] god or goddess Éñ; Å®Éñ: Roman deities ÂÞÂíÖîÉñ. (b) the Deity [sing] God ÉϵÛ. 2 [U] divine quality or nature; state of being a god or goddess ÉñÐÔ; ÉñµÄÉí·Ö. deja vu / 9deIVB: 5vju:; deVB`vju/ (French ·¨) [U] 1 feeling that one remembers an event or scene that one has not experienced or seen before ËÆÔø¾­Àú, ËÆÔøÏà¼û£¨ÈÏΪ×Ô¼ºÔø¾­Àú¹ý»ò¼û¹ýijÊÂÎïµÄ»Ã¾õ£©: I had an odd sense of deja vu just as you said that. Äã¸Õ²ÅÌáµ½µÄÊÂ, ÎÒÓÐÒ»ÖÖËÆÔø¾­Àú¹ýµÄÆæ¹Ö»Ã¾õ. 2 (infml ¿Ú) feeling that one has experienced sth too often ¶Ôijʾ­Àú¹ý¶àµÄ¸Ð¾õ: There was an awful feeling of deja vu at the annual office party. ¶ÔÒ»ÄêÒ»¶ÈµÄͬʾۻá, ×ÜÓÐÒ»ÖÖÄêÄêÈçÊǵÄÑá¾ë¸Ð. dejected / dI5dVektId; dI`dVZktId/ adj depressed; sad ¾ÚÉ¥µÄ; ´¹Í·É¥ÆøµÄ; ÇéÐ÷µÍÂäµÄ; ÓôÓô²»ÀÖµÄ: dejected-looking campers in the rain ÔÚÓêÖÐÉñÇé¾ÚÉ¥µÄ¶ӪÕß * Repeated failure had left them feeling very dejected. ËûÃÇÈý·¬Îå´Îʧ°ÜááÇéÐ÷·Ç³£µÍÂä. dejectedly adv. dejection / dI5dVekFn; dI`dVZkFEn/ n [U] sad or dejected state; depression ÓÇÓô; ¾ÚÉ¥; ÇéÐ÷µÍÂä: The loser sat slumped in dejection. ʧ°ÜÕß´¹Í·É¥ÆøµØ×øÖø, È«Éí̱Èí. dekko / 5dekEU; `dZko/ n (idm Ï°Óï) have a dekko (at sth) (dated Brit sl ¾É, Ùµ) have a look ¿´Ò»ÑÛ; ÇÆ; Ƴ: Have a dekko at this wheel: the tyre's flat. ÇÆÇÆÕâ¸öÂÖ×Ó, ÂÖÌ¥±ñÁË. delay / dI5leI; dI`le/ v 1 [I, In/pr, Tn] (cause sb to) be slow or late ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©Âý»ò³Ùµ½; µ¢¸é; ÑÓÎó: Don't delay! Book your holiday today! ±ðÍÏÑÓ! ½ñÌì¾Í¶¨ÏÂÄãÐݼٵÄÈÕ×Ó! * She delayed (for) two hours and missed the train. Ëýµ¢¸éÁ½¸öСʱ, °Ñ»ð³µÎóÁË. * I was delayed by the traffic. Òò½»Í¨×èÈû, ÎÒ³Ùµ½ÁË. 2 [Tn, Tg] put (sth) off until later; postpone ÍƳ٣¨Ä³Ê£©; ÑÓÆÚ: We must delay our journey until the weather improves. ÎÒÃDZØÐë°ÑÂÃÐÐÍƳÙ, µÈÌìÆøºÃתÔÙ˵. * Why have they delayed opening the school? ËûÃÇΪʲ÷áÑÓÆÚ¿ªÑ§? delay n 1 [U] delaying or being delayed µ¢¸é; ÑÓÎó; ÍƳÙ; ÑÓÆÚ: We must leave without delay. ÎÒÃDZØÐëÁ¢¼´À뿪. 2 [C] amount of time for which sb/sth is delayed ±»µ¢¸é»òÍƳٵÄʱ¼ä: There was a delay (of two hours) before the plane took off. ·É»úÆð·ÉÍƳÙÁË£¨Á½¸öСʱ£©. delayed-action adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] operating after an interval of time ÔÚ¸ôÒ»¶Îʱ¼äáá½øÐеÄ: a de,layed-action `fuse, `bomb, `camera ÑÓʱÈÛ¶ÏÆ÷¡¢Õ¨µ¯¡¢ÕÕÏà»ú delectable / dI5lektEbl; dI`lZktEbl/ adj (fml ÎÄ) (esp of food) delightful; pleasant £¨ÓÈָʳÎÁîÈËϲ°®µÄ, ºÏÒâµÄ, ÃÀζµÄ: a delectable meal ÃÀ²Í * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) What a delectable little girl! ¶à÷á¿É°®µÄС¹ÃÄï! delectably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv. delectation / 9di:lek5teIFn; 9dilZk`teFEn/ n [U] (fml or joc ÎÄ»òÚÊ) enjoyment; entertainment »¶Óé; ÏíÀÖ: And now for your further delectation, we present a selection of popular melodies. ΪʹÄãÃǸü¼ÓÓä¿ì, ÎÒÃÇ·îÏ׸øÄãÃÇÒ»×龫ѡµÄÁ÷ÐиèÇú. delegate / 5delIgEt; `dZlI^Et/ n person chosen or elected by others to express their views (eg at a meeting or conference) ´ú±í£¨Èç³öϯ»áÒéÕߣ©. delegate / 5delIgeIt; `dZlE9^et/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tnt] ~ sb (to sth) (a) choose or send sb as a representative ÌôÑ¡»òίÅÉijÈË×÷´ú±í: delegate sb to a conference/to attend a conference Ñ¡ÅÉijÈË×÷´ú±í³öϯ»áÒé. (b) choose sb to carry out (duties, a task, etc) ÌôÑ¡»òίÅÉijÈËÖ´ÐУ¨Ö°Ôð¡¢ ÈÎÎñµÈ£©: The new manager was delegated to reorganize the department. ÅÉÕâλо­ÀíÖØÐÂ×éÖ¯¸Ã²¿ÃÅ. 2 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) entrust (duties, rights, etc) to sb in a lower position or grade ½«£¨Ö°Ô𡢠ȨÀûµÈ£©Î¯Íиøϼ¶; ÊÚȨ¸ø: A boss must know how to delegate (work). µ±ÀÏ°åµÄÒªÖªÈËÉÆÈÎ. * The job had to be delegated to an assistant. ÕâÏ×÷µÃ½»¸øÖúÊÖÈ¥×ö. delegation / 9delI5geIFn; 9dZlE`^eFEn/ n 1 [U] delegating or being delegated ´ú±í; ίÍÐ. 2 [CGp] group of delegates ´ú±íÍÅ: She refused to meet the union delegation. Ëý¾Ü¾ø½Ó¼û¹¤»á´ú±íÍÅ. delete / dI5li:t; dI`lit/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) cross out or deliberately omit (sth written or printed) ɾ³ý»òɾÂÔ£¨ÎÄ×Ö£©: The editor deleted the last paragraph (from the article). ±à¼­É¾³ýÁË£¨ÎÄÕµģ©×îááÒ»¶Î. deletion / dI5li:Fn; dI`liFEn/ n (a) [U] deleting or being deleted ɾ³ý. (b) [C] word, passage, etc that has been deleted ɾ³ýµÄ´Ê¡¢ ¶ÎÂäµÈ. deleterious / 9delI5tIErIEs; 9dZlE`tIrIEs/ adj ~ (to sb/sth) (fml ÎÄ) harmful ÓꦵÄ: have a deleterious effect on a child's development ¶Ôº¢×ӵķ¢ÓýÓв»Á¼Ó°Ïì. deleteriously adv. delft / delft; dZlft/ (also delftware / 5delftweE(r); `dZlft-9wZr/) n [U] type of glazed earthenware, usu with blue decoration ´ú¶û·òÌØÌÕÆ÷£¨Í¨³£ÓÐÀ¶É«Í¼°¸£©. deli / 5delI; `dZlI/ n (infml ¿Ú) delicatessen shop Êìʳµê. deliberate / dI5lIbErEt; dI`lIbErEt/ adj 1 done on purpose; intentional ¹ÊÒâµÄ; ÓÐÒâµÄ; ÐîÒâµÄ: a deliberate insult, lie, act ÐîÒâµÄÎêÈè¡¢ ´æÐıàÔìµÄ»ÑÑÔ¡¢ ¹ÊÒâµÄÐÐΪ. 2 unhurried; careful ²»»Å²»Ã¦µÄ; СÐÄÒíÒíµÄ; ÉóÉ÷µÄ: She has a slow, deliberate way of talking. Ëý̸»°µÄ·½Ê½»ºÂý¶øÉóÉ÷. * making very deliberate gestures for emphasis ×ö³ö·Ç³£³ÁÎȵÄÊÖÊÆÒÔʾǿµ÷. deliberately adv: a deliberately calm tone of voice ´ÓÈݲ»ÆȵÄƽ¾²Éùµ÷ * She said it deliberately to provoke me. Ëý¹ÊÒâ˵Õâ¼þÊÂÏòÎÒÌôÐÆ. deliberate / dI5lIbEreIt; dI`lIbE9ret/ v [I, Ipr, Tw] ~ (about/on sth) (fml ÎÄ) think or talk carefully ×Ðϸ¿¼ÂÇ»ò̸ÂÛ: We had no time to deliberate (on the problem). ÎÒÃÇûÓÐʱ¼ä×Ðϸ˼¿¼£¨Õâ¸öÎÊÌ⣩. * deliberate what action to take ×Ðϸ¿¼ÂÇÒª²ÉÈ¡µÄÐж¯ * deliberate whether to leave or not ÈÏÕæ×ÁÄ¥ÊÇ·ñÀ뿪. deliberation / dI9lIbE5reIFn; dI9lIbE`reFEn/ n 1 [U, C] careful consideration or discussion ×ÐϸµÄ¿¼ÂÇ»òÉÌÒé; ÉóÒé: After long deliberation, they decided not to buy. ËûÃÇÉÌÁ¿Á˺ܳ¤Ê±¼äáá, ¾ö¶¨²»ÂòÁË. * What was the result of your deliberation(s)? Äã×Ðϸ¿¼ÂÇáá½á¹ûÈçºÎ? 2 [U] slowness of movement; carefulness »ºÂý; ´ÓÈÝ; ÉóÉ÷: speak, take aim, walk with great deliberation ´ÓÈݲ»ÆȵØ˵¡¢ Ãé×¼¡¢ É¢²½. delicacy / 5delIkEsI; `dZlEkEsI/ n 1 [U] softness or tenderness when touched ÈáÈí; ϸÄÛ: the delicacy of the fabric, a child's skin ÏËάµÄÈáÈí¡¢ Сº¢Æ¤·ôµÄ½¿ÄÛ. 2 [U] delicate structure; fineness ¾«ÖÂ; ÓÅÑÅ: the delicacy of her features ËýÄÇÇåÐãµÄÈÝò. 3 (a) [U] skill or careful treatment ¾«ÇÉ; СÐĵĴ¦Àí: the delicacy of her playing, workmanship, carving ËýÑÝ×à¡¢ ÊÖÒÕ¡¢ µñ¿ÌµÄ¾«ÇÉ. (b) [U] tact and restraint in human relations; sensitivity £¨È˼ʹØϵÖеģ©¼¼Çɺͽ÷É÷; Ãô¸Ð: She spoke with delicacy of our recent loss. Ëý»úÃôÍñתµØ̸µ½ÎÒÃÇ×î½üµÄËðʧ. * Don't forget the delicacy of our position, ie Remember the need for tact, etc. ²»ÒªÍü¼ÇÎÒÃǵĴ¦¾³, Ðè½÷É÷´ÓÊÂ. 4 [U] (of colours, food, smells) pleasantness that does not strongly affect the senses £¨Ö¸ÑÕÉ«¡¢ ʳÎï¡¢ Æø棩ÈáºÍ, ¾«ÃÀ, ÇåÏã: a shade, wine, scent of great delicacy ¾«ÃÀµÄµÆÕÖ¡¢ ´¼ÏãµÄÆÏÌѾơ¢ ·Ò·¼µÄÆøζ. 5 [C] type of food thought to be delicious, esp in a particular place ÕäâÊ, ¼ÑëÈ£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÓÐij´¦·çζµÄ£©: The local people regard these crabs as a great delicacy.µ±µØÈËÈÏΪÕâЩó¦Ð·ÊÇÕäâÊÃÀζ. delicate / 5delIkEt; `dZlEkEt/ adj 1 soft or tender when touched; made of sth fine or thin ÈáÈíµÄ; ÈáºÍµÄ; ½¿ÄÛµÄ: as delicate as silk ÈáÈíÈçË¿³ñ * a baby's delicate skin Ó¤¶ù½¿ÄÛµÄƤ·ô. 2 very carefully made or formed; fine; exquisite ¾«ÖµÄ; ÓÅÃÀµÄ; ¾«ÇɵÄ: a delicate mechanism, structure, etc ¾«ÇɵĻúеװÖᢠ½á¹¹µÈ * the delicate beauty of a snowflake Ñ©»¨µÄ¾«ÃÀ. 3 (a) easily injured or damaged; fragile ÈÝÒ×ÊÜÉË»òÊÜËðµÄ; Ò×ËéµÄ; ´àÈõµÄ: delicate china Ò×ËéµÄ´ÉÆ÷ * a delicate plant ½¿ÈõµÄÖ²Îï. (b) becoming ill easily; not strong ÈÝÒ×Éú²¡µÄ; ²»Ç¿×³µÄ: a delicate child, constitution ÊÝÈõµÄº¢×Ó¡¢ ÉíÇû * She has been in delicate health for some time. ËýÉíÌåÇ·¼ÑÒÑÓÐЩʱÈÕÁË. 4 (a) showing or needing much skill or careful treatment ¾«ÖµÄ; Ðè¼¼ÇɵÄ; ¾«ÐÄ´¦ÀíµÄ: the delicate craftsmanship of a fine watch ÖÆÔìºÃ±íµÄ¾«Õ¿¼¼ÒÕ * a delicate surgical operation, eg on sb's eyes ¾«Ï¸µÄÍâ¿ÆÊÖÊõ£¨ÈçÑÛ¿ÆÊÖÊõ£© * her delicate playing of the sonata ËýÑÝ×à×àÃùÇúµÄ¡¡Êì¼¼ÇÉ. (b) showing or needing tact and good judgement in human relations; sensitive £¨ÔÚÈ˼ʹØϵÖУ©Óм¼ÇɵÄ, µÃµ±µÄ, µÃÌåµÄ, ΢ÃîµÄ: I admired your delicate handling of the situation. ÎÒºÜÇÕÅåÄãÕâÑùÇÉÃîµØ´¦ÀíÁËÕâÖÖ¾ÖÃæ. * We're conducting very delicate negotiations. ÎÒÃÇÕýÔÚ½øÐÐÊ®·ÖÉóÉ÷µÄ̸ÅÐ. 5 (of the senses or of instruments) able to detect or show very small changes or differences; sensitive £¨Ö¸¸Ð¹Ù¡¢ ÒÇÆ÷£©¾«ÃܵÄ, ÁéÃôµÄ: a delicate sense of smell/touch ÁéÃôµÄÐá¾õ[´¥¾õ] * Only a very delicate thermometer can measure such tiny changes in temperature. Ö»Óзdz£ÁéÃôµÄζȼƲÅÄܲâ³öÕâÑù΢СµÄζȱ仯. 6 (a) (of colours) not intense; soft £¨Ö¸ÑÕÉ«£©ÈáºÍµÄ, µ­µÄ, dzµÄ: a delicate shade of pink µ­·ÛºìÉ«. (b) (of food or its taste) pleasing and not strongly flavoured £¨Ö¸Ê³Îï»òζµÀ£©ÃÀζµÄ, Çåµ­¿É¿ÚµÄ: the gentle, delicate flavour of salmon öÙÓãÇåµ­¿É¿ÚµÄζµÀ * Veal is too delicate for a spicy sauce. СţÈâÇåµ­¿É¿Ú²»Ò˶à¼Óµ÷ÁÏ. (c) (of smell) pleasing and not strong £¨Ö¸Æø棩ÈáºÍµÄ, µ­µÄ: a delicate perfume, fragrance, aroma, etc µ­ÑŵÄÏãË®¡¢ ·¼Ïã¡¢ ÏãÆøµÈ. > delicately adv: delicately carved statues µñ¿Ì¾«ÖµÄËÜÏñ * a delicately phrased compliment ´ë´Ê¸ßÑŵÄÔÞ´Ê. delicatessen / 9delIkE5tesn; 9dZlEkE`tZsn/ n (a) [C] shop selling prepared foods, often unusual or imported, ready for serving (esp cooked meat, smoked fish, cheeses, etc) Êìʳµê£¨ÓÈÖ¸¹©Ó¦ÊìÈâ¡¢ ѬÓã¡¢ ǬÀҵȵģ©. (b) [U] such food Êìʳ. delicious / dI5lIFEs; dI`lIFEs/ adj giving pleasure, esp to the senses of taste and smell ÃÀζµÄ; ¿É¿ÚµÄ; ·¼ÏãµÄ: a delicious meal, cake, flavour ¿É¿ÚµÄ·¹¡¢ ¸âµã¡¢ ζµÀ * It smells delicious! ÎÅÆðÀ´¶àÏã°¡! * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) What a delicious joke! ¶àÓÐȤµÄЦ»°! deliciously adv: a deliciously creamy soup ¿É¿ÚµÄÄÌÓÍÌÀ. delight / dI5laIt; dI`laIt/ n 1 [U] great pleasure; joy ¸ßÐË; ¿ìÀÖ; Óä¿ì: give delight to sb ʹijÈË¿ìÀÖ * To our great delight, the day turned out fine. ÎÒÃǸе½¸ßÐ˵ÄÊÇÌìÆøתÇçÁË. 2 [C] cause or source of pleasure ʹÈ˸ßÐ˵ÄÔ­Òò: Her singing is a delight. ËýµÄ¸èÉùʹÈË¿ìÀÖ. * the delights of living in the country ÔÚÏç´åÉú»îµÄÀÖȤ. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) take delight in sth/doing sth find pleasure in sth/doing sth (esp sth cruel or wrong) ÒÔijÊÂÎï[×öijÊÂ]ΪÀÖ£¨ÓÈÖ¸²ÐÈ̵ÄÊ»ò»µÊ£©: He takes great delight in proving others wrong. ËûµÄ¼«´óÀÖȤÊÇ֤ʵ±ðÈË´íÁË. delightful / -fl; -fEl/ adj ~ (to sb) giving delight ʹÈË¿ìÀÖµÄ; ÁîÈËÓä¿ìµÄ: a delightful holiday, melody, conversation ÁîÈËÓä¿ìµÄ¼ÙÈÕ¡¢ Çúµ÷¡¢ ̸»° * No news could be more delightful to me. ÕâÏûÏ¢×îÁîÎÒ¸ßÐË. delightfully / -fElI; -fElI/ adv. delight / dI5laIt; dI`laIt/ v 1 [Tn] give great pleasure to (sb); please greatly ¸ø£¨Ä³ÈË£©ÀÖȤ; ʹÓä¿ì: Her singing delighted everyone. ËýµÄ¸èÉùʹ´ó¼ÒºÜÓä¿ì. 2 [Ipr no passive ²»ÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬, It] ~ in sth/doing sth take great (and often cruel) pleasure in sth; enjoy sth ÒÔijÊÂÎïΪÀÖ£¨³£Îª²ÐÈ̵ÄÊ£©; ϲºÃijÊÂÎï: He delights in teasing his younger sister. ËûÒÔϷŪËûÃÃÃÃΪÀÖ. * (fml ÎÄ) She delights to be surrounded by admirers. Ëýϲ»¶Éí±ß´ØÓµÖø°®Ä½ËýµÄÈË. delighted adj ~ (at sth/to do sth/that...) very pleased; showing delight ·Ç³£¸ßÐ˵Ä; ÏÔʾÓä¿ìµÄ: a delighted smile, look, child Óä¿ìµÄ΢Ц¡¢ Ñù×Ó¡¢ Сº¢ * I'm delighted at your success/to hear of your success/that you succeeded. ÎÒ¶ÔÄãµÄ³É¹¦[Ìýµ½Äã³É¹¦µÄÏûÏ¢/¶ÔÄãÒÑ»ñ³É¹¦]¸Ðµ½ºÜ¸ßÐË. * `Will you come to the party?' `I'd be delighted (to)!' £àÄãÀ´²Î¼Ó¾Û»áÂð?£§£àºÜÔ¸ÒâÀ´!£§ delimit / di:5lImIt; dI`lImIt/ v [Tn] fix the limits or boundaries of (sth) È·¶¨£¨Ä³ÊÂÎµÄ·¶Î§»ò½çÏß: The first chapter delimits her area of research. µÚÒ»Õ²ûÃ÷ÁËËýµÄÑо¿ÁìÓò. delimitation / di:9lImI5teIFn; dI9lImE`teFEn/ n [C, U]. delineate / dI5lInIeIt; dI`lInI9et/ v [Tn] (fml ÎÄ) show (sth) by drawing or describing; portray »­³ö»òÃèÊö³ö£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ; Ãè»æ; Ãèд: delineate sb's features, character Ãè»æijÈ˵ÄÃæò¡¢ ÐÔ¸ñ * delineate one's plans ÃèÊöijÈ˵ļƻ®. delineation / dI9lInI5eIFn; dI9lInI`eFEn/ n [C, U]. delinquency / dI5lINkwEnsI; dI`lINkwEnsI/ n (a) [U, C] minor crime such as vandalism, esp when committed by young people ²»ÑÏÖصÄ×ÈçÆÆ»µ¹«Îï, ÓÈÖ¸ÇàÉÙÄêËùΪÕߣ©: juvenile delinquency ÉÙÄê·¸×ï. (b) [U] failure to perform one's duty ʧְ: The captain's delinquency led to the loss of the ship. ´¬³¤Ê§Ö°¶øËðʧÁËÒ»ËÒÂÖ´¬. delinquent / dI5lINkwEnt; dI`lINkwEnt/ n, adj (person) doing wrong or failing to perform a duty ×ö´íʵĻòʧְµÄ£¨ÈË£©: a juvenile delinquent ÉÙÄêÎ¥·¨Õß * delinquent behaviour ʧְÐÐΪ * a delinquent soldier ·¸¹ýµÄÊ¿±ø. deliquescent / 9delI5kwesnt; 9dZlE`kwZsnt/ adj (chemistry »¯) becoming liquid by absorbing moisture from the air ³±½âµÄ. delirious / dI5lIrIEs; dI`lIrIEs/ adj 1 (a) suffering from delirium ÉñÖ¾»èÂÒµÄ; ÚÞÍýµÄ: He's so delirious he doesn't know where he is. Ëû¾«Éñ´íÂÒ, ¾¹²»Öª×Ô¼ºÉíÔںδ¦. (b) showing the effects of delirium ÏÔʾ¾«Éñ´íÂÒµÄ: a delirious condition, reply ¿ñÂÒµÄ״̬¡¢ »Ø´ð. 2 (fig ±ÈÓ÷) very excited and happy ·Ç³£¼¤¶¯µÄ; ÌرðÓä¿ìµÄ: The children were delirious (with joy) as they opened the parcels. º¢×ÓÃÇ´ò¿ª°ü¹üʱÐÀϲÈô¿ñ. deliriously adv: raving deliriously ·è¿ñµØºð½Ð * deliriously happy ¿ñϲ. delirium / dI5lIrIEm; dI`lIrIEm/ n [U] 1 mental disturbance caused by (esp feverish) illness, resulting in restlessness and often wild talk ¾«Éñ´íÂÒ, ˵ºú»°£¨ÓÈÖ¸Òò·¢ÉÕµÈÒýÆðÕߣ©: exhausted by the fever and delirium Òò·¢ÉÕ˵ºú»°¶øÆ£±¹²»¿°. 2 (fig ±ÈÓ÷) excited happiness ¿ñϲ. delirium tremens / -5tri:menz; -`trimEnz/ (abbr Ëõд DT(s)) delirium caused by extreme alcoholism Õð²üÐÔÚÞÍý£¨Óɹý¶ÈÊȾÆÒýÆð£©. deliver / dI5lIvE(r); dI`lIvL/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb/sth) take (letters, parcels, goods, etc) to the places or people they are addressed to µÝËÍ, ´«ËÍ£¨Ðżþ¡¢ °ü¹ü¡¢ »õÎïµÈ£©: We deliver (your order) to your door! ÎÒÃÇËÍ»õÉÏÃÅ! * A courier delivered the parcels (to our office). Ëͼ±¼þµÄÈ˽«°ü¹üËÍÀ´£¨Ë͵½ÎÒÃǰ칫ÊÒ£©ÁË. * Did you deliver my message to my father? Äã°ÑÎÒµÄÐÅÏ¢´«¸øÎÒ¸¸Ç×ÁËÂð? 2 (a) [Tn.pr only passive Ö»ÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] be ~ed of sb (fml ÎÄ) give birth to (a child) Éú£¨Ð¡º¢¶ù£©: She was delivered of a healthy boy. ËýÉúÁËÒ»¸ö½¡¿µµÄÄк¢¶ù. (b) [Tn] help a mother to give birth to (a child) ЭÖú²ú¸¾·ÖÃä; Öú²ú; ½ÓÉú: Her baby was delivered by her own doctor. ËýµÄÓ¤¶ùÊÇÓÉËý×Ô¼ºµÄÒ½Éú¸ø½ÓÉúµÄ. (c) [Tn.pr] ~ oneself of sth (fml ÎÄ) state sth ·¢ÑÔ; ·¢±í: deliver oneself of an opinion, a judgement, etc ·¢±íÒâ¼û¡¢ ¿´·¨µÈ. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up/over) (to sb) (fml ÎÄ) give sth up; hand sth over; surrender sth ·ÅÆúijÊÂÎï; ½»³öijÎï: deliver (up) a fortress to the enemy ÆúÊØÒªÈûÈεÐÈËÕ¼¾Ý * deliver over one's property to one's children °Ñ²Æ²ú½»¸ø×ÓÅ®. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] give (a lecture, sermon, speech, etc) ÊÚ£¨¿Î£©; ½²£¨µÀ£©; ½²£¨»°£©: She delivered a talk on philosophy to the society. Ëý¸øѧ»á×÷ÁËÒ»´ÎÓйØÕÜѧµÄ½²»°. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) (arch ¹Å) rescue sb (from sth); save sb; free sb Õü¾ÈijÈË; ½â¾ÈijÈË; ÊÍ·ÅijÈË: May God deliver us from evil. Ô¸ÉϵÛÕü¾ÈÎÒÃÇÍÑÀë×ï¶ñ. 6 (a) [Tn] throw or launch (sth) in flight; release ͶÖÀ, ·¢É䣨ijÎ; ·Å³ö: In cricket, the ball is delivered overarm. ´ò°åÇòʱ, Òª¾Ù±Û¹ý¼çÖÀÇò. * The missile is delivered from underground. ÕâÖÖµ¼µ¯ÓɵØÏ·¢Éä. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] give (a blow) ¸øÓ裨´ò»÷£©: deliver a blow to the jaw ¸øò¢²¿Ò»»÷ * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) The teacher delivered a sharp rebuke to the class. ½Ìʦ¼â¿ÌµØÉê³âÁËÈ«°àѧÉú. 7 (infml ¿Ú) (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) give what is expected or promised ²»¸ºËùÍû; ÂÄÐÐŵÑÔ: They promise to finish the job in June, but can they deliver (on that)? ËûÃÇ´ðÓ¦ÁùÔ·ÝÍê³ÉÕâÏ×÷, µ«ËûÃÇÄÜ˵µ½×öµ½Âð? (b) [Tn] achieve (a level of performance) ´ïµ½£¨Ä³Ò»ÄÜÁ¦¡¢ ÐÔÄܵȵÄˮƽ£©: The new model delivers speed and fuel economy. ÕâÖÖÐÂÐÍÉè¼ÆÄÜÌá¸ßËٶȡ¢ ½ÚԼȼÁÏ. * If you can't deliver improved sales figures, you're fired! ÄãÒªÊDz»ÄÜÌá¸ßÏúÊÛ¶î, ¾Í°ÑÄã½â¹Í! 8 (idm Ï°Óï) come up with/deliver the goods => goods. deliverer n 1 person who delivers (deliver 1, 2, 3, 4) µÝËÍÕß; Öú²úÕß; Êö˵Õß; ·ÅÆúÕß; ½»¸¶Õß; ÊÚ¿ÎÕß; ½²µÀÕß; Ñݽ²Õß. 2 rescuer; saviour Õü¾ÈÕß; ¾ÈÐÇ. deliverance / dI5lIvErEns; dI`lIvErEns/ n [U] ~ (from sth) being freed or rescued ±»ÊÍ·Å; ±»Õü¾È: They prayed for an early deliverance from captivity. ËûÃÇΪÔçÈÕ»ñÊͶøÆíµ». delivery / dI5lIvErI; dI`lIvErI/ n 1 (a) [U] delivering (of letters, goods, etc) µÝËÍ, ͶµÝ, ½»¸¶£¨Ðżþ¡¢ »õÎïµÈ£©: Your order is ready for delivery. Ä㶩¹ºµÄ»õÎï¿ÉËæʱ½»¸¶. * Please pay on (ie at the time of) delivery. Çë춽»»õʱ¸¶¿î. (b) [C] goods, mail, etc delivered £¨µÝËÍ»ò½»¸¶µÄ£©»õÎï¡¢ ÓʼþµÈ: We had a big delivery of coal today. ½ñÌìÎÒÃÇÊÕµ½´óÅú¶©¹ºµÄú. (c) [C] instance of delivering (parcels, goods, etc) £¨°ü¹ü¡¢ »õÎïµÈµÄ£©µÝËÍ, ½»¸¶: We have two postal deliveries each day. ÎÒÃÇÿÌìÊÕµ½Á½´ÎÐÅ. 2 [C, U] process of birth ·ÖÃä: an easy/difficult delivery ˳[ÄÑ]²ú * the first stage of delivery µÚÒ»²ú³Ì. 3 [sing] manner of speaking (in lectures, etc) £¨ÔÚ½²¿ÎµÈÖеģ©½²»°·½Ê½, ·ç¶È, ̬¶È: Her poor delivery spoilt an otherwise good speech. ËýµÄÑݽ²ÔÚ¸÷·½Ã涼ºÜºÃ, È´Òò±í´ï¼¼Çɲî¶ø¹¦¿÷Ò»óñ. 4 (a) [U] throwing or launching in flight (of a ball, missile, etc) £¨ÇòµÄ£©Í¶ÖÀ; £¨µ¼µ¯µÄ£©·¢Éä. (b) [C] ball thrown (esp one bowled in cricket or thrown in baseball) ͶÖÀµÄÇò£¨ÓÈÖ¸°åÇò»ò°ôÇò£©: a fast, hostile delivery ¿ìËÙͶÇò¡¢ Ͷ³öµóÇò. 5 (idm Ï°Óï) cash on delivery => cash. take delivery (of sth) receive sth ÊÕµ½Ä³Îï: When can you take delivery of the car? Äãʲ÷áʱºò²ÅÄÜÊÕµ½ÄÇÁ¾Æû³µ? delivery note (esp Brit) note, usu in duplicate, sent with goods and signed by the person receiving them ËÍ»õµ¥£¨Í¨³£Óи±±¾, Óë»õÎïÒ»ÆðËͳö, ÓÉÊÕ»õÈËÇ©ÊÕ£©. delivery van (US delivery truck) van used for delivering goods ÏáʽËÍ»õ³µ. dell / del; dZl/ n small valley, usu with trees on its sides Сɽ¹È£¨Í¨³£Á½±ßÓÐÊ÷£©. delouse / 9di:5laUs; di`laJs/ v [Tn] remove the lice from (sb/sth) ÏûÃð£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]£©µÄÊ­×Ó. Delphic / 5delfIk; `dZlfIk/ adj 1 of the ancient Greek oracle at Delphi Ìضûì³Ö®¹ÅÏ£À°ÉñÚ͵Ä. 2 mysterious or unclear because more than one meaning is possible Éî°ÂÄѽâµÄ; º¬Òå²»Ã÷µÄ; ÒâÒåÄ£ÀâÁ½¿ÉµÄ: a Delphic utterance ÓïÒ⺬»ì²»ÇåµÄ»°. delphinium / del5fInIEm; dZl`fInIEm/ n garden plant with tall spikes of (usu blue) flowers ·ÉÑà²Ý£¨Ô°ÒÕÖ²Îï, ¿ªËë×´»¨, ͨ³£ÎªÀ¶É«£©. delta / 5deltE; `dZltE/ n 1 the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet (}, ) Ï£À°×Öĸ±íµÄµÚËĸö×Öĸ£¨}, £©. 2 triangular area of alluvial land at a river's mouth, enclosed or crossed by branches of the river £¨ºÓ¿ÚµÄ£©Èý½ÇÖÞ: the Nile Delta ÄáÂÞºÓÈý½ÇÖÞ. delta wing aircraft aircraft with swept-back wings that give it a triangular appearance Èý½ÇÒí·É»ú. delude / dI5lu:d; dI`lud/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth/into doing sth) deliberately mislead sb; deceive sb Ú¿»óijÈË; ÆÛƭijÈË; ºåƭijÈË: a poor deluded fool ÊÜÆ­µÄ¿ÉÁ¯Éµ¹Ï * delude sb with empty promises ÒÔÐé¼ÙµÄŵÑÔºåƭijÈË * delude oneself with false hopes ÒÔÐé»ÃµÄÏ£ÍûÆÛÆ­×Ô¼º * delude sb/oneself into believing that... ÆÛƭijÈË[×Ô¼º]ÎóÒÔΪ.... deluge / 5delju:dV; `dZljudV/ n 1 (a) great flood or rush of water ºéË®; ´óË®Á÷: When the snow melts, the mountain stream becomes a deluge. Ñ©ÈÚ»¯Ê±, ɽ¼äϪÁ÷±ä³Éɽºé±©·¢. (b) heavy fall of rain ´ó±©Óê; ÇãÅè´óÓê: I got caught in the deluge on the way home. ÎÒÔڻؼҵÄ·ÉÏÓöµ½ÇãÅè´óÓê. 2 (fig ±ÈÓ÷) great quantity of sth that comes all at once ͬʱӿÀ´µÄ´óÁ¿ÊÂÎï: a deluge of work, words, letters Ó¿À´µÄ´óÁ¿¹¤×÷¡¢ ÌÏÌϲ»¾øµÄ»°¡¢ ·×ÖÁí³À´µÄÐżþ. deluge v [esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬: Tn, Tn.pr] 1 ~ sth (with sth) flood sth (with sth) £¨ÒÔijÎÑÍûijÎï: The town was deluged with thick slimy mud. ¸Ã³Çµ½´¦¶¼ÊÇÓÖºñÓÖð¤µÄÄà. 2 ~ sb/sth (with sth) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) send or give sb/sth a very large quantity of sth £¨ÊÂÎӿÏÖ: I was deluged with phone calls. Îҵĵ绰Ӧ½Ó²»Ï¾. * We advertised the job and were deluged with applications. ÎÒÃǵdzöÁËÕâÏ×÷µÄ¹ã¸æ, ÊÕµ½µÄÉêÇëÊé²»¼ÆÆäÊý. delusion / dI5lu:Vn; dI`luVEn/ n 1 [U] deluding or being deluded Ú¿»ó; ÆÛÆ­: His arguments sound convincing but they're based on delusion. ËûµÄÂÛ¾ÝÌýÆðÀ´ËƺõÓÐÀí, µ«¸ù±¾ÉÏÊÇÆÛÆ­ÐÔµÄ. 2 [C] false opinion or belief, esp one that may be a symptom of madness »ÃÏë, ÍýÏë, ´í¾õ£¨ÓÈÖ¸¿ÉÄÜÒò¾«Éñ´íÂÒËùÖ£©: be under a delusion/under the delusion that... ÓÐ...µÄ´í¾õ * suffer from delusions »¼ÍýÏëÖ¢ * Your hopes of promotion are a mere delusion. ÄãÌáÉýµÄÏ£ÍûÖ»²»¹ýÊÇÒ»ÖÖ»ÃÏë. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) delusions of `grandeur false belief in one's own importance Íý×Ô×ð´ó: She wants to travel first-class: she must have delusions of grandeur. ËýÏë×øÍ·µÈ²ÕÂÃÐÐ, ËýÒ»¶¨×ÔÒÔΪºÜÁ˲»Æð. delusive / dI5lu:sIv; dI`lusIv/ adj not real; misleading ²»ÕæʵµÄ; Ú¿»óµÄ; Æ­È˵Ä; ʹÈ˲úÉú´í¾õµÄ: a delusive belief, impression, etc ÐéÍýµÄÐÅÄî¡¢ ʹÈ˲úÉú´í¾õµÄÓ¡Ïó. delusively adv. delve / delv; dZlv/ v 1 [Ipr] ~ in/into sth (a) search or rummage in sth ÔÚijÎïÖÐËÑÑ°»ò·­²é: She delved in her bag and pulled out a pen. ËýÔÚÌá°üÀï·­ÕÒ, ÄóöÒ»Ö¦¸Ö±Ê. * delve into a drawer, box, pocket, etc for sth ÔÚ³éÌë¡¢ ºÐ×Ó¡¢ Ò´üµÈÀïÑ°ÕÒijÎï. (b) try to find information about sth; study sth ̽Ë÷; ×êÑÐ: a writer delving in medieval French literature Ñо¿ÖÐÊÀ¼Í·¨¹úÎÄѧµÄ×÷¼Ò * She delved into the origins of the custom. Ëý̽¾¿ÕâÖÖÏ°Ë×µÄÆðÔ´. 2 [I] (arch ¹Å) dig ÍÚ¾ò. Dem abbr Ëõд = (US) Democrat; Democratic. Cf ²Î¿´ Rep 2. dem(o)- comb form ¹¹´Ê³É·Ö of people or population È˵Ä; ÈË¿ÚµÄ: demagogue * democracy * demographic. demagnetize, demagnetise / 9di:5mAgnItaIz; di`mA^nE9taIz/ v [Tn] remove the magnetic properties of (sth) ³ýÈ¥£¨Ä³ÎµÄ´ÅÐÔ. demagnetization, -isation / 9di:-mAgnItaI5zeIFn; 9dimA^nEtE`zeFEn/ n. demagogue / 5demEgCg; `dZmE9^B^/ n political leader who tries to win people's support by using emotional and often unreasonable arguments ¹Æ»óÃñÐĵÄÕþ¿Í. demagogic / 9demE5gCgIk; 9dZmE`^B^Ik/ adj of or like a demagogue £¨ËÆ£©¹Æ»óÃñÐĵÄÕþ¿ÍµÄ; ¹Æ»óÃñÐĵÄ; É¿¶¯ÐÔµÄ. demagogy / 5demEgCgI; `dZmE9^B^I/ n [U] principles and methods of a demagogue ¹Æ»óÃñÐĵIJßÂÔºÍÊÖ¶Î. demand / dI5mB:nd; ?@ dI5mAnd; dI`mAnd/ n 1 [C] ~ (for sb to do sth); ~ (for sth/that...) command, or sth which is given as if it was a command ÒªÇó; ÇëÇó: receive a tax demand ½Óµ½ÄÉ˰֪ͨ * It is impossible to satisfy all your demands. Âú×ãÄãËùÓеÄÒªÇóÊDz»¿ÉÄܵÄ. * The workers' demands for higher pay were refused by the employers. ¹¤ÈËÒªÇóÌá¸ß¹¤×ÊÔâµ½¹ÍÖ÷¾Ü¾ø. * There have been fresh demands for the Prime Minister to resign. ÈËÃÇ×î½ü²»¶ÏÒªÇóÊ×Ïà´ÇÖ°. * demands for reform/that there should be reform ¸Ä¸ïÒªÇó. 2 [U] ~ (for sth/sb) desire of customers for goods or services which they wish to buy or use £¨¹Ë¿ÍµÄ£©ÐèÇó, ÐèÒª: We blame poor overseas demand for the car's failure. ÎÒÃǽ«Æû³µÖÍÏú¹é¾Ì춺£ÍâÐèÇóÁ¿Ì«µÍ. * Demand for skilled workers is high; but there is no demand for unskilled ones. ·Ç³£ÐèÒªÊìÁ·¹¤ÈË, µ«È´²»ÐèÒªÉúÊÖ. * Demand for fish this month exceeds supply. ±¾Ô·ÝÓ㹩²»Ó¦Çó. 3 [C] (also de`mand note) note that requires sb to pay money owed, eg income tax ½É¿î֪ͨ. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) in de`mand much wanted; popular ·Ç³£ÐèÒªµÄ; ÊÜ»¶Ó­µÄ: Good secretaries are always in demand. ºÃµÄÃØÊé×ÜÊǺܶàÈ˶¼ÐèÒªµÄ. * She is in great demand as a singer. ËýÊǸöÊ®·ÖÊÜ»¶Ó­µÄ¸èÊÖ. make demands of/on sb oblige sb to use a lot of skill, strength, etc ÐèҪijÈËÓø߶ȼ¼ÇÉ¡¢ ºÜ´óÁ¦ÆøµÈ: This new aircraft makes tremendous demands of the pilot. ÕâÖÖзɻúÐèÒª·ÉÐÐÔ±Óм«¸ßµÄ¼¼ÇÉ. on de`mand whenever asked for Ò»¾­ÒªÇó: a cheque payable on demand ¼´Ê±¶ÒÏÖµÄ֧Ʊ * She's in favour of abortion on demand. ¶Ôì¶È˹¤Á÷²ú, ËýÔÞ³ÉÓÐÇó±ØÓ¦. demand bill, demand loan (esp US) bill/loan that must be paid when payment is demanded ¼´¸¶»ãƱ[»îÆÚ´û¿î]. Cf ²Î¿´ supply and demand (supply). demand / dI5mB:nd; ?@ dI5mAnd; dI`mAnd/ v 1 [Tn, Tf, Tt] ask for (sth) as if one is commanding, or as if one has a right to do so ÒªÇó, ÇëÇó£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ: demand an apology (from sb) ÒªÇó£¨Ä³ÈË£©µÀǸ * The workers are demanding better pay. ¹¤ÈËÒªÇóÌá¸ß¹¤×Ê. * She demanded (to know) my business. Ëý¹ýÎÊÎÒµÄÊÂÇé. * He demands that he be told/demands to be told everything. ËûÒªÇó½«Ò»Çж¼¸æËßËû. 2 [Tn] require (sth); need ÐèÇó£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ; ÐèÒª: This sort of work demands great patience. ÕâÖÖ¹¤×÷ÐèÒª¼«´óÄÍÐÔ. * Does the letter demand an immediate answer? ie Must it be answered at once? Õâ·âÐÅÐèÒªÁ¢¼´´ð¸²Âð? demanding / dI5mB:ndIN; ?@ dI5mAndIN; dI`mAndIN/ adj (a) (of a task, etc) needing much patience, skill, effort, etc £¨Ö¸ÈÎÎñµÈ£©ÐèÒªºÜ´óÄÍÐÔ¡¢ ¼¼ÇÉ¡¢ ŬÁ¦µÈµÄ: a demanding job, schedule, etc ÐèÒª¸ß¶È¼¼ÇɵŤ×÷¡¢ ÐèŬÁ¦²ÅÄÜʵÏֵļƻ®. (b) (of a person) making others work hard, meet high standards, etc £¨Ö¸ÈË£©¶ÔËûÈËÒªÇó¸ßµÄ, ¿ÁÇóµÄ: a demanding boss, father, etc ¿ÁÇóµÄÀÏ°å¡¢ ¸¸Ç×µÈ * Children are so demanding: they need constant attention. º¢×ÓÃÇ×ÜÓÐËùÇó, ÐèҪʱ¿ÌÕÕ¹ËËûÃÇ. demarcate / 5di:mB:keIt; dI`mBrket/ v [Tn] mark or fix the limits of (sth) ±ê³ö»òÈ·¶¨£¨Ä³ÊÂÎµÄ½çÏß: The playing area is demarcated by a white line. Ô˶¯³¡µØÒÔ°×ÏßΪ½ç. demarcation / 9di:mB:5keIFn; 9dimBr`keFEn/ n [U, C] (marking of a) limit or boundary, esp between types of work considered by trade unions to belong to workers in different trades »®½çÏß; ½çÏß; £¨ÓÈÖ¸¹¤»áÈÏΪÊô춲»Í¬ÐÐÒµ¼äµÄ£©¹¤ÖÖ½çÏß: a line of demarcation ·Ö½çÏß * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] demarcation disputes in industry ¹¤ÒµÉϹ¤ÖÖ½çÏߵľÀ·×. demarche / 5deImB:F; de`mBrF/ n (French ·¨) political step or proceeding ÕþÖÎÉϵIJ½Öè»òÊÖ¶Î. demean / dI5mi:n; dI`min/ v [Tn, Tnt] ~ oneself lower oneself in dignity; deprive oneself of others' respect ½µµÍ×Ô¼ºµÄÉí·Ö; ʧȥ±ðÈ˵Ä×ðÖØ; ±áµÍ×Ô¼º: Don't demean yourself by telling such obvious lies. Äã²»ÒªÓÃÕâÖÖÃ÷ÏԵĻÑÑÔ×Ô±áÈ˸ñ. * I wouldn't demean myself to ask for favours from them. ÎÒ²»»á½µµÍÉí·ÖÏòËûÃÇÇóÇé. demeaning adj lowering (sb's) dignity; degrading ½µµÍÉí·ÖµÄ; ±°Î¢µÄ; ¶éÂäµÄ: He found it very demeaning to have to work for his former employee. Ëû¾õµÃҪΪËûÒÔÇ°µÄ¹ÍÔ±¹¤×÷ºÜʧÉí·Ö. demeanour (US demeanor) / dI5mi:nE(r); dI`minL/ n [U] (fml ÎÄ) way of behaving; conduct ÐÐΪ; ¾ÙÖ¹: I dislike his arrogant demeanour. ÎÒÌÖÑáËûÄÇ°ÁÂýµÄÐÐΪ. demented / dI5mentId; dI`mZntId/ adj (a) mad ·è¿ñµÄ: a poor, demented creature ¿ÉÁ¯µÄ·è×Ó. (b) (fig infml ±ÈÓ÷, ¿Ú) agitated because of worry, anger, etc £¨ÒòÓÇÂÇ¡¢ ·ßÅ­µÈ£©½¹Ôê²»°²µÄ: When her child was two hours late, she became quite demented. Ëýº¢×ÓÍíÁËÁ½¸öСʱ, ËýÐļ±Èç·Ù. dementedly adv. dementia / dI5menFE; dI`mZnFE/ n [U] (medical Ò½) madness with loss of powers of thinking due to brain disease or injury ³Õ´ô. dementia praecox / dI9menFE 5pri:kCks; dI9mZnFE `pri9kBks/ (fml ÎÄ) schizophrenia Ôç·¢ÐÔ³Õ´ôÖ¢; ¾«Éñ·ÖÁÑÖ¢. demerara / 9demE5reErE; 9dZmE`rZrE/ n [U] (also demerara sugar) light-brown raw cane sugar dzºÖÉ«ÕáÌÇ. demerit / di:5merIt; di`mZrIt/ n (fml ÎÄ) fault; defect ȱµã; ²»×ã; Ƿȱ: consider the merits and demerits of a system ¿¼ÂÇÒ»¸öÖƶȵij¤´¦ºÍ¶Ì´¦. demesne / dI5meIn; dI`men/ n (law ÂÉ) (a) [U] possession and use of land as one's own property ÍÁµØµÄÁìÓкÍʹÓã¨×÷Ϊ˽²ú£©: land held in demesne ÁìÓеĵزú. (b) [C] estate with land held in this way, ie without tenants living on it ÁìÓй©×ÔÓõĵزú£¨¼´Î޵軧×âÓã©. demi- pref ǰ׺ (with ns ÓëÃû´Ê½áºÏ) half; partly °ë; ²¿·Ö: demigod. demi-monde / 5demImCnd; `dZmI9mBnd/ n [Gp] (French ·¨) 1 group of people whose actions are thought to be not entirely legal, respectable, etc ²»ÕýÅɵÄһȺÈË: the demi-monde of gambling clubs and sleazy bars ¶Ä³¡ºÍµÍ¼¶¾Æ°ÉÀï²»ÕýÅɵÄÈË. 2 (formerly) women thought to be not entirely respectable and for this reason not acceptable to society £¨¾Éʱ£©Òò²»ÕýÅɶøΪÉç»áÏÓÆúµÄÅ®×Ó. demigod / 5demIgCd; `dZmE9^Bd/ n (in classical mythology) being who is partly divine and partly human, esp the offspring of a god or goddess and a human £¨¹ÅµäÉñ»°ÖУ©°ëÉñ°ëÈË£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÉñÓëÈËËùÉúµÄáá´ú£©. demijohn / 5demIdVCn; `dZmE9dVBn/ n large bottle with a narrow neck, often in a wickerwork case ϸ¾±´óÆ¿£¨³£ÖÃì¶ÁøÌõÌ×ÖУ©. demilitarize, demilitarise / 9di:5mIlItEraIz; di`mIlEtE9raIz/ v [Tn] remove military forces or installations from (an area) as a result of a treaty or an agreement ´Ó£¨Ò»µØÇø£©³·¾ü»ò²ð³ý¾üÊÂÉèÊ©: a demilitarized zone ·Ç¾üÊÂÇø. demilitarization, -isation / 9di:9mIlItEraI5zeIFn;?@ -rI5z-; di9mIlEtErI`zeFEn/ n [U, Gp]. demise / dI5maIz; dI`maIz/ n [sing] 1 (fml ÎÄ) death ËÀ; ËÀÍö. 2 (fig ±ÈÓ÷) end or failure (of an enterprise, etc) Í£Òµ; µ¹±Õ: This loss led to the demise of the business. ÕâÒ»Ëðʧµ¼ÖÂÁ˹«Ë¾µÄµ¹±Õ. demist / 9di:5mIst; di`mIst/ v [Tn] remove the mist from (eg the windscreen of a car) ³ýÈ¥£¨ÈçÆû³µµ²·ç²£Á§£©ÉÏÃæµÄÎíË®. demister (US defroster) n device that warms (esp the windscreen of a vehicle) to stop mist forming ³ýÎíÆ÷£¨ÓÈÖ¸³µÁ¾µ²·ç²£Á§µÄ£©. demo / 5demEU; `dZmo/ n (pl ~s) (infml ¿Ú esp Brit) = demonstration(3). demob / 9di:5mCb; di`mBb/ v (-bb-) [Tn] (Brit infml ¿Ú) = demobilize (sb). demob n [U] (Brit infml ¿Ú) = demobilization. demobilize, demobilise / di:5mEUbElaIz; di`mobE9laIz/ v [Tn] release (sb) from military service ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©¸´Ô±, ÍËÎé; Dzɢ£¨¾ü¶Ó£©. demobilization, -isation / 9di:9mEU-bElaI5zeIFn; ?@ -lI5z-; 9dimobElI`zeFEn/ n [U]. democracy / dI5mCkrEsI; dE`mBkrEsI/ n 1 (a) [U] system of government by the whole people of a country, esp through representatives whom they elect ÃñÖ÷; ÃñÖ÷ÕþÖÎ; ÃñÖ÷ÕþÌå; ÃñÖ÷ÖƶÈ: parliamentary democracy Òé»áÃñÖ÷ÕþÌå. (b) [C] country having such a system ÃñÖ÷¹ú¼Ò: the Western democracies Î÷·½µÄÃñÖ÷¹ú¼Ò. 2 [C, U] (country with a) government that allows freedom of speech, religion and political opinion, that upholds the rule of law and majority rule and that respects the rights of minorities ÃñÖ÷Õþ¸®; ÓÐÃñÖ÷Õþ¸®µÄ¹ú¼Ò: the principles of democracy ÃñÖ÷Õþ¸®µÄÔ­Ôò. 3 (a) [U] treatment of each other by citizens as equals, without social class divisions ÃñÖ÷¾«Éñ; ÃñÖ÷×÷·ç: Is there more democracy in Australia than in Britain? °Ä´óÀûÑDZÈÓ¢¹ú¸üÃñÖ÷Âð? (b) [C] society where such conditions exist ÃñÖ÷Éç»á. 4 [U] control of an organization by its members, who take part in the making of decisions £¨Ò»×éÖ¯ÓÉÆä³ÉÔ±µÄ£©ÃñÖ÷¹ÜÀí: industrial democracy ÆóÒµµÄÃñÖ÷¹ÜÀí. democrat / 5demEkrAt; `dZmE9krAt/ n 1 person who believes in or supports democracy ÃñÖ÷Ö÷ÒåÕß.2 Democrat (abbr Ëõд D) member or supporter of the Democratic Party of the US ÃÀ¹úÃñÖ÷µ³µÄµ³Ô±»òÓµ»¤Õß. Cf ²Î¿´ republican 2. democratic / 9demE5krAtIk; 9dZmE`krAtIk/ adj 1 based on the principles of democracy (1a) ÃñÖ÷µÄ; ÃñÖ÷ÕþÖεÄ; ÃñÖ÷ÕþÌåµÄ: democratic rights, elections ÃñÖ÷µÄȨÀû¡¢ Ñ¡¾Ù * democratic government, rule, etc ÃñÖ÷µÄÕþ¸®¡¢ ͳÖεÈ. 2 of or supporting democracy(3); paying no or little attention to class divisions based on birth or wealth ÃñÖ÷×÷·çµÄ; ƽµÈµÄ: a democratic society, outlook ÃñÖ÷µÄÉç»á¡¢ ¹Ûµã. 3 of or supporting control of an organization by its members ÃñÖ÷¹ÜÀíµÄ: democratic involvement, participation, etc ²ÎÓëÃñÖ÷¹ÜÀí¡¢ ²Î¼ÓÃñÖ÷¹ÜÀí. democratically / -klI; -klI/ adv: democratically elected, decided, etc ÃñÖ÷Ñ¡¾ÙµÄ¡¢ ÃñÖ÷¾ö¶¨µÄ. Democratic Party one of the two main political parties in the US ÃñÖ÷µ³£¨ÃÀ¹úÁ½´óÖ÷ÒªÕþµ³Ö®Ò»£©. Cf ²Î¿´ Republican Party (republican). democratize, democratise / dI5mCkrEtaIz; dE`mBkrE9taIz/ v [Tn] make (sth) democratic ʹ£¨Ä³Ê£©ÃñÖ÷»¯: democratize the administration of an organization ʹһ×éÖ¯µÄ¹ÜÀíÃñÖ÷»¯. democratization, -isation / dI-9mCkrEtaI5zeIFn; dI9mBkrEtE`zeFEn/ n [U]. demography / dI5mCgrEfI; dI`mB^rEfI/ n [U] study of statistics of births, deaths, diseases, etc in order to show the state of a community ÈË¿Úͳ¼Æѧ; ÈË¿Úѧ. demographer / dI5mCgrEfE(r); dI`mB^rEfL/ n expert in such studies ÈË¿Úͳ¼Æѧ¼Ò; ÈË¿Úѧ¼Ò. demographic / 9demE5grAfIk; 9dZmE`^rAfIk/ adj. demolish / dI5mClIF; dI`mBlIF/ v [Tn] 1 (a) pull or knock down (a building, etc) ²ð»Ù, ²ð³ý£¨½¨ÖþÎïµÈ£©: They've demolished the slum district. ƶÃñÇøÒѲð³ý. (b) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) destroy (a theory, etc) ÍÆ·­, ²µµ¹£¨ÀíÂ۵ȣ©: Her article brilliantly demolishes his argument. ËýµÄÎÄÕ¾«±ÙµØÅú²µÁËËûµÄÂÛµã. 2 (fig joc ±ÈÓ÷, ÚÊ) eat (sth) greedily Ì°À·µØ³Ô£¨Ä³Î: She demolished two whole pies. ËýÌ°À·µØ³ÔÏÂÁ½¸öÏÚ±ý. demolition / 9demE-5lIFn; 9dZmE`lIFEn/ n [U, C]: the demolition of the houses ·¿ÎݵIJð³ý * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] demolition contractors ×ö²ð³ý¹¤×÷µÄ³Ð°üÕß. demon / 5di:mEn; `dimEn/ n 1 wicked or cruel spirit ¶ñħ; ħ¹í: medieval carvings of demons ÖÐÊÀ¼ÍµÄħ¹íµñÏñ. 2 (infml ¿Ú) (a) person thought to be wicked, mischievous, etc ¶ñÈË; ¶ñ¹÷; µ÷Ƥ¹í: Your son's a little demon. Äã¶ù×ÓÊǸöСµ÷Ƥ¹í. (b) ~ (for sth) energetic person ¾«Á¦³äÅæµÄÈË: She's a demon for work, ie works very hard. Ëý¹¤×÷ÆðÀ´¾«Á¦³äÅæ. * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a demon worker ¾«Á¦¹ýÈ˵Ť×÷Õß. (c) fierce or aggressive player ÓÂÃ͵ÄÔ˶¯Ô±; ¹¥»÷Ð͵ÄÔ˶¯Ô±: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a demon bowler ÓÂÃ͵ÄͶÇòÊÖ. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) the demon `drink (joc ÚÊ) alcoholic drink, esp when it is the cause of wild noisy behaviour º¬¾Æ¾«µÄÒûÁÏ£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÒûááʹÈËÈö¾Æ·èÕߣ©: He's very violent: it's the demon drink, you know. Ëû´óÈö¾Æ·è, ÄãÒªÖªµÀ¾ÍÊÇÒòΪºÈÁËÄÇÖÖ¾Æ. demonic / di:5mCnIk; di`mBnIk/ adj: demonic energy ¹ýÈ˵ľ«Á¦. demonetize, demonetise / 9di:5mQnItaIz; di`mQnE9taIz/ v stop (a metal) being used as currency ʹ£¨Ä³½ðÊô£©²»ÔÙÓÃ×÷»õ±Ò. demonetization, -isation / di:9mQnItaI-5zeIFn; ?@ -tI5z-; di9mQnEtI`zeFEn/ n [U]. demoniac / dI5mEUnIAk; dI`monI9Ak/ (also demoniacal/ 9di:mE5naIEkl; 9dimE`naIEkl/) adj (a) very evil; devilish а¶ñµÄ; Ð׶ñµÄ; ¶ñħ°ãµÄ: demoniac tortures, plans ¿áÐÌ¡¢ а¶ñµÄ¼Æ»®. (b) frenzied; fiercely energetic ·è¿ñµÄ; ¾«Á¦¼«³äÅæµÄ: demoniac energy, fury, etc Óâ³£µÄ¾«Á¦¡¢ ¿ñÅ­µÈ. demonstrable / 5demEnstrEbl; ?@ dI5mCnstrEbl; `dI-mBnstrEbl/ adj that can be shown or proved ¿É±íÃ÷µÄ; ¿É֤ʵµÄ: a demonstrable lie, inaccuracy, etc Ã÷ÏԵĻÑÑÔ¡¢ Îó²îµÈ. demonstrability / 9demEnstrE5bIlEtI;9dZmEnstrE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. demonstrably / -blI; -blI/ adv. demonstrate / 5demEnstreIt; `dZmEn9stret/ v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw] ~ sth (to sb) show sth clearly by giving proof or evidence Ö¤Ã÷; ÂÛÖ¤: demonstrate the truth of a statement (to sb) £¨ÏòijÈË£©Ö¤Ã÷һ˵·¨µÄÕæʵÐÔ * How do you demonstrate that the pressure remains constant? ÄãÔõÑùÖ¤Ã÷ѹÁ¦Ò»Ö±²»±ä? * Can you demonstrate what you mean by that? ÄãÄÇÑù×öÄÜ˵Ã÷ÄãµÄÒâ˼Âð? (b) [Tn, Tf, Tw] be an example of (sth); show ÊÇ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎµÄʵÀý; ±íÃ÷; ±íʾ: The election demonstrates democracy in action. Õâ´ÎÑ¡¾ÙÊÇÒÔʵ¼ÊÐж¯ÌåÏÖÁËÃñÖ÷. * His sudden departure demonstrates that he's unreliable/how unreliable he is. ËûͻȻÀëÈ¥±íÃ÷Ëû²»¿É¿¿[Ëû¶à÷á²»¿É¿¿]. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tw] ~ sth (to sb) show and explain how sth works or a way of doing sth ʾ·¶²¢½âÊÍijÎïÈçºÎ²Ù×÷»òʹÓÃ: An assistant demonstrated the washing machine (to customers). µêÔ±£¨Ïò¹Ë¿Í£©Ê¾·¶ÈçºÎʹÓÃÏ´Ò»ú. * She demonstrated how best to defend oneself. Ëýʾ·¶×îÓÐЧµÄ×ÔÎÀ·½·¨. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (against/in favour of sb/sth) take part in a public rally, etc, usu as a protest or to show support ʾÍþ; ½øÐÐʾÍþ¼¯»á»òÓÎÐÐ: Thousands demonstrated against the price increases. ÊýÒÔǧ¼ÆµÄÈ˾ÙÐÐʾÍþ, ¿¹ÒéÎï¼ÛÉÏÕÇ. 4 [Tn] express (sth) by one's actions ÓÃÐж¯±í´ï£¨Ä³Ê£©: Workers have already demonstrated their opposition to the plans. ¹¤ÈËÃÇÒѾ­±íÃ÷·´¶ÔÕâЩ·½°¸. * demonstrate strong feelings ÏÔʾ³öÇ¿ÁҵĸÐÇé. demonstration / 9demEn5streIFn; 9dZmEn`streFEn/ n 1 [C, U] (instance of) showing sth by giving proof or evidence Ö¤Ã÷; ÂÛÖ¤: convinced by (a) scientific demonstration ÒÔ¿ÆѧµÄÂÛ֤ʹÈËÐÅ·þ * a demonstration of a law of physics Ö¤Ã÷Ò»ÎïÀí¶¨ÂÉ. 2 [C, U] (instance of) showing and explaining how sth works £¨¶ÔijÎïÈçºÎ²Ù×÷µÄ£©Ê¾·¶, ½âÊÍ: a demonstration of the computer's functions ¼ÆËã»ú¹¦ÄܵÄʾ·¶±íÑÝ. =>Usage ¼ûËù¸½Ó÷¨. 3 [C] ~ (against/in favour of sb/sth) public, often organized, rally or march protesting against or supporting sb/sth £¨¿¹Òé»òÓµ»¤Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂ], ³£ÎªÓÐ×éÖ¯µÄ£©¼¯»á»òÓÎÐÐ: a mass demonstration in support of the regime Óµ»¤¸ÃÕþȨµÄȺÖÚ¼¯»á. 4 [C] outward sign; example ±íÏÖ; ±íʾ; ʵÀý: a demonstration of affection, eg embracing sb °®µÄ±íʾ£¨ÈçÓµ±§Ä³ÈË£© * a clear demonstration of their intentions ËûÃÇÃ÷ÏÔ±íʾÒâͼ. demonstration NOTE ON USAGE Ó÷¨: 1 A demonstration and a display do not require a specific or permanent site.*demonstrationºÍdisplay²»±ØÓÐÌض¨µÄ»òÓÀ¾ÃµÄµØµã. At a demonstration one sees how something works or is done ÔÚdemonstrationÖпÉÒÔ¿´µ½Ä³ÊÂÎïµÄ²Ù×÷ÇéÐÎ: a cookery demonstration Åë⿱íÑÝ * a demonstration of a new car ÐÂÆû³µµÄʹÓÃʾ·¶. 2 A display is often for public entertainment *display³£ÓÃ춹«¹²ÓéÀÖ·½Ãæ: a flying, fireworks, fashion, etc display ·ÉÐС¢ Ñ̻𡢠ʱװµÈ±íÑÝ. 3 A trade exhibition/show/fair is held in an exhibition hall or centre where commercial or industrial goods are advertised *trade exhibition/ show/ fairÊÇÔÚexhibition hall»òcentreÖоٰìµÄ, ÓÃÒÔÐû´«¹¤ÉÌÒµ²úÆ·: a book fair ÊéÕ¹ * the World Trade Fair ÊÀ½çóÒײ©ÀÀ»á * the Motor Show »ú¶¯³µÁ¾Õ¹ÀÀ * the Great Exhibition ´óÐÍÕ¹ÀÀ»á. 4 A show can also be of domestic animals or plants, often in competition for prizes. *show»¹¿É×÷»¿ÑøµÄ¶¯ÎïÕ¹ÀÀ»òÔÔÅàµÄ»¨²ÝÕ¹ÀÀ, ³£ÎªÓн±¾ºÈü. Paintings, drawings, etc are displayed in an exhibition »æ»­µÈÔòÔÚexhibitionÖÐÕ¹³ö: the Chelsea Flower Show ÇжûÎ÷»¨Õ¹ * a horse show ÂíÕ¹ * an art exhibition ÃÀÊõÕ¹ÀÀ»á. 5 A fair or funfair is also a collection of entertainments (roundabouts, stalls, etc) travelling from town to town. *fair»òfunfairÒ²¿É×÷Ѳ»ØµÄÓéÀÖ¼¯»á£¨ÓÐÐýתľÂí¡¢ ÓÎϷ̯λµÈ£©. demonstrative / dI5mCnstrEtIv; dI`mBnstrEtIv/ adj 1 (a) (of people) showing the feelings readily £¨Ö¸ÈË£©Ò×Á÷¶¸ÐÇéµÄ, ϲŭÐÎì¶É«µÄ: Some people are more demonstrative than others. ÓÐЩÈ˽ϰ®Á÷¶¸ÐÇé. (b) expressing feelings, esp affection, openly ¹«¿ª±í¶¸ÐÇéµÄ£¨ÓÈÖ¸°®Ä½Ö®Ç飩: He's very demonstrative: he kissed me on both cheeks. ËûÈÈÇé±¼·Å, ÎÇÁËÎÒµÄË«¼Õ. 2 (grammar) (of a determiner or pronoun) indicating the person or thing referred to £¨Ö¸ÏÞ¶¨´Ê»ò´ú´Ê£©Ö¸Ê¾µÄ: In `This is my bike', `this' is a demonstrative pronoun. ÔÚThis is my bikeÒ»¾äÖÐ, thisÊÇָʾ´ú´Ê. > demonstratively adv. demonstrativeness n [U]: embarrassed by demonstrativeness Êܹ«¿ª±í¶µÄ°®Ä½Ö®ÇéËù¾½. demonstrator / 5demEnstreItE(r); `dZmEn9stretL/ n 1 person who teaches or explains by demonstrating (demonstrate 2) ʾ·¶Öú½Ì: The demonstrators set up apparatus for the experiment. ʾ·¶Öú½Ì°²ÅźÃÁËʵÑé×°ÖÃ. 2 person who demonstrates (demonstrate 3) ʾÍþÕß; ÓÎÐÐÕß; ¼¯»áÕß: The noisy demonstrators were dispersed by the police. ÐúȵÄʾÍþÕßÔ⾯²ìÇýÉ¢. demoralize, demoralise / dI5mCrElaIz; ?@ -5mR:r-; dI`mRrEl-9aIz/ v [Tn] weaken the courage or self-confidence of (sb); dishearten Ï÷Èõ£¨Ä³ÈË£©µÄÓÂÆø»ò×ÔÐÅÐÄ; ʹйÆø; ʹʿÆøµÍÂä: The troops were thoroughly demoralized by this set-back. ÕâÒ»´ì°Üʹ²¿¶ÓÊ¿Æøɥʧ´ù¾¡. * feel very demoralized ¾õµÃÊ®·Ö¾ÚÉ¥ * The news is very demoralizing. ÕâÏûÏ¢ºÜʹÈËйÆø. Cf ²Î¿´ dispirit. demoralization, -isation / dI9mCrElaI5zeIFn; ?@ -9mR:rElE5z-; dI9mRrElE`zeFEn/ n [U]. demote / 9di:5mEUt; di`mot/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) (to sth) reduce sb to a lower rank or grade ½«Ä³È˽µ¼¶»ò½µÖ°: He was demoted from sergeant to corporal. ËûÓÉÖÐÊ¿½µµ½ÏÂÊ¿. Cf ²Î¿´ promote. demotion / 9di:5mEUFn; di`moFEn/ n [C, U]. demotic / dI5mCtIk; dI`mBtIk/ adj of or used by ordinary people ÃñÖÚµÄ; ͨË×µÄ: demotic Greek, ie the informal, esp spoken, form of modern Greek ÏÖ´úÏ£À°ÓïµÄͨË×ÐÎʽ£¨ÓÈÖ¸¿ÚÓ. demur / dI5m\:(r); dI`m[/ v (-rr-) [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) (fml ÎÄ) express a doubt (about sth) or an objection (to sth) £¨¶ÔijÊÂÎ±íʾ»³ÒÉ»ò·´¶Ô: I suggested putting the matter to a vote, but the chairman demurred. ÎÒ½¨Òé¶Ô´ËÊÂͶƱ±í¾ö, µ«Ö÷ϯ±íʾ·´¶Ô. demur n (idm Ï°Óï) without demur without objecting or hesitating ÎÞÒìÒéµØ; ²»ÓÌÔ¥µØ. demure / dI5mjUE(r); dI`mjJr/ adj (a) (pretending to be) quiet, serious and modest £¨¹Ê×÷£©°²¾²µÄ, ÑÏËàµÄ, Ç«ÐéµÄ: a very demure young lady ¼Ù×°ñæ³ÖµÄÉÙÅ®. (b) suggesting that one is demure ÏÔʾ°²¾²µÄ¡¢ ÑÏËàµÄ¡¢ Ç«ÐéµÄ: a demure smile, reply, etc °²¾²µÄ΢Ц¡¢ Ç«Ñ·µÄ»Ø´ð. demurely adv. demureness n [U]. demystify / 9di:5mIstIfaI; di`mIstE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] make (sth) less mysterious; make clear ʹ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ·ÇÉñÃØ»¯; ŪÇå³þ: We are trying to demystify the workings of government. ÎÒÃÇÒª¾¡Á¿Ê¹Õþ¸®¹¤×÷¹«¿ª»¯. demystification / 9di:9mIstIfI5keIFn; 9dimIstEfE`keFEn/ n [U] action of making sth less mysterious ·ÇÉñÃØ»¯: The demystification of the Resurrection upsets many Christians. °ÑÒ®öյĸ´»î×÷·ÇÉñÃØ»¯½âÊÍʹÐí¶à»ù¶½Í½²»¿ì. den / den; dZn/ n 1 animal's hidden home, eg a cave ÊÞѨ; ÎÑ£¨Èçɽ¶´£©: a bear's/lion's den ÐܵÄ[ʨ×ÓµÄ]¶´Ñ¨. 2 (derog ±á) secret meeting-place ÃØÃÜÏà¾ÛÖ®´¦: an `opium den ѻƬÑÌ¿ß * a den of thieves ÔôÎÑ. 3 (infml ¿Ú) room in a home where a person can work or study without being disturbed £¨¼ÒÖеģ©Ë½ÊÒ, ÊéÕ«: retire to one's den »Øµ½×Ô¼ºµÄ˽ÊÒ. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) beard the lion in his den => beard2. a den of i`niquity/`vice (often joc ³£×÷Ï·ÚÊÓï) a place where evil or immoral activities go on ½øÐÐ×ï¶ñ»î¶¯µÄµØ·½: He thought of New York as a den of iniquity. ËûÈÏΪŦԼÊǸö²ØÎÛÄɹ¸Ö®´¦. denationalize, denationalise / 9di:5nAFEnElaIz; di`nAFEnl9aIz/ v [Tn] put (a nationalized industry) back into private ownership, usu by selling shares in it; privatize ½«£¨¹úÓª¹¤Òµ£©»Ö¸´ÎªË½Óª; ʹ·Ç¹úÓл¯; ʹ˽Óл¯. Cf ²Î¿´ nationalize 1. denationalization, -isation / 9di: 9nFEnElaI5zeIFn; US -lI5z-; di9nAFEnElI`zeFEn/ n [U]. denatured / 9di:5neItFEd; di`netFLd/ adj [esp attrib ÓÈ×÷¶¨Óï] (a) made unfit for eating and drinking (but possibly still usable for other purposes) ²»ÊÊì¶Ê³ÓûòÒûÓõÄ; ±äÐÔµÄ: denatured alcohol ±äÐԾƾ«. (b) having lost its natural qualities ÒÑʧȥÌìÈ»ÌØÐÔµÄ: denatured rubber, ie no longer elastic ʧȥµ¯ÐÔµÄÏð½º. deniable / dI5naIEbl; dI`naIEbl/ adj that can be denied ¿É·ñÈϵÄ; ¿É·ñ¶¨µÄ; ¿É¾Ü¾øµÄ: I suppose these changes are deniable? ie We might convince others they are not true. ÎÒÏëÕâЩ¸ü¶¯¿ÉÒÔ²µ»Ø°É? denial / dI5naIEl; dI`naIEl/ n 1 [C] ~ (of sth/that...) statement that sth is not true ·ñÈÏ: the prisoner's repeated denials of the charges against him Çô·¸¶Ô±»¿Ø×ïÃûÔÙÈý·ñÈÏ * an official denial that there would be an election in May ¹Ù·½¶ÔÎåÔ·ÝÒª½øÐÐÑ¡¾ÙһʼÓÒÔ·ñÈÏ. 2 [C, U] (a) ~ of sth refusal to grant (justice, rights, etc) £¨¶Ô¹«Õý´¦Àí¡¢ ȨÀûµÈµÄ£©¾Ü¾ø, ¾Ü²»¸øÓè: condemn the denial of basic human freedoms Ç´Ôð°þ¶á»ù±¾µÄ×ÔÓÉȨ. (b) ~ (of sth) refusal (of a request, etc) £¨¶ÔÒªÇóµÈµÄ£©¾Ü¾ø: the denial of his request for leave ¶ÔËûÇë¼ÙÓèÒԾܾø. denier / 5denIE(r); `dZnIr/ n unit for measuring fineness of rayon, nylon and silk yarns µ©Äá¶û, µ©£¨ÈËÔìË¿¡¢ ÄáÁú¡¢ Ë¿¡¢ É´ÏßµÄÏ˶ȵ¥Î»£©: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] 30 denier stockings 30µ©µÄ³¤Íà. denigrate / 5denIgreIt; `dZnE9^ret/ v [Tn] claim (unfairly) that (sb/sth) is inferior, worthless, etc; belittle Ú®»Ù; ±áµÍ; ÎÜÃï: denigrate sb's character, achievements, etc Ú®»ÙijÈ˵ÄÈ˸ñ¡¢ ³É¾ÍµÈ. denigration / 9denI-5greIFn; 9dZnE`^reFEn/ n [U]. denim / 5denIm; `dZnEm/ n 1 [U] hard-wearing twilled cotton cloth (used for jeans, overalls, etc) бÎÆ´ÖÃÞ²¼£¨ÓÃì¶ÖÆÅ£×п㡢 ¹¤×÷·þ¡¢ ÕÖÉÀµÈ£©. 2 denims [pl] (infml ¿Ú) jeans made from this бÎÆ´ÖÃÞ²¼ÖƵÄÅ£×пã. denizen / 5denIzn; `dZnEzn/ n (fml or joc ÎÄ»òÚÊ) person or type of animal or plant living or growing permanently in a place ³¤¾ÃÉú³¤ì¶Ä³µØµÄÈË»ò¶¯Ö²Îï: polar bears, denizens of the frozen north ±±¼«ÐÜ, ±±¼«±ùÌìÑ©µØµÄÀÏס»§ * Blenkinsop, a respected denizen of our school, ie a teacher who has been there for a long time. ²¼Â×½ðË÷ÆÕ, ÎÒУ³¤ÆÚ±¸ÊÜ×𾴵ĽÌʦ. denomination / dI9nCmI5neIFn; dI9nBmE`neFEn/ n 1 (fml ÎÄ) name, esp of a general class or type; classification Ãû³Æ£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÖÖÀàÃû³Æ£©; ·ÖÀà: agreed denominations for various species of fish ¸÷ÖÖÓãµÄ¹«ÈϵķÖÀà. 2 religious group or sect ×Ú½ÌÅɱð: The Protestant denominations include the Methodists, the Presbyterians and the Baptists. нÌÅɱð°üÀ¨ÎÀÀí¹«»áÅÉ¡¢ ³¤ÀÏ»áÅÉ¡¢ ½þÀñÅÉ. 3 class or unit of measurement or money ¶ÈÁ¿ºâ»ò»õ±ÒµÄµ¥Î»: The US coin of the lowest denomination is the cent. ÃÀ¹úÓ²±ÒµÄ×îСµ¥Î»ÊÇÃÀ·Ö. * We can reduce fractions to the same denomination ·ÖÊý¿ÉÒÔ»¯ÎªÍ¬·Öĸ denominational / -5neIFEnl; -`neFEnl/ adj of denominations (denomination 2) ×Ú½ÌÅɱðµÄ: denominational schools ¸÷½ÌÅɵÄѧУ. denominator / dI5nCmIneItE(r); dI`nBmE9netL/ n (mathematics Êý) number below the line in a fraction, showing how many parts the whole is divided into, eg 4 in ·Öĸ£¨Èç¡¡ÖÐµÄ 4£©. Cf ²Î¿´ numerator. denote / dI5nEUt; dI`not/ v (a) [Tn] be the name, sign or symbol of (sth); refer to ×÷Ϊ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎµÄÃû³Æ¡¢ ·ûºÅ»òÏóáç; Ö¸µÄÊÇ: What does the term `organic' denote? organicÒ»´ÊÖ¸µÄÊÇʲ÷á? * In algebra, the sign x usually denotes an unknown quantity. ÔÚ´úÊýÖÐ, x·ûºÅͨ³£´ú±íһδ֪µÄÁ¿. (b) [Tn, Tf] indicate (sth) ±íʾ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ: The mark X denotes an omission. Ôö²¹ºÅ£¨X£©±íʾÓÐÍÑ©. * This mark denotes that a word has been deleted. Õâ¸ö·ûºÅ±íʾÓиö´ÊÒÑɾµô. denouement / 9deI5nu:mCN; ?@ 9deInu:5mR:N; denu`mRN/ n last part, esp of a novel, play, etc, in which everything is settled or made clear ×îáᲿ·Ö; £¨ÓÈָС˵¡¢ Ï·¾çµÈµÄ£©½á¾Ö: In a surprising denouement, she becomes a nun. ½á¾Ö³öÈËÒâ±í, Ëýµ±ÐÞÅ®ÁË. denounce / dI5naUns; dI`naJns/ v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] ~ sb (to sb) (as sth) give information (to the authorities) against sb £¨Ïòµ±¾Ö£©¸æ·¢Ä³ÈË: An informer denounced him to the police (as a terrorist). ¼ì¾ÙÈËÒÑÏò¾¯·½¸æ·¢Ëû£¨ÊÇ¿Ö²À·Ö×Ó£©. (b) [Tn, Cn.a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) say that sb/sth is wrong, unlawful, etc Ç´Ôð; Ö¸Ôð; ³âÔð: She strongly denounced the Government's hypocrisy. ËýÇ¿ÁÒÇ´ÔðÕþ¸®Ðéα. * Union officials denounced the action as a breach of the agreement. ¹¤»á¸ºÔðÈËÇ´ÔðÕâÒ»Ðж¯ÆÆ»µÁËЭÒé. 2 [Tn] announce one's withdrawal from (a treaty, etc) Ðû²¼Í˳ö£¨ÌõÔ¼µÈ£©. dense / dens; dZns/ adj (-r, -st) 1 (a) very heavy in relation to each unit of volume ÃܶȴóµÄ: a dense substance, rock, star ÃܶȴóµÄÎïÖÊ¡¢ ÑÒʯ¡¢ ÐÇÐÇ. (b) (of liquids or vapour) not easily seen through £¨Ö¸ÒºÌå¡¢ Ë®Æø»òÑÌÎí£©²»Ò׿´Í¸µÄ, ŨµÄ: dense fog/smoke ´óÎí[ŨÑÌ]. 2 (of people and things) crowded together in great numbers £¨Ö¸È˺ÍÎ³íÃܵÄ, Ãܼ¯µÄ: a dense crowd, forest Ãܼ¯µÄÈËȺ¡¢ ïÃܵÄÉ­ÁÖ. 3 (infml ¿Ú) stupid ÓÞ´ÀµÄ: How can you be so dense? ÄãÔõ÷áÄÜÈç´ËÓÞ´À?> densely adv: a densely populated country ÈË¿Ú³íÃܵĹú¼Ò * densely wooded, ie covered with trees growing close together É­ÁÖïÃܵÄ. denseness n [U]. density / 5densEtI; `dZnsEtI/ n 1 [U] quality of being dense(1b, 2) Ũ¶È; ÃܶÈ: the density of a forest, the fog, etc É­ÁÖµÄÃܶȡ¢ ÎíµÄŨ¶È. 2 [C, U] (physics Îï) relation of mass to volume Ãܶȣ¨ÖÊÁ¿ÓëÌå»ýµÄ¹Øϵ£©. dent / dent; dZnt/ n 1 (also dint) hollow place in a hard even surface made by a blow or pressure °¼ÏÝ; °¼²¿; °¼ºÛ: a dent in the boot of my car ÎÒµÄÆû³µÐÐÀîÏäÉϵݼºÛ. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) (make) a dent in sth (infml ¿Ú) (cause) a reduction in sth ¼õÉÙ; Ï÷¼õ; Ï÷Èõ: a dent in one's pride ×Ô×ðÐĵĴìÉË * The repairs made a dent in our funds, ie cost us a lot. Õâ´ÎÐÞÀíÓÃÈ¥ÁËÎÒÃǺܶàÇ®. dent v (a) [Tn] make a dent or dents in (sth) ÔÚ£¨Ä³ÎÉÏÔì³É°¼ºÛ: The back of the car was badly dented in a collision. ÕâÁ¾Æû³µáᲿÔÚÅöײÖÐÔì³ÉºÜ´óµÄ°¼ÏÝ.(b) [I] get a dent or dents ³öÏÖ°¼ºÛ: a metal that dents easily ÈÝÒ׳öÏÖ°¼ºÛµÄ½ðÊô. dental / 5dentl; `dZntl/ adj 1 of or for the teeth ÑÀ³ÝµÄ; ÑÀ¿ÆµÄ: dental care, treatment, etc ÑÀ³ÝµÄ±£»¤¡¢ ÖÎÁƵÈ. 2 (phonetics ÓïÒô) pronounced with the tip of the tongue near or touching the upper front teeth ³ÝÒôµÄ: dental sounds ³ÝÒô, Èç/ W/¡¢ /T/. dental floss soft thread used for cleaning the gaps between the teeth ½àÑÀÏߣ¨ÓÃÒÔʹÑÀ·ìÇå½àµÄÈíÏߣ©. dental hygienist / 5dentl haI5dVi:nIst; 9dZntl haI`dVinIst/ person who works, usu for a dentist, cleaning and polishing people's teeth ÑÀ¿Æ±£½¡Ô±. dental plate = plate1 9. dental surgeon dentist ÑÀ¿Æҽʦ. dentifrice / 5dentIfrIs; `dZntE9frIs/ n [U] (fml ÎÄ) powder or paste used for cleaning the teeth ÑÀ·Û; ÑÀ¸à. dentist / 5dentIst; `dZntIst/ n person whose work is filling, cleaning and taking out teeth, and fitting artificial teeth ÑÀ¿ÆÒ½Éú. dentistry / 5dentIstrI; `dZntIstrI/ n [U] work of a dentist ÑÀÒ½Êõ. denture / 5dentFE(r); `dZntFL/ n (usu pl ͨ³£×÷¸´Êý) = plate1 9:a set of dentures Ò»¸±¼ÙÑÀ. denude / dI5nju:d; ?@ -5nu:d; dI`nud/ v [esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (of sth) make sth bare; take the covering off sth ʹijÎïÂã¶; È¥µôÕÚÑÚ; °þ¹â: trees denuded of leaves Ò¶×ÓÂ価µÄͺÊ÷ * hillsides denuded of trees ÎÞÊ÷µÄͺɽÆÂ. denudation / 9di:nju:5deIFn; ?@ -nu:-; 9dinu`deFEn/ n [U]. denunciation / dI9nQnsI5eIFn; dI9nQnsI`eFEn/ n [C, U](act of) denouncing Ç´Ôð; ³âÔð: her fierce denunciation(s) of her enemies Ëý¶Ô³ðµÐµÄÇ¿ÁÒÇ´Ôð. deny / dI5naI; dI`naI/ v (pt, pp denied) 1 [Tn, Tf, Tnt, Tg] say that (sth) is not true ·ñÈÏ, ·ñ¶¨£¨Ä³Ê£©: deny a statement, a claim, an accusation, a charge, etc ·ñÈÏÒ»¸ö˵·¨¡¢ ·ñ¶¨Ä³ÈËÉù³ÆµÄÊ¡¢ ·ñÈÏÒ»ÏîÖ¸Ôð¡¢ ·ñÈÏÒ»ÏîÖ¸¿Ø * deny that sth is true ·ñ¶¨Ä³ÊÂÊôʵ * (fml ÎÄ) She denied this to be the case. Ëý²»³ÐÈÏÇé¿öÊÇÕâÑù. * He denied knowing anything about it. Ëû·ñÈÏÖªµÀ´ËÊÂ. * He denied that he was involved. Ëû·ñÈÏÓ뼺ÓйØ. * There is no denying the fact that..., ie Everyone must admit that... ÎÞ¿É·ñÈÏ.... Cf ²Î¿´ affirm. 2 [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) refuse to give sb, or prevent sb from having, (sth asked for or wanted) ¾Ü²»¸øÓèijÈË£¨ËùÇó»òËùÐèÖ®Î; ×èֹijÈË»ñµÃ£¨ËùÇó»òËùÐèÖ®Î: He gave to his friends what he denied to his family. ËûÄþ¿ÉÔùÓèÅóÓÑÒ²²»¸ø¼ÒÀïÈË. * She was angry at being denied the opportunity to see me. Òò²»×¼Ëý¼ûÎÒ, Ëý·Ç³£ÉúÆø. * He denies himself nothing. Ëû¶Ô×Ô¼º¼«Îª·Å×Ý. 3 [Tn] say that one knows nothing about (sth); refuse to acknowledge; disown Éù³Æ¶Ô£¨Ä³Ê£©ºÁÎÞËùÖª; ¾Ü¾ø³ÐÈÏ; ·ñÈÏÓ뼺ÓйØ: He denied any knowledge of their plans, ie claimed to know nothing about them. ËûÉù³Æ¶ÔËûÃǵļƻ®Ò»ÎÞËùÖª. * (fml ÎÄ) He denied the signature, ie said that it was not his. Ëû¾Ü²»³ÐÈÏÕâÊÇËûµÄÇ©×Ö. deodorant / di:5EUdErEnt; di`odErEnt/ n [U, C] substance that removes or disguises (esp bodily) odours ³ý³ô¼Á, ·À³ô¼Á£¨ÓÈÖ¸³ýÌå³ôÕߣ©. deodorize, deodorise / di:5EUdEraIz; di`odE9raIz/ v [Tn] remove (esp bad) smells from (sb/sth) ³ýÈ¥£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]£©µÄ³ôζ. dep abbr Ëõд = 1 depart(s); departed; departing; departure: dep Paris 23.05 hrs 23ʱ05·Ö×Ô°ÍÀ迪³ö. Cf ²Î¿´ arr 2. 2 deputy. depart / dI5pB:t; dI`pBrt/ v (fml ÎÄ) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (for...) (from...) go away; leave ×ß¿ª; À뿪: We departed for London at 10 am. ÎÒÃÇÉÏÎç10µã¶¯ÉíÈ¥Â׶Ø. * The 10. 15 to Leeds departs from platform 4. 10µã15·Ö¿ªÍùÀû×ȵĻð³µÔÚµÚ4վ̨Éϳµ. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) depart (from) this `life (arch or rhet ¹Å»òÐÞ´Ç) die È¥ÊÀ; Íö¹Ê. 3 (phr v) depart from sth behave in a way that differs from (what is usual or expected) ±³Àë; Î¥·´: depart from routine, standard practice, old customs, etc Î¥·´³£¹æ¡¢ ¹ßÀý¡¢ ¾É·çË×µÈ * depart from the truth, ie not be truthful ±³ÀëÊÂʵ. departed / dI5pB:tId; dI`pBrtId/ adj [esp attrib ÓÈ×÷¶¨Óï] 1 (fml or euph ÎÄ»òÍñ) dead ËÀÈ¥µÄ; ¹ÊÈ¥µÄ: our departed heroes, eg soldiers who died in battle ÎÒÃÇÄÇЩÓëÊÀ³¤´ÇµÄÓ¢ÐÛ£¨ÈçÕóÍöµÄÊ¿±ø£© * your dear departed brother ÄãÖ¿°®µÄÒѹÊÐÖ³¤. 2 (fml ÎÄ) past; bygone ¹ýÈ¥µÄ; ÒÔÍùµÄ: thinking of departed glories »³Äî¹ýÈ¥µÄ¹âÈÙ. the departed n (pl unchanged ¸´Êý²»±ä) person who has died ËÀÈ¥µÄÈË: pray for the soul(s) of the departed ΪËÀÕßµÄÁé»êÆíµ». department / dI5pB:tmEnt; dI`pBrtmEnt/ n 1 (abbr Ëõд Dept) each of several divisions of a government, business, shop, university, etc £¨Õþ¸®¡¢ ÆóÒµ¡¢ É̵ꡢ ´óѧµÈµÄ£©²¿, ˾, ¾Ö, ´¦, ¿Æ, ²¿ÃÅ, ϵ: the Department of the Environment »·¾³²¿ * the Education Department ½ÌÓý²¿ * the export sales department ³ö¿ÚÏúÊÛ²¿ * the men's clothing department ÄÐ×°²¿. 2 area of activity or knowledge »î¶¯·¶Î§; ֪ʶÁìÓò: Don't ask me about our finances: that's my wife's department. ÎÒÃǼҵľ­¼ÃÇé¿öÄã±ðÎÊÎÒ, ÄÇÊÇÎÒÆÞ×ÓµÄÊÂ. 3 administrative district, eg in France ÐÐÕþÇø, Ê¡£¨Èç·¨¹úµÄ£©. departmental / 9di:pB:t5mentl; di9pBrt`mZntl/ adj of a department, rather than the whole organization ²¿Ãŵģ¨·ÇÕû¸ö×éÖ¯µÄ£©: a departmental manager, meeting ²¿Ãŵľ­Àí¡¢ »áÒé. department store large shop where many kinds of goods are sold in different departments °Ù»õ¹«Ë¾. departure / dI5pB:tFE(r); dI`pBrtFL/ n 1 (a) [U] ~ (from...) departing; going away À뿪; ÀëÈ¥: His departure was quite unexpected. ËûÕâÒ»×ߺܳöÈËÒâÁÏ. * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] the departure lounge, ie in an airport ºò»úÊÒ. (b) [C] instance of this À뿪; ÀëÈ¥: notices showing arrivals and departures of trains Áгµµ½´ïºÍ¿ª³öʱ¿ÌµÄ¹«¸æ. 2 (a) [C, U] ~ from sth action different from (what is usual or expected) ±³Àë; Î¥·´: a departure from old customs, the standard procedure, etc ͬ¾ÉÏ°Ëס¢ ±ê×¼³ÌÐòµÈÏàÎ¥. (b) [C] course of action; venture Ðж¯; ´óµ¨ÐÐÊÂ: Working on a farm is a new departure for him. ¶ÔËûÀ´Ëµ, ÔÚÅ©³¡¹¤×÷ÊÇÒ»ÖÖеij¢ÊÔ. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) a point of departure => point1. depend / dI5pend; dI`pZnd/ v 1 (idm Ï°Óï) that de`pends; it (all) de`pends (used alone, or at the beginning of a sentence µ¥¶ÀʹÓÃ, »òÓÃ춾äÊ×) the result will be decided by sth mentioned or implied Äǵÿ´Çé¿ö: `Can I come?' `That depends: there might not be room in the car.' £àÎÒÄÜÀ´Âð?£§£àÄÇÒª¿´Çé¿ö, Æû³µÀï¿ÉÄÜûÓпÕ×ùÁË.£§ * It depends how you tackle the problem. ÄÇÈ¡¾öì¶ÄãÈçºÎ½â¾öÕâ¸öÎÊÌâ. 2 (phr v) depend on/upon sb/sth (a) be sure, or confidently expect, that sth will happen È·ÐÅ; ¼áÐÅ; ÐÅÀµ: I'm depending on you coming. Îҿ϶¨Äã»áÀ´µÄ. * You can never depend on his arriving on time. ¾ö²»¿ÉÖ¸ÍûËûÄÜ׼ʱµ½´ï. * (ironic ·´Óï) You can depend on her to be (ie She always is) late. ¿ÉÒÔµ£±£Ëý±Ø¶¨³Ùµ½. * Depend on it (ie You can be sure): we won't give up. ¿ÉÒÔ´ò°üƱ, ÎÒÃǾö²»»á·ÅÆú. (b) (be able to) believe that sb/sth will be reliable £¨ÄÜ£©ÏàÐÅijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]¿É¿¿: You can't depend on the train arriving on time. ǧÍò²»ÒªÈÏΪÕâÁлð³µÄÜÕýµãµ½´ï. * She's a woman who can be depended on. ËýÊǸö¿ÉÒÔÐÅÀµµÄÈË. depend on sb/sth (for sth) (usu not in the continuous tenses ͨ³£²»ÓÃ춽øÐÐʱ̬) (a) need sb/sth for a particular purpose £¨ÒòijĿµÄ£©ÐèҪijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: I haven't got a car, so I have to depend on the buses. ÎÒûÓÐÆû³µ, ËùÒÔÎҵó˹«¹²Æû³µ. * We depend on the radio for news. ÎÒÃÇ¿¿ÊÕÒô»úÌýÐÂÎÅ. (b) get money or other help from sb/sth ´ÓijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]´¦µÃµ½Ç®»òÆäËû°ïÖú: This area depends on the mining industry. Õâ¸öµØÇøÒԲɿóҵΪ¾­¼Ã»ù´¡. * Children depend on their parents for food and clothing. ¶ùͯ¿¿¸¸Ä¸¹©¸øÒÂʳ. depend on sth be decided by sth; follow from sth ÊÓijÊÂÎï¶ø¶¨; È¡¾öì¶Ä³ÊÂÎï: A lot will depend on how she responds to the challenge. Ôںܴó³Ì¶ÈÉϽ«È¡¾öì¶Ëý¶ÔÕâÒ»ÄÑÌâµÄ·´Ó¦. * How much is produced depends on how hard we work. ²úÁ¿µÄ´óСÔÚì¶ÎÒÃÇŬÁ¦µÄ³Ì¶È. dependable adj ÿ¼ithat may be depended on ¿ÉÐÅÀµµÄ; ¿É¿¿µÄ: a dependable friend, car, service ¿É¿¿µÄÅóÓÑ¡¢ Æû³µ¡¢ ·þÎñ. dependability / dI9pendE5bIlEtI; dI-9pZndE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. dependably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv. dependant (also esp US dependent) / dI5pendEnt; dI`pZndEnt/ n person who depends on others for a home, food, etc ÒÀÀµËûÈËÉú»îÕß; ÊÜ·öÑøÕß. dependence / dI5pendEns; dI`pZndEns/ n [U] ~ on/upon sb/sth 1 trust in sb/sth; reliance on sb/sth ÐÅÀµ; ÐÅÈÎ: my complete dependence on her skill and experience ÎÒ¶ÔËýµÄ¼¼Çɺ;­ÑéµÄÍêÈ«ÐÅÀµ. 2 (a) state of having to be supported by others ÒÀÀµ: Find a job and end your dependence on your parents. ÕÒ¸ö¹¤×÷, ±ðÔÙÒÀÀµÄ㸸ĸÁË. (b) state of being affected by or needing sb/sth ÒÀ¿¿; Ö¸Íû: the dependence of the crops on the weather Êճɿ¿Ìì * medical treatment for drug/alcohol dependence ½ä³ý¶¾ñ«[¾Æñ«]µÄÖÎÁÆ. dependency / dI5pendEnsI; dI`pZndEnsI/ n country governed or controlled by another ¸½Êô¹ú; ¸½ÊôµØ: The Hawaiian Islands are no longer a dependency of the USA. ÏÄÍþÒÄȺµºÒѲ»ÔÙÊÇÃÀ¹úµÄÊôµØ. dependent / dI5pendEnt; dI`pZndEnt/ adj 1 ~ (on/upon sb/sth) needing support from sb ÐèҪijÈËÖ§³ÖµÄ; ÒÀ¿¿µÄ; ÒÀÀµµÄ: a woman with several dependent children ´øÖø¼¸¸öÎÞ·¨×ÔÀíµÄº¢×ÓµÄÅ®ÈË * be dependent on one's parents, a grant ÒÀ¿¿¸¸Ä¸[²¹Öú]. 2 [pred ×÷±íÓï] ~ on/upon sth affected or decided by sth È¡¾öì¶Ä³ÊÂÎï: Success is dependent on how hard you work. ³É°ÜÈ¡¾öì¶Å¬Á¦µÄ³Ì¶È. 3 [pred ×÷±íÓï] ~ on/upon sth needing sth physically ÈâÌåÉÏÐèҪijÎï: be dependent on drugs/alcohol Óж¾ñ«[¾Æñ«]. dependent n (esp US) = dependant. dependent clause = subordinate clause (subordinate). depict / dI5pIkt; dI`pIkt/ v [Tn, Cn.n/a, Cn.g] (a) show (sb/sth) as a picture; portray Ãè»æ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©; Ãè»­: a picture depicting him as a clown °ÑËû»­³ÉС³óµÄ»­ * The drawing depicts her sitting on a sofa. Õâ·ù»­»­µÄÊÇËý×øÔÚɳ·¢ÉϵÄ×ËÊÆ. (b) describe (sth) in words ÃèÊö, Ãèд£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ: Her novel depicts life in modern London (as an ordeal). ËýµÄС˵ÃèдµÄÊÇÂ׶ØÏÖ´úµÄÉú»î£¨¿à²»¿°ÑÔ£©. depiction / dI5pIkFn; dI`pIkFEn/ n [U, C]. depilatory / dI5pIlEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; dI`pIlE9tRrI/ n, adj (liquid, cream, etc) used for removing excess hair ÓÃÒÔÍÑëµÄ£¨Òº¡¢ ¸à¡¢ ˪¡¢ Ó͵ȣ©; ÍÑëµÄ; ÍÑë¼Á. deplane / 9di:5pleIn; di`plen/ v [I, Tn] (cause sb to) leave an aircraft £¨Ê¹Ä³ÈË£©Ï·ɻú: The troops (were) deplaned an hour later. ²¿¶ÓÒ»¸öСʱááÏÂÁË·É»ú. deplete / dI5pli:t; dI`plit/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] reduce greatly the quantity, size, power or value of (sth) ´óÁ¿Ï÷¼õ£¨Ä³ÎµÄÊýÁ¿¡¢ ÄÜÁ¦»ò¼ÛÖµ; ÏûºÄ: Our stock of food is greatly depleted. ÎÒÃǵÄʳÎï´¢±¸ÒÑÏûºÄ´ù¾¡. * This expense has depleted our funds. Õâ±Ê»¨·ÑÒÑʹÎÒÃǵÄ×ʽðËùÊ£ÎÞ¼¸. * a lake depleted of fish, ie with many of the fish gone ¼¸ºõÎÞÓãµÄºþ. depletion / dI5pli:Fn; dI`pliFEn/ n [U] depleting or being depleted Ï÷¼õ; ÏûºÄ. deplore / dI5plR:(r); dI`plRr/ v [Tn] (a) be shocked or offended by (sth); condemn ±»£¨Ä³ÊÂÎÕ𾪻ò´¥·¸; Ç´Ôð: She deplored his scandalous actions. ËýÇ´ÔðËûÄÇÁîÈË·ß¿®µÄÐÐΪ. (b) feel sorrow or regret about (sth) ¶Ô£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ¸Ðµ½±¯ÉË»ò»ÚºÞ. deplorable / dI5plR:rEbl; dI`plRrEbl/ adj that is, or should be, condemned £¨Ó¦£©ÊÜÇ´ÔðµÄ: a deplorable attitude, speech Ó¦ÊÜÇ´ÔðµÄ̬¶È¡¢ ½²»° * The acting was deplorable! ÕâÖÖÑݼ¼Ôã͸ÁË! deplorably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv. deploy / dI5plRI; dI`plRI/ v (a) [I, Tn] (cause troops, etc to) move into the correct position for battle £¨Ê¹²¿¶ÓµÈ£©½øÈëÕ½¶·Î»ÖÃ; µ÷¶È, ²¿Ê𣨾ü¶ÓµÈ£©: The infantry began to deploy at dawn. ²½±øÀèÃ÷ʱ¿ªÊ¼½øÈëÕ½¶·Î»ÖÃ. * Artillery was deployed in the west. ÅÚ±ø²¿ÊðÔÚÎ÷±ß. (b) [Tn] use (sth) effectively ÓÐЧµØʹÓã¨Ä³Î: deploy one's arguments, resources, etc ÓÐЧµØÀûÓÃÂ۾ݡ¢ ×ÊÔ´µÈ. deployment n [U]. deponent / dI5pEUnEnt; dI`ponEnt/ n (law ÂÉ) person who makes a written statement for use in a lawcourt £¨¸ø·¨Í¥ÌṩÊéÃæÖ¤´ÊµÄ£©Ö¤ÈË. depopulate / 9di:5pCpjUleIt; di`pBpjE9let/ v [Tn] reduce the number of people living in (a city, state, etc) ¼õÉÙ£¨Ä³³ÇÊС¢ Öݵȣ©µÄÈË¿Ú: a country depopulated by war, famine, disease, etc ÒòÕ½Õù¡¢ ¼¢»Ä¡¢ ¼²²¡µÈ¶øÈË¿ÚϽµµÄ¹ú¼Ò. depopulation / 9di:pCpjU5leIFn; 9dipBpjE`le-FEn/ n [U]. deport / dI5pR:t; dI`pRrt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from...) legally force (a foreigner, criminal, etc) to leave a country ½«£¨Íâ¹úÈË¡¢ ×ï·¸µÈ£©ÇýÖð³ö¾³: He was convicted of drug offences and deported. Ëû±»Åз¸Óж¾Æ·×ï¶øÔâÇýÖð³ö¾³. deportation / 9di:pR:5teIFn; 9dipRr`teFEn/ n [C, U] (instance of) deporting or being deported ÇýÖð³ö¾³: Years ago convicted criminals in England could face deportation to Australia. ºÜ¶àÄêÒÔÇ°, Ó¢¹úÒѶ¨×ïµÄ·¸ÈË¿ÉÄܱ»ÇýÖðµ½°Ä´óÀûÑÇ. deportee / 9di:pR:5ti:; 9dipRr`ti/ n person who is or has been deported ±»ÇýÖð³ö¾³µÄÈË. deportment / dI5pR:tmEnt; dI`pRrtmEnt/ n [U] (fml ÎÄ) (a) (Brit) way of standing and walking; bearing ¾ÙÖ¹; ·ç¶È; ÒÇ̬: Young ladies used to have lessons in deportment. ÉÙÅ®ÒÔÇ°ÒªÉÏÒÇ̬¿Î. (b) (US) behaviour ÐÐΪ; ¾ÙÖ¹. depose / dI5pEUz; dI`poz/ v 1 [Tn] remove (esp a ruler such as a king) from power °ÕÃâ, ¸ï³ý, ·Ï÷í£¨ÓÈָͳÖÎÕß, Èç¹úÍõ£©. 2 [Ipr, Tf] ~ to doing sth (law ÂÉ) give (usu written) evidence, esp on oath in a lawcourt £¨Í¨³£ÒÔÊéÃ棩֤Ã÷, ×÷Ö¤£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÔÚ·¨Í¥ÐûÊÄ£©: depose to having seen sth ÐûÊÄÖ¤Ã÷ÔøÄ¿¶ÃijÊÂÎï * depose that one saw sth ÐûÊÄÖ¤Ã÷Ç×ÑÛ¼ûµ½Ä³ÊÂÎï. Cf ²Î¿´ deposition. deposit / dI5pCzIt; dI`pBzIt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] 1 (a) put (money) into a bank, esp to earn interest, etc ½«£¨Ç®£©´æÈëÒøÐÐ: The cheque was only deposited yesterday, so it hasn't been cleared yet. ÕâÕÅ֧Ʊ×òÌì²Å´æÈëÒøÐÐ, ËùÒÔÉÐδ¶ÒÏÖ. (b) ~ sth (with sb) give (sth valuable or important) to sb to be kept in a safe place ½«£¨ÓмÛÖµµÄ»òÖØÒªÖ®Î½»ÓëijÈ˱£¹Ü: deposit papers with one's lawyer ½«Îļþ½»ÓëÂÉʦ±£¹Ü. 2 (a) pay (sth) as part of a larger sum, the rest of which is to be paid later ¸¶£¨¶¨½ð£©: I had to deposit 10% of the price of the house. ÎÒ±ØÐëÏȸ¶·¿¼ÛµÄ10%×÷¶¨Ç®. (b) pay (a sum) as a guarantee in case one damages or loses sth one is renting ¸¶£¨Ñº½ð£©: You must deposit 500 as well as the first month's rent. Äã±ØÐ븶500Ó¢°÷Ѻ½ð¼°µÚÒ»¸öÔµÄ×âÁÞ·Ñ. 3 ~ sth (on sth) (fml ÎÄ) (a) lay or put sth down ·ÅÏÂijÎï: He deposited the books on the desk. Ëû°ÑÊé·ÅÔڰ칫×ÀÉÏÁË. * Some insects deposit their eggs on the ground. ÓÐЩÀ¥³æ°ÑÂѲúÔÚµØÉÏ. (b) (esp of liquids or a river) cause (mud, silt, etc) to settle £¨ÓÈÖ¸ÒºÌå¡¢ ºÓÁ÷£©Ê¹£¨ÓÙÄàµÈ£©³Á»ý: The Nile floods the fields and deposits mud on them. ÄáÂÞºÓ·ºÀÄ, ÔÚÌïÒ°ÉÏÓÙ»ýÒ»²ãÄà. deposit / dI5pCzIt; dI`pBzIt/ n 1 [C] sum paid into an account, eg at a bank ´æ¿î: a 10 deposit 10Ó¢°÷µÄ´æ¿î * She made two deposits of 500 last month. ËýÉÏÔ´æÁËÁ½±Ê500Ó¢°÷µÄ¿î. 2 [C] ~ (on sth) (a) payment of a part of a larger sum, the rest of which is to be paid later ¶¨½ð; ¶¨Ç®: The shop promised to keep the goods for me if I paid a deposit. É̵ê´ðÓ¦, ÌÈÈôÎÒ¸¶¶¨½ð¾Í¸øÎÒ±£ÁôÕâÅú»õ. (b) sum that sb pays in advance, in case he damages or loses sth he is renting Ѻ½ð; ±£Ö¤½ð: I had to pay a 500 deposit to the landlord before I could move into the house. Îҵø¶¸ø·¿¶«500Ó¢°÷Ѻ½ð²ÅÄÜ°á½ø·¿ÀïÈ¥. 3 [C, U] (a) layer of matter laid down by a liquid, river, etc £¨ÒºÌå¡¢ ºÓÁ÷µÈµÄ£©³Á»ýÎï: A thick deposit of mud lay on the fields when the flood went down. ºéË®ÍËáá, ÌïÒ°ÉÏÁôÏÂÒ»²ãºñÄà. (b) layer of matter (often deep in the earth) that has accumulated naturally £¨³£ÎªÔڵزãÉî´¦µÄ£©³Á»ýÎï, ¿ó´²: Valuable deposits of oil have been found by drilling. ͨ¹ý×ê̽·¢ÏÖºÜÓпª²É¼ÛÖµµÄÓͲã. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) on de`posit in a deposit account ÔÚ¶¨ÆÚ´æ¿îÕÊ»§ÖÐ: have 2000 on deposit ÓÐ2000Ó¢°÷¶¨ÆÚ´æ¿î. deposit account type of account, usu at a bank, in which money earns interest but cannot be taken out unless the bank is warned in advance ¶¨ÆÚ´æ¿îÕÊ»§. Cf ²Î¿´ current account (current1), savings account (saving). deposition / 9depE5zIFn; 9dZpE`zIFEn/ n 1 [U] removing (a ruler such as a king) from power; dethronement £¨¶Ô¹úÍõµÈͳÖÎÕߵģ©·Ï÷í, °ÕÃâ. 2 [U, C] (law ÂÉ) (action of making a) statement on oath ÐûÊÄ×÷Ö¤; £¨¾­ÐûÊĵģ©Ö¤´Ê: The accused has made a deposition. ±»¸æÒÑÐûÊÄ×÷Ö¤. Cf ²Î¿´ depose. depositor / dI5pCzItE(r); dI`pBzItL/ n person who deposits (eg money in a bank) ´æ·ÅÕߣ¨ÈçÔÚÒøÐдæÇ®£©; ´æ»§; ´¢»§. depository / dI5pCzItErI; dI`pBzE9tRrI/ n place where things, eg furniture, are stored; storehouse ´¢²ØÊÒ; ²Ö¿â. depot / 5depEU; `dZpo/ n (1) (a) storehouse, esp for military supplies; warehouse ²Ö¿â; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©¾üÐè¿â; Õ»·¿. (b) place where vehicles, eg buses, are kept ³µ¿â£¨È繫¹²Æû³µµÄ£©. (2) (US) railway or bus station »ð³µÕ¾; ¹«¹²Æû³µÕ¾. deprave / dI5preIv; dI`prev/ v [Tn esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] (fml ÎÄ) make (sb) morally bad; corrupt ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©µÀµÂ°Ü»µ; ʹ¶éÂä; ʹ¸¯»¯: a man depraved by bad company ±»»µÅóÓÑ´ø»µµÄÈË. depravation / 9deprE5veIFn; 9dZprE`veFEn/ n [U] . depraved / dI5preIvd; dI`prevd/ adj morally bad; corrupt µÀµÂ°Ü»µµÄ; ¶éÂäµÄ; ¸¯»¯µÄ: depraved thoughts, morals, companions ¶éÂäµÄ˼Ïë¡¢ µÀµÂ¡¢ »ï°é * He was totally depraved. Ëû³¹µ×¶éÂäÁË. depravity / dI5prAvEtI; dI`prAvEtI/ n 1 [U] state of being depraved; corruption ¶éÂä; ¸¯»¯: a life of depravity ¸¯»¯µÄÉú»î * sunk in depravity ¶éÂä. 2 [C] depraved act ¶éÂäµÄÐÐΪ: the depravities of a corrupt ruler ¸¯°ÜµÄͳÖÎÕߵĶéÂäÐÐΪ. deprecate / 5deprEkeIt; `dZprE9ket/ v (fml ÎÄ) (a) [Tn, Tw, Tg, Tsg] feel and express disapproval of (sth) ¶Ô£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ±íʾ²»ÔÞ³É; ·´¶Ô: Hasty action is to be deprecated. Çв»¿É²ÝÂÊÐÐÊÂ. * He deprecates (her) changing the party's policy. Ëû²»Ô޳ɣ¨Ëý£©¸Ä±äµ³µÄ·½Õë. (b) [Tn, Tw] feel embarrassed or displeased by (sb's flattery, etc) Òò£¨Ä³È˵ķî³ÐµÈ£©¾õµÃÄÑΪÇé»ò²»×ÔÔÚ: deprecate sb's compliments, condescending charm ¶ÔijÈ˵ķî³Ð»°¡¢ Çü×𸩾͵Ä̬¶È¾õµÃ²»×ÔÔÚ. deprecating adj: a deprecating smile ²»ÒÔΪȻµÄ΢Ц. deprecatingly adv. deprecatory / 9deprI-5keItErI; ?@ -tR:rI; `dZprEkE9tRrI/ adj: a deprecatory remark, view, etc ±íʾ²»ÔõÄÑÔÓï¡¢ ¹ÛµãµÈ. depreciate / dI5pri:FIeIt; dI`priFI9et/ v 1 [I] become less valuable ±áÖµ: Shares in the company have depreciated. ¸Ã¹«Ë¾µÄ¹ÉƱÒѾ­±áÖµ. 2 [Tn] state that (sth) is not valuable, important, etc; disparage ±áµÍ; ÇáÊÓ: Don't depreciate my efforts to help/what I have done. ²»ÒªÇáÊÓÎÒΪ°ïæËù¸¶³öµÄŬÁ¦[ÎÒÒÑ×öµÄÊÂ]. depreciation / dI9pri:FI5eIFn; dI9priFI`eFEn/ n [C, U]: suffer a sharp depreciation ÔâÊܾ޴ó±áÖµËðʧ. depreciatory / dI5pri:FEtErI; ?@ -tR:rI; dI`priFE9tRrI/ adj: depreciatory remarks about a great achievement ¶ÔÒ»¾Þ´ó³É¾ÍµÄÇáÃïÑÔÂÛ. depredation / 9deprE5deIFn; 9dZprE`deFEn/ n [pl] (fml ÎÄ) damage caused by an attack, accident, etc £¨Óɹ¥»÷¡¢ ʹʵÈÔì³ÉµÄ£©Ëð»µ, ÆÆ»µ: The town survived the depredations of marauding gangs. Õâ¸ö³ÇÕò¾­ÊÜסÁË´ò¼Ò½ÙÉáµÄ·ËͽÔì³ÉµÄÆÆ»µ. * the depredations of the storm ±©·çÓêµÄõåõï. depress / dI5pres; dI`prZs/ v [Tn] 1 make (sb) sad and without enthusiasm ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©Ódzî, Ïû³Á, ¾ÚÉ¥: Wet weather always depresses me. ÎÒÔÚÒõÓêÌì×ÜÊÇÐÄ»ÒÒâÀÁ. 2 press, push or pull (sth) down ½«£¨Ä³ÎѹÏÂ, ÍÆÏÂ, À­ÏÂ: depress a lever, a piano key, a button, etc ѹ¸Ü¸Ë¡¢ °´¸ÖÇÙ¼ü¡¢ °´Å¥. 3 make (esp trade) less active ʹ£¨ÓÈָóÒ×£©²»»îÔ¾, ²»¾°Æø, ÏôÌõ: depress a market ʹÊг¡ÏôÌõ * depress sales ʹÏúÊÛ¶îϽµ * A rise in oil prices depresses the car market. ÓͼÛÉÏÕǵ¼ÖÂÆû³µÊг¡²»¾°Æø. depressant / -Ent; -nt/ n, adj (substance) that reduces mental or physical activity ÒÖÖÆ£¨ÄÔÁ¦»òÌåÁ¦»î¶¯£©µÄ£¨Ò©Î: a depressant drug ÒÖÖÆÒ©. depressed adj sad and without enthusiasm ÓdzîµÄ; Ïû³ÁµÄ; ¾ÚÉ¥µÄ: depressed about the election results ÒòÑ¡¾Ù½á¹û¶ø´¹Í·É¥Æø. depressing adj making one feel depressed ÁîÈËÓdzîµÄ; ʹÈ˾ÚÉ¥µÄ: a depressing sight, prospect, film ÁîÈ˾ÚÉ¥µÄ¾°Ïó¡¢ Ç°¾°¡¢ ӰƬ. depressingly adv: The crime rate is depressingly high. ·¸×ïÂÊÌ«¸ß, ÁîÈËÓÇÐÄâçâç. depressed area part of a country where there is little economic activity (resulting in poverty and unemployment) £¨Ò»¹úµÄ£©¾­¼ÃÏôÌõµØÇø. depression / dI5preFn; dI`prZFEn/ n 1 [U] being depressed; low spirits Ódzî; ¾ÚÉ¥; Ïû³Á: He committed suicide during a fit of depression. ËûһʱÏë²»¿ª, ×ÔɱÁË. 2 [C] hollow sunken place in the surface of sth, esp the ground; dip °¼ÏÝ´¦; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©ÍݵØ, ¿Ó: depressions on the face of the moon ÔÂÇò±íÃæµÄ°¼ÏÝ´¦ * The soldiers hid from the enemy in a slight depression. Ê¿±øÃÇÒþ²ØÔÚµÍÍÝ´¦, ¶ã¹ýÁ˵ÐÈË. 3 [C] period when there is little economic activity, and usu poverty and unemployment ¾­¼ÃÏôÌõÆÚ. 4 [C] (a) (winds caused by a) lowering of atmospheric pressure Æøѹ½µµÍ£¨ÐγɵÄÆøÁ÷£©. (b) area where this happens µÍÆøѹÇø: a depression over Iceland ±ùµºÉϿյĵÍÆøѹÇø. Cf ²Î¿´ anticyclone. depressive / dI5presIv; dI`prZsIv/ adj 1 tending to depress; of depression ÓdzîµÄ; ѹÒÖµÄ; ¾ÚÉ¥µÄ; ÒÖÓôµÄ: a depressive drug, illness ÒײúÉúÒÖÓôµÄÒ©Îï¡¢ ¼²²¡. 2 intended to reduce trading activity Ϊ¼õÉÙóÒ׻µÄ: a depressive financial policy ΪÒÖÖÆóÒ׻¶ø²ÉÈ¡µÄ½ðÈÚ·½Õë. depressive n person who often suffers from depression(1) ¾­³£Ódz ¾ÚÉ¥¡¢ Ïû³ÁµÄÈË. depressurize, depressurise / 9di:5preFEraIz; di`prZFE9raIz/ v [Tn] reduce the pressure of air or gas in (a vessel, cabin, etc) ¼õµÍ, ½µµÍ£¨ÈÝÆ÷¡¢ ²ÕÊҵȣ©µÄÆøѹ. depressurization, depressurisation n [U]. deprive / dI5praIv; dI`praIv/ v [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth of sth take sth away from sb/sth; prevent sb/sth from enjoying or using sth °þ¶áijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]µÄijÊÂÎï; ×èֹijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]ÏíÓлòʹÓÃijÊÂÎï: deprived of one's civil rights °þ¶áijÈ˵Ĺ«ÃñȨ * trees that deprive a house of light ÕÚס·¿ÖйâÏßµÄÊ÷ * (joc ÚÊ) Are you depriving us of your company (ie leaving us)? ÄãÒªÉáÎÒÃǶøÈ¥Âð? deprivation / 9deprI5veIFn; 9dZprI`veFEn/ n 1 [U] (a) depriving or being deprived °þ¶á: suffer deprivation of one's rights as a citizen ¹«ÃñȨÔâµ½°þ¶á. (b) state of not having the normal benefits of adequate food, etc; poverty ƶ·¦; ÇîÀ§: widespread deprivation caused by unemployment ÓÉʧҵÔì³ÉµÄÆÕ±éƶÀ§ÏÖÏó. 2 [C] thing of which one is deprived ±»°þ¶áµÄÊÂÎï; ɥʧµÄÊÂÎï: Missing the holiday was a great deprivation. ´í¹ý¼ÙÈÕÊǼ«´óµÄËðʧ. deprived adj without the normal benefits of adequate food, housing, health care, etc ƶÀ§µÄ; Çî¿àµÄ: a deprived childhood, background, area ƶ¿àµÄͯÄê¡¢ ³öÉí¡¢ µØÇø * The poorest and most deprived people will receive special government help. ×îÇîµÄ¡¢ Éú»îÌõ¼þ×î²îµÄÈ˿ɵõ½Õþ¸®µÄÌرðÔ®Öú. Dept abbr Ëõд = Department(1): Linguistics Dept, eg of a university ÓïÑÔѧϵ£¨Èç´óѧµÄ£©. depth / depW; dZpW/ n 1 [C, U] (a) distance from the top down Éî, Éî¶È£¨´ÓÉÏÖÁϵľàÀ룩: the depth of the well, mine, box, trunk ¾®¡¢ ¿ó¾®¡¢ ºÐ¡¢ ÐÐÀîÏäµÄÉî¶È * Water was found at a depth of 30 ft. ÔÚ30Ó¢³ßÉî´¦ÕÒµ½ÁËË®. * At what depth does the wreck lie? ³Á´¬Î»ÖõÄÉî¶ÈÊǶàÉÙ? =>illus at dimension ¼ûdimensionÖ®²åͼ. (b) distance from the front to the back ¿í, ¿í¶È£¨´ÓÇ°ÖÁááµÄ¾àÀ룩: shelves with a depth of 8 ins 8Ó¢´ç¿íµÄ¸é°å. (c) distance from the surface inwards Éî, Éî¶È£¨´Ó±íÃæÏòÄÚ²¿µÄ¾àÀ룩: the depth of a wound, crack, etc ÉË¿Ú¡¢ ÁÑ·ìµÈµÄÉî¶È. 2 [C, U] (a) (of colours, darkness, etc) intensity £¨Ö¸ÑÕÉ«¡¢ ºÚ°µµÈ£©Å¨¶È, Ç¿¶È. (b) (of sounds) lowness in pitch £¨Ö¸ÉùÒô£©µÍ³Á. 3 [U] (a) (of feelings, etc) sincerity; intensity £¨Ö¸¸ÐÇéµÈ£©³ÏÖ¿, Õæ³Ï, Ç¿ÁÒ: the depth of her love Ëý°®ÇéµÄÕæÖ¿. (b) ability to understand or explain difficult ideas ÁìÎò»ò½âÊÍÉî°ÂÒâÄîµÄÄÜÁ¦: a writer of great depth and wisdom ¼«¾ßÁìÎòÁ¦ºÍÖǻ۵Ä×÷¼Ò. (c) having or showing this ability ÉÏÊöÄÜÁ¦µÄÌåÏÖ: a novel that lacks depth ȱ·¦Éî¶ÈµÄС˵. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) ,in `depth thoroughly ÍêÈ«µØ; ³¹µ×µØ; ÉîÈëµØ: to study a subject in depth ÉîÈëÑо¿Ò»¿ÆÄ¿ * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] an ,in-depth `study ÉîÈëµÄÑо¿. in the ~(s) of sth when or where sth is deepest, most severe, etc ÔÚ×îÉî´¦; ÔÚ×îÑϾþµÄʱ¿Ì: in the depth of winter ÔÚ¡¶¬ * in the depths of despair ÔÚ¾øÍûµÄÉîÔ¨ * in the depth of the country, ie a long way from a town ÔÚÆ«Ô¶µÄÏç´å. (be/get) out of one's depth (a) (be/go) in water too deep to stand in ÔÚÉîµÃ²»ÄÜÕ¾Á¢µÄË®ÖÐ: If you can't swim, don't get out of your depth. ²»»áÓÎÓ¾¾Í²»Òªµ½Ë®Éîû¶¥µÄµØ·½È¥. (b) (be/become) unable to understand a subject or topic ²»ÄÜÀí½â: When they start talking about economics, I'm out of my depth. ËûÃÇһ̸Æð¾­¼Ãѧ, ÎÒ¾ÍÒ»Çϲ»Í¨ÁË. plumb the depths of sth => plumb. depth charge bomb used against submarines that explodes under water Éîˮըµ¯. Cf ²Î¿´ mine2. deputation / 9depjU5teIFn; 9dZpjE`teFEn/ n [CGp] group of people given the right to act or speak for others ´ú±íÍÅ. depute / dI5pju:t; dI`pjut/ v (fml ÎÄ) 1 [Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb give (one's work, authority, etc) to sb else ½«£¨¹¤×÷¡¢ ְȨµÈ£©½»ÓèijÈË: He deputed the running of the department to an assistant. Ëû°Ñ²¿ÃŵĹÜÀí¹¤×÷ίÍиøÖúÊÖÁË. 2 [Dn.t] give (sb else) authority to act or speak on one's behalf ¸øÓ裨ijÈË£©´ú±íÐÐÊ»ò·¢ÑÔ֮Ȩ: They were deputed to put our views to the assembly. ËûÃÇ´ú±íÎÒÃÇÏòÒé»á±í´ïÎÒÃǵĹ۵ã. deputize, deputise / 5depjUtaIz; `dZpjE9taIz/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) act or speak on sb's behalf ´ú±íijÈËÐÐÊ»ò˵»°: Dr Mitchell's ill so I'm deputizing (for her). Ã×Çжû²©Ê¿²¡ÁË, ËùÒÔÎÒ×ö´úÀí£¨ËýµÄ£©¹¤×÷. deputy / 5depjUtI; `dZpjEtI/ n 1 person who is given work, authority, etc (eg during sb's absence) ´úÀíÈË; ´ú±í: I'm acting as deputy till the headmaster returns. ÎÒÔÚУ³¤»ØÀ´Ç°´úÐÐËûµÄÖ°Îñ. 2 person who is immediately below the head of a business, school, etc £¨ÆóÒµ¡¢ ѧУµÈÁìµ¼È˵ģ©¸±ÊÖ: the Director General and his deputy ¶­Ê³¤¼°Æ丱ÊÖ * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] the deputy headmistress Å®¸±Ð£³¤. 3 (in some countries, eg France) member of a legislative assembly £¨Ä³Ð©¹ú¼ÒÖÐ, Èç·¨¹úµÄ£©ÒéÔ±. derail / dI5reIl; dI`rel/ v [Tn] cause (a train, etc) to go off the rails ʹ£¨»ð³µµÈ£©Íѹì: The engine was derailed by a tree lying across the line. ÓÐÒ»¿ÃÊ÷ºáÔÚÌú¹ìÉÏ, Ôì³É»ú³µ³ö¹ì. derailment n. deranged / dI5reIndVd; dI`rendVd/ adj unable to act and think normally, esp because of mental illness; seriously disturbed ¾«Éñ´íÂÒµÄ; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©Óо«Éñ²¡µÄ; ¾«Éñʧ³£µÄ: She's completely deranged. ËýÍêÈ«¾«Éñ´íÂÒÁË. * a deranged attacker, mind, laugh ·è¿ñµÄ¹¥»÷Õß¡¢ ʧ³£µÄÐÄ̬¡¢ ¿ñЦ. derangement n [U]. derby / 5dB:bI; ?@ 5d\:rbI; `d[bI/ n 1 the Derby [sing] annual horse race at Epsom, England µÂ±ÈÂíÈü£¨Ó¢¹ú°£ÆÕɪķһÄêÒ»¶ÈµÄÂíÈü£©. 2 [C] (US) any of several annual horse races £¨Ã¿Äê¾ÙÐеÄÈκεģ©ÂíÈü. 3 [C] any important sporting contest £¨ÈκÎÖØÒªµÄ£©Ô˶¯±ÈÈü: a local derby, ie between local teams ±¾µØµÄÔ˶¯±ÈÈü. Derby Day day when the Derby is run (in June) £¨Ó¢¹ú°£ÆÕɪķһÄêÒ»¶ÈµÄ£©ÂíÈüÈÕ£¨ÔÚÁùÔ·ݣ©. derby / 5d\:rbI; `d[bI/ n (US) = bowler2. deregulate / 9di:5regjUleIt; di`rZ^jE9let/ v [Tn] remove the regulations from (sth) ³·Ïú¶Ô£¨Ä³ÊÂÎµÄ¹æ¶¨¡¢ ¹ÜÖÆ: deregulate the price of oil ³·Ïú¶ÔʯÓͼ۸ñµÄ¹ÜÖÆ. deregulation n [U]. derelict / 5derElIkt; `dZrE9lIkt/ adj deserted and allowed to fall into ruins; dilapidated ÆúÖõÄ; ÆƾɵÄ; Ì®ËúµÄ: a derelict house ÆúÖõķ¿ÎÝ * derelict areas ÀëÆúµÄµØÇø. dereliction / 9derE5lIkFn; 9dZrE`lIkFEn/ n 1 [U] being derelict ÒÅÆú; ÆúÖÃ: a house in a state of dereliction ÆúÖõķ¿ÎÝ. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) ,dereliction of `duty (fml ÎÄ) (deliberate) failure to do what one ought to do ʧְ: be guilty of a serious dereliction of duty ·¸ÑÏÖØʧְ×ï. derestrict / 9di:rI5strIkt; 9dirI`strIkt/ v [Tn] remove a restriction, esp a speed limit, from (sth) È¡Ïû¶Ô£¨Ä³Ê ÎµÄÏÞÖÆ£¨ÓÈÖ¸³µËÙ£©: derestrict a road È¡Ïû¶ÔÒ»¹«Â·µÄËÙ¶ÈÏÞÖÆ. deride / dI5raId; dI`raId/ v [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) treat sb/sth as funny and not worthy of serious attention; mock sb/sth ³°Ð¦; ³°Åª: They derided his efforts (as childish). ËûÃdz°Ð¦ËûµÄ×ö·¨£¨ºÜÓ×ÖÉ£©. derision / dI5rIVn; dI`rIVEn/ n [U] ridicule or mockery ³°Ð¦; ³°Åª; Ц±ú: be an object of general derision, ie be derided by everybody ÊÇ´ó¼Ò³°ÅªµÄ¶ÔÏó * Her naive attitude provoked their derision. ËýÄÇÌìÕæµÄ̬¶ÈÊܵ½ËûÃdz°Ð¦. derisive / dI5raIsIv; dI`raIsIv/ adj showing ridicule or mockery ³°Ð¦µÄ; ³°ÅªµÄ: derisive laughter, booing, etc ³°ÅªµÄЦÉù¡¢ ÐêÉùµÈ. derisively adv. derisory / dI5raIsErI; dI`raIsErI/ adj 1 so small or unimportant that it is not worth considering seriously ²»ÖµÒ»ßÓµÄ: a derisory offer, eg 100 for a car that is worth 1000 µÍµÃ¿ÉЦµÄ³ö¼Û£¨Èç¶Ô¼ÛÖµ1000Ó¢°÷µÄÆû³µ, ³ö¼Û100Ó¢°÷£©. 2 = derisive. derivation / 9derI5veIFn; 9dZrE`veFEn/ n 1 [U] development or origin (esp of words) ·¢Õ¹; ÆðÔ´; £¨ÓÈÖ¸´ÊÓïµÄ£©ÅÉÉú: the derivation of words from Latin ´ÊÓï×ÔÀ­¶¡ÎĵÄÅÉÉú * a word of French derivation ÓÉ·¨ÓïÅÉÉúµÄ´Ê. 2 [C] (a) first form and meaning of a word ´ÊÔ´. (b) later change of form and meaning ÅÉÉúµÄ´ÊÐκʹÊÒå: give the derivations of words Ö¸³ö´ÊÓïµÄÅÉÉú´ÊÐκʹÊÒå. derivative / dI5rIvEtIv; dE`rIvEtIv/ adj (usu derog ͨ³£×÷±áÒå) derived from sth else; not original ÓÉËûÊÂÎïÑݱäµÄ; ·Ç¶À´´µÄ: a derivative design, style, etc µ¸Ï®Ç°È˵ÄÉè¼Æ¡¢ ʽÑùµÈ. derivative n derived word or thing ÅÉÉú´Ê; ÑÜÉúÎï: `Assertion' is a derivative of `assert'. assertionÊÇassertµÄÅÉÉú´Ê. derive / dI5raIv; dE`raIv/ v 1 [Tn.pr] ~ sth from sth (fml ÎÄ) obtain sth from sth; get sth from sth µÃµ½; »ñÈ¡: derive great pleasure from one's studies ´ÓѧϰÖлñµÃ¼«´óÀÖȤ * She derived no benefit from the course of drugs. ËýÓÃÒ©¾­´ËÁƳÌáá²¢ÎÞºÃת. 2 (a) [Ipr] ~ from sth have sth as a starting-point, source or origin; originate from sth Ô´×Ô; Ô´ì¶: Thousands of English words derive from Latin. Ó¢ÓïÖÐÓгÉǧÉÏÍòµÄ´ÊÔ´×ÔÀ­¶¡ÎÄ. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sth from sth trace sth from (a source) ¶ÔijÊÂÎï×·±¾ÇîÔ´: We can derive the word `derelict' from the Latin `derelictus'. derelict ÕâÒ»´ÊµÄÆðÔ´¿ÉÒÔ×·Ëݵ½À­¶¡ÎÄµÄ derelictus. derm(a)- comb form ¹¹´Ê³É·Ö of skin Ƥ·ôµÄ: dermatology * dermatitis. dermatitis / 9d\:mE5taItIs; 9d[mE`taItIs/ n [U] (medical Ò½) inflammation of the skin ƤÑ×. dermatology / 9d\:mE5tClEdVI; 9d[mE`tBlEdVI/ n [U] medical study of the skin and its diseases, etc Ƥ·ôѧ; Ƥ·ô²¡Ñ§. dermatologist / 9d\:mE5tClEdVIst; 9d[mE`tBlEdVIst/ n expert in dermatology Ƥ·ôѧר¼Ò; Ƥ·ô²¡×¨¼Ò. dermis / 5d\:mIs; `d[mIs/ n (anatomy ½â) layer of skin below the epidermis ÕæƤ£¨±íƤÏÂÃæµÄƤ²ã£©. derogate / 5derEgeIt; `dZrE9^et/ v [Ipr] ~ from sth (fml ÎÄ) cause sth to seem inferior; detract from sth ±áµÍ; ¼õËð; »ÙËð: remarks derogating from her merits, qualities, virtues, etc ±áµÍËýµÄÓŵ㡢 Æ·ÖÊ¡¢ ÃÀµÂµÈµÄÑÔÓï. derogatory / dI5rCgEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; dI`rB^E9tRrI/ adj (abbr derog in this dictionary ±¾´ÊµäËõд×÷derog) showing a hostile or critical attitude (to sb's reputation, etc); insulting ±áµÍµÄ; »ÙËðµÄ; ±áÒÖµÄ; ÎêÈèµÄ: The word `pig' is a derogatory term for policeman. pigÊǸöÎêÈ辯²ìµÄ´Ê. * remarks that were highly derogatory ¼«ÉËÈ˵ÄÑÔÓï. derrick / 5derIk; `dZrIk/ n 1 large crane for moving or lifting heavy weights, esp on a ship ת±ÛÆðÖØ»ú; £¨ÓÈÖ¸ÂÖ´¬Éϵģ©Î¦¸ËÆðÖØ»ú. 2 framework over an oil well or borehole, to hold the drilling machinery, etc ¾®¼Ü; ×êËþ. Cf ²Î¿´ oil rig (oil). derring-do / 9derIN5du:; `dZrIN`du/ n [U] (arch or joc ¹Å»òÚÊ) heroic deeds Ó¢ÓÂʼ£: stirring tales of derring-do ½²ÊöÓ¢ÓÂʼ£µÄ¼¤¶¯ÈËÐĵĹÊÊÂ. derv / d\:v; d[v/ n [U] (Brit) fuel oil for diesel engines (from diesel-engined road vehicle) ²ñÓÍ»úȼÓÍ£¨ÓÉdiesel-engined road vehicleËĴʵÄÊ××Öĸ×é³É£©. dervish / 5d\:vIF; `d[vIF/ n member of a Muslim religious order £¨ÒÁ˹À¼½ÌµÄ£©¿àÐÐÉ®ÈË: dancing dervishes, ie those who take part in whirling dances ÌøÐýתÎ赸µÄ¿àÐÐÉ®ÈË. DES / 9di: i: 5es; 9di i `Zs/ abbr Ëõд = (Brit) Department of Education and Science ½ÌÓýôß¿Æѧ²¿: DES grants ½ÌÓýôß¿Æѧ²¿²¦¿î. desalinate / 9di:5sAlIneIt; di`sAlE9net/ v [Tn] remove salt from (esp sea-water) ´Ó£¨ÓÈÖ¸º£Ë®£©ÖгýÈ¥ÑηÖ; ʹÍÑÑÎ. desalination / 9di:9slI5neIFn; 9disAlE`neFEn/ n [U]. descale / 9di:5skeIl; di`skel/ v [Tn] remove scale1(3) from (eg the inside of boilers and kettles) ´Ó£¨Èç¹ø¯ºÍË®ºøµÄÄÚ±Ú£©Éϳýȥˮ¹¸, Ë®Ðâ. descant / 5deskAnt; `dZskAnt/ n (music Òô) treble accompaniment (often improvised) which is sung or played to a melody ¸ßÒô²¿°é×à»ò°é³ª£¨³£Îª¼´Ð˵ģ©. descant v / dI5sknt; dI`skAnt/ [Ipr] ~ on/upon sth 1 (music Òô) sing or play a descant on sth ΪijÀÖÇú×÷¸ßÒô°é×à»ò°é³ª. 2 (fml ÎÄ) talk for a long time about sth; comment on sth ³¤Ê±¼ä̸ÂÛijÊÂ; ÆÀÂÛijÎï: descant endlessly on the Government's failings ÎÞ¾¡ÎÞÐݵØ̸ÂÛÕþ¸®µÄ¹ýʧ. descend / dI5send; dI`sZnd/ v 1 (fml ÎÄ) (a) [I, Tn] come or go down (sth) ÏÂÀ´; ÏÂÈ¥; Ͻµ: The balloon descended gradually as the air came out. ÆøÇò¿ÕÆøÍâÒݶø»º»ºÏ½µ. * She descended the stairs. Ëý×ßÏÂÂ¥ÌÝ. (b) [I] (of a hill, etc) lead downwards; slope £¨Ö¸É½µÈ£©ÏÂÇã, ÏÂб: We turned the corner and saw that the road descended steeply. ÎÒÃÇת¹ýÍä, ¿´µ½Â·¶¸È»ÏÂÇã. 2 [Ipr] ~ from sb (of properties, qualities, rights) pass from father to son; be inherited by sb from sb £¨Ö¸²Æ²ú¡¢ ÆøÖÊ¡¢ ȨÀû£©Óɸ¸´«×Ó, ´ÓijÈË´¦¼Ì³Ð, ´«ÏÂ, ÒÅ´«: The title descends to me from my father. Õâ¸öÍ·ÏÎÊÇÓÉÎÒ¸¸Ç×´«¸øÎÒµÄ. 3 [I] (fml ÎÄ) (of night, darkness) fall £¨Ö¸Ò¹¡¢ ºÚ°µ£©½µÁÙ: Night descends quickly in the tropics. ÈÈ´øµØÇøºÚÒ¹À´µÃºÜ¿ì. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) be descended from sb have sb as an ancestor ΪijÈ˵ÄááÒá: She claims to be descended from royalty. ËýÉù³ÆËýÊÇ»ÊÊÒááÒá. 5 (phr v) descend on/upon sb/sth (a) attack sb/sth suddenly Ï®»÷ijÈË[ijÎï]: The police descended on their hide-out. ¾¯²ìͻϮÁËËûÃǵIJØÉí´¦. (b) visit sb/sth unexpectedly or inconveniently ³öºõÒâÁϵػò²»ºÏʱÒ˵ØÈ¥¼ûijÈË[À´µ½Ä³´¦]: My sister's family is descending on us this weekend. Ïë²»µ½ÎÒ½ã½ãÒ»¼Ò±¾ÖÜÄ©Òªµ½ÎÒÃÇÕâÀïÀ´. descend to sth (no passive ²»ÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬) do or say sth that is mean and unworthy of one; stoop to sth ×ö»ò˵±°±ÉÎ޳ܵÄÊÂ; ½µµÍÉí·Ö»òÈ˸ñ×öijÊÂ: descend to fraud, abuse, bad language ¶éÂ䵽ȥÆÛÕ©¡¢ ÈèÂî¡¢ ʹÓÃÏÂÁ÷ÓïÑÔ. descendant / -Ent; -Ent/ n person descended from another áá´ú; ááÒá: the descendants of Queen Victoria ά¶àÀûÑÇÅ®ÍõµÄááÒá. Cf ²Î¿´ ancestor 1. descent / dI5sent; dI`sZnt/ n 1 (a) [C usu sing ͨ³£×÷µ¥Êý] coming or going down ÏÂÀ´; ÏÂÈ¥: The plane began its descent into Paris. ·É»úµ½°ÍÀ迪ʼ½µÂä. (b) [C] slope бÆÂ: Here there is a gradual descent to the sea. ÕâÀïÓиöͨÏòº£µÄ»ºÆÂ. 2 [U] origins; ancestry ³öÉí; Ѫͳ; ×æÏÈ; ×æ¼®: of French descent, ie having French ancestors ×æ¼®·¨¹ú * He traces his descent from the Stuart kings. ËûµÄ×æÏÈ¿É×·ËÝÖÁ˹ͼÑÇÌعúÍõ. 3 [C] ~(on/upon sb/sth) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) (a) attack ¹¥»÷; Ï®»÷: the invaders' descent on the town ÈëÇÖÕ߶ԸóǵĹ¥»÷. (b) unexpected or inconvenient visit ³öºõÒâÁϵĻò²»ºÏʱÒ˵ĵ½·Ã: a sudden descent by tax officials Ë°Îñ¹ÙԱ֮ͻȻµ½À´. 4 [sing] change to behaviour that is low and unworthy ¶éÂä: a sharp descent to violent abuse ͻȻ´ÖË×µÃÆÆ¿Ú´óÂî. describe / dI5skraIb; dI`skraIb/ v 1 [Tn, Tw, Cn.n/a, Dn.pr, Dpr.w] ~ sb/sth (to/for sb); ~ sb/sth as sth say what sb/sth is like; depict sth in words ÃèÊöijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]; ÐðÊöijÊÂÎï; ÐÎÈÝ: Words cannot describe the beauty of the scene. ÄǾ°É«Ö®ÃÀÄÑÒÔÑÔ´«. * Describe (to me) how you were received. £¨¸úÎÒ£©ËµËµ½Ó´ýÄãµÄÇé¿ö. * She described it as red with pink frills. Ëý½«Ö®ÃèÊöΪºìÉ«µÄ´øÓзۺìÉ«Êαß. 2 [Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth as sth state sb/sth to be sth; call ½Ð×ö; ³Æ×ö: I hesitate to describe him as really clever. ÎÒºÜÄÑ˵ËûÕæ´ÏÃ÷. * He describes himself as a doctor. Ëû×Ô³ÆÊÇÒ½Éú. 3 [Tn] (a) draw (esp a geometrical figure) »­£¨ÓÈÖ¸¼¸ºÎͼÐΣ©: describe a circle with a pair of compasses ÓÃÔ²¹æ»­Ô². (b) move along (a line, curve, etc) ÑØ£¨Ö±Ïß¡¢ ÇúÏߵȣ©Òƶ¯: A bullet describes a curved path in the air. ×Óµ¯ÔÚ¿ÕÖÐ×÷ÇúÏßÔ˶¯. description / dI5skrIpFn; dI`skrIpFEn/ n 1 (a) [U] saying in words what sb/sth is like ¶ÔijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]µÄÃèÊö¡¢ ÐðÊö¡¢ ÐÎÈÝ: He's not very good at description. Ëû²»´óÉó¤ÃèдÐðÊö. * The scenery was beautiful beyond description. ÄÇ·ç¾°ÃÀÀöµÃÄÑÒÔÐÎÈÝ. (b) [C] picture in words Ãè»æ: Can you give me a description of the thief? ÄãÄܸøÎÒÐÎÈÝÒ»ÏÂÄǸöÇÔÔôµÄÄ£ÑùÂð? 2 (preceded by of and an adj or some, every, etc ÓÃì¶ofºÍÐÎÈÝ´Ê»òsome¡¢ everyµÈÖ®áá) (infml ¿Ú) type; sort ÀàÐÍ; ÖÖÀà: boats of every description ¸÷ÖÖÀàÐ͵Ĵ¬ * a house of some description ijÖÖÀàÐ͵ķ¿×Ó * wearing a dress of no particular description, ie a very ordinary dress ´©ÖøºÜÆÕͨµÄÁ¬ÒÂȹ * medals, coins and things of that description ÄÇÒ»ÀàµÄ¼ÍÄîÕ¡¢ Ó²±Ò¡¢ ¶«Î÷. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) answer to a description => answer2. beggar description => beggar. descriptive / dI5skrIptIv; dI`skrIptIv/ adj 1 (a) giving a picture in words ÃèÊöµÄ; ÃèдµÄ: a descriptive passage in a novel С˵ÖеÄÒ»¶ÎÃèд. (b) describing sth with skill ¾«ì¶ÃèÊöµÄ: a very descriptive account of a journey ¶ÔÂóÌÊ®·ÖÉú¶¯µÄÐðÊö * The report was so descriptive, I felt as if I were there. ÕⱨµÀдµÃ»îÉ«ÉúÏã, ÎÒÒ²ÍðÈçÉíÁÙÆä¾³. 2 (grammar) describing how language is actually used, without giving rules for how it ought to be used ÃèдÓïÑԵģ¨ÃèÊöÓïÑÔµÄʹÓÃʵ¿ö¶ø²»¹æ¶¨Ê¹ÓùæÔòµÄ£©. descriptively adv. descriptiveness n [U]. descry / dI5skraI; dI`skraI/ v (pt, pp descried) [Tn] (fml ÎÄ) see (sth) esp a long way away; catch sight of ¿´¼û£¨Ä³Î£¨ÓÈÖ¸´ÓÔ¶´¦£©; Íû¼û: I descry a sail on the horizon. ÎÒ¿´¼ûÔÚÌìË®½»½Ó´¦µÄÂÖ´¬. desecrate / 5desIkreIt; `dZsI9kret/ n [Tn] treat (a sacred thing or place) in an unworthy or evil way Ùô䣨ʥÎï»òÊ¥µØ£©: desecrate a grave, chapel, monument, etc Ùôä·ØĹ¡¢ С½ÌÌᢠ¼ÍÄî±®µÈ. desecration / 9desI5kreIFn; 9dZsI`kreFEn/ n [U] desecrating or being desecrated ÙôäÂ. desegregate / 9di:5segrIgeIt; di`sZ^rI^et/ v [Tn] end racial segregation in (sth) ·Ï³ý£¨Ä³ÊÂÎµÄÖÖ×å¸ôÀë: desegregate schools, buses ·Ï³ýѧУÀï¡¢ ¹«¹²Æû³µÀïµÄÖÖ×å¸ôÀë. desegregation / 9di:9segrI5geIFn; di9sZ^rI`^eFEn/ n [U]. deselect / 9di:sI5lekt; 9disE`lZkt/ v [Tn] (Brit) (of a local constituency party) reject (the existing Member of Parliament) as a candidate at a forthcoming election £¨Ö¸µØ·½Ñ¡ÇøÕþµ³£©·ñ¾ö£¨ÏÖÈÎÒéÔ±£©×÷ϽìºòÑ¡ÈË. deselection n [U]. desensitize, desensitise / 9di:5sensItaIz; di`sZnsE9taIz/ v [Tn] make (a patient, nerve, etc) insensitive or less sensitive to light, pain, etc ʹ£¨²¡ÈË¡¢ Éñ¾­µÈ£©¶Ô¹â¡¢ ÌÛÍ´µÈÎ޸оõ»ò²»Ãô¸Ð; ʹÍÑÃô: desensitize an area of skin ʹһ¿éƤ·ôÍÑÃô * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) people who are morally desensitized µÀµÂ¹ÛÄǿµÄÈË. desensitization, desensitisation / 9di:9sensItaI5zeIFn; ?@ -tE5z-; 9disZnsEtE`zeFEn/ n [U]. desert / dI5z\:t; dI`z[t/ v 1 [Tn] (a) go away from (a place) without intending ever to return ÀëÆú£¨Ò»µØ·½£©; ·ÅÆú; ÒÅÆú: desert a house, city, etc ÀëÆúÒ»Ëù·¿ÎÝ¡¢ Ò»×ù³ÇÊÐµÈ * The village had been hurriedly deserted, perhaps because terrorists were in the area. È«´åÈ˶¼´Ò´ÒÌÓ×ßÁË, »òÐíÒòΪ¸ÃµØÇøÓпֲÀ·Ö×Ó. (b) leave (sb) without help or support; abandon ÀëÆú£¨Ä³ÈË£©; Å×Æú: He deserted his wife and children and went abroad. ËûÅ×ÆúÁËÆÞ×Ó¶ùÅ®, ³ö¹úÈ¥ÁË. * He has become so rude that his friends are deserting him. Ëû±äµÃÊ®·Ö´ÖÒ°, ÅóÓÑÃǶ¼²»ºÍËûÀ´ÍùÁË. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn] leave (esp service in the armed forces, or a ship) without authority or permission; run away ÉÃ×ÔÀ뿪£¨ÓÈÖ¸¾üÖлò´¬ÉϵÄÖ°ÊØ£©; ÌÓÅÜ; DZÌÓ: A soldier who deserts (his post) in time of war is punished severely. Õ½ÕùÆڼ俪С²îµÄÊ¿±øÒªÊܵ½ÑϳÍ. * desert from the army ¿ªÐ¡²î. 3 [Tn] fail (sb) when needed Ôڹؼüʱʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©Ê§Íû: His courage/presence of mind deserted him. ËûɥʧÁËÓÂÆø[ÔÙ²»ÄÜÕò¶¨×ÔÈô]. deserted adj (a) with no one present ÎÞÈ˵Ä: a deserted street, area, etc ¿ÕÎÞÒ»È˵ĽֵÀ¡¢ µØÇøµÈ * The office was quite deserted. Õâ¸ö°ì¹«ÊÒÀïûÓÐÈË. (b) abandoned ±»ÀëÆúµÄ; ±»ÒÅÆúµÄ; ±»Å×ÆúµÄ: a deserted hut, house, etc ±»ÀëÆúµÄСÎÝ¡¢ ·¿×ÓµÈ * a deserted wife, ie one whose husband has left her ÔâÒÅÆúµÄÆÞ×Ó. deserter n person who deserts (desert1 2) ÉÃÀëÖ°ÊØÕß; ¿ªÐ¡²îÕß; DZÌÓÕß. desertion / dI5z\:Fn; dI`z[FEn/ n [C, U] (instance of) deserting or being deserted ÀëÆú; ÒÅÆú; Å×Æú; ¿ªÐ¡²î: Is desertion grounds for divorce? ±»ÅäżÒÅÆúÊÇÀë»éµÄÀíÓÉÂð? * Desertion from the army is punishable by death. ¿ªÐ¡²î¿É´¦ËÀÐÌ. desert / 5dezEt; `dZzLt/ n [C, U] (large area of) barren land, with very little water and vegetation, often sand-covered ɳĮ; »ÄÄ®; »ÄÔ­: Vast areas of land have become desert. ¹ã´óµÄµØÇø¾ùÒѱä³ÉɳĮ. * the Sahara Desert Èö¹þÀ­´óɳĮ * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] desert wastes, sands, etc ²»Ã«µÄ»ÄµØ¡¢ ɳĮµÈ. desert island uninhabited island (esp in the tropics) ÎÞÈ˾ÓסµÄµº£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÈÈ´øµØÇøµÄ£©. deserts / dI5z\:ts; dI`z[ts/ n [pl] what one deserves Ó¦µÃµ½µÄÊÂÎï: be rewarded/punished according to one's deserts Êܵ½Ó¦µÃµÄ½±ÉÍ[³Í·£] * get/meet with one's just deserts µÃµ½Ó¦µÃµÄ½±ÉÍ»ò³Í·£. deserve / dI5z\:v; dI`z[v/ v (not used in the continuous tenses ²»ÓÃ춽øÐÐʱ̬) 1 [Tn, Tt] be sth or have done sth for which one should receive (a reward, special treatment, etc); be entitled to; merit Ó¦ÊÜ£¨½±ÉÍ¡¢ ÌØÊâ´ýÓöµÈ£©; Ó¦µÃ; ÖµµÃ: The article deserves careful study. ÕâƪÎÄÕÂÖµµÃ×ÐϸÑо¿. * She deserves a reward for her efforts. Ëý»ý¼«Å¬Á¦, Ó¦µÃµ½½±ÉÍ. * He richly deserved all that happened to him. ËûµÃµ½ÕâÒ»ÇÐÈ·ÊÇÊÜÖ®ÎÞÀ¢. * They deserve to be sent to prison. ËûÃÇÓ¦¸ÃÈëÓü. * much deserved praise ÊÜÖ®ÎÞÀ¢µÄÔÞÑï. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) deserve well/ill of sb (fml ÎÄ) be worthy of good/bad treatment by sb Ó¦¸ÃÊܵ½Ä³È˺õÄ[»µµÄ]´ýÓö: She deserves well of her employers. ËýÓ¦µ±Êܵ½¹ÍÖ÷ÉÆ´ý. one good turn deserves another => turn2. deservedly / dI5z\:vIdlI; dI`z[vIdlI/ adv according to what is deserved; justly; rightly Ó¦µÃµØ; ÀíËùµ±È»µØ; Ç¡ÈçÆä·ÖµØ: She was deservedly praised. ËýÊܵ½ÁËÓ¦µÃµÄ±íÑï. deserving / dI5z\:vIN; dI`z[vIN/ adj ~ (of sth) worthy of help, praise, a reward, etc £¨°ïÖú¡¢ ÔÞÑï¡¢ ½±ÀøµÈ£©Ó¦µÃµÄ, ÖµµÃµÄ: give money to a deserving cause °ÑÇ®¾è¸øÖµµÃÔÞÖúµÄÊÂÒµ * be deserving of sympathy ÖµµÃͬÇéµÄ * a very deserving case, eg sb who used to be generous and now needs help ºÜÖµµÃ°ïÖúµÄÈË. deshabille / 9deIzA5bi:eI; 9dZzE`bil/ n [U] (French ·¨) state of being only partly dressed ÒÂÖø½ö²¿·ÖÕÚÌå: appear in deshabille ³öÏÖʱÒÂÖøËæ±ã. desiccant / 5desIkEnt; `dZsEkEnt/ n substance that absorbs moisture, and is often used to keep food in good condition ǬÔï¼Á. desiccate / 5desIkeIt; `dZsE9ket/ v [Tn] remove all the moisture from (esp solid food) to preserve it ³ýÈ¥£¨ÓÈָʳÎïµÄ£©Ë®·Ö; ʹÍÑË®: desiccated fruit/coconut Ë®¹û[Ò¬×Ó]Ǭ. desideratum / dI9zIdE5rB:tEm; dI9zIdE`rBtEm/ n (pl -rata/ -5rB:tE; -`rBtE/) (fml ÎÄ) thing that is lacking and needed ÐèÒªµÄ¶«Î÷: The report on the hospital mentions such desiderata as a supply of clean laundry. ±¨¸æÖÐÌáµ½¸ÃÒ½ÔºÐèҪǬ¾»µÄÏ´»»ÎïÆ·. design / dI5zaIn; dI`zaIn/ n 1 (a) [C] ~ (for sth) drawing or outline from which sth may be made ͼÑù; Éè¼Æͼ: designs for a dress, a garden, an aircraft Á¬ÒÂȹ¡¢ »¨Ô°¡¢ ·É»úµÄÉè¼Æͼ. (b) [U] art of making such drawings, etc Éè¼ÆÊõ; ÖÆͼÊõ: study textile design ѧϰ·Ä֯ƷÉè¼ÆÊõ * industrial design ¹¤ÒµÉè¼Æ. 2 [U] general arrangement or planning (of a building, book, machine, picture, etc) £¨½¨ÖþÎï¡¢ Êé¡¢ »úÆ÷¡¢ »­µÈµÄ£©Éè¼Æ, ²¼¾Ö: The building seats 2000 people, but is of poor design. Õâ×ù½¨ÖþÎï¿ÉÈÝÄÉ2000ÈË, µ«Éè¼ÆºÜ²î. * A machine of faulty design will not sell well. Éè¼Æ²»Á¼µÄ»úÆ÷Ïú·²»»áºÃ. 3 [C] arrangement of lines, shapes or figures as decoration on a carpet, vase, etc; pattern £¨µØ̺¡¢ »¨Æ¿µÈÉϵģ©×°ÊÎͼ°¸; ͼ°¸: a bowl with a flower design Óл¨»Üͼ°¸µÄÍë. 4 [U, C] purpose; intention Ä¿µÄ; ´òËã; ÒâÏò: We don't know if it was done by accident or by design, ie deliberately. ÎÒÃDz»ÖªµÀÄÇÊÇżȻµÄ»¹ÊǹÊÒâµÄ. * His evil designs were frustrated. ËûµÄ×ï¶ñÆóͼδÄܵóÑ. 5 (idm Ï°Óï) have designs on sb/sth intend to harm sb/sth or take sb/sth for oneself ÆóͼÉ˺¦Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]; Æóͼ½«Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]¾ÝΪ¼ºÓÐ: She has designs on his money. ËýêéêìËûµÄÇ®²Æ. * He has designs on her, eg wants to seduce her. Ëû¶ÔËý´æÐIJ»Á¼£¨ÈçÏëÓÕ¼éËý£©. design v 1 (a) [I, Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb/sth) decide how sth will look, work, etc, esp by making plans, drawings or models of it Éè¼Æ; ÖÆͼ: Do the Italians really design better than we do? Òâ´óÀûÈËÕæ±ÈÎÒÃÇ»áÉè¼ÆÂð? * design a car, a dress, a tool, an office Éè¼ÆÆû³µ¡¢ Á¬ÒÂȹ¡¢ ¹¤¾ß¡¢ °ì¹«ÊÒ * They've designed us a superb studio. ËûÃǸøÎÒÃÇÉè¼ÆÁËÒ»¸ö¼«ºÃµÄ¹¤×÷ÊÒ. * We design kitchens for today's cooks. ÎÒÃÇΪµ±½ñÒ»´úµÄ³øʦÉè¼Æ³ø·¿. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] think of and plan (a system, procedure, etc); devise Ïë³ö, ¼Æ»®£¨Ò»ÏµÍ³¡¢ ²½ÖèµÈ£©; ı»®: Can anyone design a better timetable? ÓÐÈËÄܶ¨³ö¸üºÃµÄʱ¼ä±íÂð? * We shall have to design a new curriculum for the third year. ÎÒÃǵÃÉè¼Æ³öÈýÄ꼶µÄпγÌ. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) be designed for sb/sth; be designed as sth; be designed to do sth be made or planned for a particular purpose or use ΪijĿµÄ»òÓÃ;¶øÖÆÔì»ò¼Æ»®: The gloves were designed for extremely cold climates. ÕâЩÊÖÌ×ÊÇΪÑϺ®µØÇøÖÆÔìµÄ. * This course is designed as an introduction to the subject. ÕâÃſγÌÊÇ×÷Ϊ¸Ã¿ÆÄ¿µÄÈëÃſζø¿ªÉèµÄ. * The route was designed to relieve traffic congestion. ÕâÌõ·ÊÇΪ»º½â½»Í¨Óµ¼·¶ø¿ª±ÙµÄ. designedly / -IdlI; -IdlI/ advintentionally; on purpose ÓÐÒâµØ; ÐîÒâµØ; ¹ÊÒâµØ. designing n [U] art of making designs (for machinery, dresses, etc) £¨»úе¡¢ ·þ×°µÈµÄ£©Éè¼ÆÊõ. designate / 5dezIgneIt, -nEt; `dZzI^net, -nEt/ adj (following ns ÓÃì¶Ãû´ÊÖ®áá) appointed to a job (but not yet having officially started it) ÒÑÊÜίÈΣ¨¶øÉÐδÉÏÈΣ©µÄ: the editor, director, archbishop, etc designate ÒÑÊÜίÈεı༭¡¢ ¶­Ê¡¢ ´óÖ÷½ÌµÈ. designate / 5dezIgneIt; `dZzI^9net/ v 1 [Tn] mark or point out (sth) clearly Çå³þµØ±ê³ö»òÖ¸³ö£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ: designate the boundaries of sth ±ê³öijÊÂÎïµÄ·Ö½çÏß. 2 [esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬: Cn.n, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as) sth (fml ÎÄ) (a) choose sb/sth for a special purpose ΪijĿµÄÑ¡ÔñijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: The town has been designated (as) a development area. ¸Ã³ÇÒѱ»¶¨Îª¿ª·¢Çø. (b) give a particular name, title or position to sb ¸øijÈËijÃû³Æ¡¢ ³ÆºÅ¡¢ Ö°Îñ»òµØλ: She was designated (as) sportswoman of the year. Ëý±»ÃüÃûΪ±¾Äê¶ÈµÄÌå̳Ã÷ÐÇ. * The chairman has designated Christina as his successor. Ö÷ϯÒÑÖ¸¶¨¿ËÀï˹µÙÄÈ×÷ËûµÄ¼ÌÈÎÈË. designation / 9dezIg5neIFn; 9dZzI^`neFEn/ n (fml ÎÄ) 1 [U] ~ (as sth) appointing of sb to an office ÈÎÃü; ίÅÉ. 2 [C] name, title or description Ãû³Æ; ³ÆºÅ; ³Æºô: His official designation is Financial Controller. ËûµÄÖ°³ÆÊDzÆÎñ×ܼà. designer / dI5zaInE(r); dI`zaInL/ n person whose job is designing (eg machinery, furniture, fashionable clothes) Éè¼ÆÕߣ¨Èç»úÆ÷¡¢ ¼Ò¾ß¡¢ ʱװµÄÉè¼ÆÈË£©: an industrial designer ¹¤ÒµÉè¼Æʦ * dressed by a leading New York designer ´©ÖøŦԼÖ÷ÒªÉè¼ÆʦÉè¼ÆµÄ·þ×° * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] designer jeans ±êÓÐÉè¼ÆʦÐÕÃûµÄÅ£×пã * (joc ÚÊ) designer stubble, ie an unshaven look deliberately cultivated for effect £¨½²ÅÉÍ·¶ø²»¹ÎÁ³µÄ£©ºú×ÓÀ­²ê. designing / dI5zaInIN; dI`zaInIN/ adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] (derog ±á) wanting to carry out one's own secret plans; cunning ±ðÓÐÓÃÐĵÄ; ½Æ»«µÄ: Designing colleagues stopped them from promoting me. ÓÐЩ±ðÓÐÓÃÐĵÄͬÊÂ×èÖ¹ËûÃÇÌá°ÎÎÒ. desirable / dI5zaIErEbl; dI`zaIrEbl/ adj 1 ~ (that...) worth having; to be wished for ÖµµÃÓеÄ; ÏëÍûµÄ; ³ÆÐĵÄ; ºÏÒâµÄ: a desirable residence, solution ³ÆÐĵÄסËù¡¢ ½â¾ö·½·¨ * It is most desirable that they should both come. ËûÃÇÁ½È˶¼À´, Õâ×îºÃ²»¹ýÁË. 2 (of a person) arousing sexual desire £¨Ö¸ÈË£©ÒýÆðÐÔÓûµÄ, ÐԸеÄ: a very desirable woman ·Ç³£ÐԸеÄÅ®×Ó. desirability / dI9zaIErE5bIlEtI; dI9zaIrE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. desirably / -rEblI; -rEblI/ adv. desire / dI5zaIE(r); dI`zaIr/ n 1 (a) [U] ~ (for sth/to do sth) strong sexual longing ÐÔÓû; ÇéÓû; ÈâÓû: my desire for her/to make love with her ÎÒ¶ÔËýµÄÇ¿ÁÒµÄÇéÓû[ÓëËý×ö°®µÄÇ¿ÁÒÓûÍû]. (b) [C] instance of this ÐÔÓû; ÇéÓû; ÈâÓû: passionate, intense, strong, etc desires ÈÈÇеġ¢ ¼«´óµÄ¡¢ Ç¿ÁÒµÄ...ÐÔÓû * satisfy one's desires Âú×ãÐÔÓû. 2 (a) [U] ~ (for sth/to do sth) longing; craving ¿ÊÍû; ÓûÍû; ¿ÊÇó; ÈÈÍû: They had little desire for wealth/to get rich. ËûÃǶԲƸ»[Ö¸»]ÎÞ´óÓûÍû. * his country's desire for friendly relations/to establish friendly relations ËûÃǹú¼Ò¶ÔÓѺùØϵ[½¨Á¢ÓѺùØϵ]µÄÈÈÍû. (b) [C] instance of this; wish ¿ÊÍû; ÓûÍû; ¿ÊÇó; ÈÈÍû: enough to satisfy all your desires ÍêÈ«ÄÜÂú×ãÄãËùÓеÄÔ¸Íû. 3 [C] person or thing that is wished for ÏëÍûµÄÈË»òÎï: She is my heart's desire. ËýÊÇÎÒÐÄÉÏÈË. desire / dI5zaIE(r); dI`zaIr/ v 1 (a) [Tn, Tf, Tt, Tnt] (fml ÎÄ) wish for (sth); want Ï£ÍûµÃµ½£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ; ÏëÒª: We all desire happiness and health. ÎÒÃǶ¼Ï£ÍûÐÒ¸£ºÍ½¡¿µ. * Our holiday was all that could be desired, ie was entirely satisfactory. ÎÒÃǵļÙÈÕ³ÆÐÄÈçÒâ. * She desires you to come/that you come at once. ËýÏ£ÍûÄãÁ¢¼´À´. * I have long desired to meet them. ÎÒÒ»Ö±¿ÊÍû¼ûµ½ËûÃÇ. (b) [Tn] be sexually attracted to (sb) ±»£¨Ä³ÒìÐÔ£©ÎüÒý: She desires his young, strong body. ËûÄêÇáǿ׳µÄÉíÌåʹËý´ºÐĵ´Ñú. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) leave a lot, etc to be desired => leave1. desirous / dI5zaIErEs; dI`zaIrEs/ adj [pred ×÷±íÓï] ~ of sth/doing sth; ~ that... (fml or rhet ÎÄ»òÐÞ´Ç) having a wish for (sth); wanting Ï£Íû; ¿ÊÍû: desirous of peace ¿ÊÍûºÍƽ * desirous of restoring relations between our two countries ¿ÊÍû»Ö¸´ÎÒÃÇÁ½¹úÖ®¼äµÄ¹Øϵ * desirous that these initiatives should lead to further exchanges Ï£ÍûÕâЩÖ÷¶¯µÄÐж¯ÄÜ´Ù½ø½»Á÷. desist / dI5zIst; dI`zIst/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth/doing sth) (fml ÎÄ) stop sth/doing sth; cease ֹͣijÊÂÎï[²»ÔÙ×öijÊÂÎï]; Í£Ö¹; ½áÊø: I wish he'd desist from entertaining his friends at all hours of the day and night. µ«Ô¸Ëû±ðÔÙÖçÒ¹²»·ÖµØÕдýËûµÄÅóÓÑ. desk / desk; dZsk/ n 1 piece of furniture with a flat or sloping top, often with drawers, at which one can read, write or do business Êé×À; °ì¹«×À: an office desk °ì¹«×À * children seated at their desks ×øÔÚ¸÷×ÔÊé×ÀÇ°µÄ¶ùͯ * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a desk job °ì¹«ÊҵŤ×÷. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page xvi. 2 table or counter in a public building behind which a receptionist, cashier, etc works £¨½Ó´ýÔ±¡¢ ³öÄÉÔ±µÈµÄ£©×À×Ó, ¹ñ̨: an enquiry/information desk ÎÊѯ´¦[ÎÊѶ´¦] * leave a message at the desk of the hotel ÔÚÂùݵķþÎñ´¦ÁôÑÔ. 3 office, eg in a newspaper or ministry, that handles a particular matter °ìÊ´¦£¨È籨Éç»òÕþ¸®²¿Ãŵģ©; ²¿; ˾; ×é: Jefferies is running the sports desk. ½Ü¸¥Àï˹¸ºÔðÌåÓýÐÂÎÅ×é. desk clerk (US) = clerk 3. desk-top / -tCp; -9tBp/ n top of a desk ×ÀÃæ: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a desk-top computer, ie one that fits on a desk ̨ʽ¼ÆËã»ú * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] desk-top publishing, ie using a microcomputer and (esp a laser) printer to produce high-quality printed material ×ÀÃæ³ö°æ£¨Ê¹ÓÃ΢ÐͼÆËã»úºÍÓ¡×Ö»ú, ÓÈÖ¸¼¤¹âÓ¡×Ö»úÓ¡Ë¢µÄ£©. desolate / 5desElEt; `dZsElEt/ adj 1 (of a place) deserted and miserable £¨Ö¸µØ·½£©ÎÞÈËÑ̵Ä, »ÄÁ¹µÄ, »ÄÎßµÄ: a desolate industrial landscape ¹¤Òµ·ÏÐæ * a desolate, windswept moorland area »ÄÁ¹µÄ¡¢ ÊÜÇ¿·ç´µÏ®µÄ¸ßÕÓµØÇø. 2 miserable and without friends; lonely and sad ÆàÁ¹¶øÎÞÓѵÄ; ¹ÂÆàµÄ: a desolate person, life, existence ¹Â¶À¶øÆàÁ¹µÄÈË¡¢ Éú»î¡¢ Éú»îÇé¿ö * We all felt absolutely desolate when she left. Ëý×ßáá, ÎÒÃǶ¼¾õµÃÍò·Ö¹Â¼Å. desolate / 5desEleIt; `dZsE9let/ v [Tn esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] 1 leave (a place) ruined and deserted ʹ£¨Ä³´¦£©ÂÙΪ·ÏÐæ; ʹ»ÄÁ¹: a city desolated by civil strife ÔâÄÚÂÒÆÆ»µµÄ³ÇÊÐ. 2 make (sb) sad and hopeless ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©±¯É˾øÍû: a family desolated by the loss of a child Òòʧȥº¢×Ó¶ø±¯Í´Óû¾øµÄÒ»¼ÒÈË. desolately adv. desolation / 9desE5leIFn; 9dZsE`leFEn/ n [U] desolating or being desolated (desolate v 1) ÒÅÆú; »ÄÁ¹; ÆÆ»µ: the desolation caused by war Õ½ÕùÔì³ÉµÄÂúÄ¿´¯ðê. 2 misery; loneliness ÆàÁ¹; ¹Â¼Å: her utter desolation when she heard the bad news ËýÌýµ½ÄÇ»µÏûϢʱ¼«¶È±¯ÉË. despair / dI5speE(r); dI`spZr/ n 1 [U] state of having lost all hope ʧȥһÇÐÏ£Íû; ¾øÍû: Your stupidity will drive me to (ie make me feel) despair. ÄãÓÞ´ÀµÃʹÎÒº®ÐÄ. * He gave up the struggle in despair. Ëû¾øÍûµØ·ÅÆúÁ˶·Õù. * She was overcome by despair. ËýÒÑÍêÈ«¾øÍû. * his despair of ever seeing his family again ËûÔÙÒ²¼û²»µ½Ëû¼ÒÀïÈ˵ľøÍûÐÄÇé. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) be the despair of sb make sb give up hope ʹijÈË·ÅÆúÏ£Íû: Your son is the despair of all his teachers, ie They no longer expect to be able to teach him anything. ÄãµÄ¶ù×ÓÔÚËùÓнÌʦµÄÐÄÄ¿ÖÐÒѺÁÎÞÏ£ÍûÁË. despair v [I, Ipr] ~ (of sb/sth) (fml ÎÄ) have lost all hope (esp that sb/sth will improve) ʧȥȫ²¿Ï£Íû; ¾øÍû: We've despair of him; he can't keep a job for more than six months. ÎÒÃǶÔËûÒѾ­¾øÍûÁË, Ëû×öʲ÷Ṥ×÷¶¼²»Äܳ¬¹ý°ëÄê. despairing / dI5speErIN; dI`spZrIN/ adj showing despair ±íÏÖ¾øÍûµÄ; ¾øÍûµÄ: a despairing look/gesture ¾øÍûµÄÉñÉ«[×Ë̬]. despairingly adv: look despairingly at the judge ¾øÍûµØ¿´Öø·¨¹Ù. despatch / dI5spAtF; dI`spAtF/ n, v = dispatch. desperado / 9despE5rB:dEU; 9dZspE`rBdo/ n (pl ~es; US also ~s) (dated ¾É) man who commits dangerous, esp criminal, acts without worrying about himself or other people ÍöÃü֮ͽ; ±©Í½: the desperadoes who robbed the mail-train ÇÀ½ÙÓʳµµÄÍöÃüͽ. desperate / 5despErEt; `dZspErEt/ adj 1 feeling or showing great despair and ready to do anything regardless of danger ¸Ðµ½¾øÍû¶ø²»Ï§Ã°ÏÕµÄ; ÞÕÃüµÄ; ²»¹ËÒ»ÇеÄ: The prisoners grew more desperate. ÇôͽÃÇÔÚ¾øÍûÖиü¼Ó²»¹ËËÀ»îÁË. * She wrote me a desperate letter. Ëý¸øÎÒдÁËÒ»·âÐűíʾÒò¾øÍû¶ø²»Ï§¹Â×¢Ò»ÖÀ. 2 [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] violent and sometimes against the law Ð×±©µÄ; ·¸·¨µÄ: a desperate criminal, act, robbery ÎÞ·¨ÎÞÌìµÄ×ï·¸¡¢ ÐÐΪ¡¢ ÇÀ½Ù. 3 [usu pred ͨ³£×÷±íÓï] ~ (for sth/to do sth) in great need (of sth/to do sth) ¼«ÐèÒª£¨Ä³ÊÂÎï[×öijÊÂ]£©: They're desperate for money. ËûÃǼ«ÐèÇ®. * (infml ¿Ú) Have you got some water? I'm desperate (for a drink). ÄãÓÐË®Âð? ÎÒºÜÏëºÈ£¨Ò»µã£©. * I'm desperate to see her. ÎÒºÜÏë¼ûµ½Ëý. 4 extremely serious or dangerous ¼«ÑÏÖصÄ; ¼«Î£ÏÕµÄ: a desperate situation, shortage, illness Σ¾Ö¡¢ Ææȱ¡¢ Öز¡ * The state of the country is desperate. ¸Ã¹ú¾ÖÊÆΣ´ù. 5 [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] giving little hope of success; tried when all else has failed ³É¹¦Ï£ÍûÃìãµÄ; ¹Â×¢Ò»ÖÀµÄ: a desperate remedy, measure, etc ³É¹¦Ï£ÍûÃìãµÄ²¹¾È·½·¨¡¢ ¹Â×¢Ò»ÖÀµÄ´ëÊ©. desperately adv. desperation / 9despE5reIFn; 9dZspE`reFEn/ n [U] state of being desperate(1) ÞÕÃü; ²»¹ËÒ»ÇÐ; ²»¹ËËÀ»î: driven to desperation ±»±ÆµÃîú¶ø×ßÏÕ * In desperation I pleaded with the attackers. ÎÒ²»¹ËÒ»ÇÐÏò¹¥»÷Õß°§Çó. despicable / dI5spIkEbl, 5despIkEbl; dI`spIkEbl, `dZspIkEbl/ adj ~ (of sb) (to do sth) deserving to be despised; contemptible ¿É±ÉµÄ; ±°±ÉµÄ: a despicable action, gesture ¿É±ÉµÄÐж¯¡¢ ×ËÊÆ * a despicable rogue ±°±ÉµÄÎÞÀµ. despicably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv: behave despicably ¾Ù¶¯±°±É. despise / dI5spaIz; dI`spaIz/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth) feel contempt for sb/sth; consider sb/sth as worthless ±ÉÊÓ¡¢ ÃêÊÓ¡¢ ¿´²»ÆðijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: despise his hypocrisy, meanness, conceit, etc ±ÉÊÓËûµÄÐéα¡¢ ÁßØÄ¡¢ ×Ô¸ºµÈ * Strike-breakers are often despised by their workmates. ÆÆ»µ°Õ¹¤µÄÈ˳£ÎªÍ¬ÊÂËù²»³Ý. despite / dI5spaIt; dI`spaIt/ prep without being affected by (the factors mentioned) ¾¡¹Ü; ²»¹Ü; ²»¹Ë: They had a wonderful holiday, despite the bad weather. ¾¡¹ÜÌìÆø²»ºÃ, ËûÃǵļÙÈÕ»¹ÊǹýµÃ¼«ÎªÓä¿ì. * Despite wanting to see him again, she refused to reply to his letters. Ëý¾¡¹ÜºÜÏëÔÙ¼ûµ½Ëû, µ«È´²»Ô¸¸øËû»ØÐÅ. * Despite what others say, I think he's a very nice chap. ²»¹Ü±ðÈËÔõ÷á˵, ÎÒÈÔÈÏΪËûÕâ¸öÈ˺ܺÃ. Cf ²Î¿´ in spite of (spite). despoil / dI5spRIl; dI`spRIl/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~sth (of sth) (fml ÎÄ) rob (a place) of sth valuable; plunder sth ´Ó£¨Ä³´¦£©ÇÀ½ÙÓмÛÖµÖ®Îï; ÂÓ¶áijÎï: Museums have despoiled India of many priceless treasures. ²©Îï¹ÝÀïÓÐÐí¶à´ÓÓ¡¶ÈÂÓ¶áÀ´µÄÎÞ¼ÛÖ®±¦. despondent / dI5spCndEnt; dI`spBndEnt/ adj ~ (about sth) having or showing loss of hope; wretched ʧÍûµÄ; ¾ÚÉ¥µÄ; Ïû³ÁµÄ; ¿àÄÕµÄ: a despondent loser, mood, look ¾ÚÉ¥µÄʧ°ÜÕß¡¢ ÇéÐ÷¡¢ ÉñÇé * Don't be so despondent. ²»ÒªÕâÑùйÆø. despondency / dI5spCndEnsI; dI`spBndEnsI/ n [U] loss of hope; misery йÆø; ¾ÚÉ¥; ʧÍû; ¿àÄÕ: her despondency about having no job ËýÒòʧҵ¶øÒâÖ¾Ïû³Á. despondently adv. dessert / dI5z\:t; dI`z[t/ (also sweet) n (a) [C] any sweet dish, (eg pie, tart, ice-cream) eaten at the end of a meal £¨·¹ááµÄ£©Ìðʳ£¨ÈçÏÚ±ý¡¢ ¹ûÏÚ±ý¡¢ ±ù¼¤Á裩: a pineapple dessert ²¤ÂÜÌðʳ. Cf ²Î¿´ afters, pudding 1. (b) [U] course in which this dish is served £¨ÓÃ×÷×îááÒ»µÀ²ËµÄ£©Ìðʳ: Shall we move on to dessert? ÔÛÃÇÉÏÌðʳºÃÂð? * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a dessert apple, wine, etc, ie served with or for dessert ×÷ΪÌðʳµÄÆ»¹û¡¢ ²ÍÄ©Ìð¾Æ. dessert-spoon n (a) medium-sized spoon µãÐij×; ÖÐÐͳ×. =>illus at spoon ¼ûspoonÖ®²åͼ. (b) (also dessert-spoonful) / -fUl; -9fJl/ amount held by this Ò»µãÐij׵ÄÁ¿. destination / 9destI5neIFn; 9dZstE`neFEn/ n place to which sb/sth is going or being sent Ä¿µÄµØ: Tokyo was our final destination. ¶«¾©ÊÇÎÒÃǵÄ×îÖÕÄ¿µÄµØ. * arrive at/reach one's destination µ½´ïÄ¿µÄµØ. destined / 5destInd; `dZstInd/ adj [pred ×÷±íÓï] (fml ÎÄ) 1 ~ for sth/to do sth; be ~ that... having a future which has been decided or planned beforehand ÃüÖÐ×¢¶¨; ×¢¶¨; Ô¤¶¨: Coming from a theatrical family, I was destined for a career on the stage, ie I was expected to be an actor. ÎÒÉúì¶Ï·¾ç¹¤×÷ÕßÖ®¼Ò, ×¢¶¨ÁËÎÒµÄÎę̀ÉúÑÄ. * They were destined never to meet again, ie Fate had decided they should not meet again. ËûÃÇÃüÖÐ×¢¶¨ÔÙÒ²ÎÞÔµÏàÓöÁË. * It was destined that they would marry. ËûÃǽá»éÊÇÔµ·Ö. 2 ~ for... on the way to (a place) È¥, µ½, Íù, ¸°£¨Ä³´¦£©: a letter, a traveller, an aircraft destined for London ÍùÂ׶صÄÐÅ¡¢ Óο͡¢ ·É»ú. destiny / 5destInI; `dZstEnI/ n 1 [U] power believed to control events ÃüÔË: Destiny drew us together. ÃüÔË°ÑÎÒÃÇÁ¬ÔÚÒ»ÆðÁË. 2 [C] that which happens to sb/sth (thought to be decided beforehand by fate) ¶¨Êý; ÌìÃü: It was his destiny to die in a foreign country. Ëû×¢¶¨Òª¿ÍËÀÒì¹ú. * events which shaped his destiny ¾ö¶¨ËûÃüÔ˵Äʼþ. destitute / 5destItju:t; ?@ -tu:t; `dZstE9tut/ adj 1 without money, food, etc and other things necessary for life; impoverished ÇîÀ§µÄ; ƶÇîµÄ; Çî¿àµÄ: When he died, his family was left destitute. ËûËÀáá¼ÒÈËÒÂʳÎÞÖø. 2 [pred ×÷±íÓï] ~ of sth (fml ÎÄ) lacking sth ȱÉÙijÊÂÎï: officials who are destitute of ordinary human feelings ºÁÎÞ¸ÐÇéµÄ¹ÙÔ±. destitution / 9destI5tju:Fn; ?@ -5tu:Fn; 9dZstE`tuFEn/ n [U] being destitute ØÑ·¦; ÇîÀ§: live in complete destitution Éú»îһƶÈçÏ´. destroy / dI5strRI; dI`strRI/ v 1 [Tn] damage (sth) so badly that it no longer exists, works, etc; wreck ´Ý»Ù, »Ù»µ£¨Ä³Î: a house destroyed by bombs, fire, explosion ±»Õ¨µ¯¡¢ ´ó»ð¡¢ ±¬Õ¨»ÙµôµÄ·¿×Ó * Vandals destroyed the bus. í§ÒâÆÆ»µ¹«ÎïµÄÈ˻ٻµÁËÕâÁ¾¹«¹²Æû³µ. * They've destroyed all the evidence. ËûÃÇÏú»ÙÁËÒ»ÇÐÖ¤¾Ý. * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) destroy sb's hopes, career, reputation »ÙµôijÈ˵ÄÏ£Íû¡¢ ÊÂÒµ¡¢ ÃûÓþ. 2 [Tn esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] kill (a dog, horse, etc) deliberately, usu because it is sick or unwanted ɱËÀ£¨¹·¡¢ ÂíµÈ£©£¨Í¨³£ÒòÆäÉú²¡»ò²»Äܱ£Áô£©; È˵À»ÙÃð: The injured dog had to be destroyed. ÕâÖ»ÊÜÉ˵Ĺ·ÒªÓèÒÔÈ˵À»ÙÃð. destroyer n 1 (fml ÎÄ) person or thing that destroys ÆÆ»µÕß: Death, the destroyer ËÀÉñ, ÉúÁéÖ®»ÙÃðÕß. 2 small fast warship for protecting larger warships or convoys of merchant ships ÇýÖð½¢. destructible / dI5strQktEbl; dI`strQktEbl/ adj that can be destroyed ¿ÉÆÆ»µµÄ; ¿É´Ý»ÙµÄ; ¿É»ÙÃðµÄ. destructibility / dI9strQktE5bIlEtI; dI9strQktE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. destruction / dI5strQkFn; dI`strQkFEn/ n [U] (a) destroying or being destroyed ÆÆ»µ; ´Ý»Ù; »ÙÃð: the total destruction of a town by an earthquake µØÕð¶ÔһСÕòÖ®³¹µ×»Ù»µ. (b) person or thing that destroys or ruins ÆÆ»µÕß; »ÙÃðÕß: Gambling was his destruction. ¶Ä²©°ÑËû»ÙÁË. destructive / dI5strQktIv; dI`strQktIv/ adj (a) causing destruction or serious damage Ôì³É»ÙÃð»òÑÏÖØÆÆ»µµÄ; »ÙÃðÐÔµÄ: the destructive force of the storm ±©·çÓêµÄÆÆ»µÁ¦. (b) wanting or tending to destroy ÏëÒªÆÆ»µµÄ; »áÔì³ÉÆÆ»µµÄ: destructive urges Ïë¸ãÆÆ»µµÄÓûÍû * Are all small children so destructive? ÊDz»ÊǶùͯ¶¼ºÜϲ»¶ÆÆ»µ? * destructive criticism, ie making no positive suggestions for improvement ÆÆ»µÐÔµÄÅúÆÀ. destructively adv. destructiveness n [U]. desuetude / dI5sju:Itju:d; ?@ -tu:d; dI`suE9tud/ n (idm Ï°Óï) fall into de`suetude (fml ÎÄ) cease being used ÒѲ»ÓÃ; ·ÏÖ¹: customs, fashions, words that have fallen into desuetude ÒѾ­·ÏÆúµÄ·çËס¢ ʽÑù¡¢ ´ÊÓï. desultory / 5desEltrI; ?@ -tR:rI; `dZsEl9tRrI/ adj going from one thing to another, without a definite plan or purpose; unmethodical ²»Á¬¹áµÄ; ÂþÎ޼ƻ®»òÄ¿µÄµÄ; ÎÞÌõÀíµÄ: desultory reading, work ÂþÎÞÄ¿µÄµÄÔĶÁ¡¢ ÂþÎ޼ƻ®µÄ¹¤×÷ * desultory attempts to help ºÁÎ޼ƻ®µÄËæÒâ°ïÖú. desultorily adv. desultoriness n [U]. Det abbr Ëõд = Detective. detach / dI5tAtF; dI`tAtF/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) unfasten sth from sth; disconnect sth ½«Ä³Îï²ðÏÂ; ²ð¿ªÄ³Îï; ·Ö¿ªÄ³Îï: detach a link from a chain ´ÓÁ´×ÓÉϲðÏÂÒ»¸öÁ´»· * a coach detached from a train ´Ó»ð³µÉÏÍÑÀëµÄÒ»½Ú³µÏá. Cf ²Î¿´ attach 1. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (military ¾ü) send (a group of soldiers, ships, etc) away from the main force, esp to do special duties ÅÉDz, ·ÖDz£¨±øÔ±¡¢ ´¬½¢µÈ£©£¨ÓÈÖ¸Ö´ÐÐÌØÊâÈÎÎñ£©: A number of men were detached to guard the right flank. ÅÉDzÁËһЩʿ±øÊØÎÀÓÒÒí. detached adj 1 (a) not influenced by others; impartial ²»ÊÜËûÈËÓ°ÏìµÄ; ²»Æ«²»ÒеÄ; ¹«ÕýµÄ: a detached mind, assessment, judgement, etc ²»Æ«²»Òеļû½â¡¢ ÆÀ¼Û¡¢ ÅÐ¶ÏµÈ * take a detached view of sth ¶ÔijÊÂÎï²ÉÈ¡¹«ÕýµÄ¹Ûµã. (b) not feeling emotional or involved ²»¶¯¸ÐÇéµÄ; Àä¾²µÄ; ¿Í¹ÛµÄ; ³¬È»µÄ: her detached response to the crisis Ëý¶ÔÕâΣ»úµÄ¿Í¹ÛµÄ·´Ó¦. 2 (of a house) not joined to another on either side £¨Ö¸·¿×Ó£©Á½±ß²»ÓëÆäËû·¿×ÓÏàÁ¬µÄ, ¶ÀÁ¢µÄ. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page vii. detachable / -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj that can be detached ¿É²ð¿ªµÄ; ¿É·ÖÀëµÄ; ¿É·ÖDzµÄ: a detachable lining in a coat ´óÒµĻî³ÄÀï. detachment / dI5tAtFmEnt; dI`tAtFmEnt/ n 1 [U] detaching or being detached ÅÉDz; ·ÖDz: the detachment of units from the main force ´ÓÖ÷Á¦²¿¶ÓÅÉDzµÄС·Ö¶Ó. 2 [U] (a) state of being not influenced by others ²»ÊÜËûÈËÓ°Ïì; ¶ÀÁ¢; ¿Í¹Û: show detachment in one's judgements ±íÏÖ³ö¶ÀÁ¢µÄ¼û½â. (b) lack of emotion; indifference Àä¾²; ³¬È»: He answered with an air of detachment. ËûÒÔ³¬È»µÄÉñ̬»Ø´ð. 3 [C] group of soldiers, ships, etc sent away from a larger group, esp to do special duties ·ÖDz¶Ó; Ö§¶Ó; ÌØDz½¢¶Ó: a detachment of signallers ͨѶ±øÖ§¶Ó. detail / 5di:teIl; ?@ dI5teIl; dI`tel/ n 1 [C] small, particular fact or item ϸĿ; ϸ½Ú; ÏêÇé: Please give me all the details. Çë¸æËßÎÒÈ«²¿ÏêÇé. * I checked every detail of her research. ÎҺ˶ÔÁËËýµÄѧÊõÑо¿µÄ¸÷¸öϸ½Ú. * The details of the costume were totally authentic. Õâ¼þ¹Å×°µÄÿ¸öСµØ·½¶¼ÍêÈ«Õæʵ. * Spare me the details! ie Don't provide any. ±ð¸øÎÒ½²Ï¸Ö¦Ä©½ÚÁË! 2 [U] (a) small, particular aspects of sth ϸ΢µÄ·½Ãæ: A good organizer pays attention to detail. ÉÆì¶×éÖ¯Õß¿¼ÂÇÎÊÌâÎÞ΢²»ÖÁ. * a novelist with an eye for detail, eg who includes many small, realistic facts ¿Ì»®Èë΢µÄС˵¼Ò. (b) smaller or less important parts of a picture, pattern, etc £¨»æ»­¡¢ ͼ°¸µÈµÄ£©½ÏСµÄ»ò´ÎÒªµÄ²¿·Ö: The overall composition of the picture is good but some of the detail is distracting. Õâ·ù»­µÄ¹¹Í¼²»´í, µ«ÓÐЩϸ΢´¦ÉÔÏÓÐú±ö¶áÖ÷. 3 [C] (military ¾ü) group of soldiers given special duties ÌØDz¶Ó; С·Ö¶Ó: the cookhouse detail ÓªµØ´¶Ê°à. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) go into `detail(s) speak or write about all aspects of sth ÏêϸÐðÊö: He refused to go into details about his plans. Ëû²»¿ÏÏêÊöËû¼Æ»®µÄϸ½Ú. in `detail discussing all facts or items fully ÏêϸµØ: to explain/describe sth in detail Ïêϸ½âÊÍ[ÐðÊö]ijÊÂÎï. detail / 5di:teIl; ?@ dI5teIl; dI`tel/ v 1 [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to/for sb) list sth fully, item by item; describe sth fully (to/for sb) ÖðÏîÁгö; £¨Ïò[Ϊ]ijÈË£©ÏêÊöijÊÂÎï: The computer's features are detailed in our brochure. ¸Ã¼ÆËã»úµÄÌصãÔÚÎÒÃǵÄС²á×ÓÖÐÓÐÏêϸ½éÉÜ. * an inventory detailing all the goods in a shop ÖðÏîÁгöµÄÉ̵ê»õÎïÇåµ¥ * I detailed our plans to her. ÎÒÏòËýÏêϸ½²ÊöÁËÎÒÃǵļƻ®. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (for sth) choose or appoint sb for special duties Ñ¡³ö»òÖ¸ÅÉijÈËÖ´ÐÐÌØÊâÈÎÎñ: detail soldiers for guard duty/to guard a bridge ÅÉÊ¿±øÖµÇÚ[ÊØÇÅ]. detailed adj having many details or paying great attention to details; thorough ÏêϸµÄ; ¼«×¢Òâϸ½ÚµÄ; Ï꾡µÄ; ÍêÈ«µÄ: a detailed description, account, analysis, etc Ï꾡µÄÐðÊö¡¢ ±¨µÀ¡¢ ·ÖÎöµÈ. detain / dI5teIn; dI`ten/ v [Tn] 1 prevent (sb) from leaving or doing sth; delay ×èÖ¹£¨Ä³ÈË£©À뿪»ò×öijÊÂ; µ¢¸é; ÑÓÎó: She was detained in the office by unexpected callers. ÓÐЩÁÙʱ·Ã¿Í°ÑËýµ¢¸éÔڰ칫ÊÒÀïÁË. * This question need not detain us long, ie can be settled quickly. Õâ¸öÎÊÌâ²»±Øµ¢¸éÎÒÃǺܳ¤Ê±¼ä. 2 keep (sb) in custody; lock up ¾ÐÁô£¨Ä³ÈË£©; ¿ÛѺ: The police detained him for questioning. ¾¯·½¶ÔËû½øÐоÐÁôÉóÎÊ. detainee / 9di:teI5ni:; di9te`ni/ n person who is detained (by police, etc, eg sb suspected of a violent crime, terrorism, etc) ±»¾ÐÁôÕß. detect / dI5tekt; dI`tZkt/ v [Tn] (a) discover or recognize that (sth) is present ·¢ÏÖ¡¢ ²ì¾õ»ò²é³ö£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ: The dentist could detect no decay in her teeth. ÑÀÒ½¼ì²éÁËËýµÄÑÀ, δ¼ûÓÐÈ£³Ý. * instruments that can detect minute amounts of radiation Äܼì²â¼«Î¢Á¿·øÉäµÄÒÇÆ÷ * Do I detect a note of irony in your voice? ÌýÆðÀ´ÄãÊÇÔÚ˵·´»°°É? (b) investigate and solve (crime, etc) Õì²ì, Õì²é£¨×ï°¸µÈ£©: This police officer's job is to detect fraud. Õâλ¾¯¹Ù¸ºÔðÕì²éÆÛÕ©°¸. detector n device for detecting changes in pressure or temperature, metals, explosives, etc ̽²âÆ÷. detection / dI5tekFn; dI`tZkFEn/ n [U] detecting; discovering ·¢ÏÖ; ²ì¾õ; Õì²é; ̽²â: the detection of radioactivity ¶Ô·ÅÉäÐÔµÄ̽²â * the detection of crime ¶Ô×ïÐеÄÕì²é * try to escape detection by disguising oneself ÇÇ×°´ò°çÒÔ¶ã¹ýÕì²ìÕߵĶúÄ¿. detective / dI5tektIv; dI`tZktIv/ n person, esp a police officer, whose job it is to investigate and solve crimes Õì̽: employ a private detective ¹ÍÓÃÒ»Ãû˽ÈËÕì̽. detective story, detective novel story in which the main interest is a puzzling crime and the process of solving it Õì̽С˵. detente / 9deI5tB:nt; de`tBnt/ n [U] (French ·¨) lessening of dangerous tension, esp between countries £¨½ôÕŹØϵµÄ£©»ººÍ£¨ÓÈÖ¸¹úÓë¹ú¼äµÄ£©. detention / dI5tenFn; dI`tZnFEn/ n [U] (a) detaining or being detained, esp in prison ×èÖ¹; ÖÍÁô; ¾ÐÁô; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©¼à½û: detention without trial δ¾­ÉóÅеĹØѺ. (b) punishment of being kept at school after it has closed ¿ÎááÁôУµÄ³Í·£: be given two hours' detention ±»·£ÁôУÁ½Ð¡Ê±. detention centre place where young offenders are kept in detention for a short time ÇàÉÙÄê¹Ü½ÌËù. deter / dI5t\:(r); dI`t[/ v (-rr-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from doing sth) make sb decide not to do sth ʹijÈ˾ö¶¨²»×öijÊÂÎï: Failure did not deter him (from making another attempt). Ëû²¢Î´Òòʧ°Ü¶øηËõ²»Ç°. * I was deterred from emigrating by the thought of leaving my family. ÎÒÉá²»µÃÀ뿪¼Ò, ËùÒÔ¾ö¶¨²»ÒƾӹúÍâÁË. detergent / dI5t\:dVEnt; dI`t[dVEnt/ n [U, C], adj (substance) that removes dirt, eg from the surface of clothes or dishes Ï´µÓ¼Á; È¥ÎÛ¼Á; Ï´µÓµÄ; È¥ÎÛµÄ: Most synthetic detergents are in the form of powder or liquid. ´ó¶àÊýºÏ³ÉÏ´µÓ¼Á³Ê·Û×´»òҺ̬. deteriorate / dI5tIErIEreIt; dI`tIrIE9ret/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (into sth) become worse in quality or condition ±ä»µ; ±äÖÊ; ¶ñ»¯: Leather can deteriorate in damp conditions. Ƥ¸ïÊܳ±¿É±äÖÊ. * The discussion deteriorated into a bitter quarrel. ÕⳡÌÖÂÛÑݱä³ÉÁ˼¤ÁÒµÄÕù³³. deterioration / dI9tIErIE5reIFn; dI9tIrIE`reFEn/ n [U]: a deterioration in superpower relations ³¬¼¶´ó¹úÖ®¼ä¹ØϵµÄ¶ñ»¯. determinant / dI5t\:mInEnt; dI`t[mEnEnt/ n, adj (fml ÎÄ) (thing) that determines or decides how or if sth happens ¾ö¶¨ÒòËØ; ¾ö¶¨ÐÔµÄ: The main determinant of economic success is our ability to control inflation. ¾­¼Ã·½ÃæµÄ³É¾ÍÖ÷Ҫȡ¾öì¶ÎÒÃÇ¿ØÖÆͨ»õÅòÕ͵ÄÄÜÁ¦. determinate / dI5t\:mInEt; dI`t[mEnEt/ adj (fml ÎÄ) limited in range or scope; definite ÏÞ¶¨µÄ; È·¶¨µÄ. determination / dI9t\:mI5neIFn; dI9t[mE`neFEn/ n [U] 1 ~ (to do sth) quality of being firmly committed to doing sth; resoluteness ¾öÐÄ; ¼á¶¨ÐÔ: a leader with courage and determination ¹û¸ÒµÄÁìµ¼Õß * with an air of determination, ie showing this quality ´øÖøÒ»¸±¼á¶¨µÄÉñ̬ * her dogged determination to learn English ËýѧӢÓïµÄÄÇÖּᶨ²»ÒƵľöÐÄ. 2 precise fixing (of sth); deciding £¨¶ÔijÊÂÎïµÄ£©È·¶¨; ¾ö¶¨: the determination of future policy δÀ´Õþ²ßµÄÈ·¶¨. 3 finding out (of an amount, a quality, etc); calculation £¨ÊýÁ¿¡¢ ÖÊÁ¿µÈµÄ£©²â¶¨; ¼ÆËã: the determination of a ship's position/the exact composition of a substance ´¬µÄ·½Î»[ijÖÖÎïÖʵÄ׼ȷ³É·Ö]µÄ²â¶¨. determinative / dI5t\:mInEtIv; ?@ -neItIv; dI`t[mE-9netIv/ adj (fml ÎÄ) having the power to determine or limit sth £¨¶ÔijÊÂÎÓоö¶¨Á¦µÄ, ÓÐÏÞÖÆÁ¦µÄ: a determinative factor in his psychological development ÔÚËûÐÄÀí·¢Õ¹¹ý³ÌÖеľö¶¨ÒòËØ. determinative n thing having the power to determine or limit sth ¾ö¶¨ÒòËØ. determine / dI5t\:mIn; dI`t[mIn/ v 1 [Tn, Tw] (fml ÎÄ) fix (sth) precisely; decide È·¶¨£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ; ¾ö¶¨: determine a date for a meeting È·¶¨»áÒéÈÕÆÚ * His future has not been determined, but he may study medicine. Ëû½«À´ºÎÈ¥ºÎ´ÓÉÐδ¾ö¶¨, µ«ÓпÉÄÜѧҽ. * She will determine how it is to be done. Ëý»á¾ö¶¨Õâ¼þʵÄ×ö·¨. 2 [Tn, Tw] (fml ÎÄ) find out (sth that is not known); calculate ²â¶¨, ÕÒ³ö£¨Ä³Î´ÖªÊÂÎ; Ëã³ö: determine the meaning of a word/what a word means È·¶¨Ä³´ÊµÄº¬Òå * determine exactly what happened ²é³ö¾¿¾¹·¢ÉúÁËʲ÷áÊ * determine the speed of light, how high a mountain is ²â¶¨¹âËÙ¡¢ ɽÓжà¸ß. 3 [Ipr, Tf, Tw, Tt] ~ on/upon sth decide firmly that sth will be done; make up one's mind about sth; resolve ¾ö¶¨×öijÊÂ; ¶ÔijÊÂ϶¨¾öÐÄ; ¾öÐÄ: We determined on an early start/(that) we'd makean early start. ÎÒÃǾö¶¨ÔçЩ³ö·¢. * determine on proving/to prove sb's innocence ¾öÐÄҪ֤ʵijÈËÎÞ¹¼ * They have determined where the new school will be built. ËûÃÇÒѾö¶¨Ôں䦽¨Ð£. * He determined to learn Greek. Ëû¾ö¶¨Ñ§Ï£À°Óï. 4 [Tn.pr] ~ sb against sth (fml ÎÄ) make sb decide not to do sth ʹijÈ˾ö¶¨²»×öijÊÂ: That determined her against leaving home. ÄǼþÊÂʹËý¾ö¶¨²»À뿪¼ÒÁË. 5 [Tn] decisively influence (sth); fix ¶Ô£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ²úÉú¾ö¶¨ÐÔµÄÓ°Ïì; ¾ö¶¨: Do heredity and environment determine one's character? ÒÅ´«Óë»·¾³¿ÉÒÔ¾ö¶¨Ò»¸öÈ˵ÄÐÔ¸ñÂð? * The exam results could determine your career. ¿¼ÊԳɼ¨¿ÉÄÜ»á¾ö¶¨ÄãµÄǰ;. determined / dI5t\:mInd; dI`t[mInd/ adj ~ (to do sth) with one's mind firmly made up; resolute ÓоöÐĵÄ; ÒâÖ¾¼á¶¨µÄ; ¼á¾öµÄ: a determined fighter, look, attitude ¼á¶¨µÄսʿ¡¢ ÉñÇé¡¢ ̬¶È * I'm determined to succeed. ÎÒ¾öÐÄҪŬÁ¦»ñµÃ³É¹¦. determiner / dI5t\:mInE(r); dI`t[mInL/ n (grammar) word, eg the, some, my, that comes before a noun to show how the noun is being used ÏÞ¶¨´Ê£¨ÖÃì¶Ãû´ÊÇ°, ¶Ô¸ÃÃû´ÊÆðÏÞ¶¨×÷ÓõĴÊ, Èçthe¡¢ some¡¢ my£©. determinism / dI5t\:mInIzEm; dI`t[mEn9IzEm/ n [U] (philosophy ÕÜ) belief that one is not free to choose the sort of person one wants to be, or how one behaves, because these things are decided by one's background, surroundings, etc ¾ö¶¨ÂÛ£¨ÈÏΪ¸öÈ˲¢ÎÞÑ¡Ôñ¸öÐÔ»òÐÐΪµÄ×ÔÓÉ, ÒòΪÕâÒ»Çж¼ÓÉÆä±³¾°¡¢ »·¾³µÈËù¾ö¶¨£©. deterrent / dI5terEnt; ?@ -5t\:-; dI`t[rEnt/ n, adj (thing) that deters or is meant to deter ÆðÖÆÖ¹×÷Óõģ¨ÊÂÎ; ¶ôÖ¹µÄ£¨ÒòËØ£©; ÍþÉåµÄ£¨Á¦Á¿£©: His punishment will be a deterrent to others. ³Í·£ËûÒÔÙÓЧÓÈ. * deterrent weapons, measures ¾ßÍþÉåÐÔµÄÎäÆ÷¡¢ ¶ôÖÆÐÔµÄÊÖ¶Î. deterrence / dI5terEns; ?@ -5t\:-; dI`t[rEns/ n [U] action of deterring ×èÖ¹; ¶ôÖ¹; ÍþÉå: nuclear deterrence, ie (a policy of) having nuclear weapons in order to make an enemy too frightened to attack ºËÍþÉå. detest / dI5test; dI`tZst/ v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] dislike (sb/sth) very much; hate Ô÷¶ñ, Ô÷ºÞ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©; Ñá¶ñ; ÌÖÑá: detest dogs ÌÖÑá¹· * detest having to get up early ºÜ²»Ï²»¶ÔçÆðÉí * I detest people complaining. ÎÒÌÖÑáÈË·¢ÀÎɧ. detestable / -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj that one hates; hateful ÁîÈËÔ÷ºÞµÄ; ¿ÉÔ÷µÄ; ¿É¶ñµÄ; ÌÖÑáµÄ: a detestable habit ¿É¶ñµÄÏ°¹ß. detestably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv. detestation / 9di:te5steIFn; 9ditZs`teFEn/ n [U] strong dislike; hatred Ç¿ÁÒµÄÑá¶ñ; Ô÷¶ñ. dethrone / 9di:5WrEUn; di`Wron/ v [Tn] (a) remove (a ruler) from the throne; depose ·Ï÷í£¨¾ýÖ÷£©. (b) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) remove (sb) from a position of authority or influence ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©Ê§È¥È¨ÊÆ; ÄìÏĄ̂; ¼·×ß: a government adviser dethroned by a younger expert ±»½ÏÄêÇáµÄר¼Ò¼·×ßµÄÕþ¸®¹ËÎÊ. dethronement n [C, U]. detonate / 5detEneIt; `dZtE9net/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) explode; (be) set off £¨Ê¹Ä³Î±¬Õ¨; Òý±¬; Æð±¬: The bomb failed to detonate. Õ¨µ¯Ã»±¬Õ¨. * an explosive charge detonated by remote control Ò£¿ØÆ𱬵ÄÕ¨Ò©. detonation / 9detE5neIFn; 9dZtE`neFEn/ n [C, U] explosion ±¬Õ¨; Æð±¬. detonator / 5detEneItE(r); `dZtE9netL/ n part of a bomb, etc that explodes first, setting off the full explosion Æ𱬹Ü; À×¹Ü; ÐŹÜ. detour / 5di:tUE(r); ?@ dI5tUEr; dI`tUr/ n (esp US) route that avoids a blocked road, etc; deviation £¨ÈÆ¿ªÊÜ×èµÀ·µÈµÄ£©ÈÆÐзÏß, ÓػطÏß: We had to make a detour round the floods. ÎÒÃÇΪ±Ü¿ªºéË®µÃÈƵÀ¶øÐÐ. Cf ²Î¿´ diversion. detour v [I, Tn] avoid (sth) by making a detour ÈƵÀÒԱܿª£¨Ä³Î; Èƹý£¨Ä³Î: We had to detour a road-block. ÎÒÃǵÃÈƹý·ÕÏ. detoxify / 9di:5tCksIfaI; di`tBksE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] remove poison or harmful substances from (sb/sth) Çå³ý£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]£©µÄ¶¾ËØ»òÓк¦ÎïÖÊ; Ϊ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]£©½â¶¾: detoxify the bloodstream Çå³ýѪҺÖеĶ¾ËØ. detoxification / 9di:9tCksIfI5keIFn; di9tBksEfE`keFEn/ n [U] action of removing poison or harmful substances, eg addictive drugs ½â¶¾; £¨¶ÔÈ綾ƷµÈÓк¦ÎïÖʵģ©Çå³ý: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a detoxification centre, ie where drug addicts or alcoholics are treated ½ä¶¾£¨»ò½ä¾Æ£©ÖÐÐÄ. detract / dI5trAkt; dI`trAkt/ v [Ipr] ~ from sth make sth seem less valuable or important ¼õËðijÊÂÎïµÄ¼ÛÖµ»òÖØÒªÐÔ; ±áµÍ: detract from the merit, value, worth, excellence, etc of sth ÓÐËðì¶Ä³ÊÂÎïµÄºÃ´¦¡¢ ÖØÒªÐÔ¡¢ ¼ÛÖµ¡¢ ÓŵãµÈ * criticism that detracts from her achievements ±áµÍËý³É¾ÍµÄÅúÆÀ * This unpleasant incident detracted from our enjoyment of the evening. Õâ¼þ²»Óä¿ìµÄÊÂÇéʹÎÒÃǵ±ÍíÐËÖ´ó¼õ. detraction / dI5trAkFn; dI`trAkFEn/ n [U] unfair criticism of sb/sth; belittling ²»Ç¡µ±µÄÅúÆÀ; ±áµÍ; ±áÒÖ. detractor n person who criticizes sb/sth unfairly Ú®»ÙÕß; ±áµÍÕß: The scheme is better than its detractors suggest. Õâ¼Æ»®±È±áµÍËüµÄÈËËù˵µÄÒªºÃ. detrain / 9di:5treIn; di`tren/ v [I, Tn] (fml ÎÄ) leave or cause (sb) to leave a railway train Ï»ð³µ; ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©Ï»ð³µ: The troops detrained near the battle zone. ²¿¶ÓÔÚÕ½Çø¸½½üÏÂÁË»ð³µ. detribalize, detribalise / 9di:5traIbElaIz; di`traIbE9laIz/ v [Tn] cause (sb) to abandon tribal customs; end tribal organization in (a society) ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©ÞðÆú²¿ÂäÏ°Ë×; ½âÉ¢£¨Ä³Éç»á£©ÖеIJ¿Âä×éÖ¯: detribalized Indians in South America ½âÉ¢ÄÏÃÀÖÞÓ¡µÚ°²È˵IJ¿Âä. detribalization, detribalisation / 9di:9traIbElaI5zeIFn; ?@-lI5z-; di9traIbElI`zeFEn/ [U]. detriment / 5detrImEnt; `dZtrEmEnt/ n (idm Ï°Óï) to the detriment of sb/sth; without detriment to sb/sth harming/not harming sb/sth ¶ÔijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]Óк¦ [ÎÞº¦]; ÓÐËðì¶[ÎÞËðì¶]ijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: He works long hours, to the detriment of his health. Ëû³¤Ê±¼äµØ¹¤×÷, ÓÐË𽡿µ. * This tax cannot be introduced without detriment to the economy. Õâһ˰ÖÆÒ»µ©Ê©ÐÐ, ±ØÈ»»áΣº¦¹úÃñ¾­¼Ã. detrimental / 9detrI5mentl; 9dZtrE`mZntl/ adj ~ (to sb/sth) harmful ÓꦵÄ; ²»ÀûµÄ: The measures had a detrimental effect. ÕâЩ´ëÊ©ÒѲúÉú²»Á¼Ó°Ïì. * activities detrimental to our interests Ëð¼°ÎÒÃÇÀûÒæµÄ»î¶¯. detrimentally / -tElI; -tlI/ adv: detrimentally affected Êܵ½²»Á¼Ó°Ïì. detritus / dI5traItEs; dI`traItEs/ n [U] matter such as sand, silt or gravel produced by the wearing away of rocks, etc £¨ÑÒʯµÈ·ç»¯¶øÐγɵģ©Äàɳ, Ëéʯ, ÑÒм; ·ç»¯Îï. deuce / dju:s; ?@ du:s; dus/ n 1 two on playing-cards or dice (shown as pips and/or numbers) £¨Ö½ÅÆ»òÉ«×ÓÉϵģ©Á½µã£¨ÒÔµãºÍ[»ò]Êý×Ö±íʾ£©. 2 (in tennis) score of 40-all, after which either side must gain two successive points to win the game £¨ÍøÇòÈüÖУ©40ƽ£¨ÆäááÒ»·½ÐëÁ¬Ê¤Á½Çò·½ÎªÊ¤£©. deuce / dju:s; ?@ du:s; dus/ n (dated infml euph ¾É, ¿Ú, Íñ) 1 the deuce [sing] (used as an expression of annoyance ÓÃÒÔ±íʾ·³ÄÕ¡¢ Ñá¶ñµÈ): The deuce! I've lost my keys! Õ浹ù, Ô¿³×¶ªÁË! * Who/What/Where the deuce is that? µ½µ×ÊÇÄĸö¼Ò»ï[ÊÇʲ÷á¹íÃûÌÃ/ÔÚʲ÷á¹íµØ·½]? * What the deuce is going on? ÌÖÑá, µ½µ×ÊÇÔõ÷á»ØÊÂ? 2 (idm Ï°Óï) the deuce of a sth a very bad case of sth ·Ç³£Ôã¸â; Ê®·ÖÑÏÖØ: I've got the deuce of a headache. ÎÒÍ·Í´¼«ÁË. deuced / dju:st, 5dju:sId; ?@ du:st; dust/ adj (used as an expression of annoyance ÓÃÒÔ±íʾ·³ÄÕ¡¢ Ñá¶ñµÈ): Where's that deuced boy? ÄÇ»µÐ¡×ÓÉÏÄĶùÈ¥ÁË? adv very ºÜ; ·Ç³£: What deuced bad luck! µ¹Ã¹ËÀÁË! deucedly / 5dju:sIdlI; ?@ 5du:-; `dusIdlI/ adv very ºÜ; ·Ç³£. Deutschmark / 5dRItFmB:k; `dRItF9mBrk/ n (abbr Ëõд DM) unit of money in the Federal Republic of Germany Âí¿Ë£¨µÂ¹ú»õ±Òµ¥Î»£©. devalue / 9di:5vAlju:; di`vAlju/ v [Tn] (a) reduce the value of (a currency) in relation to other currencies or gold ʹ£¨Ä³ÖÖ»õ±Ò£©±áÖµ: devalue the dollar, pound, mark, etc ʹÃÀÔª¡¢ Ó¢°÷¡¢ Âí¿ËµÈ±áÖµ. (b) reduce the value or worth of (sth) ½µµÍ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎµÄ¼ÛÖµ; ±áµÍ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎµÄÖØÒªÐÔ: criticism that devalues our work ±áµÍÎÒÃǹ¤×÷³É¼¨µÄÅúÆÀ. devaluation / 9di:vAljU5eIFn; 9divAljJ`eFEn/ n [C, U] (instance of) reducing a currency to a lower fixed value »õ±Ò±áÖµ: There's been a further devaluation of the dollar. ÃÀÔª¼ÌÐø±áÖµ. devastate / 5devEsteIt; `dZvEs9tet/ v [Tn] (a) completely destroy (sth); ruin ³¹µ×»Ù»µ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ; »ÙÃð; ´Ý»Ù: a house devastated by a bomb ±»Õ¨µ¯Õ¨»ÙµÄ·¿×Ó * War devastated the country. Õ½Õù´Ý»ÙÁËÕâ¸ö¹ú¼Ò. (b) (infml ¿Ú) shock (sb); overwhelm ÁijÈË£©Õð¾ª; ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©ÄÑÒÔ³ÐÊÜ: She was devastated by his death. ËýÒòËûÈ¥ÊÀ¶ø±¯Í´Óû¾ø. * I was devastated by the news of the crash. ÎÒ»ñϤʧʵÄÏûÏ¢¸Ðµ½Ê®·ÖÕð¾ª. devastating / 5devEsteItIN; `dZvEs9tetIN/ adj 1 very destructive ÆÆ»µÁ¦¼«Ç¿µÄ; »ÙÃðÐÔµÄ: a devastating war, famine, storm, etc »ÙÃðÐÔµÄÕ½Õù¡¢ ¼¢»Ä¡¢ ·ç±©µÈ. 2 causing severe shock ÁîÈËÊ®·ÖÕ𾪵Ä; ¾ßÓÐÇ¿´ó³å»÷Á¦µÄ: devastating criticism, news ÃÍÁÒµÄÅê»÷¡¢ ¾ªÈ˵ÄÏûÏ¢. 3 (fig infml ±ÈÓ÷, ¿Ú) striking; impressive Í»³öµÄ; ÐÑÄ¿µÄ; ÁîÈËÇÕÅåµÄ: devastating wit ·Ç·²µÄ»úÖÇ * She looked devastating, ie very beautiful. ËýòÃÀ¾øÂ×. devastatingly adv. devastation / 9devE5steIFn; 9dZvEs`teFEn/ n [U] devastating or being devastated »ÙÃð: complete, utter devastation ÍêÈ«µÄ¡¢ ³¹µ×µÄ»ÙÃð. develop / dI5velEp; dI`vZlEp/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from sth) (into sth) (cause sb/sth to) grow gradually; become or make more mature, advanced or organized £¨Ê¹Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©·¢Õ¹, ·¢Óý, ³É³¤, ·¢´ï: The child is developing well. Õ⺢×Ó·¢ÓýÁ¼ºÃ. * The plot for the novel gradually developed in my mind. ÎÒÖð²½¹¹Ïë³öС˵µÄÇé½Ú. * The argument developed into a bitter quarrel. Õⳡ±çÂÛÖð½¥±ä³ÉÁ˼¤ÁÒµÄÕù³³. * We've developed the project from an original idea by Stephen. ÎÒÃǸù¾Ý˹µÙ·ÒµÄÉèÏëÖƶ¨ÁËÕâ¸ö¼Æ»®. * The place has developed from a fishing port into a thriving tourist centre. ÕâµØ·½ÓÉÔ­À´µÄÓæ¸Û·¢Õ¹³ÉÒ»¸ö·±ÈÙµÄÂÃÓÎʤµØ. 2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become noticeable, visible or active £¨Ê¹Ä³ÊÂÎ³öÏÖ, Ã÷ÏÔ»¯, ÏÔ¶, ±äµÃ»îÔ¾: Symptoms of malaria developed, ie appeared. ű¼²µÄÖ¢×´³öÏÖÁË. * The car has developed signs of rust, ie is becoming rusty. ÕâÁ¾Æû³µ³öÏÖÁËÐâ¼£. 3 (photography Éã) (a) [Tn] treat (an exposed film) with chemicals so that the picture can be seen ³åÏ´£¨ÒÑÆعâµÄµ×Ƭ£©; ʹ£¨ÒÑÆعâµÄµ×Ƭ£©ÏÔÓ°: take a film to be developed ½«½º¾íËÍÈ¥³åÏ´. (b) [I] (of the image on an exposed film or plate) become visible £¨Ö¸µ×ƬÉϵÄͼÏñ£©ÏÔÓ°. 4 [Tn] use (land) for the building of houses, etc and so increase its value ÔÚ£¨ÍÁµØ£©ÉϽ¨Öþ·¿ÎݵÈ; ¿ª·¢£¨ÍÁµØ£©: The site is being developed by a London property company. Õâ¿éµØÕýÔÚÓÉÂ׶صÄÒ»¼ÒµØ²ú¹«Ë¾¿ª·¢ÀûÓÃ. developed adj 1 advanced; mature ÏȽøµÄ; ·¢´ïµÄ; ³ÉÊìµÄ: a highly developed system of agriculture Ê®·Ö·¢´ïµÄÅ©ÒµÌåϵ * She is well developed for her age. Ëý±ÈËýµÄʵ¼ÊÄêÁä¿´À´ÔçÊì. 2 (economics ¾­) (of a country, an area, etc) with a highly organized economy £¨Ö¸¹ú¼Ò¡¢ µØÇøµÈ£©¾­¼Ã·¢´ïµÄ: one of the less developed countries ·¢´ï³Ì¶È½ÏµÍµÄ¹ú¼ÒÖ®Ò». developer n 1 (photography Éã) substance used to develop films ÏÔÓ°¼Á. 2 person or company that develops land ÍÁµØ¿ª·¢Õß; ÍÁµØ¿ª·¢¹«Ë¾. developing adj trying to become economically advanced ¾­¼Ã·¢Õ¹ÖеÄ: a developing country ·¢Õ¹ÖеĹú¼Ò * the developing world ·¢Õ¹ÖеÄÊÀ½ç. development / dI5velEpmEnt; dI`vZlEpmEnt/ n 1 [U] developing or being developed (develop 1, 2, 3, 4) ·¢Õ¹; ·¢´ï; ·¢Óý; ³É³¤; ³öÏÖ; ÏÔÓ°; ¿ª·¢: the healthy development of children ¶ùͯµÄ½¡¿µ³É³¤ * encourage the development of small businesses ¹ÄÀøС¹«Ë¾µÄ·¢Õ¹ * land that is ready for development, ie ready to be built on ¿ÉÒÔ¿ª·¢µÄÍÁµØ£¨¿ÉÔÚÉÏÃæÓª½¨£©. 2 [C] (a) new stage or event еĽ׶Î; ÐÂÊÂ̬: the latest development in the continuing crisis Õâ¶Î³ÖÐøΣ»úµÄ×îÐÂÇé¿ö * We must await further developments. ÎÒÃDZØÐëµÈ´ýÊÂ̬µÄ½øÒ»²½·¢Õ¹. (b) new product or invention вúÆ·; з¢Ã÷: Our electrically-powered car is an exciting new development. ÎÒÃǵĵ綯Æû³µÊÇÒ»ÏîÁîÈ˹ÄÎèµÄз¢Ã÷. 3 [C] piece of land with new buildings on it нü½¨ÔìÁË·¿ÎݵÄÒ»¿éÍÁµØ; пª·¢µØ: a commercial development on the outskirts of the town Ôڳǽ¼µÄÐÂÉÌÒµÇø. development area (Brit) poor area where new industries are encouraged in order to create jobs ´ý¿ª·¢Çø£¨¹ÄÀø·¢Õ¹Ð¹¤ÒµÒÔÌṩ¾ÍÒµ»ú»áµÄƶÇîµØÇø£©. deviant / 5di:vIEnt; `divIEnt/ n, adj (often derog ³£×÷±áÒå) (person who is) different in moral or social standards from what is considered normal Æ«ÀëÕý³£µÄµÀµÂ»òÉç»á±ê×¼µÄ£¨ÈË£©; Àë¾­ÅѵÀµÄ£¨ÈË£©: a sexual deviant who assaults children õåõï¶ùͯµÄÐÔ±ä̬Õß * deviant behaviour ²»¹ìµÄÐÐΪ. deviance / -vIEns; -vIEns/, deviancy ns [U] deviant tendencies or behaviour ·´³£µÄÇãÏò»òÐÐΪ. deviate / 5di:vIeIt; `divI9et/ v [Ipr] ~ from sth stop following (a course, standard, etc) Æ«À루·Ïß¡¢ ±ê×¼µÈ£©; ±³Àë: The plane deviated from its usual route. ·É»úÆ«ÀëÁËÕý³£µÄº½Ïß. * I will never deviate from what I believe to be right. ÎÒ¾ø²»±³ÀëÎÒ×ÔÐÅÕýÈ·µÄµÀ·. * deviate from one's plan, the norm, the accepted procedure, etc Æ«Àë×Ô¼ºµÄ¼Æ»®¡¢ ±ê×¼¡¢ Ò»°ãµÄ³ÌÐòµÈ. deviation / 9di:vI5eIFn; 9divI`eFEn/ n ~ (from sth) 1 (a) [U] not following the normal or expected course, plan, etc; deviating Æ«ÀëÕý³£µÄ»òÔ­¶¨µÄ·Ïß¡¢ ¼Æ»®µÈ; Æ«Ïò; Æ«²î: There was little deviation from his usual routine. ËûûÓÐʲ÷á·´³£µÄ¾Ù¶¯. * sexual deviation ÐÔ±ä̬ÐÐΪ. (b) [C] instance of this Æ«²î; Òݳö³£¹ì: a deviation from the rules Î¥±³¹æÔò. 2 [U] (politics Õþ) moving away from the beliefs held by the group to which one belongs ±³Àë×Ô¼ºËùÊô¼¯ÍŵÄÐÅÌõ; ±³ÃË: Party ideologists accused her of deviation. µ³ÄÚÀíÂÛ¼ÒÇ´ÔðËý±³ÀëÁ˵³µÄÐÅÌõ. 3 [C] difference between a numerical value and a norm or average Æ«²î; Àë²î: a compass deviation of 5, ie from true north ÂÞÅÌ×Ô²î5¶È£¨Ïà¶Ôì¶Õý±±¶øÑÔ£©. deviationism / -FEnIzEm; -FEnIzm/ n [U] practice of political deviation ÕþÖÎÉϵÄÀë¾­ÅѵÀ. deviationist /-FEnIst; -FEnIst/ n. device / dI5vaIs; dI`vaIs/ n 1 thing made or adapted for a special purpose £¨ÎªÄ³ÖÖÓÃ;¶øÖÆ×÷»ò¸Ä×°µÄ£©×°ÖÃ, Æ÷¾ß: a device for measuring pressure ²âѹװÖà * a labour-saving device ½ÚÊ¡ÀÍÁ¦µÄ×°Öà * an explosive device ±¬ÆÆ×°Öà * a nuclear device, eg a nuclear bomb or missile ºË×Ó×°Öã¨ÈçºËµ¯»òºËµ¼µ¯£©. =>Usage at machine Ó÷¨¼ûmachine. 2 (literature ÎÄѧ) metaphor, combination of words, etc used by a writer to produce an effect on the reader £¨×÷ÕßÓÃÒÔ¸ÐȾ¶ÁÕߵģ©ÊÖ·¨, ¼¼ÇÉ£¨ÈçÒþÓ÷¡¢ ´ÊÓï´îÅäµÈ£©: a stylistic device ÎÄÌå±íÏÖÊÖ·¨. 3 scheme; trick ²ßÂÔ; ¼Æ²ß; ¹î¼Æ; ¼Æı: Her illness is merely a device to avoid seeing him. ËýËùνÉú²¡Ö»²»¹ýÊDZÜÃâ¼ûËûµÄ»¨ÕжøÒÑ. 4 symbol or figure used as a sign by a noble family, eg on a crest or shield £¨¹ó×åÓÃ×÷¼Ò×å±êÖ¾µÄ£©Í¼°¸£¨ÈçÓÃì¶ÊÎÕ»ò¶ÜÐλյģ©: a heraldic device ÎÆÕÂͼ°¸. 5 (idm Ï°Óï) leave sb to his own devices => leave1. devil / 5devl; `dZvl/ n 1 (a) the Devil supreme evil being; Satan ħ¹í; Èöµ©: The Devil tempted Adam and Eve. ħ¹íÓÕ»óÁËÑǵ±ºÍÏÄÍÞ. (b) wicked spirit ħ¹í; ¹í¹Ö: He believes in devils and witches. ËûÏàÐÅħ¹í¡¢ Î×ÆÅÕâÀàÊÂ. 2 (infml ¿Ú) (a) wicked or mischievous person ¶ñÈË; »µµ°; µ÷Ƥ¹í; ÌÔÆø¹í: My niece is a little devil. ÎÒµÄֶŮÊǸöµ÷Ƥ¹í. * He's a devil with (ie flirts with) the ladies. ËûÊǸöÍæŪŮÐԵļһï. (b) (used for emphasis ÓÃÒÔ¼ÓÇ¿ÓïÆø) person ÈË; ¼Ò»ï: The poor/lucky devil! ¶à¿ÉÁ¯[ÐÒÔË]µÄ¼Ò»ï! * Which silly devil left the fire on all day? ÊÇÄĸö±¿µ°Ã»½«Â¯»ðϨµô, ÉÕÁËÕâÒ»ÕûÌì? 3 (idm Ï°Óï) be a `devil (infml joc ¿Ú, ÚÊ) used to encourage sb to do sth he is hesitating to do ÓÃÒÔÔÚijÈ˳ÙÒÉʱ¹ÄÀøËûÈ¥×öijÊÂ: Go on, be a devil tell me what they said. À´, ÅÂʲ÷á--¾¡¹Ü¸æËßÎÒËûÃÇ˵ÁËЩʲ÷á. better the devil you know => better2. between the ,devil and the ,deep (blue) `sea in a situation where there are two equally unacceptable alternatives ½øÍËά¹È; ×óÓÒΪÄÑ. the devil (used for emphasis in questions ÔÚÒÉÎʾäÖÐÓÃÒÔ¼ÓÇ¿ÓïÆø): What/Who/Why/Where the devil is that? µ½µ×ÊÇʲ÷á¹íÃûÌÃ[ÊÇÄĸö¼Ò»ï/ÊÇΪʲ÷á/ÊÇÔÚʲ÷á¹íµØ·½]? the (very) `devil (sth) difficult or unpleasant À§ÄѵĻòÁîÈ˲»Óä¿ìµÄ£¨ÊÂÎ: This job is the very devil. Õ⹤×÷Ê®·Ö¼¬ÊÖ. * These pans are the (very) devil to clean. ÕâЩ¹øÌ«ÄÑϴǬ¾»ÁË. the `devil you will/won't, she can/can't, etc (infml ¿Ú) (used to emphasize a statement of refusal, an expression of surprise, etc ÓÃ×÷Ç¿µ÷±íʾ¾Ü¾ø¡¢ ¾ªÑȵȵÄÓï¾ä): `I'm going to a party. ' `The devil you are!', ie I forbid it. £àÎÒҪȥ²Î¼ÓÒ»¸ö¾Û»á.£§£àÄã¸Ò!£§£¨ÎÒ²»×¼£©. the ,devil looks ,after his `own (saying Ñè) success comes to those who deserve it least ħ¹í±£ÓÓ¶ñÈË£¨×î²»Åä³É¹¦ÕßÈ´ÄÜ»ñµÃ³É¹¦£©; СÈËÐдóÔË. the devil makes work for idle hands (saying Ñè) when people do not have enough work to do, they get into or make trouble ÏÐÔòÉú·Ç. a devil of a sth/sb (dated infml ¾É, ¿Ú) (used for emphasis ÓÃÒÔ¼ÓÇ¿ÓïÆø) very remarkable, difficult, awkward, etc thing or person ·Ç³£Í»³ö¡¢ Âé·³¡¢ Ôã¸âµÈµÄÊ»òÈË: a devil of a pretty woman ƯÁÁµÃ²»µÃÁ˵ÄÅ®ÈË. devil's `advocate person who speaks against sb or sth simply to encourage discussion ¹ÊÒâÌá³öÒìÒéÒÔ¼¤·¢±çÂÛµÄÈË; ¹ÊÒ⳪·´µ÷µÄÈË: I don't really believe in capital punishment, I'm just playing the devil's advocate. ÎÒ²¢·ÇÕæÕýÖ÷ÕÅÓ¦¸ÃÓÐËÀÐÌ, Ö»ÊǹÊÒ⳪³ª·´µ÷°ÕÁË. the devil's own luck very good luck ¼«¼ÑµÄÔËÆø; ºèÔË. the devil take the `hindmost everybody should look after himself and not care about others ħ¹íרץÂäááµÄ£¨ÈËÈËÓ¦×Ô±£, ²»¿É¹ËËûÈË£©; Òª¹í×½²»µ½, ÇÀÔÚÈËÇ°ÌÓ: In this business you have to be tough, and the devil take the hindmost. ¸ÉÕâÒ»ÐбØÐëÐĺÝ, Ë­¹Ë±ðÈËË­³Ô¿÷. give the devil his `due be just, even to those who do not deserve it ²»¹ÜÈ˺ÃÈË»µ, ¶¼Òª¹«Æ½¶Ô´ý; ƽÐĶøÂÛ. go to the `devil! (dated ¾É) damn you! È¥ÄãµÄ! ¼û¹íÈ¥°É! have a/the devil of a job doing sth (infml ¿Ú) find sth very difficult ¾õµÃijÊÂÊ®·ÖÀ§ÄÑ: I'm having a devil of a job fixing my car. ÎÒÐÞÎÒÕâÁ¾Æû³µ¿É·Ñ¾¢ÁË. like the `devil (infml ¿Ú) very hard, intensively, etc ºÜÂôÁ¦µØ¡¢ Ç¿ÁҵصÈ; ÞÕÃüµØ: run, work like the devil ÞÕÃüÅÜ¡¢ ¸É. needs must when the devil drives => needs (need). play the devil with sth (infml ¿Ú) harm or make sth worse É˺¦; ʹijÊÂÎï¶ñ»¯: Cold weather plays the devil with my rheumatism. ÌìÒ»Àä, Îҵķçʪ²¡¾Í·¸ÁË. speak/talk of the `devil (saying infml Ñè, ¿Ú) (said when sb one has been talking about appears ÓÃì¶Ëµµ½Ä³ÈË, ijÈ˾͵½µÄ³¡ºÏ). there'll be the `devil to pay (infml ¿Ú) there will be trouble as the result of sth ÄǾÍÂé·³ÁË; ÄǾÍÔã¸âÁË; ÄǾÍÒªµ¹Ã¹ÁË: There'll be the devil to pay if you scratch my car! ÄãÒªÊÇ»®»µÁËÎÒµÄÆû³µÄã¾ÍÓÐÂé·³ÁË! the world, the flesh and the devil => world. devil-may-care adj [esp attrib ÓÈ×÷¶¨Óï] reckless ËÁÎ޼ɵ¬µÄ; ²»¹ËÒ»ÇеÄ. devil / 5devl; `dZvl/ v (-ll-; US -l-) 1 [Tn] grill (sth) with mustard, curry, etc ¼Ó½æÄ©¡¢ ¿§à¬µÈÉÕ¿¾£¨Ä³Î: devilled kidneys/ham/turkey ¼ÓÐÁÀ±µ÷ζƷµÄ¿¾Ñü×Ó[»ðÍÈ/»ð¼¦]. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) (Brit) work as an assistant to (a barrister) ¸ø£¨ÂÉʦ£©×öÖúÊÖ. devilish / 5devElIF; `dZvElIF/ adj wicked; cruel а¶ñµÄ; ¶ñ¶¾µÄ; ²ÐÈ̵Ä: a devilish plan ¶¾¼Æ * devilish cunning ¼éÕ©. devilish adv (dated infml ¾É, ¿Ú) very ºÜ; ·Ç³£: devilish hot ÈȵÃÒªÃü. devilishly adv: devilishly cruel, cunning, etc ÇîÐ×¼«¶ñ¡¢ ¼«Îª½ÆÕ©. devilishness n [U]. devilment / 5devlmEnt; `dZvlmEnt/ (also devilry/ 5devlrI; `dZvlrI/) n 1 [U] high spirits; mischief ¸ß°ºµÄÇéÐ÷; ¶ñ×÷¾ç; ÍæЦ: She played a trick on him out of sheer devilment. Ëý׽ŪËûÍêÈ«ÊÇΪÁËÑ°¿ªÐÄ. 2 [C] mischievous act ¶ñ×÷¾ç; ¿ªÍæЦ: She's up to some devilry or other. ËýÕýÒª¸ã¸ö¶ñ×÷¾çʲ÷áµÄ. devious / 5di:vIEs; `divIEs/ adj 1 cunning; dishonest µó»¬µÄ; ²»³ÏʵµÄ: a devious lawyer, scheme, trick µó»¬µÄÂÉʦ¡¢ Òõı¡¢ ¹î¼Æ * get rich by devious means ÒÔ²»Õýµ±µÄÊÖ¶ÎÖ¸». 2 (of a route, path, etc) winding; not straight £¨Ö¸µÀ·µÈ£©ÍäÇúµÄ, òêÑѵÄ, ²»Ö±µÄ: The coach followed a rather devious course to its destination. ³¤Í¾Æû³µÒªÈƺܶàÍ䷲ŵ½´ïÄ¿µÄµØ. deviously adv. deviousness n [U]. devise / dI5vaIz; dI`vaIz/ v [Tn] think out (a plan, system, tool, etc); invent Ïë³ö, Éè¼Æ£¨¼Æ»®¡¢ Öƶȡ¢ ¹¤¾ßµÈ£©; ·¢Ã÷: devise a scheme for redeveloping the city centre Öƶ¨ÊÐÖÐÐÄÖؽ¨¼Æ»® * devise a new type of transistor ·¢Ã÷Ò»ÖÖо§Ìå¹Ü. devitalize, devitalise / 9di:5vaItElaIz; di`vaItl9aIz/ v [Tn] take strength and vigour away from (sb/sth) ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©Ê§È¥»îÁ¦; ÏûºÄ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©µÄÁ¦Á¿: a nation devitalized by a sustained war effort Òò³ÖÐøµÄսʶø´óÉËÔªÆøµÄ¹ú¼Ò. devitalization, devitalisation / 9di:9vaItE-laI5zeIFn; ?@ -lI5z-; di9vaItlI`zeFEn/ n [U]. devoid / dI5vRId; dI`vRId/ adj [pred ×÷±íÓï] ~ of sth without sth; completely lacking in sth ûÓлòºÁÎÞijÊÂÎï: a criminal utterly devoid of conscience ÌìÁ¼É¥¾¡µÄ×ï·¸. devolution / 9di:vE5lu:Fn; ?@ 9dev-; 9dZvE`luFEn/ n [U] transfer of power or authority, esp from central government to regional authorities £¨ÓÈÖ¸ÖÐÑëÕþ¸®ÏòµØ·½Õþ¸®£©Òƽ»È¨Á¦, Ï·ÅȨÁ¦, ·ÖȨ. devolve / dI5vClv; dI`vBlv/ v (fml ÎÄ) 1 [Ipr] ~ on/upon sb (of work, duties) be transferred or passed to sb £¨Ö¸¹¤×÷¡¢ Ö°Îñ£©Òƽ»¸øijÈË: When the President is ill, his duties devolve upon the Vice-President. ×ÜͳÉú²¡Ê±, ÆäÖ°Îñ½»Óɸ±×Üͳ´úÀí. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to/upon sb) transfer (work, duties, etc) to sb ½«£¨¹¤×÷¡¢ Ö°ÎñµÈ£©×ª½»¸øijÈË: More power is to be devolved to regional government. Òª½«¸ü¶àµÄȨÁ¦½»¸øµØ·½Õþ¸®. devote / dI5vEUt; dI`vot/ v [Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sth to sb/sth give (one's time, energy, etc) to sb/sth; dedicate ΪijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]¸¶³ö£¨Ê±¼ä¡¢ ¾«Á¦µÈ£©; ÏòijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]·îÏ×£¨Ê±¼ä¡¢ ¾«Á¦µÈ£©; Ï×Éíì¶Ä³ÊÂÎï: devote oneself to a noble cause Ï×Éíì¶Ò»Ïî³ç¸ßµÄÊÂÒµ * devote all one's efforts to one's task È«Á¦ÒÔ¸°µØ¹¤×÷. devoted adj ~ (to sb/sth) very loving or loyal ÈÈ°®µÄ; ·Ç³£ÖÒʵµÄ; È«ÐÄÈ«ÒâµÄ: a devoted son, friend, supporter, etc Т×Ó¡¢ ÖÒʵµÄÅóÓÑ¡¢ ²»ÒÅÓàÁ¦µÄÖ§³ÖÕß * She is devoted to her children. ËýÉî°®ËýµÄº¢×Ó. devotedly adv. devotee / 9devE5ti:; 9dZvE`ti/ n (a) person who is devoted to sth; enthusiast ÖÂÁ¦ì¶¡¢ Ï×Éíì¶Ä³ÊÂÎïµÄÈË; ÈÈÐÄÕß; ijÊÂÎïµÄÃÔÁµÕß: a devotee of sport, music, crime fiction, etc ÈÈÖÔì¶ÌåÓýÔ˶¯¡¢ ÒôÀÖ¡¢ Õì̽С˵µÈµÄÈË. (b) zealous supporter (of a sect, etc) £¨Ä³Ò»×ÚÅɵȵģ©ÈÈÇéÓµ»¤Õß. devotion / dI5vEUFn; dI`voFEn/ n 1 [U] ~ (to sb/sth) (a) deep strong love Éî°®; Ö¿°®: a mother's devotion to her children ĸÇ׶Ô×ÓÅ®ÉîÉîµÄÌÛ°®. (b) giving of oneself (to a person, cause, etc); loyalty Ï×Éí; ÖÒÐÄ: devotion to duty ÖÒì¶Ö°ÊØ * a teacher's devotion to her task ½ÌʦȫÐÄÈ«ÒâͶÈëÆ乤×÷µÄ̬¶È * our devotion to our leader ÎÒÃǶÔÁìÐäµÄÖÒ³Ï. 2 (a) [U] religious zeal; devoutness ×Ú½ÌÈÈÇé; ò¯³Ï: a life of great devotion ÐÅÑö³ÏóƵÄÒ»Éú. (b) [C] prayer or religious practice Æíµ»; ÁéÐÞ; ×Ú½ÌÒÇʽ: a traditional devotion like the Way of the Cross ÓÐÈçÌìÖ÷½Ì£à°Ý¿à·£§µÄ´«Í³×Ú½ÌÒÇʽ * a priest at his devotions, ie praying ÕýÔÚÆíµ»µÄ½ÌÊ¿. devotional / -FEnl; -FEnl/ adj of or used in religious worship ³ç°ÝµÄ; ÁéÐÞµÄ; Æíµ»µÄ: devotional literature ÁéÐÞÊ鿯. devour / dI5vaUE(r); dI`vaJr/ v 1 [Tn] (a) eat (sth) hungrily or greedily Ì°À·µØ³Ô£¨Ä³Î; ÍÌʳ£¨Ä³Î: devour the food ravenously ÀÇÍÌ»¢ÑʵسԶ«Î÷. (b) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) look at (sb/sth) avidly Ì°À·µØ¡¢ È«Éñ¹á×¢µØ¿´£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©: She devoured the new detective story. ËýÈç¼¢ËƿʵضÁÄDZ¾ÐÂÕì̽С˵. * He devoured her with his eyes, ie looked at her lustfully. ËûÓÃÉ«ÃÔÃÔµÄÄ¿¹â¶¢ÖøËý. (c) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) destroy (sth) »ÙÃð, ÍÌÊÉ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ: Fire devoured a huge area of forest. ´ó»ðÍÌÊÉÁË´óƬɭÁÖ. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) be devoured by sth be filled with (curiosity, anxiety, etc) ÐÄÖгäÂúÁË£¨ºÃÆæ¡¢ ÓÇÂǵȣ©. devout / dI5vaUt; dI`vaJt/ adj 1 sincerely religious; pious ò¯ÐÅ×ڽ̵Ä; ò¯³ÏµÄ: a devout Muslim, prayer ò¯³ÏµÄ»Ø½Ìͽ¡¢ Æíµ». 2 sincere; deeply felt ³ÏÖ¿µÄ; Õæ³ÏµÄ; ÖÔÐĵÄ; ·¢×ÔÄÚÐĵÄ: a devout hope, wish, etc ÖÔÐĵÄÏ£Íû¡¢ ×£Ô¸µÈ. devoutly adv: It is devoutly to be wished, ie something I hope very much will happen. ÕâÊÇÎÒÖÔÐÄÏ£ÍûµÄ. devoutness n [U]. dew / dju:; ?@ du:; du/ n [U] tiny drops of moisture condensed on cool surfaces from water vapour in the air, esp at night ¶ˮ: The grass was wet with dew. ²Ý±»Â¶Ë®Õ´ÊªÁË. dewy adj wet with dew Ϊ¶ˮËùʪµÄ; ´ø¶ˮµÄ. dewy-eyed adj nave and trusting µ¥´¿ÌìÕæ¡¢ Ò×ÇáÐÅÈ˵Ä: You can't be too dewy-eyed if you want to succeed. Òª³É¹¦¾Í²»ÄÜÌ«ÌìÕæ. dewdrop n drop of dew ¶Öé. dewlap / 5dju:lAp; ?@ 5du:-; `du9lAp/ n fold of loose skin hanging down from the throat of an animal such as a cow or an ox £¨Å£µÈ£©×Ôºí²¿´¹ÏµÄËÉƤ; ºí´¹. dexterity / dek5sterEtI; dZk`stZrEtI/ n [U] skill, esp in using one's hands ¼¼ÇÉ, ÁéÇÉ£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÓÃÊֵģ©; Áé»îµÄÊÖ·¨: A juggler needs great dexterity. ÍæÔÓË£µÄÈËÒªÓзdz£ÁéÇɵÄÊÖ. * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) The negotiations will call for considerable dexterity. ½øÐÐÕâЩ̸ÅÐÐèÒªÏ൱Բ»¬µÄÊÖÍó. dexterous (also dextrous) / 5dekstrEs; `dZkstrEs/ adj (a) skilful with one's hands ÉÆì¶ÓÃÊÖµÄ; ÊÖÇɵÄ: She's very dexterous with the knitting needles. ËýÉó¤ÓÃÖ¯Õë. (b) skilfully performed ±íÏÖÁéÇɵÄ: a dextrous movement ÁéÇɵĶ¯×÷. dexterously (also dextrously) adv. dextrose / 5dekstrEUs, -EUz; `dZkstros, -oz/ n [U] form of glucose ÓÒÐýÌÇ£¨ÆÏÌÑÌǵÄÒ»ÖÖ£©. DG / 9di: 5dVi:; 9di `dVi/ abbr Ëõд = 1 (on coins) by the grace of God (Latin Dei Gratia) £¨Ó²±ÒÉϵÄ×ÖÑù£©ÃÉÉϵÛÖ®¶÷, ÃÉÖ÷¶÷³è£¨Ô´×ÔÀ­¶¡ÎÄDei Gratia£©. 2 thanks be to God (Latin Deo Gratias) ¸ÐлÉϵۣ¨Ô´×ÔÀ­¶¡ÎÄDeo Gratias£©. 3 director-general. dhoti / 5dEUtI; `dotI/ n loincloth worn by male Hindus £¨Ó¡¶ÈÄÐ×ÓÓõģ©²øÑü²¼. dhow / daU; daJ/ n ship with one mast used along the coasts of Arab countries £¨°¢À­²®¹ú¼ÒÑغ£Ê¹Óõģ©µ¥Î¦·«´¬. DHSS / 9di: eItF es 5es; 9di etF Zs `Zs/ abbr Ëõд = (Brit) Department of Health and Social Security ÎÀÉúºÍÉç»á±£ÏÕ²¿. di- pref ǰ׺ 1 (with ns ááÓëÃû´Ê½áºÏ) two; double ¶þ; Ë«; ¶þÖØ; ¶þ±¶: dicotyledon. 2 (chemistry »¯) (with ns in names of chemical compounds ááÓëÃû´Ê½áºÏ¹¹³É»¯ºÏÎïÃû³Æ) containing two atoms or groups of the specified type º¬ÓÐÁ½¸öÔ­×ÓµÄ; º¬ÓÐÁ½×éijһÀàÐÍÎïÖʵÄ: dioxide * dichromate. Cf ²Î¿´ bi-, tri-. diabetes / 9daIE5bi:ti:z; 9daIE`bitiz/ n [U] disease of the pancreas which prevents sugar and starch being properly absorbed ÌÇÄò²¡. diabetic / 9daIE5betIk; 9daIE`bZtIk/ adj of diabetes ÌÇÄò²¡µÄ. diabetic n person suffering from diabetes ÌÇÄò²¡»¼Õß. diabolic / 9daIE5bClIk; 9daIE`bBlIk/ adj (a) of or like a devil ħ¹íµÄ; ħ¹íËƵÄ. (b) clever and evil; wicked ¼éаµÄ; Òõ¶¾µÄ; ¶¾À±µÄ: diabolic plan, trick, etc Òõ¶¾µÄ¼Æ»®¡¢ ¹î¼ÆµÈ. diabolical / -lIkl; -lIkl/ adj 1 = diabolic. 2 (Brit infml ¿Ú) very bad ºÜ»µµÄ; ºÜ²îµÄ; Ôã¸âµÄ: The film was diabolical. ÕⲿµçÓ°Ôã͸ÁË. * a diabolical liberty, ie an act that one resents very much ¼«·ÅËÁµÄ¾Ù¶¯. diabolically / -klI; -klI/ adv. diacritic / 9daIE5krItIk; 9daIE`krItIk/ n (also diacritical/-kl; -kl/) adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] mark (eg an accent, a diaeresis or a cedilla) placed above or below a written or printed letter to indicate different sounds £¨±êì¶ÊéÃæ×ÖĸÉÏ·½»òÏ·½ÒÔ±íʾÆ䲻ͬ·¢ÒôµÄ£©±äÒô·ûºÅ£¨ÈçÖØÒô·û¡¢ ·ÖÒô·û»òϼӷû£©. diacritic of diacritic mark ±äÒô·ûºÅµÄ. diadem / 5daIEdem; `daIE9dZm/ n crown worn as a sign of royal power Íõ¹Ú, ÃᣨÍõȨµÄÏóá磩. diaeresis (also dieresis) / daI5erEsIs; daI`ZrEsIs/ n (pl -eses / -Esi:z; -E9siz/) mark (eg as in nave) placed over a vowel to show that it is sounded separately from the vowel before it ·ÖÒô·û£¨±êì¶ÔªÒôÖ®ÉÏÒÔʾÆäÓëÇ°Ò»ÔªÒô·Ö±ð·¢Òô, ÈçnaIveÖеÄׯ£©. Cf ²Î¿´ umlaut. diagnose / 5daIEgnEUz; ?@ 9daIEg5nEUs; 9daIE^`nos/ v [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) find out the nature of (esp an illness) by observing its symptoms ÅжÏ; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©Õï¶Ï£¨¼²²¡£©: The doctor diagnosed measles. Ò½ÉúÕï¶Ï³öÂéÕî. * diagnosed the tumour as benign Õï¶Ï¸ÃÖ×ÁöΪÁ¼Ð﵀ * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) The book diagnoses our present economic ills, ie shows what is wrong with the economy. ¸ÃÊéÕëí¾ÎÒÃǾ­¼ÃÖÐÏÖ´æµÄ±×²¡. diagnosis / 9daIEg5nEUsIs; 9daIE^`nosIs/ n (pl -noses/- 5nEUsi:z; -`nosiz/) (a) [U] diagnosing Õï¶Ï; È·¶¨Ã«²¡; ÅжÏÎÊÌâ: make one's diagnosis ½øÐÐÕï¶Ï * a doctor skilled in diagnosis Õï¶Ï׼ȷµÄÒ½Éú * accurate diagnosis of an electrical fault µçÆø¹ÊÕϵÄ׼ȷÅж¨. Cf ²Î¿´ prognosis. (b) [C] (statement of the) result of diagnosing Õï¶Ï½á¹û; Õï¶ÏÊé. diagnostic / 9daIEg5nCstIk; 9daIE^`nBstIk/ adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] of diagnosis Õï¶ÏµÄ; ÅжϵÄ: diagnostic skill, training, etc Õï¶ÏµÄ¼¼Êõ¡¢ ѵÁ·µÈ * symptoms that were of little diagnostic value, ie that did not indicate the patient's disease ¶ÔÕï¶ÏÊǺμ²²¡ÎÞÉõ²Î¿¼¼ÛÖµµÄÖ¢×´£¨¼´¸ÃÖ¢×´ÏÔʾ²»³öÊǺμ²²¡£©. diagonal / daI5AgEnl; daI`A^Enl/ adj (a) crossing a straight-sided figure, eg a rectangle, from corner to corner £¨³¤·½ÐεÈÖ±±ßͼÐεģ©¶Ô½ÇµÄ, ¶Ô½ÇÏßµÄ. =>illus at vertical ¼ûverticalÖ®²åͼ. (b) slanting; oblique ÇãбµÄ; бÏßµÄ: diagonal stripes бÎÆ. (c) crossed by slanting lines ÓÐбÏßµÄ; бÎƵÄ. diagonal n straight line crossing a straight-sided figure from corner to corner; slanting line ¶Ô½ÇÏß; бÏß. diagonally / -nElI; -nlI/ adv. diagram / 5daIEgrAm; `daIE9^rAm/ n drawing or plan that uses simple lines rather than realistic details to explain or illustrate a machine, structure, process, etc ͼ½â; ͼ±í; ʾÒâͼ: a diagram of a gear-box, a rail network ³ÝÂÖÏä¡¢ Ìú·ÍøµÄͼ½â. diagrammatic / 9daIEgrE-5mAtIk; 9daIE^rE`mAtIk/ adj: a diagrammatic map ͼ½âµØͼ. diagrammatically / -klI; -klI/ adv. dial / 5daIEl; `daIEl/ n 1 face of a clock or watch ÖÓÃæ; ±íÃæ. 2 similar face or flat plate with a scale and a pointer for measuring weight, volume, pressure, the amount of gas used, etc ÒDZíÅÌ; ±ê¶ÈÅÌ; ¿Ì¶ÈÅÌ: the dial of an electricity meter µç±íÅÌ. 3 plate or disc, etc on a radio or television set showing the wavelengths or channels £¨ÊÕÒô»ú£©µ÷гָʾ°å; £¨µçÊÓ»ú£©ÆµµÀÏÔʾÅÌ. 4 (a) disc on a telephone that is turned when making a call £¨µç»°£©²¦ºÅÅÌ. (b) set of keys on a telephone that are pressed when making a call £¨°´¼üʽµç»°µÄ£©°´¼üÅÌ. dial v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Tn] use a telephone dial to call (a number or telephone service) ´òµç»°; ²¦£¨µç»°ºÅÂ룩: dial 01-230-1212 ²¦01-230-1212 * dial the operator ´ò¸ø½ÓÏßÔ±. `dialling code numbers for an area or a country that are dialled before the number of the person one wants to speak to µç»°ÇøÓòºÅÂë: The dialling code for the London area is 01. Â׶صØÇøµÄµç»°ÇøºÅÊÇ01. `dialling tone sound heard on the telephone showing that one can begin to dial the number wanted £¨µç»°ÄÚ´«³ö±íʾ¿É²¦ºÅµÄ£©²¦ºÅÒô. =>App 4 ¼û¸½Â¼4. dialect / 5daIElekt; `daIE9lZkt/ n [C, U] form of a language (grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation) used in a part of a country or by a class of people ·½ÑÔ; ÍÁÓï; µØ·½»°: the Yorkshire dialect Ô¼¿Ë¿¤·½ÑÔ * a play written in dialect Ó÷½ÑÔдµÄ¾ç±¾ * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] dialect words, pronunciations, etc ·½ÑÔ´Ê¡¢ ·½Òô. Cf ²Î¿´ accent 3, brogue. dialectal / 9daIE5lektl; 9daIE`lZktl/ adj: dialectal differences between two areas Á½¸öµØÇø·½ÑԵIJî±ð. dialectic / 9daIE5lektIk; 9daIE`lZktIk/ n [U] (also dialectics [sing v]) (philosophy ÕÜ) 1 art of discovering and testing truths by discussion and logical argument Âß¼­ÂÛÖ¤·¨£¨Í¨¹ýÌÖÂÛÓëÂß¼­ÍÆÀí½Òʾ²¢¼ìÑéÕæÀíµÄ·½·¨£©. 2 criticism that deals with metaphysical contradictions and how to solve them ±çÖ¤·¨£¨Ñо¿³éÏóì¶Ü¼°Æä½â¾ö·½·¨µÄѧ˵£©. dialectical / -kl; -kl/ adj of or relating to dialectic Âß¼­ÂÛÖ¤µÄ; ÓйØÂß¼­ÂÛÖ¤µÄ; ±çÖ¤µÄ; ÓйرçÖ¤·¨µÄ: dialectical method Âß¼­ÂÛÖ¤µÄ·½·¨. dia,lectical ma`terialism Marxist theory that political and historical events are due to the conflict of social forces caused by man's material needs ±ç֤ΨÎïÖ÷Òå. dialectically /-klI; -klI/ adv. dialectician / 9daIElek5tIFn; 9daIElZk`tIFEn/ n person who is skilled in dialectic Éó¤Âß¼­ÂÛÖ¤Õß; ±ç֤ѧ¼Ò. dialogue (US also dialog) / 5daIElCg; ?@ -lR:g; `daIE9lR^/ n 1 (a) [U, C] (writing in the form of a) conversation or talk ¶Ô»°; ÓöԻ°ÌåдµÄÎÄ×Ö: Most plays are written in dialogue. ´ó¶àÊýÏ·¾ç¶¼ÊÇÓöԻ°ÌåдµÄ. * a novel with long descriptions and little dialogue ÃèÊö¶à¶ø¶Ô»°ÉÙµÄС˵. (b) [C] conversation, esp in literature, plays and films £¨ÓÈÖ¸ÎÄѧ¡¢ Ï·¾ç¡¢ µçÓ°Öеģ©¶Ô»°, ¶Ô°×: a long dialogue in the opening scene ¿ª³¡µÄ´ó¶Î¶Ô°×. 2 [C, U] discussion between people with different opinions Òâ¼û·ÖÆçÕßÖ®¼äµÄÌÖÂÛ; Òâ¼û½»»»; ´èÉÌ: a useful dialogue on common problems ¾Í¹²Í¬ÎÊÌâ½øÐеÄÓÐÒæµÄ´èÉÌ * More dialogue between world leaders is needed. ÊÀ½ç¸÷¹úÁìµ¼ÈËÖ®¼äÐèÒª¶à½»»»Òâ¼û. dialysis / 9daI5AlIsIs; daI`AlEsIs/ n (pl -lyses/ -lIsi:z;-lE9siz/) [U, C] (medical Ò½) process of purifying blood by passing it through a membrane, used esp for treating patients with damaged kidneys ͸Îö, ÉøÎö£¨Í¨¹ý±¡Ä¤¹ýÂËÀ´¾»»¯ÑªÒºµÄ·½·¨, ÓÈÓÃì¶ÖÎÁÆÉöÔàËðÉ˵IJ¡ÈË£©: renal dialysis Éö͸Îö * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a dialysis machine ͸Îö»ú. diamante / daIE5mAntI, dIE5mCnteI; 9diEmBn`te/ adj decorated with powdered crystal or some other sparkling substance ÊÎÒÔË®¾§·Û»òÆäËûÉÁ¹âÎïµÄ: diamante ear-rings Öé¹â¶ú»·. diameter / daI5AmItE(r); daI`AmEtL/ n (length of a) straight line connecting the centre of a circle or sphere, or of the base of a cylinder, to two points on its sides Ö±¾¶: the diameter of a tree-trunk Ê÷¸ÉµÄÖ±¾¶ * a lens that magnifies 20 diameters, ie makes an object look 20 times longer, wider, etc than it is ·Å´ó20±¶µÄ͸¾µ. =>App 5 ¼û¸½Â¼5. =>illus at circle ¼ûcircleÖ®²åͼ. diametrical / 9daIE5metrIkl; 9daIE`mZtrIkl/ adj of or along a diameter Ö±¾¶µÄ; ÑØÖ±¾¶µÄ. diametrically / 9daIE5metrIklI; 9daIE`mZtrIklI/ adv completely; entirely ÍêÈ«µØ; È«È»µØ: diametrically opposed/opposite ÍêÈ«Ïà·´µÄ. diamond / 5daIEmEnd; `daIEmEnd/ n 1 (a) [U, C] transparent precious stone of pure carbon in crystallized form, the hardest substance known ½ð¸Õʯ; ½ð¸Õ×ê; ×êʯ: a ring with a diamond in it ×êʯ½äÖ¸ * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a diamond ring, necklace, etc ×êʯ½äÖ¸¡¢ ÏîÁ´µÈ. (b) [C] piece of this (often artificially made) used in industry, esp for cutting glass or as a stylus for playing records £¨³£ÎªÈËÔìµÄ£©¹¤ÒµÓýð¸Õʯ; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©½ð¸Õʯ²£Á§µ¶, ±¦Ê¯³ªÕë. 2 [C] figure with four equal sides and with angles that are not right angles ÁâÐÎ. 3 (a) diamonds [sing or pl v] suit of playing-cards marked with red diamond shapes ºì·½¿é»¨É«µÄÖ½ÅÆ: the five of diamonds ·½¿éÎå * Diamonds is/are trumps. ·½¿éΪÍõÅÆ. (b) [C] playing-card of this suit ·½¿éÅÆ: play a diamond ³öÒ»ÕÅ·½¿é. =>illus at playing-card ¼ûplaying-cardÖ®²åͼ. 4 [C] (in baseball) space inside the lines connecting the bases £¨°ôÇò£©ÄÚÒ°£¨ËÄÀÝÁ¬ÏßÄڵij¡µØ£©. 5 (idm Ï°Óï) a rough diamond => rough1. diamond jubilee (celebration of a) 60th anniversary 60ÖÜÄ꣨¼ÍÄ. Cf ²Î¿´ golden jubilee (golden), silver jubilee (silver). diamond wedding 60th anniversary of a wedding ×êʯ»é£¨½á»é60ÖÜÄê¼ÍÄ. Cf ²Î¿´ golden wedding (golden), silver wedding (silver). diaper / 5daIEpE(r); ?@ also 5daIpEr; `daIEpL, `daIpL/ n 1 [U] linen or cotton fabric with a pattern of small diamonds on it ÓÐÁâÐλ¨¸ñµÄÂé»òÃÞÖ¯Îï. 2 [C] (US) = nappy. diaphanous / daI5AfEnEs; daI`AfEnEs/ adj (of fabric) light, very fine and almost transparent £¨Ö¸Ö¯ÎÓÖÇáÓÖ±¡¶ø°ë͸Ã÷µÄ: a diaphanous veil °ë͸Ã÷µÄÃæÉ´ * a dress of diaphanous silk ±¡Èç²õÒíµÄ³ñ·þ. diaphragm / 5daIEfrAm; `daIE9frAm/ n 1 wall of muscle, between the chest and the abdomen, that helps to control breathing ëõ; ëõĤ; ºáëõĤ. =>illus at respire ¼ûrespireÖ®²åͼ. 2 arrangement of thin plates in a camera that control how much light is let in through the lens ¹âȦ; ¹â¿×; ¹âÀ». 3 vibrating disc or cone producing sound-waves, eg in telephone receivers, loudspeakers, etc Õñ¶¯Ä¤£¨Èçµç»°ÌýͲ¼°ÑïÉùÆ÷µÈÖеģ©. 4 (also Dutch cap, cap) thin plastic or rubber membrane that is fitted over the neck of the womb before intercourse to prevent conception ×Ó¹¬Ã±£¨±ÜÔÐÓþߣ©. diarrhoea (US diarrhea) / 9daIE5rIE; 9daIE`riE/ n [U] condition that causes waste matter to be emptied from the bowels frequently and in a watery form ¸¹Ðº: have a bad attack of diarrhoea »¼ÁËÑÏÖصĸ¹Ðº. diary / 5daIErI; `daIErI/ n (book used for a) daily record of events, thoughts, appointments, etc ÈÕ¼Ç; ÈÕÖ¾; ÈռDz¾: keep (ie write regularly in) a diary ¼ÇÈÕ¼Ç. diarist / 5daIErIst; `daIErIst/ n person who writes a diary, esp one that is later published дÈռǵÄÈË, ÈÕ¼Ç×÷Õߣ¨ÓÈÖ¸ÄÚÈݹ©ÈÕáá·¢±íÕߣ©. Diaspora / daI5AspErE; daI`AspErE/ n the Diaspora [sing] (a) settling of the Jews among various non-Jewish communities after they had been exiled in 538 BC ÓÌÌ«ÈË춹«ÔªÇ°538Äê±»Öð³ö¹ÊÍÁááÉ¢¾Ó¸÷µØ. (b) places where they settled ÓÌÌ«ÈËÉ¢¾ÓµÄ¸÷¸öµØ·½: People from every country of the Diaspora now live in Israel. µ±ÄêÁ÷ÂäËûÏçµÄÓÌÌ«ÈËÏÖÔÚÉú»îÔÚÒÔÉ«ÁÐ. diastase / 5daIEsteIs; `daIE9stes/ n [U] enzyme that converts starch to sugar, important in digestion µí·Ûø; ÌÇ»¯Ã¸. diatom / 5daIEtEm; ?@ -tCm; `daIE9tBm/ n any of various types of microscopic one-cell plants living in water and forming fossil deposits ¹èÔå. diatonic / 9daIE5tCnIk; 9daIE`tBnIk/ adj (music Òô) using the notes of the major or minor scale2(6) only, not of the chromatic scale ÓÃ×ÔÈ»Òô½×µÄ. diatribe / 5daIEtraIb; `daIE9traIb/ n ~ (against sb/sth) lengthy and bitter attack in words ³¤ÆªÅê»÷; ³¤Ê±¼äµÄáÂî: a diatribe against the police state ¶Ô¾¯²ì¹ú¼ÒµÄÁ¬ÉùÅ­Âî. dibble / 5dIbl; `dIbl/ (also dibber/ 5dIbE(r); `dIbL/) n short wooden tool with a pointed end, used for making holes in the ground for seeds or young plants µã²¥Æ÷; ÍÚѨÆ÷. dibble v (phr v) dibble sth in put (plants, etc) inthe ground using a dibble Óõ㲥Æ÷ÔÔÖÖ£¨Ö²ÎïµÈ£©; µã²¥. dice / daIs; daIs/ n (pl unchanged ¸´Êý²»±ä) 1 (a) [C] small cube of wood, bone, plastic, etc that has a different number of spots on each side, from one to six, used in games of chance É«×Ó; ÷»×Ó: a pair of dice Ò»¶ÔÉ«×Ó * shake/roll/throw the dice Ò¡[¹ö/ÖÀ]É«×Ó. =>illus ¼û²åͼ. (b) [U] game played with this ÖÀÉ«×ÓÓÎÏ·: play dice ÍæÖÀÉ«×ÓÓÎÏ·. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) load the dice => load2. no `dice (sl Ùµ esp US) no agreement (to sth requested) ²»Í¬Ò⣨ijҪÇó£©; ¾Ü¾ø; ²»ÐÐ: `Shall we change the plan?' `No dice, we'll stick with the original one.' £àÎÒÃDZ䶯һϼƻ®ºÃÂð?£§£à²»ÐÐ, ÎÒÃÇÒª°´Ô­¼Æ»®ÐÐÊÂ.£§ dice v 1 [I] gamble using dice ÓÃÉ«×ӶIJ©. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] cut (meat, vegetables, etc) into small cubes ½«£¨Èâ¡¢ Ê߲˵ȣ©ÇгÉС·½¿é, Çгɶ¡: Dice the beetroot (up) neatly. ½«Ìð²Ë¸ùÇгÉÕûÆëµÄС·½¿é. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) dice with death (infml ¿Ú) risk one's life ðÉúÃüΣÏÕ; Íæ¶ùÃü. dicey / 5daIsI; `daIsI/ adj (dicier, diciest) (infml ¿Ú) risky; dangerous ðÏÕµÄ; ΣÏÕµÄ: The fog made driving a bit dicey. ÔÚÕâ´óÎíÖпª³µÓÐЩΣÏÕ. dichotomy / daI5kCtEmI; daI`kBtEmI/ n ~ (between A and B) (fml ÎÄ) separation into or between two groups or things that are opposed, entirely different, etc Ò»·ÖΪ¶þ; ¶þ·Ö; ¶þ·Ö·¨: the dichotomy between peace and war ºÍƽÓëÕ½ÕùÖ®Ò»·ÖΪ¶þ * They set up a false dichotomy between working and raising a family, ie wrongly claim that one cannot do both. ËûÃÇ´íÎóµØ°Ñ¹¤×÷ÓëÑøÓý¶ùÅ®Á½Õ߶ÔÁ¢ÆðÀ´. dick / dIk; dIk/ n 1 ( infml »ä, ¿Ú) penis ¼¦°Í£¨Òõ¾¥£©. 2 (dated infml ¾É, ¿Ú esp US) detective Õì̽: The thief was caught by the hotel dick. ÄǸöÔô±»ÂõêµÄѲ²ìְԱץסÁË. dickens / 5dIkInz; `dIkInz/ n the dickens (infml euph ¿Ú, Íñ) (used to give emphasis, esp in questions) the Devil £¨ÓÃÒÔ¼ÓÇ¿ÓïÆø, ÓÈì¶ÒÉÎʾäÖУ©Ï൱ì¶the Devil: Who/What/Where the dickens is that? µ½µ×ÊÇË­[ÊÇʲ÷á/ÔÚÄĶù]? * We had the dickens of a job finding the place. ÎÒÃÇ·ÑÁ˾ÅÅ£¶þ»¢Ö®Á¦²ÅÕÒµ½ÕâµØ·½. Dickensian / dI5kenzIEn; dI`kZnzIEn/ adj of or like the novels of Dickens, which often describe eccentric characters and bad social conditions µÒ¸ü˹±ÊϵÄ; ÏñµÒ¸ü˹С˵µÄ: a Dickensian slum £¨ËÆ£©µÒ¸ü˹±ÊϵÄƶÃñ¿ß. dicker / 5dIkE(r); `dIkL/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (for sth) argue (with the seller) about the price of sth; haggle £¨ÓëÂôÖ÷£©½²¼ÛÇ®; ÌÖ¼Û»¹¼Û: She dickered (with the shopkeeper) for the best fruit. ËýÒªÂòµêÀï×îºÃµÄË®¹û¶ø£¨¸úµêÖ÷£©ÌÖ¼Û»¹¼Û. dicky (also dickey) / 5dIkI; `dIkI/ n (infml ¿Ú) 1 (also `dicky-seat) (Brit dated ¾É) small extra folding seat at the back of some old-fashioned two-seater cars £¨¾ÉʽÁ½×ùλÆû³µáᲿµÄ£©ß¡µþ¼Ó×ù. 2 (dated ¾É) false shirt-front ³ÄÉÀµÄ¼Ù½ó. dicky-bird n 1 (used by or to young children ¶ùÓï) bird Äñ¶ù. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) not say a dicky-bird => say. dicky / 5dIkI; `dIkI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (dated Brit infml ¾É, ¿Ú) not healthy or strong ²»½¡¿µµÄ; ÐéÈõµÄ; ²»½áʵµÄ; ´àÈõµÄ: That ladder looks a bit dicky. ÄÇÌÝ×Ó¿´ÆðÀ´²»Ì«½áʵ. * have a dicky heart ÐéÈõµÄÐÄÔà. dicotyledon / 9daIkCtE5li:dEn; 9daIkBtlidn/ n flowering plant that has two leaves growing from the seed at the embryo stage Ë«×ÓÒ¶Ö²Îï. Dictaphone / 5dIktEfEUn; `dIktE9fon/ n (propr רÀûÃû) machine that records speech, esp dictated letters, and plays it back so that a secretary can type it out £¨Â¼Ï¿ÚÊÚÐź¯µÈÈ»áá²¥·ÅÒÔ¹©ÃØÊé´ò³öµÄ£©Â¼Òô»ú; ¿ÚÊÚ¼Òô»ú. dictate / dIk5teIt; ?@ 5dIkteIt; `dIktet/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) say or read aloud (words to be typed, written down or recorded on tape) ¿ÚÊÚ; ¶Á³ö£¨ÎÄ×Ö, ×÷Ìýд»ò¼Òô£©: dictate a letter to one's secretary ÏòÃØÊé¿ÚÊÚПå * The teacher dictated a passage to the class. ½Ìʦ¶Á³öÒ»¶ÎÎÄÕÂÈÃÈ«°àÌýд. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) state or order sth with the force of authority Ç¿Ðй涨; Ö¸Áî; Ö¸¶¨: dictate terms to a defeated enemy ÏòÕ½°ÜµÄµÐÈËÖ¸¶¨Ìõ¼þ. 3 (phr v) dictate to sb (esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬) give orders to sb, esp in an officious way ָʹijÈË; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©ÏòijÈË·¢ºÅÊ©Áî: I refuse to be dictated to by you. ÎÒ²»Ô¸±»ÄãºôÀ´»½È¥µÄ. * You can't dictate to people how they should live. ²»ÄÜÇ¿Ðй涨ÈËÃÇÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùÉú»î. =>Usage at decree Ó÷¨¼ûdecree. dictate n / 5dIkteIt; `dIktet/ (usu pl ͨ³£×÷¸´Êý) command (esp one that reason, conscience, etc prompts one to obey) £¨ÓÈÖ¸ÔÚÀíÖÇ¡¢ Á¼ÐĵÈÇýʹϱØÐëÖ´Ðеģ©ÃüÁî, Ö¸Áî: Follow the dictates of common sense, ie Do what common sense tells you to do. °´³£Ê¶ÐÐÊÂ. dictation / dIk5teIFn; dIk`teFEn/ n 1 [U] action of giving or taking sth dictated ¿ÚÊÚ; Ìýд; ÃüÁî: shorthand dictation ËÙ¼Ç. 2 [C] passage, etc that is dictated ÓÃ×÷¿ÚÊÚ¡¢ ÌýдµÄÎÄ×Ö: three English dictations Èý¶ÎÓ¢ÓïÌýдÎÄ×Ö. dictator / dIk5teItE(r); ?@ 5dIkteItEr; `dIktetL/ n 1 ruler who has total power over his country, esp one who has obtained it by force and uses it in a cruel way ¶À²ÃÕß. 2 (fig infml ±ÈÓ÷, ¿Ú) person who insists that people do what he wants °ÔµÀµÄÈË; °®·¢ºÅÊ©ÁîÕß: Our boss is a bit of a dictator. ÎÒÃǵÄÀÏ°åÓеã°ÔµÀ. dictatorial / 9dIktE5tR:rIEl; 9dIktE`tRrIEl/ adj (a) of or like a dictator ¶À²ÃÕßµÄ; ËƶÀ²ÃÕßµÄ; ¶À²ÃµÄ: dictatorial government, powers, etc ¶À²ÃÕþÖΡ¢ ȨÁ¦µÈ. (b) fond of giving orders; domineering °®·¢ºÅÊ©ÁîµÄ; °ÔµÀµÄ; רºáµÄ; Ê¢ÆøÁèÈ˵Ä: a dictatorial teacher, manner, tone רºáµÄ½Ìʦ¡¢ ̬¶È¡¢ ÓïÆø. dictatorially / -ElI; -ElI/ adv. dictatorship n 1 [C, U] (country with) government by a dictator ¶À²ÃÕþÖÎ; רÕþ; רÖÆ; ¶À²Ã¹ú¼Ò; רÖƹú¼Ò. 2 [C] rank or office of a dictator ¶À²ÃÕߵĵØλ»òְλ. diction / 5dIkFn; `dIkFEn/ n [U] (a) style or manner of speaking or (sometimes) writing ˵»°£¨ÓÐʱÒàָд×÷£©µÄ·½Ê½; ÓïÑÔ·ç¸ñ: Clarity of diction is vital for a public speaker. ·¢ÒôÇåÎú¶ÔÑÝ˵¼ÒÖÁ¹ØÖØÒª. (b) choice and use of words ´ÊÓïµÄÑ¡Ôñ; Dz´ÊÓÃ×Ö; ´ë´Ç. dictionary / 5dIkFEnrI; ?@ -nerI; `dIkFE9nZrI/ n (a) book that lists and explains the words of a language, or gives translations of them into one or more other languages, and is usu arranged in alphabetical order ×Öµä; ´Êµä: an English dictionary Ó¢Óï´Êµä. (b) similar book that explains the terms of a particular subject רҵ´Êµä: a dictionary of architecture ½¨Öþѧ´Êµä. dictum / 5dIktEm; `dIktEm/ n (pl ~s or -ta / -tE; -tE/) (a) saying; maxim ÃûÑÔ; ¸ñÑÔ: the well-known dictum `Knowledge is power' ÖøÃûµÄ¸ñÑÔ£à֪ʶ¾ÍÊÇÁ¦Á¿£§. (b) formal expression of opinion Õýʽ·¢±íµÄȨÍþÐÔÒâ¼û. obiter dictum / 9CbItE 5dIktEm; `BbItL`dIktEm/ n (pl dicta / 5dIktE; `dIktE/) (Latin law or fml À­, ÂÉ»òÎÄ) incidental remark or statement not essential to the main argument ¸½´øÒâ¼û; ¸½ÑÔ. did pt of do. didactic / dI5dAktIk, daI-; daI`dAktIk/ adj (fml ÎÄ) 1 intended to teach ½Ìµ¼µÄ; ½Ì»åÐÔµÄ; ˵½ÌµÄ: didactic poetry, methods ½Ì»åÊ«¡¢ ½Ìµ¼·½·¨. 2 (usu derog ͨ³£×÷±áÒå) that seems to treat the listener, reader, etc like a child in school ¶Ô´ýÌýÕß¡¢ ¶ÁÕßµÈÓÐÈçСѧÉúËƵÄ; ½ÌÊéʽµÄ: I don't like her didactic way of explaining everything. ÎÒ²»Ï²»¶ËýÄÇÖÖÏñ½ÌСº¢×ÓÒ»Ñù½âÊÍÒ»Çеķ½·¨. didactically / -klI; -klI/ adv. diddle / 5dIdl; `dIdl/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (out of sth) (infml ¿Ú) cheat sb, esp in small matters ÆÛƭijÈË; £¨ÓÈÖ¸ÔÚСÊÂÉÏ£©ºåÆ­: I've been diddled! Half of these tomatoes are bad! ÎÒÉϵ±ÁË! ÕâЩ·¬ÇÑÒ»°ëÊÇ»µµÄ! * They've diddled me out of the rent! ËûÃÇÆ­È¥ÁËÎÒµÄ×â½ð! didn't => do. die / daI; daI/ n block of hard metal with a design, etc cut into it, used for shaping coins, printing-type, medals, etc or for stamping paper, leather, etc so that designs stand out from the surface ½ðÊôÄ£; Ӳģ; Ó¡Ä£; ¸ÖÓ¡. die-cast adj made by casting metal in a mould ÓÃÓ¡Ä£ÖýÔìµÄ: die-cast toys, eg small models of cars ÓÃÓ¡Ä£ÖýÔìµÄÍæ¾ß£¨ÈçСÆû³µÄ£ÐÍ£©. die / daI; daI/ v (pt, pp died, pres p dying) 1 (a) [I, Ipr] stop living; come to the end of one's life ËÀ; ËÀÍö; ËÀÈ¥: Flowers soon die without water. »¨Èç¹ûûÓÐË®ºÜ¿ì¾Í»á¿ÝËÀ. * die of an illness, hunger, grief Òò¼²²¡¡¢ ¼¢¶ö¡¢ ±¯É˶øËÀ * die from a wound ÊÜÉ˲»ÖζøËÀ * die by violence ºáËÀ * die by one's own hand, ie commit suicide ×Ô¾¡ * die for one's country Ϊ¹ú¾èÇû * die through neglect ÒòÊèºö¶øËÍÃü * die in battle ÕóÍö * one's dying wish/words/breath, ie uttered just before death ÁÙÖÕÔ¸Íû[ÒÅÑÔ/×îááÒ»¿ÚÆø] * I'll love you to my dying day, ie until I die. ÎÒ°®ÄãÖÁËÀ²»Óå. (b) [La, Ln] be (sth) when one dies ËÀʱ´¦ì¶£¨Ä³ÖÖ״̬£©; ËÀʱ¾ß±¸£¨Ä³ÖÖÉí·Ö£©: die happy, poor, young, etc ÔÚÐÒ¸£ÖС¢ ÇîÀ§ÖС¢ ÄêÇáʱ...ËÀÍö * die a beggar, martyr, etc ÔÚÆòÌÖÉú»îÖÐËÀÈ¥¡¢ ѳµÀ. (c) [Tn] have (a particular kind of death) ÒÔ£¨Ä³ËÀÍö·½Ê½£©¶øÖÕ: die a lingering, natural, violent, etc death ÃÖÁôÐí¾ÃááËÀÈ¥¡¢ ÊÙÖÕÕýÇÞ¡¢ ºáËÀ. 2 [I] (fig ±ÈÓ÷) cease to exist; disappear ²»¸´´æÔÚ; Ïûʧ; ÏûÍö: love that will never die ÓÀ²»Ö¹Ï¢µÄ°® * dying traditions, customs, etc Ðн«ÏûʧµÄ´«Í³¡¢ Ï°Ë×µÈ * His secret died with him, ie He died without telling it to anyone. ËûµÄÃØÃÜËæËûһͬÈëÍÁÁË. * The flame died, ie went out. »ðϨÁË. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) be dying for sth/to do sth have a strong desire for sth ¼«Ïë; ¿ÊÍû: I'm dying for something to eat. ÎÒ¼«Ïë³Ôµã¶«Î÷. * She's dying to know where you've been. Ëý¼«ÏëÖªµÀÄãµ½ÄĶùÈ¥ÁË. die the `death (jocÚÊ) end suddenly and completely ͻȻÖÐÖ¹; ê©È»¶øÖ¹: After getting bad reviews the play quickly died the death. Õâ³öÏ·Ôâµ½¶ñÆÀáá, ºÜ¿ì¾ÍÊÙÖÕÕýÇÞÁË. die `hard only be changed, disappear, etc with great difficulty ºÜÄѸı䡢 ÏûʧµÈ; Íç¹Ì; ËÀÓ²: Old habits die hard. »ýÏ°ÄÑÒÆ. die in one's `bed die of old age or illness ÀÏËÀ; ²¡¹Ê. die in `harness die while still working ÔÚ¹¤×÷ÆÚ¼äËÀÈ¥; ËÀ춸Úλ. die laughing (infml ¿Ú) laugh a lot ЦËÀÁË: It was so funny, I nearly died laughing. Ì«ºÃÍæÁË, ÎÒ²îµãЦËÀÁË. die/fall/drop like flies => fly1. die with one's `boots on/in one's `boots die while still vigorous and active ±©±Ð. one's last/dying breath => breath. never say die => say. 4 (phr v) die away become so faint or weak that it is no longer noticeable ¼õÈõ£¨ÒÔÖÁ²ì¾õ²»µ½£©; µ­»¯: The noise of the car died away in the distance. Æû³µµÄÉùÒôÏûʧÔÚÔ¶·½. * The breeze has died away. ΢·ç½¥½¥Ö¹×¡ÁË. die down gradually become less strong, loud, noticeable, etc Öð½¥¼õÈõ¡¢ ½µµÍ¡¢ ²ì¾õ²»µ½µÈ: flames, storms, pain dying down »ðÑæÔ½À´Ô½Ð¡¡¢ ·ç±©½¥½¥¼õÈõ¡¢ ÌÛÍ´Öð½¥Ïûʧ * These rumours will soon die down. ÕâЩҥÑÔ²»¾Ã¾Í»áÖð½¥Ïûʧ. die off die one by one Ò»Ò»ËÀÈ¥; ÏÈááËÀÈ¥: The members of the family had all died off. Õâ¼ÒÈËÒ»¸ö¸ö¶¼ËÀÁË. die out (a) (of a family, species, etc) no longer have any members left alive £¨Ö¸¼Ò×å¡¢ ÎïÖֵȣ©ËÀ¹â, Ãð¾ø, ¾ø¼£: The moth's habitat is being destroyed and it has nearly died out. ÕâÖÖ¶ê×ÓÒòÆÜÏ¢µØÕýÊܵ½ÆÆ»µ, ¼¸ºõ¾øÖÖÁË. (b) (of a custom, practice, etc) no longer be common £¨Ö¸Ï°Ëס¢ ×ö·¨µÈ£©Ïûʧ, ¹ýʱ: The old traditions are dying out. ¾É´«Í³ÕýÔÚÏûʧ. die-hard n person who is stubborn, esp in resisting change Íç¹Ì·Ö×Ó, ËÀÓ²·Ö×Ó£¨ÓÈÖ¸·´¶Ô±ä¸ïÕߣ©: A few die-hards are trying to stop the reforms. һС´éËÀÓ²ÅÉÆóͼÖÐÖ¹¸Ä¸ï. * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a die-hard conservative, campaigner, sceptic ËÀÓ²µÄ±£ÊØ·Ö×Ó¡¢ ¸ãÔ˶¯µÄÈË¡¢ »³ÒÉÂÛÕß. die / daI; daI/ n 1 (dated ¾É) = dice. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) the die is cast (saying Ñè) a decision has been made and cannot be changed ÊÂÒѾö¶¨, ²»¿É¸ü¸Ä; ľÒѳÉÖÛ. straight as an arrow/a die = straight1. sine die / 9saInI 5daIi:, 9sInI 5di:eI; `saInI`daIi/ (fml esp law ÎÄ, ÓÈÓÃ춷¨ÂÉ) without a date being fixed; indefinitely ÎÞÈ·¶¨ÈÕÆÚµØ; ÎÞÏÞÆÚµØ: adjourn a meeting sine die ÎÞÏÞÆÚÐÝ»á. dieresis (US) = diaeresis. diesel / 5di:zl; `dizl/ n 1 [C] (also `diesel engine) oil-burning engine (used eg for buses and locomotives) in which fuel is ignited by sudden compression ²ñÓÍ»ú: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a diesel lorry, train, etc ²ñÓÍ»úÔË»õ¿¨³µ¡¢ »ð³µµÈ. 2 [U] (also `diesel fuel, `diesel oil) heavy fuel oil used in diesel engines ²ñÓÍ. 3 [C] locomotive, motor vehicle or ship that uses diesel fuel ²ñÓÍ»ú»ú³µ¡¢ »ú¶¯³µ»ò´¬. diesel-electric adj driven by electric current from a generator driven by a diesel engine ÓòñÓÍ·¢µç»úÇý¶¯µÄ: a diesel-electric train ²ñÓ͵çÁ¦Çý¶¯µÄ»ð³µ. diet / 5daIEt; `daIEt/ n 1 [C] sort of food that is usually eaten (by a person, community, etc) £¨Ä³ÈË¡¢ ¹²Í¬Éú»îµÄÈ˵ȣ©Í¨³£³ÔµÄʳÎï; ÈÕ³£Ê³Îï: the Japanese diet of rice, vegetables and fish Ãס¢ Ê߲ˡ¢ ÓãµÈÈÕ±¾È˳£³ÔµÄʳÎï * Too rich a diet (ie Too much rich food) is not good for you. ³ÔÌ«¶àÓÍÄåµÄʳÎï¶ÔÄãÉíÌå²»ºÃ. * illnesses caused by poor diet ÒûʳǷ¼Ñµ¼Öµļ²²¡. 2 [C] limited variety or amount of food that a person is allowed to eat, eg for medical reasons or in order to lose weight ÏÞ¶¨µÄʳÎïÖÖÀà»òÊýÁ¿, ¹æ¶¨Ê³Æ×£¨ÈçΪÖÎÁƼ²²¡»ò¼õÇáÌåÖصģ©: a salt-free diet ÎÞÑÎʳÆ× * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] diet aids ʳÁÆ. 3 [sing] ~ of sth (fig ±ÈÓ÷) so much of sth that it becomes boring or unpleasant ¶àµÃÁîÈËÉúÑáµÄÊÂÎï: the constant diet of soap operas on TV ¶àµÃʹÈËÄå·³µÄµçÊÓÁ¬Ðø¾ç. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) (be/go/put sb) on a diet allowed to eat only some foods or a little food, because of illness or to lose weight Óù涨ʳÆ×, ¿ØÖÆÒûʳ, ½Úʳ£¨Òò²¡»òΪ¼õÇáÌåÖØ£©: The doctor says I've got to go on a diet. Ò½Éú˵ÎҵýÚʳ. diet v [I] (be allowed to) eat only some foods or a little food, esp to lose weight Ö»£¨×¼£©³ÔijÀàʳÎï»òÉÙÁ¿Ê³Îï; £¨ÓÈָΪ¼õÇáÌåÖØ£©½Úʳ: You ought to diet and take more exercise. ÄãÓ¦¸Ã½Úʳ²¢¶à×öÔ˶¯. dietary / 5daIEtErI; ?@ -erI; `daIE9tZrI/ adj: dietary habits Òûʳϰ¹ß * dietary rules, eg forbidding certain foods Òûʳ¹æ¶¨£¨Èç½ûʳijЩʳÎ. dietetic / 9daIE5tetIk; 9daIE`tZtIk/ adj of diet and nutrition ÒûʳµÄ; Ìض¨ÒûʳµÄ; ÓªÑøµÄ. dietetics n [sing v] science of diet and nutrition Òûʳѧ; ÓªÑøѧ. dietician (also dietitian) / 9daIE5tIFn; 9daIE`tIFEn/ n expert in dietetics Òûʳѧ¼Ò; ÓªÑøѧ¼Ò. diet / 5daIEt; `daIEt/ n 1 (esp formerly) series of meetings to discuss national, international or church affairs £¨ÓÈÖ¸¾Éʱ£©ÌÖÂÛ¹úÄÚ¡¢ ¹ú¼Ê»ò×Ú½ÌÊÂÎñµÄһϵÁлáÒé, ´ó»á. 2 law-making assembly in certain countries, eg Japan £¨ÈÕ±¾µÈ¹úµÄ£©¹ú»á, Òé»á. differ / 5dIfE(r); `dIfL/ v [I, Ipr] 1 ~ (from sb/sth) not be the same (as sb/sth); be unlike £¨ÓëijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©²»Í¬, ²»Ò»Ñù, ÓÐÇø±ð; ²»Ïñ; ÏàÒì: The brothers differ widely in their tastes. ËûÃǵÜÐֵİ®ºÃ´óÏྶͥ. * Tastes differ, ie Different people like different things. È˸÷ÓÐËùºÃ. * have differing tastes, views, etc Óв»Í¬µÄ°®ºÃ¡¢ ¹ÛµãµÈ * In this respect, French differs from English/French and English differ. ÔÚÕâ·½Ãæ, ·¨Óﲻͬì¶Ó¢Óï[·¨ÓïÓëÓ¢ÓïÓÐÇø±ð]. 2 ~ (with/from sb) (about/on sth) disagree; not share the same opinion ²»Í¬Òâ; ³ÖÒìÒé: I'm sorry to differ with you on that. ¶Ô²»Æð, ÔÚÄÇÒ»µãÉÏÎÒÓëÄã¿´·¨²»Í¬. * We differ on many things. ÎÒÃÇÔںܶàÊÂÇéÉÏÒâ¼û¶¼²»Ò»ÖÂ. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) agree to differ => agree. I beg to differ => beg. difference / 5dIfrEns; `dIfrEns/ n 1 [C] ~ (between A and B); ~ (in/of sth) state or way in which two people or things are not the same, or in which sb/sth has changed ²î±ð; ²îÒì; ²»Í¬Ö®´¦; ±ä»¯; ±ä»¯Ö®´¦: the marked differences between the two children Á½¸öº¢×ÓÖ®¼äµÄÏÔÖø²î±ð * Did you notice a difference (in her)? Äã×¢Òâµ½£¨Ëý£©ÓÐʲ÷á±ä»¯Âð? * It's easy to tell the difference (ie distinguish) between butter and margarine. Çø±ð»ÆÓͺÍÈËÔì»ÆÓÍÊǺÜÈÝÒ×µÄ. * a difference of approach ·½·¨µÄ²»Í¬. 2 [C, U] ~ (in sth) (between A and B) amount or degree in which two things are not the same or sth has changed ²î¾à; ²î¶î; ±ä»¯³Ì¶È: There's an age difference of six years between them, ie One of them is six years older than the other. ËûÃÇÁ©Ïà²îÁùËê. * I'll lend you 90% of the money and you'll have to find the difference, ie the other 10%. ÎÒ½è¸øÄãÕâ±ÊÇ®µÄ90%, ÆäÓàµÄ£¨10%£©Äã×Ô¼º½â¾ö. * We measured the difference(s) in temperature. ÎÒÃDzâÁ¿ÁËζȵı仯. * There's not much difference in price between the two computers. ÕâÁ½ÖÖ¼ÆËã»ú¼Û¸ñû¶à´ó²î±ð. 3 [C] ~ (between A and B) (over sth) disagreement, often involving a quarrel Òâ¼û²»ºÏ, ÕùÖ´£¨³£ÒýÆðÕù³³Õߣ©: Settle your differences and be friends again. ÄãÃÇÏû³ý·ÖÆç, ÑÔ¹é춺ðÕ. * We had a difference of opinion (ie argued) over who had won. ÎÒÃÇÔÚ¾¿¾¹ÊÇË­»ñʤµÄÎÊÌâÉÏ·¢ÉúÁËÕùÖ´. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) as near as makes no difference => near2. for all the `difference it/sth makes considering how little difference it/sth makes ¼øì¶ÄÇÊÂÎï[ijÊÂÎï]×÷ÓÃÉõ΢; ¾¡¹ÜÓÐËù²î±ð. make a, no, some, etc difference (to sb/sth) (a) have an, no, some, etc effect (on sb/sth) £¨¶ÔijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©ÓС¢ ûÓС¢ ÓÐЩ...×÷ÓûòÓ°Ïì: The rain didn't make much difference (to the game). ÕⳡÓ꣨¶Ô±ÈÈü£©Ã»¶à´óÓ°Ïì. * The sea air has made a difference to (ie improved) her health. º£ÉϵĿÕÆø¸ÄÉÆÁËËýµÄ½¡¿µ×´¿ö. * A hot bath makes all the difference (ie makes you feel better) in the morning. ÉÏÎçÏ´¸öÈÈË®ÔèÄÜÈÃÈ˾«ÉñÕñ·Ü. (b) be important, unimportant, etc (to sb/sth); matter £¨¶ÔijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©ÖØÒª¡¢ ²»ÖØÒªµÈ; Òª½ô¡¢ ²»Òª½ôµÈ: It makes no difference (to me) what you say: I'm not going. ²»¹ÜÄãÔõ÷á˵£¨¶ÔÎÒÀ´Ëµ£©¶¼ÎÞËùν, ·´ÕýÎÒ²»È¥. * It won't make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. Äã½ñÌìÈ¥Ò²ºÃ, Ã÷ÌìÈ¥Ò²ºÃ, ¹Øϵ²»´ó. * Does that make any difference? ie Is it important, need we consider it? ÄÇÒª½ôÂð? * Yes, it makes all the difference, ie is very important. ÊǵÄ, ·Ç³£ÖØÒª. make a difference between treat differently Çø±ð¶Ô´ý; ²»Í¬Ñù¶Ô´ý: She makes no difference between her two sons. Ëý¶ÔÁ½¸ö¶ù×ÓÒ»ÊÓͬÈÊ. sink one's differences => sink1. split the difference => split. with a `difference (following ns ÓÃì¶Ãû´ÊÖ®áá) special; unusual ÌرðµÄ; ÓëÖÚ²»Í¬µÄ: She's an opera singer with a difference: she can act well! ËýÕâ¸ö¸è¾çÑݳª¼ÒÓëÖÚ²»Í¬, ÒòΪËý»¹Éó¤±íÑÝ! different / 5dIfrEnt; `dIfrEnt/ adj 1 ~ (from/to sb/sth); esp US ~ (than sb/sth) not the same (as sb/sth) ²»Í¬µÄ; ²»Ò»ÑùµÄ; ÓÐÇø±ðµÄ: the same product with a different name Ãû³Æ²»Í¬µÄͬһÖÖ²úÆ· * The room looks different with the furniture gone. ¼Ò¾ß°á×ßÖ®áá, Õâ·¿¼ä±äÁËÑùÁË. * Their tastes are different from/to mine. ËûÃǵİ®ºÃÓëÎҵIJ»Í¬. * She is wearing a different dress every time I see her. ÎÒÿ´Î¼ûµ½Ëýʱ, Ëý´©µÄÒ·þ¶¼²»ÖØÑù. 2 separate; distinct ·Ö±ðµÄ; ±Ë´Ë·Ö¿ªµÄ; ¸÷²»ÏàͬµÄ: I called on three different occasions, but he was out. ÎÒ´òÁËÈý´Îµç»°, Ëû¶¼²»ÔÚ. * They are sold in different colours, ie a variety of colours. ÕâÅú»õÓжàÖÖÑÕÉ«¹©Ñ¡¹º. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) (as) ,different as ,chalk and/from `cheese completely different Ìì²îµØÔ¶; åÄÈ»²»Í¬. a (very) different kettle of fish (infml ¿Ú) a completely different person or thing from the one previously mentioned ÓëËùÌá¼°µÄÈË»òÊÂÎïÍêÈ«²»Í¬Õß; ÁíÒ»ÂëÊÂ. know different => know. sing a different song/tune => sing. differently adv. different NOTE ON USAGE Ó÷¨: British and US English differ as regards the prepositions used after different. ½ÓÔÚdifferentááÃæµÄ½é´Ê, ÔÚӢʽӢÓïºÍÃÀʽӢÓïÖÐÓÐËù²»Í¬. 1 Before a noun or adverbial phrase, both from and to are acceptable in British English. ÈôÓÃÔÚÃû´Ê»ò×´Óï¶ÌÓïÇ°, ӢʽӢÓïʹÓÃfromºÍto¾ù¿É. Some speakers prefer from. ÓеÄÈËϲ»¶ÓÃfrom. Different than is not usual *different thanÔò²»³£ÓÃ: He's very different from/to his brother. Ëû¸úËû¸ç¸çºÜ²»Í¬. * This visit is very different from/to last time. Õâ´ÎµÄ·ÃÎÊÓëÉϴδó²»Ò»Ñù. In US English than is commonly used (not to) ÔÚÃÀʽӢÓïÖÐ, thanʹÓõýÏÆձ飨toÔò²»³£¼û£©: Your trains are different from/than ours. ÄãÃǵĻ𳵸úÎÒÃǵIJ»Ò»Ñù. * You look different than before. Äã¿´ÉÏÈ¥¸ú´ÓÇ°²»Í¬ÁË. 2 In both varieties, but especially in US English, than is an alternative to from before a clause ÔÚÒÔÉÏÁ½ÖÖÓ¢ÓïÖÐ, ÓÈÆäÊÇÃÀʽӢÓï, ´Ó¾äÇ°¼È¿ÉÓÃfromÒà¿ÉÓÃthan: His appearance was very different from what I'd expected/His appearance was very different than I'd expected. ËûµÄÈÝòÓëÎÒÏëÏñµÄÏàÈ¥ÉõÔ¶. differential / 9dIfE5renFl; 9dIfE`rZnFEl/ adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] of, showing or depending on a difference ²»Í¬µÄ; ÓзֱðµÄ; »ù춲î±ðµÄ; Çø±ðÐÔµÄ: differential treatment of applicants for jobs, eg varying according to their education, etc ¶ÔÇóÖ°ÕßÇø±ð¶Ô´ý£¨Èç¸ù¾ÝѧÀúµÈ£© * Non-EEC countries pay a higher differential tariff. Å·ÖÞ¾­¼Ã¹²Í¬ÌåÒÔÍâµÄ¹ú¼ÒÐ븶¸ß춳ÉÔ±¹úµÄ²î±ð¹ØË°. differential n 1 (also differential wage) (esp Brit) difference in rates of pay for different types of work or workers £¨²»Í¬¹¤ÖÖ»ò¹¤È˵ģ©¹¤×ʼ¶²î: a dispute about the differential between men and women workers ÓйØÄÐÅ®¹¤²»Í¬³êµÄÕùÒé. 2 (also ,differential `gear) gear enabling a vehicle's back wheels to turn at different speeds when going round corners £¨³µÁ¾×ªÍäʱʹÁ½ááÂÖÒÔ²»Í¬ËÙ¶Èת¶¯µÄ£©²îËÙÆ÷. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page xii. differential calculus (mathematics Êý) branch of calculus concerned with calculating rates of change, maximum and minimum values, etc ΢·Ö£¨Ñ§£©. Cf ²Î¿´ integral calculus (integral). differentiate / 9dIfE5renFIeIt; 9dIfE`rZnFI9et/ v 1 (a) [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ between A and B; ~ A (from B) see or show (two things) to be different; show sth to be different (from sth else) ¿´³ö»òÖ¸³ö£¨Á½Õߣ©²»Í¬; ±æ±ð; Çø±ð; Çø·Ö: Can you differentiate between the two varieties? ÄãÄܱæ±ðÕâÁ½¸öÆ·ÖÖÂð? * Can you differentiate one variety from the other? ÄãÄܽ«ÕâÁ½¸öÆ·ÖÖÇø±ð¿ªÀ´Âð? * One character is not clearly differentiated from another. ÈËÎïÖ®¼äµÄÇø±ðûÓÐÃ÷ÏÔ¿Ì»®³öÀ´. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) be a mark of difference between (people or things); distinguish ¹¹³É£¨ÈË»òÊÂÎ¼äµÄ²î±ð; ʹ£¨ÈË»òÊÂÎÓвî±ð: The male's orange beak differentiates it from the female. ÄÇÖÖÄñÐÛÄñµÄ๳ʳÈÉ«, Óë´ÆÄñ²»Í¬. 2 [Ipr] ~ between A and B treat (people or things) in a different way, esp unfairly; discriminate Çø±ð¶Ô´ý£¨ÈË»òÊÂÎ£¨ÓÈÖ¸²»¹«Æ½µØ£©: It is wrong to differentiate between people according to their family background. ¸ù¾Ý³öÉí²»Í¬¶øÇø±ð´ýÈËÊDz»¶ÔµÄ. differentiation / 9dIfErenFI5eIFn;9dIfE9rZnFI`eFEn/ n [U]. difficult / 5dIfIkElt; `dIfEkElt/ adj 1 ~ (to do sth) (of tasks) requiring effort or skill; not easy £¨Ö¸ÈÎÎñ£©ÐèÒª¾«Á¦»ò¼¼ÊõµÄ; À§ÄѵÄ; ²»Ò×µÄ: a difficult problem, language, translation ÄÑÌâ¡¢ ÄÑѧµÄÓïÑÔ¡¢ ÄÑ×öµÄ·­Òë * She finds it difficult to stop smoking. Ëý¾õµÃ½äÑ̺ܲ»ÈÝÒ×. * This mountain is difficult to climb/It is difficult to climb this mountain. Õâ×ùɽºÜÄÑÅÀ[ÅÀÕâ×ùɽ¿É²»ÈÝÒ×]. * Their refusal puts us in a difficult position. ËûÃǾܾøáá, ÎÒÃDZãÏÝÈëÁËÀ§¾³. * They made it difficult for me to see her. ËûÃÇ´ÓÖÐ×÷¹£, ÈÃÎÒ²»Ò×¼ûµ½Ëý. * 13 is a difficult age, ie Children have problems then. 13ËêÊǸö³öÂé·³µÄÄêÁä. 2 (of people) not easy to please or satisfy; unwilling to co-operate £¨Ö¸ÈË£©²»Ò×È¡ÔõÄ, ²»Ò×Âú×ãµÄ, ²»Ò×Ïà´¦µÄ, ²»Ô¸ºÏ×÷µÄ, Ö´ÞÖµÄ: a difficult child, customer, boss, etc ÄѺåµÄСº¢¡¢ ÄѶԸ¶µÄ¹Ë¿Í¡¢ ÄÑÌֺõÄÉÏ˾ * Don't be difficult: just lend us the money. ±ðÄÑΪÈËÁË, »¹ÊÇ°ÑÇ®½è¸øÎÒÃÇ°Õ. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) easy/difficult of approach => approach. difficulty / 5dIfIkEltI; `dIfE9kEltI/ n 1 [U] ~ (in sth/in doing sth) state or quality of being difficult; trouble or effort that sth involves À§ÄÑ; ¼èÄÑ; À§ÄÑÐÔ; ÄѶÈ: the sheer difficulty of the task ÕâÏîÈÎÎñµÄ¸ßÄÑ¶È * Bad planning will lead to difficulty later. ¼Æ»®²»ÉÆ»á¸ø½ñáá´øÀ´À§ÄÑ. * do sth with/without difficulty ·Ñ¾¢µØ[²»·Ñ¾¢µØ]×öijÊ * She got the door open, but only with some difficulty. Ëýµ¹ÊÇ°ÑÃÅ´ò¿ªÁË, µ«È´»¨ÁËЩÁ¦Æø. * I had the greatest difficulty in persuading her. ÎÒΪÁË˵·þËý, ·ÑÁ˺ôóµÄ¾¢. * We had no difficulty (in) finding the house. ÎÒÃǺÁ²»·Ñ¾¢µØÕÒµ½ÁËÄÇËù·¿×Ó. 2 [C usu pl ͨ³£×÷¸´Êý] difficult thing to do, understand or deal with ÄÑ×ö¡¢ ÄѶ®¡¢ ÄÑÓ¦¸¶µÄÊÂ; ÄÑÊÂ; Äѵã; ÄÑÌâ: the difficulties of English syntax Ó¢Óï¾ä·¨µÄÄѵã * be working under some difficulty, ie in difficult circumstances ÔÚ¼è¿àµÄÌõ¼þϹ¤×÷ * She met with many difficulties when travelling. ËýÔÚÂÃÐÐʱÓöµ½ÁËÐí¶àÉËÄÔ½îµÄÊÂ. * financial difficulties, ie problems about money ²ÆÎñÀ§ÄÑ * We got into difficulty/difficulties with the rent, ie found it hard to pay. ÎÒÃǸ¶²»³ö×âÇ®ÁË. * I want to marry her, but my parents are making/creating difficulties, ie making things hard for us. ÎÒÏëÈ¢Ëý, µ«ÎÒ¸¸Ä¸´ÓÖÐ×èÄÓ. diffident / 5dIfIdEnt; `dIfEdEnt/ adj ~ (about sth) not having or showing much belief in one's own abilities; lacking self-confidence ¶Ô×Ô¼ºµÄÄÜÁ¦È±·¦ÐÅÐĵÄ; ¶³öÇÓ̬µÄ; ȱ·¦×ÔÐŵÄ: an able but diffident young student Äܸɵ«È±·¦×ÔÐŵÄÇàÄêѧÉú * Don't be so diffident about your talents. ±ð¶Ô×Ô¼ºµÄ²ÅÄÜÈç´Ëȱ·¦ÐÅÐÄ. diffidence / -dEns; -dEns/ n [U]. diffidently adv. diffract / dI5frAkt; dI`frAkt/ v [Tn] break up (a beam of light) into a series of dark and light bands or into the coloured bands of the spectrum ʹ£¨Ò»Êø¹â£©ÑÜÉ䣨¼´½« Ò»Êø¹â·Ö½âΪһϵÁÐÃ÷°µÓбðµÄ¹â´ø»òÓÐÉ«µÄ¹âÆ×Æ×´ø, ¾É×÷ÈÆÉ䣩. diffraction / dI5frAkFn; dI`frAkFEn/ n [U]. diffuse / dI5fju:z; dI`fjuz/ v 1 [Tn] spread (sth) all around; send out in all directions É¢²¼; ´«²¥: diffuse a scent, an odour, light, heat, learning, knowledge É¢·¢ÏãÆø¡¢ É¢·¢Æøζ¡¢ ´«Ë͹⡢ ´«µ¼ÈÈ¡¢ ´«ÊÚѧÎÊ¡¢ ´«²¥ÖªÊ¶ * He diffuses enthusiasm all around him. ËûÈÈÇé±¼·Å. * posters diffusing party propaganda Õþµ³µÄÐû´«º£±¨ * diffused lighting, ie not coming directly from one source ÂþÉä¹âÕÕÃ÷£¨·ÇÖ±½ÓÀ´×Ôµ¥Ò»µÄ¹âÔ´£©. 2 [I, Tn] (cause gases or liquids to) mix slowly ʹ£¨ÆøÌå»òÒºÌ壩ÂýÂý»ìºÏ, À©É¢: A drop of milk diffused in the water, and it became cloudy. Ò»µÎÄÌÔÚË®ÖÐÀ©É¢¿ªÀ´, ʹˮ±äµÃ»ì×Dz»ÇåÁË. diffusion / dI5fju:Vn; dI`fjuVEn/ n [U] diffusing or being diffused É¢²¼; ´«²¥; ÃÖÂþ; À©É¢: the diffusion of knowledge through books and lectures ͨ¹ýÊé±¾ºÍÊڿνøÐеÄ֪ʶ´«²¥ * the diffusion of gases and liquids ÆøÌåºÍÒºÌåµÄÀ©É¢. diffuse / dI5fju:s; dI`fjus/ adj 1 spread out; not concentrated É¢¿ªµÄ; ²»¼¯ÖеÄ; ÂþÉäµÄ; À©É¢µÄ: diffuse light ÂþÉä¹â. 2 using too many words; not concise ¶ÑÆö´ÊÔåµÄ; ²»¼ò½àµÄ; Èß׸µÄ: a diffuse writer, style ÐÐÎÄÈß׸µÄ×÷Õß¡¢ Èß׸µÄÎÄÌå. diffusely adv. diffuseness n [U]. dig / dIg; dI^/ v (-gg-; pt, pp dug / dQg; dQ^/) 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] use one's hands, a spade, a machine, etc to break up and move (earth, etc); advance by doing this ÍÚ, ¾ò£¨ÄàÍÁµÈ£©: I spent the morning digging. ÎÒÕû¸öÉÏÎ綼ÔÚ²»Í£µØÍÚ. * They are digging through the hill to make a tunnel. ËûÃÇÕýÔÚÔäɽ½¨Ò»ÌõËíµÀ. * dig down into the soil ÍùÍÁÀïÉîÍÚ * It is difficult to dig the ground when it is frozen. µØÃ涳סÁ˾Ͳ»Ò×ÍÚ¾ò. * dig the soil away from the bottom of the wall ½«Ç½¸ùµÄÄàÍÚ³öÀ´. (b) [Tn] make (a hole, etc) by doing this ÍÚ³ö£¨¶´µÈ£©; Ôä³ö; ´ò£¨¶´£©: dig a pit, tunnel, shaft, etc ÍÚ¿Ó¡¢ ËíµÀ¡¢ Éý½µ¾®µÈ. (c) [Ipr] ~ for sth search for (gold, etc) by doing this ²É¾ò̽Ѱ£¨»Æ½ðµÈ£©; ̽¿ó: We are digging for mineral deposits. ÎÒÃÇÕýÔÚ¾òµØ̽¿ó. 2 (dated infml ¾É, ¿Ú) (a) [Tn] enjoy (sth); appreciate ϲ»¶£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ; ÐÀÉÍ: I don't dig modern jazz. ÎÒ²»Ï²»¶ÏÖ´ú¾ôÊ¿ÀÖ. (b) [I, Tn] understand (sth) Ã÷°×£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ; ¶®: I don't dig that crazy stuff. ÎÒ²»¶®ÄÇÖÖûÒâ˼µÄÍæÒâ¶ù. * You dig? Ä㶮ÁËÂð? 3 (idm Ï°Óï) ,dig one's `heels/`toes in be stubborn; refuse to give in ¹ÌÖ´ÒѼû; ´ç²½²»ÈÃ. dig sb in the ribs nudge or prod sb hard in the side ÓÃÖâÅö»ò´ÁijÈ˵ÄÀß²¿. dig one's own grave do sth which causes one's own downfall ×Ô¾ò·ØĹ; ×ÔÈ¡ÃðÍö. 4 (phr v) dig in; dig into sth (infml ¿Ú) (begin to) eat hungrily or enthusiastically £¨¿ªÊ¼£©Ì°À·µØ³Ô, ½ò½òÓÐζµØ³Ô: The food's ready, so dig in! ³ÔµÄŪºÃÁË, ·ÅÁ¿³Ô°Õ! dig sth in; dig sth into sth (a) mix sth with soil by digging ÔÚ·­µØʱ½«Ä³Îï»ìÈëÍÁÈÀÖÐ: The manure should be well dug in. ÔÚ·­µØʱӦ°Ñ·ÊÁϾùÔȵػìÈëÍÁÈÀÖÐ. (b) push or thrust sth into sth ÍÆÈë; ²åÈë; ´Á½ø; ´ÌÈë: dig a fork into a pie ÓòͲæ²æÏÚ±ý * The rider dug his spurs into the horse's flank. ÆïÂíÕßÓÃÑ¥´Ì´ÁÁË´ÁÂíµÄ²à¸¹. * The dog dug its teeth in. ÄÇÖ»¹·Ò»¿ÚÒ§ÏÂÈ¥. dig oneself in (a) (military ¾ü) (of soldiers) protect oneself by digging a trench, etc £¨Ö¸Ê¿±ø£©ÍÚº¾¹µµÈÒÔÑÚ±Î×Ô¼º, ÍÚÑÚÌå. (b) (infml ¿Ú) establish oneself securely (in a place, job, etc) £¨ÔÚְλ¡¢ ¹¤×÷µÈ·½Ã棩ʹ×Ô¼ºÕ¾ÎȽŸú, ¹®¹Ì×Ô¼ºµÄµØλ: He has dug himself in well at the college now. Èç½ñËûÔÚѧԺÒÑվס½ÅÁË. dig sb/sth out (of sth) (a) get sb/sth out by digging ÍÚ³öijÈË[ijÎï]: They dug the potatoes out (of the ground). ËûÃÇ£¨´ÓµØÀÍÚ³öÁËÂíÁåÊí. * He was buried by an avalanche and had to be dug out. ËûÓöÑ©±À±»ÂñסÁË, µÃ°ÑËûÍÚ³öÀ´. (b) get sth by searching or study Ëѳö»ò×êÑгöijÊÂÎï; ̽Ë÷; ²éÃ÷: dig information out of books and reports ´ÓÊéºÍ±¨¸æÖвéÕÒ×ÊÁÏ * dig out the truth ̽Ã÷ʵÇé. (c) (infml ¿Ú) take out (sth not easy to get at) È¡³ö£¨²»Ò×ÕÒµ½µÄ¶«Î÷£©; ·­³ö: dig out an old photo from the drawer ´Ó³éÌëÖз­³öÒ»ÕžÉÕÕƬ. dig sth over prepare (ground) thoroughly by digging ·­ÍÚ£¨ÍÁµØ£©; ÅÙµØ: dig the garden over ¸ø»¨Ô°·­µØ. dig sth up (a) break up (soil, etc) by digging ÍÚ¾ò£¨ÄàÍÁµÈ£©; ¿ÑµØ: dig up land for a new garden Ϊ½¨Ò»×ùл¨Ô°¶ø¿ÑµØ. (b) remove (sth) from the ground by digging ´ÓµØÀïÍÚ³ö£¨Ä³Î: We dug up the tree by its roots. ÎÒÃǽ«Ê÷Á¬¸ùÍÚÆð. (c) reveal and remove from the ground by digging (sth that has been buried or hidden) ´ÓµØÀïÍÚ¾ò³ö£¨ÑÚÂñ»ò²ØÆðµÄ¶«Î÷£©; ¾òµ½: An old Greek statue was dug up here last month. ÉϸöÔÂÔÚÕâ¶ùÍÚ³öÁËÒ»×ð¹ÅÏ£À°µñÏñ. (d) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) discover (information, etc); reveal sth ÕÒ³ö£¨Ç鱨µÈ£©; ͸¶ijÊÂ: Newspapers love to dig up scandal. ±¨Ö½¾ÍÊÇ°®°Ñ³óʶù½Ò³öÀ´. dig / dIg; dI^/ n 1 (a) poke; prod ´Á; ´Ì; µ·: give sb a dig in the ribs ´ÁijÈ˵ÄÀß²¿. (b) ~ (at sb) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) remark that is meant to irritate or upset sb ¹ÊÒâÈÃijÈËÉúÆøµÄÑÔÓï; ÄÕÈ˵Ļ°; ÍÚ¿à: She makes mean little digs at him. Ëý³åËû˵һЩ¿Ì±¡µÄÍÚ¿à»°. 2 (a) act of digging ÍÚ; ¾ò; ·­ÍÚ; ´Ì; ´Á: I gave the vegetable plot a quick dig. ÎҰѲ˵غܿ췭ÁËÒ»±é. (b) site being explored by archaeologists ¿¼¹Å·¢¾òµØ. digest / 5daIdVest; `daIdVZst/ n short condensed account; summary ÕªÒª; ¸ÅÒª: a digest of the week's news Ò»ÖÜÐÂÎÅÕªÒª. digest / dI5dVest, daI-; dE`dVZst, daI-/ v 1 (a) [Tn] change (food) in the stomach and bowels so that it can be used by the body Ïû»¯£¨Ê³Î: Fish is easy to digest when you're ill. Éú²¡Ê±³ÔÓãÈÝÒ×Ïû»¯. (b) [I] (of food) be changed in this way £¨Ö¸Ê³Î±»Ïû»¯: It takes hours for a meal to digest. Ò»¶Ù·¹Òª¼¸Ð¡Ê±²ÅÄÜÏû»¯µô. 2 [Tn] take (information) in mentally; fully understand ÎüÊÕ£¨ÐÅÏ¢£©; ÍêÈ«Àí½â; ³¹µ×Áì»á: Have you digested the report yet? Õâ¸ö±¨¸æÄã³Ô͸ÁËÂð? digestible / dI5dVestEbl, daI-; dE`dVZstEbl, daI-/ adjthat can be digested ¿ÉÏû»¯µÄ; ¿ÉÎüÊÕµÄ. digestibility /dI 9dVestE5bIlEtI, daI-; dE9dVZstE`bIlEtI, daI-/ n [U]. digestion / dI5dVestFEn, daI-; dE`dVZstFEn, daI-/ n (a) [U] digesting Ïû»¯; ÎüÊÕ; ÁìÎò: foods which aid digestion ÖúÏû»¯µÄʳÎï. (b) [C usu sing ͨ³£×÷µ¥Êý] power of digesting food Ïû»¯ÄÜÁ¦; Ïû»¯Á¦: have a good/poor digestion Ïû»¯Á¦Ç¿[Èõ]. digestive / dI5dVestIv, daI-; dE`dVZstIv, daI-/ adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] of digestion (of food) Ïû»¯£¨Ê³ÎµÄ: the digestive process, juices Ïû»¯¹ý³Ì¡¢ Ïû»¯Òº * suffer from digestive trouble »¼Ïû»¯ÏµÍ³µÄ¼²²¡. digestive biscuit (also digestive) (Brit) round, not very sweet, biscuit made from wholemeal flour Ïû»¯±ýǬ. digestive system organs of the body that digest food Ïû»¯ÏµÍ³. =>illus ¼û²åͼ. digger / 5dIgE(r); `dI^L/ n 1 person who digs ÍÚ¾òÕß; ²É¾òÕß. 2 mechanical excavator ÍÚ¾ò»ú; ÍÚ¾òÆ÷. 3 (sl Ùµ) Australian or New Zealander, esp a soldier °Ä´óÀûÑÇÈË, ÐÂÎ÷À¼ÈË£¨ÓÈָʿ±ø£©. digging / 5dIgIN; `dI^IN/ n 1 [U] action of digging ÍÚ¾ò; ²É¾ò. 2 diggings [pl] place where people dig for tin, gold, etc £¨¿ª²ÉÎý¡¢ »Æ½ðµÈµÄ£©¿ó³¡, ¿óÇø. digit / 5dIdVIt; `dIdVIt/ n 1 (mathematics Êý) any of the ten Arabic numerals 0 to 9 £¨°¢À­²®Êý×ÖÖУ©09µÄÈκÎÒ»¸öÊý×Ö: The number 57306 contains five digits. 57306ÊǸöÎåλÊý. 2 (anatomy ½â) finger or toe ÊÖÖ¸; ½ÅÖº. digital / 5dIdVItl; `dIdVItl/ adj 1 showing amounts by means of numbers Êý×ÖµÄ; Êý×ÖÏÔʾµÄ. 2 of fingers or toes ÊÖÖ¸µÄ; ½ÅÖºµÄ. ,digital `clock, ,digital `watch clock/watch that shows the time by digits rather than hands Êý×ÖʽʱÖÓ[ÊÖ±í]. ,digital com`puter device that makes calculations, etc with data represented as a series of digits Êý×Ö¼ÆËã»ú. Cf ²Î¿´ analogue computer (analogue). ,digital re`cording [C, U] (recording made by a) process of converting sound into a series of electrical pulses (representing binary digits) Êý×Ö¼Éù£¨°ÑÉùƵÐźű任³ÉÓë¶þÔªÊý×ÖÏàÓ¦µÄÒ»´®Âö³åµÄ¹ý³Ì¼°ÒÔ´Ë·½Ê½½øÐеļÉù£©. dignify / 5dIgnIfaI; `dI^nE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) (fml ÎÄ) 1 [Tn] make (sth) seem worthy or impressive; give dignity to ʹ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎÏÔµÃÓÐ×ðÑÏ¡¢ ³ç¸ß; ¸ø£¨Ä³ÊÂÎÔö¹â: a ceremony dignified by the presence of the ambassador Òò´óʹ¹âÁÙ¶øÉú»ÔµÄµäÀñ. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) give an important-sounding name to sb/sth ÓÃ×ð¹óµÄÃû×ֳƺôijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]; ÃÀÆäÃûÔ»: dignify a small collection of books with the name of library ²ØÊé²»¶à, È´ÃÀÆäÃûԻͼÊé¹Ý * I wouldn't dignify this trash by calling it a novel. ÕⲿÁÓµÈ×÷Æ·ÎÒÊDz»»áÃÀ³ÆΪС˵µÄ. dignified adj having or showing dignity ÓÐ×ðÑϵÄ; ¸ß¹óµÄ; ÏԵøßÉеÄ; ¸ßÑŵÄ; ׯÑϵÄ: a dignified person, walk, bow ¸ß¹óµÄÈË¡¢ ׯÖصIJ½Ì¬¡¢ ¸ßÑŵľϹªÀñ. dignitary / 5dIgnItErI; ?@ -terI; `dI^nE9tZrI/ n (fml ÎÄ) person with a high rank or position ÏÔÒªÈËÎï; Ȩ¹ó: civic dignitaries, eg the mayor and councillors ÊÐÕþÒªÈË£¨ÈçÊг¤ºÍÒéÔ±£©. dignity / 5dIgnEtI; `dI^nEtI/ n 1 [U] quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth ¸ßÉеÄÆ·ÖÊ; ¿É¹óµÄÆ·ÖÊ; ÕæÕýµÄ¼ÛÖµ; ×ðÑÏ; ×ð¹ó: the dignity of labour ÀͶ¯µÄ×ðÑÏ * Only a truly free person has human dignity. Ö»ÓÐÕæÕý×ÔÓɵÄÈ˲žßÓÐÈ˵Ä×ðÑÏ. 2 [U] calm or serious manner or style ׯÑϵľÙÖ¹; ¶ËׯµÄÒÇ̬: She kept her dignity despite the booing. ¾¡¹ÜÐêÉùËÄÆð, ËýÒÀ¾ÉÌ©È»×ÔÈô. 3 [C] (fml ÎÄ) high or honourable rank, post or title ¸ßλ»òÏÔÒªÖ°ÏÎ: The Queen conferred the dignity of a peerage on him. Å®Íõ·âËûΪ¹ó×å. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) be,neath one's `dignity (often ironic ³£×÷·´Óï) below one's social, moral, etc standards ÓÐʧÉí·Ö¡¢ ×ðÑÏ¡¢ ÌåÃæµÈ: Some husbands still think it beneath their dignity to do the shopping. ÓÐЩ×öÕÉ·òµÄÖÁ½ñÈÔÈ»ÈÏΪÈÃËûÃÇÈ¥Âò¶«Î÷ÊǼþ¶ªÃæ×ÓµÄÊÂ. ,stand on one's `dignity insist on behaving or being treated in a special way because one thinks oneself important £¨Òò×Ô°®£©±£³Ö×ðÑÏ; £¨Òò×ÔÃü²»·²£©°Ú¼Ü×Ó: She doesn't stand on her dignity and treat the rest of us as servants. ËýûÓжËÖø¼Ü×Ó°ÑÎÒÃǵ±×÷ÆÍÈ˶Դý. digraph / 5daIgrB:f; ?@ -grAf; `daI^rAf/ n two letters that represent a single sound (eg sh / F; F/, ea / i:; i/ in sheaf) ¶þºÏ×Öĸ£¨´ú±íÒ»¸öµ¥ÒôµÄÁ½¸ö×Öĸ, ÈçsheafÖÐsh´ú±í /F; F/ , ea´ú±í /i:; i/£©. digress / daI5gres; daI`^rZs/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) turn or wander (from the main topic) in speech or writing ˵»°»òд×÷ʱƫÀ루Ö÷Ì⣩; ÀëÌâ: Don't digress (from the subject) when lecturing. ½²¿Îʱ²»Òª²í¿ª£¨Ö÷Ì⣩. digression / daI5greFn; daI`^rZFEn/ n (a) [U] digressing ÀëÌâ. (b) [C] passage, etc in which one digresses ÌâÍâ»°; Ö¦½ÚÄÚÈÝ: If you'll allow a slight digression,... ÇëÔÊÐíÎÒ˵¼¸¾äÌâÍâ»°.... dig / dIg; dI^/ v (-gg-; pt, pp dug/ dQg; dQ^/) 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] use one's hands, a spade, a machine, etc to break up and move (earth, etc); advance by doing this ÍÚ, ¾ò£¨ÄàÍÁµÈ£©: I spent the morning digging. ÎÒÕû¸öÉÏÎ綼ÔÚ²»Í£µØÍÚ. * They are digging through the hill to make a tunnel. ËûÃÇÕýÔÚÔäɽ½¨Ò»ÌõËíµÀ. * dig down into the soil ÍùÍÁÀïÉîÍÚ * It is difficult to dig the ground when it is frozen. µØÃ涳סÁ˾Ͳ»Ò×ÍÚ¾ò. * dig the soil away from the bottom of the wall ½«Ç½¸ùµÄÄàÍÚ³öÀ´. (b) [Tn] make (a hole, etc) by doing this ÍÚ³ö£¨¶´µÈ£©; Ôä³ö; ´ò£¨¶´£©: dig a pit, tunnel, shaft, etc ÍÚ¿Ó¡¢ ËíµÀ¡¢ Éý½µ¾®µÈ. (c) [Ipr] ~ for sth search for (gold, etc) by doing this ²É¾ò̽Ѱ£¨»Æ½ðµÈ£©; ̽¿ó: We are digging for mineral deposits. ÎÒÃÇÕýÔÚ¾òµØ̽¿ó. 2 (dated infml ¾É, ¿Ú) (a) [Tn] enjoy (sth); appreciate ϲ»¶£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ; ÐÀÉÍ: I don't dig modern jazz. ÎÒ²»Ï²»¶ÏÖ´ú¾ôÊ¿ÀÖ. (b) [I, Tn] understand (sth) Ã÷°×£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ; ¶®: I don't dig that crazy stuff. ÎÒ²»¶®ÄÇÖÖûÒâ˼µÄÍæÒâ¶ù. * You dig? Ä㶮ÁËÂð? 3 (idm Ï°Óï) ,dig one's `heels/`toes in be stubborn; refuse to give in ¹ÌÖ´ÒѼû; ´ç²½²»ÈÃ. dig sb in the ribs nudge or prod sb hard in the side ÓÃÖâÅö»ò´ÁijÈ˵ÄÀß²¿. dig one's own grave do sth which causes one's own downfall ×Ô¾ò·ØĹ; ×ÔÈ¡ÃðÍö. 4 (phr v) dig in; dig into sth (infml ¿Ú) (begin to) eat hungrily or enthusiastically £¨¿ªÊ¼£©Ì°À·µØ³Ô, ½ò½òÓÐζµØ³Ô: The food's ready, so dig in! ³ÔµÄŪºÃÁË, ·ÅÁ¿³Ô°Õ! dig sth in; dig sth into sth (a) mix sth with soil by digging ÔÚ·­µØʱ½«Ä³Îï»ìÈëÍÁÈÀÖÐ: The manure should be well dug in. ÔÚ·­µØʱӦ°Ñ·ÊÁϾùÔȵػìÈëÍÁÈÀÖÐ. (b) push or thrust sth into sth ÍÆÈë; ²åÈë; ´Á½ø; ´ÌÈë: dig a fork into a pie ÓòͲæ²æÏÚ±ý * The rider dug his spurs into the horse's flank. ÆïÂíÕßÓÃÑ¥´Ì´ÁÁË´ÁÂíµÄ²à¸¹. * The dog dug its teeth in. ÄÇÖ»¹·Ò»¿ÚÒ§ÏÂÈ¥. dig oneself in (a) (military ¾ü) (of soldiers) protect oneself by digging a trench, etc £¨Ö¸Ê¿±ø£©ÍÚº¾¹µµÈÒÔÑÚ±Î×Ô¼º, ÍÚÑÚÌå. (b) (infml ¿Ú) establish oneself securely (in a place, job, etc) £¨ÔÚְλ¡¢ ¹¤×÷µÈ·½Ã棩ʹ×Ô¼ºÕ¾ÎȽŸú, ¹®¹Ì×Ô¼ºµÄµØλ: He has dug himself in well at the college now. Èç½ñËûÔÚѧԺÒÑվס½ÅÁË. dig sb/sth out (of sth) (a) get sb/sth out by digging ÍÚ³öijÈË[ijÎï]: They dug the potatoes out (of the ground). ËûÃÇ£¨´ÓµØÀÍÚ³öÁËÂíÁåÊí. * He was buried by an avalanche and had to be dug out. ËûÓöÑ©±À±»ÂñסÁË, µÃ°ÑËûÍÚ³öÀ´. (b) get sth by searching or study Ëѳö»ò×êÑгöijÊÂÎï; ̽Ë÷; ²éÃ÷: dig information out of books and reports ´ÓÊéºÍ±¨¸æÖвéÕÒ×ÊÁÏ * dig out the truth ̽Ã÷ʵÇé. (c) (infml ¿Ú) take out (sth not easy to get at) È¡³ö£¨²»Ò×ÕÒµ½µÄ¶«Î÷£©; ·­³ö: dig out an old photo from the drawer ´Ó³éÌëÖз­³öÒ»ÕžÉÕÕƬ. dig sth over prepare (ground) thoroughly by digging ·­ÍÚ£¨ÍÁµØ£©; ÅÙµØ: dig the garden over ¸ø»¨Ô°·­µØ. dig sth up (a) break up (soil, etc) by digging ÍÚ¾ò£¨ÄàÍÁµÈ£©; ¿ÑµØ: dig up land for a new garden Ϊ½¨Ò»×ùл¨Ô°¶ø¿ÑµØ. (b) remove (sth) from the ground by digging ´ÓµØÀïÍÚ³ö£¨Ä³Î: We dug up the tree by its roots. ÎÒÃǽ«Ê÷Á¬¸ùÍÚÆð. (c) reveal and remove from the ground by digging (sth that has been buried or hidden) ´ÓµØÀïÍÚ¾ò³ö£¨ÑÚÂñ»ò²ØÆðµÄ¶«Î÷£©; ¾òµ½: An old Greek statue was dug up here last month. ÉϸöÔÂÔÚÕâ¶ùÍÚ³öÁËÒ»×ð¹ÅÏ£À°µñÏñ. (d) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) discover (information, etc); reveal sth ÕÒ³ö£¨Ç鱨µÈ£©; ͸¶ijÊÂ: Newspapers love to dig up scandal. ±¨Ö½¾ÍÊÇ°®°Ñ³óʶù½Ò³öÀ´. dig / dIg; dI^/ n 1 (a) poke; prod ´Á; ´Ì; µ·: give sb a dig in the ribs ´ÁijÈ˵ÄÀß²¿. (b) ~ (at sb) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) remark that is meant to irritate or upset sb ¹ÊÒâÈÃijÈËÉúÆøµÄÑÔÓï; ÄÕÈ˵Ļ°; ÍÚ¿à: She makes mean little digs at him. Ëý³åËû˵һЩ¿Ì±¡µÄÍÚ¿à»°. 2 (a) act of digging ÍÚ; ¾ò; ·­ÍÚ; ´Ì; ´Á: I gave the vegetable plot a quick dig. ÎҰѲ˵غܿ췭ÁËÒ»±é. (b) site being explored by archaeologists ¿¼¹Å·¢¾òµØ. digs / dIgz; dI^z/ n [pl] (Brit infml ¿Ú) room(s) rented in sb else's house; lodgings ÔÚËûÈË·¿ÎÝÀï×âÓõķ¿¼ä; ¼ÄËÞ·¿¼ä; ¼ÄËÞ´¦: the high cost of living in digs ¼ÄË޵ĸ߷ÑÓà * take digs in London ÔÚÂ׶ؼÄËÞ. dike (also dyke) / daIk; daIk/ n 1 ditch (for allowing water to flow away from land) ÅÅË®¹µ. 2 long wall of earth, etc (to keep back water and prevent flooding) £¨À¹Ë®·ÀºéµÄ£©ÍÁµÌ, µÌ°Ó. 3 ( sl »ä, Ùµ) lesbian, esp a masculine one ͬÐÔÁµÅ®×Ó£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÄÐÐÔ»¯Õߣ©. dike v [I, Tn] make or provide (sth) with a dike(1, 2) ½¨ÅÅË®¹µ; ÖþµÌ. diktat / 5diktAt; dIk`tBt/ n [C, U] (derog ±á) order, esp an unreasonable one, that must be obeyed ÃüÁî, Ö¸Áî, ÀÕÁÓÈÖ¸²»ºÏÀí¶øÓÖ±ØÐë·þ´ÓµÄ£©: refuse to accept the foreign diktat ¾Ü¾ø½ÓÊÜÕâµÀÍâ¹úµÄ¿Á¿ÌÃüÁî. dilapidated / dI5lApIdeItId; dE`lApE9detId/ adj (of furniture, buildings, etc) falling to pieces; in a bad state of repair £¨Ö¸¼Ò¾ß¡¢ ½¨ÖþÎïµÈ£©²ÐÆƵÄ, ÆÆÀõÄ, ʧÐÞµÄ: a dilapidated chair, bed, etc ÆÆÒÎ×Ó¡¢ ´²µÈ * a dilapidated-looking car ÆÆÆÆÀÃÀõÄÆû³µ. dilapidation / dI9lApI5deIFn; dE9lApE`deFEn/ n [U]: in a dreadful state of dilapidation ´¦ì¶Æưܲ»¿°µÄ״̬. dilate / daI5leIt; daI`let/ v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become wider, larger or further open £¨Ê¹Ä³ÎÀ©´ó, ÅòÕÍ, ÕÅ´ó: The pupils of your eyes dilate when you enter a dark room. ½øÈëºÚ°µµÄ·¿¼äʱ, Í«¿×¾ÍÀ©´ó. * The horse dilated its nostrils. ÄÇÆ¥ÂíÕÅ´óÁ˱ǿ×. 2 (phr v) dilate on sth (fml ÎÄ) speak or write about sth for a long time ÏêÊöijÊÂ; ÆÌÐðijÊÂ: a chapter in which she dilates on the benefits of vegetarianism ËýÏêÊöËØʳºÃ´¦µÄÒ»ÕÂ. dilation / daI5leIFn; daI`leFEn/ n [U] dilating or being dilated À©´ó; ÅòÕÍ; ÕÅ´ó; ÏêÊö. dilatory / 5dIlEtErI; ?@ -tR:rI; `dIlE9tRrI/ adj (fml ÎÄ) (a) ~ (in doing sth) slow in acting Ðж¯»ºÂýµÄ; ³Ù»ºµÄ: The Government has been dilatory in condemning the outrage. Õþ¸®³Ù³Ù²ÅÇ´ÔðÊǴα©ÐÐ. (b) causing delay ÍÏÀ­µÄ; ÍÏÑÓµÄ: dilatory behaviour, actions, etc ÍÏÀ­µÄÐÐΪ¡¢ Ðж¯µÈ. dilatorily adv. dilatoriness n [U]. dilemma / dI5lemE, daI-; dE`lZmE, daI-/ n 1 situation in which one has to choose between two undesirable things or courses of action ½øÍËÁ½Äѵľ½¾³; ½øÍËά¹ÈµÄÀ§¾³: be in/place sb in a dilemma ÏÝÈë[ÖÃijÈËì¶]½øÍËÁ½ÄÑÖ®¾³. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) on the horns of a dilemma => horn. dilettante / 9dIlI5tAntI; 9dIlE`tAntI/ n (pl ~s or -ti / -ti:; -ti/) (often derog ³£×÷±áÒå) person who studies or does sth, but without serious interest or understanding ¸¡·ºµÄÉæÁÔÕß; dz³¢éüÖ¹Õß: a musical dilettante ´ÖͨÒôÀÖµÄÈË. dilettantish / -5tAntIF; -`tAntIF/ adj: a dilettantish follower of the arts òßÑѵãË®°ãѧÒÕÊõµÄÈË. diligence / 5dIlIdVEns; `dIlEdVEns/ n [U] ~ (in sth/in doing sth) steady effort; careful hard work ²»Ð¸µÄŬÁ¦; ÇÚÃã; ÇÚ·Ü; ÈÏÕæ¿Ì¿à: She shows great diligence in her school work. Ëý×ö×÷Òµ·Ç³£Óù¦. * He pursues his aims with diligence. ËûŬÁ¦×·Çó×Ô¼ºµÄ·Ü¶·Ä¿±ê. diligent / 5dIlIdVEnt; `dIlEdVEnt/ adj ~ (in sth/in doing sth) showing care and effort (in what one does); hard-working ÈÏÕæ¿Ì¿àµÄ; ÇÚÃãµÄ; ÇڷܵÄ; Óù¦µÄ: a diligent worker, pupil, etc ÇڷܵŤ×÷Õß¡¢ ѧÉúµÈ * They're very diligent in keeping records. ËûÃÇ×ö¼Ç¼ʮ·ÖÈÏÕæ. diligently adv. dill / dIl; dIl/ n [U] herb with scented leaves and seeds used for flavouring pickles ݪÂÜ; СÜîÏã. dilly / 5dIlI; `dIlI/ n (US infml ¿Ú) person or thing considered excellent or remarkable ½Ü³öÈËÎï; Í»³öÈËÎï; Í»³öÊÂÎï; ÏÔÑÛµÄÊÂÎï: She had a dilly of a bruise on her arm. ËýÊÖ±ÛÉÏÓÐÒ»¿éÏÔÑÛµÄÉ˺Û. dilly-dally / 5dIlI dAlI; `dIlI9dAlI/ (pt, pp -dallied) v [I] (infml ¿Ú) waste time; dawdle ÀË·Ñʱ¼ä; Ä¥²ä; Ïлì: Don't dilly-dally! Make up your mind! ±ðÄ¥²äÁË! Äö¨Ö÷Òâ°Õ! dilute / daI5lju:t; ?@ -5lu:t; daI`lut/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) 1 make (a liquid or colour) thinner or weaker (by adding water or another liquid) ʹ£¨ÒºÌ壩±äÏ¡; ʹ£¨ÑÕÉ«£©±äµ­; Ï¡ÊÍ; ³åµ­; ²óË®: dilute wine with water ²óË®°Ñ¾Æ³åµ­. 2 (fig ±ÈÓ÷) make (sth) weaker in force, effect, etc Ï÷Èõ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎµÄÁ¦Á¿¡¢ Ч¹ûµÈ; ʹ¼õÉ«; ½µµÍ: diluting standards in our schools ½µµÍÎÒÃǸ÷УµÄˮƽ. dilute adj (of acids, etc) weakened by diluting £¨Ö¸ËáÒºµÈ£©Ï¡Ê͵Ä, ³åµ­Á˵Ä, ²óË®µÄ: dilute sulphuric acid Ï¡ÁòËá. dilution / daI5lju:Fn; ?@ -5lu:-; daI`luFEn/ n (a) [U] diluting or being diluted Ï¡ÊÍ; ³åµ­. (b) [C] thing that is diluted ±»Ï¡ÊÍ[³åµ­]Ö®Îï. dim / dIm; dIm/ adj (-mmer, -mmest) 1 (a) where or which one cannot see well; not bright ¹âÏß°µµ­µÄ; ¿´²»ÇåµÄ; ²»¹âÁÁµÄ; »è°µµÄ; Òõ°µµÄ: a dim corridor with no windows ûÓд°»§µÄ»è°µ×ßÀÈ * the dim outline of buildings on a dark night ºÚÒ¹ÀｨÖþÎïëüëʵÄÂÖÀª * reading by dim candle-light ¾ÍÖø΢ÈõµÄÖò¹â¶ÁÊé. (b) not clearly remembered; faint ¼Ç²»ÇåµÄ; ¼ÇÒäÄ£ºýµÄ: a dim memory/recollection µ­µ­µÄ¼ÇÒä[»ØÒä]. 2 (infml ¿Ú) (of people) lacking intelligence £¨Ö¸ÈË£©ÓÞ±¿µÄ. 3 (of the eyes, eyesight) not able to see well £¨Ö¸ÑÛ¾¦£©¿´²»Ç嶫Î÷µÄ; £¨ÊÓÁ¦£©²îµÄ, Ä£ºýµÄ: His sight is getting dim. ËûµÄÊÓÁ¦Ô½À´Ô½²îÁË. * eyes dim with tears ÃÔÀëµÄÀáÑÛ. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) dim and distant (joc ÚÊ) long past ºÜ¾ÃÒÔÇ°: Once, in the dim and distant past, I was a student here. ÎÒÔç°Ë±²×ÓµÄʱºòÔÚÕâ¶ù¶Á¹ýÊé. dim v (-mm-) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become dim ±ä°µµ­»òÄ£ºý; ʹ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ°µµ­»òÄ£ºý: The stage lights (were) dimmed, and the play's first act was over. Îę̀µÆ¹â°µÁËÏÂÈ¥, Õâ³öÏ·µÄµÚһĻ½áÊøÁË. * Old age hasn't dimmed her memory. ËýËäÈ»ÄêÊÂÒѸß, µ«¼ÇÒ䲢δģºý. dimly adv in a dim manner °µµ­µØ; Ä£ºýµØ; ëüëʵØ; ³Ù¶ÛµØ: a dimly-lit room µÆ¹â΢ÈõµÄ·¿¼ä * I can dimly (ie only just) remember my fourth birthday. ÎÒÒþÔ¼¼ÇµÃ×Ô¼º¹ýËÄËêÉúÈÕʱµÄÇé¾°. * react rather dimly to a question »Ø´ðÎÊÌâʱÏ൱³Ù¶Û. dimness n [U]. dim-wit n (infml ¿Ú) stupid person ±¿µ°; ɵ×Ó. dim-witted adj (infml ¿Ú) stupid ÓÞ±¿µÄ. dime / daIm; daIm/ n 1 coin of the US and Canada worth ten cents ÃÀ¹ú¡¢ ¼ÓÄôóµÄ10·ÖÖý±Ò. =>App 4 ¼û¸½Â¼4. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) a ,dime a `dozen (infml ¿Ú) nearly worthless or very common ¼¸ºõÒ»ÎIJ»ÖµµÄ; ¼«±ãÒ˵Ä; ºÜÆÕͨµÄ: Novels like this one are a dime a dozen: write something original! ÕâÑùµÄС˵¶àµÃºÜ, »¹ÊÇдЩÐÂÏʵĶ«Î÷°Õ! dimension / dI5menFn, daI-; dE`mZnFEn, daI-/ n 1 [C, U] measurement of any sort (breadth, length, thickness, height, etc) £¨¿Õ¼äµÄ£©ÈκÎÒ»ÖÖÁ¿¶È£¨¿í¶È¡¢ ³¤¶È¡¢ ºñ¶È¡¢ ¸ß¶ÈµÈ£©: What are the dimensions of the room? Õâ·¿¼äµÄÃæ»ýÊǶàÉÙ? =>App 4 ¼û¸½Â¼4. => illus ¼û²åͼ. 2 dimensions [pl] size; extent ´óС; Ìå»ý; ³Ì¶È; ·¶Î§: a creature of huge dimensions ÌåÐÎÅÓ´óµÄ¶¯Îï * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) I did not realized the dimensions of the problem. ÎÒδÔøÒâʶµ½ÎÊÌâµÄÑÏÖس̶È. 3 [C] (fig ±ÈÓ÷) aspect ·½Ãæ; ²àÃæ: There is a dimension to the problem that we have not discussed. ÕâÎÊÌ⻹ÓÐÒ»·½ÃæÎÒÃÇûÌÖÂÛ¹ý. -dimensional / -FEnEl; -FEnl/ (forming compound adjs ÓÃÒÔ¹¹³É¸´ºÏÐÎÈÝ´Ê) having the specified number of dimensions ...άµÄ; ...·½ÃæµÄ: A square is two-dimensional and a cube is three-dimensional. Õý·½ÐÎÊǶþάµÄ£¨Æ½ÃæµÄ£©, ¶øÕýÁùÃæÌåÔòÊÇÈýάµÄ£¨Á¢ÌåµÄ£©. dimension NOTE ON USAGE Ó÷¨: 1 It is sometimes difficult to decide whether length (adj long), width (adj wide) or depth (adj deep) is the correct term for a particular measurement. ¶Ôì¶ÎïÌåijһ±ßµÄÁ¿¶È, ÔÚlength (adj long)¡¢ width (adj wide)»òdepth (adj deep)ÖÐÑ¡ÓÃÄĸö²Å¶Ô, ÓÐʱÆÄÄÑÈ·¶¨. The measurements of a room or of a rectangular area or object are the length (measured along the longer sides) and the width (measured along the shorter sides) Á¿¶È·¿¼ä»ò³¤·½ÐεÄÃæ»ý»òÎïÌå, ÓÃlength£¨³¤¶È, Ñؽϳ¤µÄ±ßÁ¿µÃ£©ºÍwidth£¨¿í¶È, Ñؽ϶̵ıßÁ¿µÃ£©±íʾ: The garage is 6 metres long and 3 metres wide. Æû³µ·¿³¤6Ã×, ¿í3Ã×. When describing a piece of furniture that has a front and a back, both length and width can be used for the longer sides and depth is used for the measurement from front to back. ÔÚÐÎÈÝÒ»¼þÓÐÇ°ááÖ®·ÖµÄ¼Ò¾ßʱ, lengthºÍwidth¾ù¿ÉÓÃÒÔÖ¸½Ï³¤µÄ±ß, ¶ødepth£¨Éî¶È£©ÔòÖ¸´ÓÇ°Ãæµ½ááÃæµÄ³ß´ç. Length is generally used when the measurement of the front is much greater than that of the depth. ÈôÇ°ÃæµÄ³¤¶ÌÔ¶Ô¶³¬¹ýÉî¶È, Ò»°ãÓÃlength. *Width is used when the measurements of the front and of the depth are similar. ÈôÇ°ÃæµÄ³¤¶ÌÓëÉî¶ÈÏàËÆ, ÔòÓÃwidth. (See illustration ¼û²åͼ. ) 2 Compare wide and broad. ÊԱȽÏwideºÍbroad. Wide is the more general word but broad is used of parts of the body *wideÊÊÓ÷¶Î§½Ï¹ã, broadÔòÌØÖ¸ÉíÌåµÄ²¿Î»: a broad nose ´ó±Ç×Ó * broad shoulders ¿íÀ«µÄË«¼ç. Otherwise it is more formal than wide and is often used, especially in literary language, to describe features of the landscape ÔÚÆäËûÇé¿öÏÂ, broad±Èwide¸üÎÄÑÅ, ÓÈÆäÔÚÎÄѧÓïÑÔÖг£ÓÃÒÔÃè»æ¾°É«: a broad river ¿íÀ«µÄºÓ * a broad expanse of unspoilt country һƬ¹ãÙóµÄ¡¢ ×ÔÈ»ÃÀδÊÜÆÆ»µµÄ½¼Ò°. diminish / dI5mInIF; dE`mInIF/ v [I, Tn] 1 (cause sth to) become smaller or less; decrease ±äС; ±äÉÙ; ʹ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ±äС; ʹ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ±äÉÙ; ËõС; ¼õÉÙ; ½µµÍ: His strength has diminished over the years. ¾­¹ýÕâÐí¶àÄêÔÂ, ËûµÄÌåÁ¦²»Èç´ÓÇ°ÁË. * Nothing could diminish her enthusiasm for the project. ʲ÷áÒ²²»ÄÜÓ°ÏìËý¶ÔÕâÏî¼Æ»®µÄÈȳÀ. * diminishing hopes, supplies, funds Öð½¥ÃìãµÄÏ£Íû¡¢ ½¥½¥ÓÃÍêµÄÎï×Ê¡¢ ½¥½¥¿Ý½ßµÄ×ʽð. 2 (fig ±ÈÓ÷) make (sb/sth) seem less important than it really is; devalue ¼õµÍ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]µÄÖØÒªÐÔ; ±áµÍ: The opposition are trying to diminish our achievements. ·´¶Ôµ³Æóͼ±áµÍÎÒÃǵijɾÍ. 3 (music Òô) decrease (an interval) by a semitone ½«£¨Òô³Ì£©¼õ°ëÒô: a diminished seventh ¼õÆ߶È. diminished responsibility (law ÂÉ) state of mind in which an accused person cannot be held fully responsible for a crime ¼õÇáµÄÐÌÊÂÔðÈΣ¨±»¸æÒò¾«Éñʧ³£²»ÄܶÔÆä×ïÐÐÍêÈ«¸ºÔð£©. diminuendo / dI9mInjU5endEU; dE9mInjJ`Zndo/ adj, adv (music Òô) of or with a gradual decrease in loudness ½¥Èõ£¨µÄ£©; ÒôÁ¿Öð½¥¼õÇᣨµÄ£©: a diminuendo passage ½¥ÈõµÄÀÖ½Ú. diminuendo n (pl ~s) (music Òô) gradual decrease in loudness ½¥Èõ. diminution / 9dImI5nju:Fn; ?@ -5nu:Fn; 9dImE`nuFEn/ n (a) [U] diminishing or being diminished; reduction ±äС; ±äÉÙ; ËõС; ¼õÉÙ; Ëõ¼õ: the diminution of one's resources ×ÊÔ´µÄ¼õÉÙ. (b) [C] amount of this; reduction ËõСÁ¿; ¼õÉÙÁ¿: hoping for a small diminution in taxes Ï£ÍûË°¾èÂÔ΢¼õÉÙ. diminutive / dI5mInjUtIv; dE`mInjEtIv/ adj 1 unusually or remarkably small СµÃ³öÆæµÄ; ÌØСµÄ: her diminutive figure ËýÄÇССµÄÉí²Ä. 2 (grammar) (of a suffix) indicating smallness £¨Ö¸áá׺£©±íʾСµÄ. diminutive n word formed by the use of a suffix of this kind, eg eaglet (= a young eagle), kitchenette (= a small kitchen) ÓÉÕâÀàáá׺¹¹³ÉµÄ´Ê£¨Èç eaglet Сӥ, kitchenette С³ø·¿£©. dimity / 5dImItI; `dImEtI/ n [U] type of cotton cloth woven with raised strips or designs, used for bed covers, curtains, etc ͹ÎÆÃÞ²¼, ÌỨ²¼£¨ÓÃ×÷´²ÕÖ¡¢ á¡Ä»µÈ£©. dimmer / 5dImE(r); `dImL/ n (also `dimmer switch) device with which one can vary the brightness of an electric light µ÷¹âÆ÷; ±ä¹âÆ÷. dimple / 5dImpl; `dImpl/ n (a) small natural hollow in the chin or cheek (either permanent, or which appears eg when a person smiles) £¨Ï°ͻòÁ³¼ÕÉÏ×ÔÈ»µÄ£©Ð¡ÎÑ, ¾ÆÎÑ, ØÌ. (b) slight hollow on a surface (esp of glass or water) dz°¼£¨ÓÈÖ¸²£Á§±íÃæµÄС¿Ó»òË®ÃæµÄ²¨ÎÆ£©. dimple v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) form dimples £¨Ê¹Ä³Î³öÏÖ¾ÆÎÑ, ÐγÉdz¿Ó, Æð²¨ÎÆ: Her cheeks dimpled as she smiled. ËýһЦ, Á³É϶³öÁ˾ÆÎÑ. * The surface of the water was dimpled by the breeze. Çá·ç·÷¶¯Ë®Ãæ, µ´ÆðÁËÁ°äô. din / dIn; dIn/ n [U, sing] continuing loud confused noise ³ÖÐøµÄàÐÔÓÉù; ²»Í£µÄÐúÄÖ: They made so much din that I couldn't hear you. ËûÃÇÌ«³³ÁË, ÎÒÌý²»¼ûÄã˵µÄ»°. * Don't make such a din! ±ð³³À²! * make/kick up a din ´óÄÖÒ»³¡. din v (-nn-) 1 (idm Ï°Óï) din in sb's ears sound or echo in one's ears ÔÚ¶úÖкäÃù; ÔÚ¶úÖлØÏì; ñø¶ú: They drove away from the city centre, the roar of the traffic still dinning in their ears. ËûÃÇÊ»³öÁËÊÐÖÐÐÄ, µ«³µÀ´ÈËÍùµÄÐúÏùÉùÈÔÔÚ¶úÖлØÏì. 2 (phr v) din sth into sb tell sb sth again and again in a forceful way ÏòijÈËÔÙÈýÇ¿µ÷ijÊÂ; ¾ÍijÊ·´¸²¶£ÖöijÈË: I dinned it into him that he had to manage things differently. ÎÒÈý·¬Îå´Î¸æËßËûµÃ¸ÄÒ»¸Ä´¦ÀíÊÂÇéµÄ·½·¨ÁË. DIN abbr Ëõд = (of a scale of film speeds) German Industry Standard (German Deutsche Industrie-Norm) £¨Ö¸½º¾í¸Ð¹â¶È£©µÂ¹ú¹¤Òµ±ê×¼£¨Ô´×ÔµÂÎÄDeutsche Industrie-Norm£©. Cf ²Î¿´ ASA 2, ISO. dine / daIn; daIn/ v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (fml ÎÄ) eat dinner ½ø²Í; Ó÷¹: We dined on smoked salmon. ÎÒÃÇÍí²Í³ÔµÄÊÇѬöÙÓã. 2 [Tn] (fml ÎÄ) give a dinner for (sb) ÉèÑç¿î´ý£¨Ä³ÈË£©; ÑçÇ루ijÈË£©; Ç루ijÈË£©³Ô·¹: We're dining the ambassador this week. ÎÒÃDZ¾ÐÇÆÚÑçÇë´óʹ. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) wine and dine => wine v. 4 (phr v) dine out dine away from one's home (eg at a restaurant or in the home of friends) ÔÚÍâ³Ô·¹, ³öÈ¥³Ô£¨ÈçÔÚ·¹¹Ý»òÅóÓѼң©; ϹÝ×Ó. dining-car n railway carriage in which meals are served ²Í³µ. dining-room n room in which meals are eaten ·¹Ìü; ²ÍÊÒ; ²ÍÌü. dining-table n table used for eating on ²Í×À; ·¹×À. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page xvi. diner / 5daInE(r); `daInL/ n 1 person eating dinner ³Ô·¹µÄÈË; ¾Í²ÍÕß; ²Í¹Ý¹Ë¿Í. 2 dining-car on a train ²Í³µ. 3 (US) small restaurant, usu beside a highway С·¹¹Ý£¨Í¨³£Î»ì¶¹«Â·±ßÕߣ©. dinette / daI5net; daI`nZt/ n (esp US) small room or part of a room, esp a kitchen, used for eating С·¹Ìü; ³ø·¿»òÆäËû·¿¼äÄÚ±Ù×÷³Ô·¹ÓõÄÒ»²¿·ÖµØ·½. ding-dong / 9dIN5dCN; `dIN9dBN/ n 1 sound of bells striking again and again ÖÓ¡¢ ÁåÉù; ¶£µ±ÉùÒô. 2 (infml ¿Ú) heated argument ¼¤ÁÒµÄÕùÂÛ; Õù³³: I had a bit of a ding-dong with him about his mistakes. ¾ÍËûµÄ´íÎóÎÒ¸úËû³³ÁËÁ½¾ä. * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a ,ding-dong `struggle, `battle, etc ¼¤ÁҵĶ·Õù¡¢ Õ½¶·µÈ. ding-dong adv with the sound of bells striking again and again £¨ÖÓ¡¢ Á壩¶£µ±×÷ÏìµØ, ·¢³öµ±µ±ÉùµØ; ¶£¶£µ±µ±ÉùµØ: a clock striking ding-dong µ±µ±±¨Ê±µÄÖÓ. dinghy / 5dINgI; `dIN^I/ n (a) any of various types of small open boat ÎÞÅñС´¬; Сͧ: a sailing dinghy С·«´¬. (b) inflatable rubber boat (used esp for rescuing passengers from ships and aircraft) ³äÆøʽÏðƤͧ; ÏðƤ¾ÈÉúͧ. =>illus ¼û²åͼ. Cf ²Î¿´ yacht. dingle / 5dINgl; `dIN^l/ n deep hollow in the landscape, usu with trees Éî¹È£¨Í¨³£ÓÐÊ÷ľ£©. dingo / 5dINgEU; `dIN^o/ n (pl ~es) wild Australian dog °ÄÖÞÒ°È®. dingy / 5dIndVI; `dIndVI/ adj (-ier, -iest) dirty-looking; not cheerful or bright; drab °¹ÔàµÄ; åååݵÄ; ÎÞÉúÆøµÄ; ÎÞ¹âÔóµÄ; °µµ­µÄ; »èºÚµÄ; ËÀÆø³Á³ÁµÄ: a dingy room in a cheap hotel µÍ¼¶ÂùÝÖÐÓÖºÚÓÖÔàµÄ·¿¼ä * a dingy manufacturing town ÎÛ×ǵĹ¤ÒµÐ¡Õò. dingily adv. dinginess n [U]. dining => dine. dinky / 5dINkI; `dINkI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml ¿Ú) (a) (Brit) small and attractively neat СÇɵÄ; ¾«ÖµÄ: What a dinky little hat! ¶àƯÁÁµÄСñ×Ó! * a dinky red car ¾«ÖµĺìɫСÆû³µ. (b) (US) small and insignificant ²»ÆðÑÛµÄ; ÎÞ×ãÇáÖصÄ. dinner / 5dInE(r); `dInL/ n 1 [C, U] main meal of the day, whether eaten at midday or in the evening Õý²Í£¨Ò»ÈÕ¼äµÄÖ÷²Í, ÖÐÎç»òÍíÉϳԾù¿É£©: It's time for dinner. ¸Ã³Ô·¹ÁË. * Have you had dinner yet? Äã³Ô¹ý·¹ÁËÂð? * (US) Did you eat dinner yet? Äã³Ô¹ý·¹ÁËÂð? * She didn't eat much dinner. ËýÕâ¶Ù·¹Ã»³Ô¶àÉÙ. * I never eat a big dinner. ÎÒÏòÀ´·¹Á¿²»´ó. * They're at (ie eating) dinner. ËûÃÇÕýÔÚÓòÍ. * four dinners at 10 per person ËÄ¿Í·¹, ÿ¿Í10Ó¢°÷ * Shall we ask him to dinner? ÎÒÃÇÇëËý³Ô·¹ºÃÂð? =>Usage ¼ûËù¸½Ó÷¨. 2 [C] (a) (usu large) formal social gathering at which this meal is eaten £¨Í¨³£Ö¸´óÐ͵ģ©Ñç»á: A dinner was given for the ambassador. ÑçÇë´óʹ. (b) (also `dinner-party) private social gathering where this meal is eaten Ñç»á: give a dinner for friends ÉèÑçÕдýÅóÓÑ. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) a dog's breakfast/dinner => dog1. dinner-jacket n (Brit) (US tuxedo) jacket, usu black, worn with a bow-tie and (usu) matching trousers at formal occasions in the evening £¨ÄÐÓã©ÍíÀñ·þ. dinner service, dinner set set of plates, dishes, etc for dinner ³ÉÌײ;ß. dinner NOTE ON USAGE Ó÷¨: The use of the terms lunch, dinner, supper and tea varies between social classes in Britain and to some extent between regions. ÔÚÓ¢¹ú, ÒòÉç»á½×²ã²»Í¬, lunch¡¢ dinner¡¢ supper¡¢ teaÕâËĸö´ÊµÄÓ÷¨Ò²²»¾¡Ïàͬ, ¶øÇÒÔÚÒ»¶¨³Ì¶ÈÉÏÒàÓеØÇøÐÔ²î±ð. If the midday meal is called lunch, the evening meal is dinner or supper. ÈôÎç²Í³Æ×÷lunch, ÔòÍí²Í¼´Îªdinner»òsupper. *In this case tea consists of a drink and cake or biscuits in the afternoon. ÔÚÕâÖÖÇé¿öÏÂ, teaÔòÖ¸ÏÂÎçµÄ²èµã, °üÀ¨ÒûÁϺ͸âµã¡¢ ±ýǬ֮Àà. If the midday meal is called dinner then the evening meal is tea or supper. ÈôÎç²Í³Æ×÷dinner, ÔòÍí²Í¼´ÊÇtea»òsupper. *In this case supper may be a light snack before bedtime. Õâʱ, supper¿ÉÄÜÖ¸ÁÙ˯ǰ³ÔµÄÒ¹Ïü. At school, children have school dinner/lunch at midday or they may take a packed/sandwich lunch with them. ÔÚУѧÉúÖÐÎç³ÔµÄÒª÷áÊÇschool dinner/lunch£¨Ñ§Ð£Îç²Í£©, Òª÷áÊÇ×Ô¼º´øÈ¥µÄpacked sandwich lunch£¨ºÐ×°[ÈýÃ÷ÖÎ]Îç²Í£©. dinosaur / 5daInEsR:(r); `daInE9sRr/ n large extinct reptile ¿ÖÁú. dint / dInt; dInt/ n 1 = dent. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) by dint of sth by means of sth ƾ½èijÊÂÎïµÄÁ¦Á¿; ͨ¹ýijÊÂÎïµÄ×÷ÓÃ: He succeeded by dint of hard work. Ëûͨ¹ýÐÁÇÚŬÁ¦»ñµÃ³É¹¦. diocese / 5daIEsIs; `daIE9sEs/ n district for which a bishop is responsible Ö÷½Ì¹ÜÇø; £¨Ä³Ö÷½ÌµÄ£©½ÌÇø. diocesan / daI5CsIsn; daI`BsEsn/ adj of a diocese Ö÷½Ì¹ÜÇøµÄ; ½ÌÇøµÄ. dioxide / daI5CksaId; daI`BksaId/ n [U] (chemistry »¯) oxide formed by combining two atoms of oxygen and one atom of another element ¶þÑõ»¯Îï: carbon dioxide ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼. dip / dIp; dIp/ v (-pp-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (into sth); ~ sth (in) put or lower sth into a liquid ½«Ä³Îï·ÅÈë»òÉìÈëÒºÌåÖÐ; ½þ; ÅÝ; Õº: Dip your pen (into the ink). ½«¸Ö±Ê£¨ÔÚÄ«Ë®ÖУ©ÕºÒ»Õº. * Dip your fingers in to see how hot the water is. °ÑÊÖÖ¸Éì½øË®Àï¿´ÓжàÈÈ. * dip sheep, ie immerse them in a liquid that disinfects them or kills vermin ¸øÑòÏ´Ò©Ô¡ * dip candles, ie make them by dipping a wick into melted fat ½þÖÆÀ¯Öò * to dip a garment, ie put it in a liquid dye to change its colour ½þȾÒ·þ. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] go below a surface or level Ͻµµ½Ä³Ò»Æ½ÃæÒÔÏÂ; ϵøµ½Ä³Ò»¸ß¶È[ˮƽ]ÒÔÏÂ: The birds rose and dipped in flight. Äñ¶ùÔÚ·ÉÐÐÖÐʱ¸ßʱµÍ. * The sun dipped (down) below the horizon. Ì«ÑôÂäµ½µØƽÏßÏÂÁË. 3 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) go down and then up again £¨Ê¹Ä³ÎÏòÏÂÔÙÏòÉÏ; £¨Ê¹Ä³ÎϽµááÔÙÉÏÉý: The branches dipped in the wind. Ê÷Ö¦ÔÚ·çÖÐÉÏϲü¶¯Öø. * dip the headlights of a car, ie lower their beams (so as not to dazzle the driver of another car) ½«Æû³µÇ°µÆµÄÔ¶¹âµ÷Ϊ½ü¹â£¨¸ÄÓõÍλ¹âÊø, ÒÔÃâʹÁíÒ»Á¾³µÉϵļÝÊ»ÕßÑÛ»¨£© * Dip your head under the low arch. ÔڵͰ«µÄÃŹ°ÏÂÒªµÍÍ·. 4 [I, Ip] slope downward ÏòÏÂÇãб: The land dips (down) gently to the south. Õâ¿éµØ΢΢ÏòÄÏÇã. 5 (phr v) dip into sth (a) take money from (eg one's savings) ´Ó£¨Èç×Ô¼ºµÄ´¢ÐÖÐÈ¡³öÇ®: dip into one's purse, ie spend money ÌÍÑü°ü£¨»¨Ç®£©. (b) make a brief study of (a book, an author, etc) ·­ÔÄ, ä¯ÀÀ£¨Êé¡¢ ij×÷ÕßµÄ×÷Æ·µÈ£©: I've only had time to dip into the report. Õâ·Ý±¨¸æÎÒÖ»À´µÃ¼°ä¯ÀÀÁËÒ»±é. dip-stick n rod for dipping into a tank or some other container to measure the depth of the liquid in it (esp oil in the sump of an engine) ½þÁ¿³ß; £¨ÓÈÖ¸²âÁ¿·¢¶¯»úÈó»¬Ó͵ģ©Á¿Óͳß. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page xii. dip-switch n (Brit) switch for dipping a motor vehicle's headlights µ÷½ÚÆû³µÇ°µÆÔ¶½ü¹âµÄ¿ª¹Ø; Æû³µ´óµÆµ÷¹â¿ª¹Ø. dip / dIp; dIp/ n 1 [C] act of dipping (dip1) ½þ; Õº. 2 [C] (infml ¿Ú) quick swim or bathe Ϊʱ²»³¤µÄÓÎÓ¾»ò£¨ÔÚºÓº£ÖУ©Ï´Ôè: have/take/go for a dip ȥˮÀïÅÝÒ»ÅÝ. 3 [U] cleansing liquid for dipping sheep £¨¸øÑòÒ©Ô¡Óõģ©ÇåÏ´Òº, Ò©Ô¡Òº. 4 [U, C] any of several types of thick sauce into which biscuits or pieces of vegetable are dipped before being eaten £¨ÓÃÀ´ÕºÖø³Ô±ýǬ»òСƬÊ߲˵ģ©µ÷ζ½´: cheese dip ÄÌÀÒ½´. 5 [C] downward slope бÆÂ: a dip in the road ·ÉϵÄбÆ * a dip among the hills ɽÖеÄбÆÂ. Dip abbr Ëõд = Diploma. Dip Ed / 9dIp 5ed; 9dIp `Zd/ abbr Ëõд = Diploma in Education ½ÌÓýѧÎÄƾ: have/be a Dip Ed ³ÖÓÐ[ÒÑ»ñ]½ÌÓýѧÎÄƾ * Mary Hall BA Dip Ed ÂêÀö¡¤»ô¶û, ÎÄѧʿ¡¢ ½ÌÓýѧÎÄƾ³ÖÓÐÕß. diphtheria / dIf5WIErIE; dIf`WIrIE/ n [U] serious contagious disease of the throat causing difficulty in breathing °×ºí. diphthong / 5dIfWCN; ?@ -WR:N; `dIfWRN/ n union of two vowel sounds or vowel letters, eg the sounds / aI; aI/ in pipe / paIp; paIp/, the letters ou in doubt ¶þºÏÔªÒô, ¸´ºÏÔªÒô, Ë«ÔªÒô£¨Èçpipe / paIp; paIp/ ÖÐµÄ / aI; aI/Òô£©; ¸´ºÏÔªÒô×Öĸ£¨ÈçdoubtÖеÄou£©. Cf ²Î¿´ monophthong. diploma / dI5plEUmE; dI`plomE/ n (abbr Ëõд Dip) certificate awarded for passing an examination, completing a course of study, etc ±ÏÒµÖ¤Êé; ±ÏÒµÎÄƾ: a diploma in architecture ½¨ÖþѧÎÄƾ. diplomacy / dI5plEUmEsI; dI`plomEsI/ n [U] 1 management of relations between countries by each country's representatives abroad; skill in this Íâ½»; Íâ½»ÊÖ¶Î; Íâ½»ÊÖÍó; Íâ½»Êõ: International problems must be solved by diplomacy, not war. ¹ú¼ÊÎÊÌâӦͨ¹ýÍ⽻;¾¶À´½â¾ö, ²»Ó¦ËßÖîÕ½Õù. 2 art of or skill in dealing with people; tact ´¦ÀíÈ˼ʹØϵµÄ·½·¨¡¢ ¼¼ÇÉ; ½»¼ÊÊÖÍó; ´¦ÊÀÖ®µÀ. diplomat / 5dIplEmAt; `dIplE9mAt/ n 1 person in the diplomatic service, eg an ambassador Íâ½»¹Ù£¨Èç´óʹ£©; Íâ½»¼Ò. 2 person clever at dealing with people; tactful person ͨȨ´ï±äµÄÈË; Óн»¼ÊÊÖÍóµÄÈË; »úÖÇÁ·´ïµÄÈË. diplomatic / 9dIplE5mAtIk; 9dIplE`mAtIk/ adj 1 of diplomacy(1) Íâ½»µÄ: settle disputes by diplomatic means ͨ¹ýÍâ½»Êֶνâ¾ö·×Õù. 2 tactful; having or showing diplomacy(2) ԲͨµÄ; Áé»î±äͨµÄ; ÓÐÊÖÍóµÄ; ²ßÂÔµÄ: a diplomatic answer, move, etc ºÜ²ßÂԵĻش𡢠һ²½µÈ * be diplomatic in dealing with people ÓëÈË´ò½»µÀÀÏÁ·µÃÌå. diplomatically / -klI; -klI/ adv. diplomatic bag any container for official letters, goods, etc sent to or from an embassy Íâ½»ÓÊ´ü; Íâ½»ÐÅ´ü. diplomatic corps all the ambassadors and embassy staff in a country Í⽻ʹ½ÚÍÅ. diplomatic immunity privilege granted to diplomatic staff working abroad, by which they may not be arrested, taxed, etc Íâ½»»íÃâȨ; Íâ½»ÌØȨ. diplomatic service all the officials who conduct a country's diplomacy Íâ½»²¿ÃÅ. diplomatist / dI5plEUmEtIst; dI`plomEtIst/ n (fml ÎÄ) = diplomat. dipper / 5dIpE(r); `dIpL/ n 1 cup-shaped container with a long handle, for ladling out liquids ³¤±úè¼. 2 type of diving bird ºÓÎÚ£¨Ò»ÖÖDZˮÄñ£©. Cf ²Î¿´ plough 2. dipsomania / 9dIpsE5meInIE; 9dIpsE`menIE/ n [U] extreme dependence on alcoholic drink ÊȾƿñ; ¼ä·¢ÐԾƿñ. dipsomaniac / 9dIpsE5meInIAk; 9dIpsE`menI9Ak/ n, adj (person) suffering from dipsomania ¼ä·¢ÐԾƿñ»¼Õß; ÊȾƿñµÄ. diptych / 5dIptIk; `dIptIk/ n painting or carving, esp on an altar, on two hinged panels that can be closed like a book ÕÛºÏʽ˫Á¬»­, ÕÛºÏʽ˫Á¬µñ¿ÌÆ·£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÖÃì¶Ê¥Ì³ÉÏÕߣ©. dire / 5daIE(r); daIr/ adj 1 (fml ÎÄ) dreadful; terrible ¿ÉŵÄ; ¼«ÔãµÄ: a dire situation, crisis, etc ¿ÉŵĴ¦¾³¡¢ ÑÏÖصÄΣÄÑ * The firm is in dire straits (ie in a very difficult situation) and may go bankrupt. ÕâÉÌÐÐÒÑÏÝÈëá§á§¿ÉΣµÄ¾³µØ, ¿ÉÄÜÒªÆƲúÁË. * (joc ÚÊ) The film we saw was absolutely dire! ÎÒÃÇ¿´µÄÄDz¿µçÓ°²î¾¢Í¸ÁË! 2 (infml ¿Ú) extreme ¼«¶ËµÄ: We're in dire need of your help. ÎÒÃÇÌ«ÐèÒªÄãµÄ°ïÖúÁË. direct / dI5rekt, daI-; dE`rZkt, daI-/ adj 1 [esp attrib ÓÈ×÷¶¨Óï] (going) straight; not curved or crooked; not turned aside Ö±µÄ; ±ÊÖ±µÄ; ¾¶Ö±µÄ: follow a direct course, route, etc ÑرÊÖ±µÄº½Ïß¡¢ ·ÏßµÈÐнø * a direct flight, ie without stopping or changing planes Ö±·Éº½°à * a direct train, ie that goes to a passenger's destination without stopping beforehand Ö±´ïÁгµ * a direct hit/shot, ie not turned aside by hitting sth else first Ö±½ÓÃüÖÐ * the direct rays of the sun, ie not reflected from or screened by sth Ö±ÉäµÄÑô¹â. 2 (a) with nothing or no one in between; immediate Ö±½ÓµÄ; µ±ÖÐûÓÐÆäËûÊÂÎïµÄ; ²»¾­ÆäËûÈ˵Ä; Ç××ÔµÄ; ×î½Ó½üµÄ: a direct result, link, connection Ö±½ÓµÄ½á¹û¡¢ ¹Øϵ¡¢ ÁªÏµ * I'm in direct contact with the hijackers. ÎÒÓë¡¡»úÕß±£³ÖÖøÖ±½ÓµÄÁªÏµ. (b) (of descent in a family) passing through sb's children, grandchildren, etc, rather than through his brothers, sisters, cousins, etc £¨Ö¸¼Ò×åѪͳ£©Ö±ÏµµÄ: She descends in a direct line from the country's first President. ËýÊÇÕâ¸ö¹ú¼ÒµÄÊ×ÈÎ×ÜͳµÄֱϵááÒá. 3 straightforward; frank ÂÊÖ±µÄ; ̹ÂʵÄ; ̹°×µÄ; Ö±ÑÔµÄ: a direct person, manner, answer Ö±ÐÔ×ÓµÄÈË¡¢ ̹ÂʵÄ̬¶È¡¢ Ö±½ØÁ˵±µÄ»Ø´ð * She has a direct way of speaking. Ëý˵»°Ö±Ë¬. * He is very direct, so you always know what his real views are. ËûΪÈ˺ÜÖ±ÂÊ, ËùÒÔ×ÜÄÜÖªµÀËûµÄÕæʵÏë·¨. 4 [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] exact; complete Ç¡ºÃµÄ; ÍêÈ«µÄ: the direct opposite ½ØÈ»Ïà·´µÄÊÂÎï * Your reply today is in direct contradiction to what you said last week. Äã½ñÌìµÄ´ð¸²¸úÄãÉÏÐÇÆÚ˵µÄÇ¡ºÃÏà·´. Cf ²Î¿´ indirect. direct adv 1 without interrupting a journey; using a straight route ÖÐ;²»Í£µØ; ¾¶Ö±µØ; ±ÊÖ±µØ: The train goes there direct. ÕâÌËÁгµÖ±´ïÄÇÀï. 2 with no one in between; personally Ç××ÔµØ; Ö±½ÓµØ: I prefer to deal with him direct. »¹ÊÇÎÒÖ±½Ó¸úËû´ò½»µÀΪºÃ. directness [U] n. direct access (computing ¼Æ) = random access (random). direct action use of strikes, violence, etc instead of negotiation to achieve one's demands Ö±½ÓÐж¯£¨Óðչ¤¡¢ ±©Á¦µÈ·½Ê½¶ø²»¾­Ð­ÉÌÀ´´ïµ½Ä¿µÄ£©. direct current (abbr Ëõд DC) electric current flowing in one direction Ö±Á÷µç. Cf ²Î¿´ alternating current (alternate2). direct debit order to a bank that allows sb else to withdraw agreed amounts of money from one's account on agreed dates, esp to pay bills Ö±½Ó½è¼Ç. Cf ²Î¿´ standing order (standing). direct object (grammar) noun, noun phrase or noun clause which is directly affected by the action of a verb Ö±½Ó±öÓï. Cf ²Î¿´ object1 5. direct speech (use of a) speaker's actual words ˵»°ÕßµÄÔ­»°; Ô­»°µÄÖ±½ÓÒýÓÃ; Ö±½ÓÒýÓï. direct tax tax that one pays direct to the Government (eg income tax) rather than eg sales tax which is paid to the seller before being passed on Ö±½ÓË°. direct / dI5rekt, daI-; dE`rZkt, daI-/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to...) tell or show sb how to get somewhere ¸øijÈËָ·: Can you direct me (to the station)? Äã¸æËßÎÒ£¨µ½³µÕ¾£©Ôõ÷á×ߺÃÂð? 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to...) (fml ÎÄ) address (a letter, parcel, etc) ÔÚ£¨Ðżþ¡¢ °ü¹üµÈ£©ÉÏдÐÕÃûµØÖ·: Shall I direct the letter to his business address or to his home address? ÎҸðÑÕâ·âÐżĵ½ËûµÄ°ì¹«µØµã»¹ÊǼĵ½Ëû¼ÒÀïÄØ? (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sth to/at sb (fml ÎÄ) intend that a particular person or group should notice (what one says or does) ÈÃijÈË»òijÀàÈË×¢Ò⣨×Ô¼ºËù˵µÄ»°»òËù×öµÄÊ£©: Let me direct these remarks to the younger students. ÕâЩ»°»¹ÊÇÈÃÎÒÀ´¶ÔµÍÄ꼶µÄѧÉú˵°Õ. * advertising directed mainly at young consumers Ö÷ÒªÕë¶ÔÄêÇáÏû·ÑÕߵĹã¸æ. 3 (a) [Tn] manage (sth/sb); control ¹ÜÀí£¨Ä³ÊÂÎï[ijÈË]£©; ¼à¶½; Ö¸µ¼: She directed the planning of the festival. Ëýͳ¹Ü½ÚÈջµÄ³ï»®. * direct a group of workers Ö¸»ÓһȺ¹¤×÷ÈËÔ±. (b) [I, Tn] be in charge of (actors, a film, a play, etc) µ£Èε¼ÑÝ; Ö¸µ¼£¨ÑÝÔ±£©µÄÑݳö; Ϊ£¨µçÓ°¡¢ Ï·¾çµÈ£©×÷µ¼ÑÝ: I'd rather act than direct. ÎÒÔ¸Òâµ±ÑÝÔ±, ²»Ô¸Òâµ±µ¼ÑÝ. * Who directed the play? Õâ³öÏ·ÊÇË­µ¼ÑݵÄ? 4 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to/towards...; ~ sth at sth (fml ÎÄ) turn or aim sth in a particular direction ʹijÊÂÎïתÏò»ò¶Ô׼ijһ·½Ïò: The guide directed our attention to the other picture. ½²½âÔ±ÒªÎÒÃÇ×¢ÒâÁíÒ»·ù»­. * We directed our steps towards home. ÎÒÃdz¯¼Ò×ßÈ¥. * direct a blow at sb's head ÏòijÈ˵ÄÍ·²¿´òÈ¥ * Our efforts should be directed towards greater efficiency. ÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸ÃŬÁ¦Ìá¸ßЧÂÊ. 5 [Tf, Dn.t] (fml ÎÄ) order; command ָʾ; ÃüÁî: The owners directed that the factory be closed. ³§Ö÷ÏÂÁî¹Ø³§. * The officer directed them to advance. Ö¸»Ó¹ÙÃüÁîËûÃÇÇ°½ø. =>Usage at order2 Ó÷¨¼ûorder2. direction / dI5rekFn, daI-; dE`rZkFEn, daI-/ n 1 (a) [C] course taken by a moving person or thing; way that a person or thing looks or faces ·½Ïò: Tom went off in one direction and Harry in another. ÌÀÄ·³¯Ò»¸ö·½Ïò×ß, ¹þÀïÔò³¯ÁíÒ»¸ö·½Ïò×ß. * The aircraft was flying in a northerly direction. ·É»úÕýÔÚÏò±±·ÉÈ¥. * The signpost points in a westerly direction. ·±êÖ¸ÏòÎ÷. * When the police arrived, the crowd scattered in all directions. ¾¯²ìÒ»µ½, ÈËȺ¾ÍÏòËÄÃæ°Ë·½É¢¿ªÁË. (b) [C] (fig ±ÈÓ÷) way in which sb/sth develops or is developed Ç÷Ïò; Ç÷ÊÆ; ¶¯Ïò: new directions in current research µ±Ç°Ñо¿µÄж¯Ïò * That is the present direction of government thinking. Õâ¾ÍÊÇÈç½ñÕþ¸®¿¼ÂÇÎÊÌâµÄÈ¡Ïò. * We're making changes in various directions, ie of various types. ÎÒÃÇÕýÔڶ෽Ãæ½øÐиĸï. 2 [C usu pl ͨ³£×÷¸´Êý] information or instructions about what to do, where to go, how to do sth, etc Ö¸ÄÏ; ָʾ; ˵Ã÷Êé; Ó÷¨ËµÃ÷; ²Ù×÷˵Ã÷: Simple directions for assembling the model are printed on the box. ºÐÉÏÓ¡ÓÐ×°ÅäÄ£Ð͵ļòҪ˵Ã÷. * I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house. ÎÒÏòËû×÷ÁËÏêϸ˵Ã÷, ºÃÈÃËûÄÜÕÒµ½ÄÇ·¿×Ó. 3 directions [pl] address on a letter, parcel, etc £¨Ðżþ¡¢ °ü¹üµÈÉϵģ©ÐÕÃûµØÖ·: The parcel was returned to the sender because the directions were incorrect. °ü¹üÒòÐÕÃûµØÖ·ÓÐÎó¶øÍ˸øÁ˼ļþÈË. 4 [U] management; supervision; guidance ¹ÜÀí; ¼à¶½; Ö¸µ¼; Ö¸µã: He did the work under my direction. ËûÔÚÎÒµÄÖ¸µ¼ÏÂ×öÕâ¼þÊÂ. * She was entrusted with the direction of the project. ËýÊÜίÍиºÔðÕâÏî¼Æ»®. * He feels the need for firm direction, ie wants sb to guide and advise him. Ëû¸Ðµ½ÐèÒªÓÐÈ˺úõØÖ¸µã×Ô¼º. directional / -FEnl; -FEnl/ adj of direction in space ·½ÏòµÄ; ¶¨ÏòµÄ: a directional aerial, ie one that transmits or receives radio signals in one direction only ¶¨ÏòÌìÏß. direction-finder n radio device that shows the direction from which radio signals are coming ÎÞÏßµç²âÏòÒÇ. directive / dI5rektIv, daI-; dE`rZktIv, daI-/ n official instruction ÕýʽµÄָʾ; ¹Ù·½µÄָʾ; Ö¸Áî: a directive from headquarters calling for increased output ×ܲ¿ÒªÇóÌá¸ß²úÁ¿µÄָʾ. directly / dI5rektlI, daI-; dE`rZktlI, daI-/ adv 1 in a direct line or manner; straight ¾¶Ö±µØ; Ö±½ÓµØ; ̹ÂʵØ; ֱˬµØ: He looked directly at us. ËûÕýÊÓÖøÎÒÃÇ. * directly in front of me ÔÚÎÒµÄÕýÇ°·½ * She's directly responsible to the Minister. ËýÖ±½ÓÊܲ¿³¤Áìµ¼. * She speaks very directly to people. Ëý¶ÔÈË˵»°·Ç³£Ö±ÂÊ. * directly opposite ÕýºÃÏà·´. 2 (a) at once; immediately Á¢¼´; ÂíÉÏ: Come in directly. Á¢¿Ì½øÀ´°É. (b) in a short time ²»¾Ã; ºÜ¿ìµØ: I'll be there directly. ÎҺܿì¾Íµ½. directly conj as soon as Ò»Ù¹; Ò»...¾Í...: I went home directly I had finished work. ÎÒÒ»¸ÉÍê»î¾Í»Ø¼ÒÁË. director / dI5rektE(r), daI-; dE`rZktL, daI-/ n 1 (a) person who manages, esp as a member of a board1(7), the affairs of a business company Ö÷¹Ü; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©¶­ÊÂ. (b) person who is in charge of an institution, a college, etc £¨ÊÂÒµ»ú¹¹¡¢ ѧԺµÈµÄ£©¸ºÔðÈË; Êð³¤; Ìü³¤; ¾Ö³¤; ´¦³¤; Ôº³¤; У³¤; Ëù³¤; Ö÷ÈÎ: the orchestra's musical director ÀÖÍŵÄÒôÀÖ×ܼà. 2 person in charge of a film, play, etc who supervises and instructs the actors, camera crew and other staff µ¼ÑÝ. Cf ²Î¿´ producer 2. directorship n (a) position of a director Ö÷¹Ü£¨È維Ê¡¢ ¾Ö³¤¡¢ Ö÷Èεȣ©Ö°Î»; µ¼ÑݵÄְλ. (b) time during which a director holds his position Ö÷¹ÜÈÎÆÚ; µ£Èε¼ÑݵÄÆÚ¼ä. director-general n main administrator of a large organization £¨´ó»ú¹¹µÄ£©Ö÷Òª¹ÜÀíÕß; ×ܲÃ; ×ܼà; ×ܸÉÊÂ. directorate / dI5rektErEt, daI-; dE`rZktErIt, daI-/ n 1 position or office of a director Ö÷¹Ü£¨È維Ê¡¢ ¾Ö³¤¡¢ Ö÷Èεȣ©Ö°Î»»òÖ°Îñ; µ¼ÑݵÄְλ»òÖ°Îñ. 2 board of directors ¶­Ê»á; ÀíÊ»á. directory / dI5rektErI, daI-; dE`rZktErI, daI-/ n (book with a) list of telephone subscribers, business firms, etc of an area, or members of a profession, etc, usu arranged alphabetically µç»°²¾; ÉÌÐÐÃû¼; ÈËÃûµØַ¼. dirge / d\:dV; d[dV/ n (a) song sung at a burial or for a dead person Íì¸è. (b) (infml derog ¿Ú, ±á) mournful song ÓÇÉ˵ĸè; °§¸è. dirigible / 5dIrIdVEbl; `dIrEdVEbl/ n old-fashioned air balloon ¾Éʽ³äÆø·Éͧ. dirk / d\:k; d[k/ n (Scot ËÕ¸ñÀ¼) type of dagger Ò»Öֶ̽£. dirndl / 5d\:ndl; `d[ndl/ n dress with a full wide skirt and a close-fitting bodice ½ôÉíÁ¬ÒÂȹ. dirt / d\:t; d[t/ n [U] 1 matter that is not clean (eg dust, soil, mud), esp when it is where it is not wanted (eg on the skin, on clothes, in buildings) ÎÛ¹¸; »Ò³¾; ³¾¹¸; ÔàÍÁ; ÎÛÄà: His clothes were covered with dirt. ËûµÄÒ·þÃÉÉÏÁ˻ҳ¾. * How can I get the dirt off the walls? ÎÒÔõÑù²ÅÄÜ°ÑǽÉϵÄÎÛ¹¸È¥µôÄØ? 2 loose earth or soil ËÉÍÁ; É¢ÍÁ: a pile of dirt beside a newly-dug trench ÔÚÐÂÍڵŵÇþÅÔµÄÒ»¶ÑÍÁ. 3 (infml ¿Ú) obscene thought or talk ÏÂÁ÷Ïë·¨; ÏÂÁ÷»°: Be quiet! We don't want to hear that kind of dirt! ±ð˵ÁË! ÎÒÃDz»ÏëÌýÄÇÖÖÏÂÁ÷»°! 4 (infml ¿Ú) excrement ÅÅйÎï; ·à±ã; ʺ: a pile of dog dirt on the road ·ÉϵÄÒ»¶Ñ¹·Êº. 5 (infml ¿Ú) malicious gossip ¶ñÒâÖÐÉ˵ÄÏл°: He likes to hear all the dirt about his colleagues. Ëû¾Í°®ÌýÓйØͬʵÄÁ÷ÑÔòãÓï. 6 (idm Ï°Óï) (as) cheap/common as `dirt (infml derog ¿Ú, ±á) vulgar; low-class µÍ¼úµÄ; ϼúµÄ: Don't invite her! She's as common as dirt. ±ðÇëËýÀ´! ËýÊǸö¼ú»õ. dish the dirt => dish2. fling/throw dirt at sb say slanderous things about sb ˵ijÈË»µ»°; ¸øijÈËÁ³ÉÏĨºÚ. treat sb like dirt/a dog => treat. dirt cheap (infml ¿Ú) very cheap(ly) ·Ç³£±ãÒË£¨µÄ£©. dirt farmer (US) farmer who does all his own work, without hired help ×Ô¸ûÅ©. dirt road (US) unpaved country road, made of earth or gravel that has been pressed down Äà·; ÍÁ·; ʯ×Ó·. dirt-track n track made of cinders, etc (eg for motor-cycle races) ÓÃúÔüµÈÆ̵ÄÅܵÀ£¨ÈçÓÃì¶Ä¦Íгµ±ÈÈüµÄ£©. dirty / 5d\:tI; `d[tI/ adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) not clean; covered with dirt °¹ÔàµÄ; ö»öºµÄ; ÎÛ»àµÄ; Óг¾¹¸µÄ: dirty hands, clothes, floors ÔàµÄÊÖ¡¢ Ò·þ¡¢ µØ°å. (b) causing one to be dirty ½«ÈËŪÔàµÄ: a dirty job °¹ÔàµÄ¹¤×÷ * dirty work Ôà»î. 2 (of the weather) rough; stormy £¨Ö¸ÌìÆø£©¶ñÁÓµÄ, Ôã¸âµÄ; ·çÓê½»¼ÓµÄ: I'm glad I don't have to go out on such a dirty night. ÎÒÇìÐÒ×Ô¼º²»±ØÔÚÌìÆøÕâÑù¶ñÁÓµÄÒ¹ÍíÍâ³ö. 3 [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] (of colours) not bright or clear £¨Ö¸ÑÕÉ«£©²»ÏÊÑÞµÄ, °µµ­µÄ: a dirty brown sofa °µºÖÉ«µÄɳ·¢. 4 obscene ÏÂÁ÷µÄ; »ÆÉ«µÄ: dirty book, joke, etc ÏÂÁ÷µÄÊé¡¢ Ц»°µÈ * You've got a dirty mind, ie You have impure thoughts. ÄãÂúÄÔ×ÓÏÂÁ÷ÊÂ. 5 [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] (infml ¿Ú) unfair; underhand ²»¹«ÕýµÄ; ±°ÁÓµÄ; ²»¹âÃ÷Õý´óµÄ; ÒõÏÕµÄ: That's a dirty lie! ºú˵°ËµÀ! * You dirty rat! How could you do a thing like that? ÄãÕâ¸ö²»ÒªÁ³µÄ¶«Î÷, ÕâÖÖÊÂÄ㶼×öµÃ³ö? * That was a mean and dirty thing to do! ×ö³öÄÇÖÖÊÂÕæ¹»±°±ÉÎ޳ܵÄ! 6 (idm Ï°Óï) a dirty old man (infml ¿Ú) older man who takes an unhealthy interest in sex, or in young girls as sexually attractive ÀÏÉ«¹í; ÀÏÒù¹÷. a dirty weekend (esp joc ÓÈ×÷Ï·ÚÊÓï) weekend spent intimately (and often illicitly) with a sexual partner ·çÁ÷µÄÖÜÄ©£¨ÓëÐÔ°éÂÂØ˻죩. (be) a dirty `word thing or idea that is disliked or not respected ²»Ï²»¶µÄ»ò²»Õý¾­µÄÊÂÎï»òÏë·¨: My children think that work is a dirty word! Îҵĺ¢×Ó¶¼¾õµÃ¹¤×÷¶¥ÌÖÑá! (do sb's) `dirty work (do) the tasks that sb else does not like or cannot face £¨×ö£©ËûÈ˲»Ïë×ö»òÄÑÒÔÓ¦¸¶µÄ¹¤×÷: I had to tell them they'd lost their jobs: I always have to do the boss's dirty work (for him). ÎҵöÔËûÃÇ˵ËûÃDZ»¿ª³ýÁË, ÎÒ×ܵÃÌæÀϰ壨³öÃ棩×öÕâÖÖµ¹Ã¹Ê¶ù. do the dirty on sb cheat or betray sb ÆÛƭijÈË; ³öÂôijÈË; ˣŪijÈË; ¶ÔijÈËÍ滨ÕÐ. give sb/get a dirty `look look at sb disapprovingly or in disgust Ñá¶ñµØ¿´ÖøijÈË[ÔâÈË°×ÑÛ]. wash one's dirty linen in public => wash2. dirtily adv. dirty adv 1 (infml ¿Ú) very ºÜ; ·Ç³£: He was carrying a dirty great box. ËûÌáÖøÒ»Ö»´óµÃ²»µÃÁ˵ÄÏä×Ó. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) talk dirty => talk. dirty / 5d\:tI; `d[tI/ v (pt, pp dirtied) [I, Tn] become or make (sth) dirty ±äÔà; ʹ£¨Ä³Î±äÔà; ŪÔࣨijÎ: White gloves dirty easily. °×ÊÖÌ׺ÜÈÝÒ×Ôà. * Don't dirty your new dress. ±ð°ÑÄãµÄÐÂÒ·þŪÔàÁË. dis- pref ǰ׺ (with adjs, advs, ns and vs ááÓëÐÎÈÝ´Ê¡¢ ¸±´Ê¡¢ Ãû´Ê¡¢ ¶¯´Ê½áºÏ) negative, reverse or opposite of ±íʾ·ñ¶¨¡¢ Ïà·´»òÏà¶Ô: dishonest * disagreeably * disagreement * disengage. =>Usage at un- Ó÷¨¼ûun. disability / 9dIsE5bIlEtI; 9dIsE`bIlEtI/ n 1 [U] state of being disabled; incapacity ÎÞÄÜÁ¦; ɥʧÄÜÁ¦; É˲Ð: Physical disability causes mental anguish. ÉúÀíÉ˲лáÒýÆðÐÄÀí¿àÃÆ. 2 [C] thing that disables; lack of sth necessary µ¼ÖÂɥʧÄÜÁ¦µÄÊÂÎï; ²Ð¼²; ȱ·¦±ØÐèµÄÌõ¼þ: She swims well despite her disabilities. ËýËäÈ»ÉíÓвм², È´ÊǸöÓÎÓ¾ºÃÊÖ. * Her lack of experience is a severe disability. Ëýȱ·¦¾­Ñé, ÕâÊǸöºÜ²»ÀûµÄÌõ¼þ. * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a disability pension É˲в¹Öú·Ñ; É˲и§Ðô½ð. disable / dIs5eIbl; dIs`ebl/ v [Tn] make (sb) unable to do sth, esp by making a limb or limbs useless ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©É¥Ê§ÄÜÁ¦; ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©²Ð·Ï£¨ÓÈÖ¸Ö«Ì壩: a soldier disabled by leg wounds ÍȲ¿ÊÜÉËÖ²еÄÊ¿±ø. disabled adj unable to use a limb or limbs ɥʧʹÓÃÖ«ÌåÄÜÁ¦µÄ; Ö«ÌåÓвм²µÄ: a disabled child in a wheelchair ×øÂÖÒεIJм²¶ùͯ. the disabled n [pl v] people who are disabled ²Ð¼²ÈË; É˲ÐÈË: walking aids for the disabled °ïÖú²Ð¼²ÈËÐÐ×ßµÄÆ÷¾ß. disablement n [U]. disabuse / 9dIsE5bju:z; 9dIsE`bjuz/ v [Tn.pr] ~ sb of sth (fml ÎÄ) free sb of (false ideas) È¥µôijÈ˵ģ¨´íÎóÏë·¨£©; ¾ÀÕý; ½ÃÕý: disabuse sb of mistaken notions, false assumptions, etc ʹijÈËÈ¥µô´íÎóµÄ¹Ûµã¡¢ ´íÎóµÄÉèÏëµÈ. disadvantage / 9dIsEd5vB:ntIdV; ?@ -5vAn-; 9dIsEd`vAntIdV/ n 1 unfavourable condition; thing that tends to prevent sb succeeding, making progress, etc ²»ÀûÌõ¼þ; ×è°­³É¹¦¡¢ ½ø²½µÈµÄÊÂÎï; ²»±ãÖ®´¦: The other candidate's main disadvantage is her age. ÁíÒ»ºòÑ¡È˵ÄÖ÷Òª²»ÀûÌõ¼þÊÇËýµÄÄêÁäÎÊÌâ. * The lack of decent public transport is a great disadvantage. ûÓÐÊʵ±µÄ¹«¹²½»Í¨¹¤¾ßÊǺܲ»·½±ãµÄ. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) put sb/be at a disadvantage put sb/be in an unfavourable position ÖÃijÈËì¶[´¦ì¶]²»Àû¾³µØ: His inability to speak French puts him at a disadvantage. Ëû²»»á˵·¨Óï, ÕâʹËûºÜ³Ô¿÷. to sb's disadvantage (fml ÎÄ) damaging sb or his reputation; causing some loss to sb ¶ÔijÈ˲»Àû; ÓÐËðÉùÓþ; ʹijÈ˳Կ÷: rumours to his disadvantage, eg that discredit him ¶ÔËû²»ÀûµÄÒ¥ÑÔ£¨ÈçÓÐËðÆäÃûÓþÕߣ© * It would be to your disadvantage to invest in the project, ie You might lose money. ÄãÔÚÕâÏ³ÌÉÏͶ×Ê, ¿ÉÄÜÒª³Ô¿÷. disadvantaged adj socially or economically deprived Éç»áµØλµÍϵÄ; ±°¼úµÄ; ƶÀ§µÄ; ƶ¼úµÄ: More state help is needed for the disadvantaged sections of the community. ¹ú¼ÒÐèÒªÏòÉçÇøµÄƶÀ§½×²ãÌṩ¸ü¶à¾È¼Ã. the disadvantaged n [pl v] people who are disadvantaged Éç»áµ×²ãµÄÈË: appeals on behalf of the disadvantaged ΪÉç»áµ×²ãµÄÈËËù×÷µÄºôÓõ. disadvantageous / 9dIsAdvB:n5teIdVEs; ?@ -vAn-; dIs9AdvAn`tedVEs/ adj ~ (to sb) causing a disadvantage²»ÀûµÄ; ÒýÆð²»·½±ãµÄ: in a disadvantageous position ´¦ì¶²»ÀûµÄ¾³µØ. disadvantageously adv. disaffected / 9dIsE5fektId; 9dIsE`fZktId/ adj discontented; disloyal ²»ÂúµÄ; ²»ÖÒµÄ: Disaffected members have left to form a new party. ÄÇЩ²»ÖÒ·Ö×ÓÍѵ³Áí×éÁËÒ»¸öе³. disaffection / 9dIsE5fekFn; 9dIsE`fZkFEn/ n [U] discontent that often leads to disloyalty £¨³£Îªµ¼Ö²»Öҵģ©²»Âú, ÀëÐÄÀëµÂ. disafforest / 9dIsE5fCrIst; ?@ -5fR:r-; 9dIsE`fRrIst/ v [Tn] = deforest. disagree / 9dIsE5gri:; 9dIsE`^ri/ v (pt, pp -reed) 1 [I, Ipr] (a) ~ (with sb/sth) (about/on sth) have a different opinion (from sb); not agree ³Ö£¨ÓëijÈË£©²»Í¬µÄ¹Ûµã; £¨ÓëijÈË£©ÓзÖÆç; ²»Í¬Òâ: Even friends sometimes disagree. ¼´±ãÊÇÅóÓÑÒ²ÓÐʱÒâ¼û²»Ò». * disagree with sb/what sb says/sb's decision ²»Í¬ÒâijÈ˵Ĺ۵ã[ijÈ˵Ļ°/ijÈ˵ľö¶¨] * We disagreed on future plans. ÎÒÃǶÔδÀ´µÄ¼Æ»®²úÉúÁË·ÖÆç. (b) ~ (with sth) not match; be different ²»·û; ²»Ò»ÖÂ; ²»Í¬: The reports from Rome disagree with those from Milan. ÂÞÂíµÄ±¨µÀÓëÃ×À¼µÄ²»·û. Cf ²Î¿´ agree. 2 (phr v) disagree with sb (of food, climate) have a bad effect on sb; cause sb to feel unwell £¨Ö¸Ê³Îï¡¢ Æøºò£©¶ÔijÈËÓв»Á¼Ó°Ïì, Óк¦ì¶Ä³ÈË, ʹijÈ˲»Êæ·þ: I feel sick: that fish disagreed with me. ÎҸе½¶ñÐÄ, ÄÇÌõÓã³ÔµÃÎÒ²»Êæ·þ. disagreeable / 9dIsE5gri:Ebl; 9dIsE`^riEbl/ adj unpleasantÁîÈ˲»¿ìµÄ; ÌÖÑáµÄ; ²»ºÏÒâµÄ; ±ðŤµÄ: a disagreeable person, mood, experience ÁîÈ˲»Óä¿ìµÄÈË¡¢ ÇéÐ÷¡¢ ¾­Àú. disagreeableness n [U]. disagreeably /-EblI; -EblI/ adv. disagreement / 9dIsE5gri:mEnt; 9dIsE`^rimEnt/ n 1 [U] ~ (about/on sth) disagreeing; lack of agreement ·ÖÆç; ²»Ò»ÖÂ; Òâ¼û²»ºÏ: total disagreement on how to proceed ¶Ôì¶ÈçºÎ¼ÌÐø½øÐÐ, Òâ¼ûÍêÈ«²»Í¬. 2 [C] instance of this; difference of opinion ·ÖÆç; Òâ¼û²»ºÏ: disagreements between colleagues ͬʼäµÄÒâ¼û·ÖÆç. disallow / 9dIsE5laU; 9dIsE`laJ/ v [Tn] refuse to accept (sth) as valid ²»³ÐÈÏ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎÓÐЧ; ²»½ÓÊÜ; ²»×¼; ²µ»Ø: disallow a claim, goal ²»½ÓÊÜÒªÇó¡¢ ½øÇòÎÞЧ. disappear / 9dIsE5pIE(r); 9dIsE`pIr/ v 1 [I] (a) no longer be visible; vanish Ïûʧ; ʧ×Ù: The plane disappeared behind a cloud. ·É»ú·ÉÈëÔÆÖв»¼ûÁË. * The rash soon disappeared. Õî×Ӻܿì¾ÍÏûÁË. (b) stop existing ²»¸´´æÔÚ: His anger soon disappeared. ËûµÄÅ­ÆøÒ»»á¶ù¾ÍÏûÁË. * The problem won't just disappear. ÕâÎÊÌâ²»»á¾ÍÕâÑù²»ÁËÁËÖ®µÄ. (c) be lost, esp without explanation ÒÅʧ£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÎÞ·¨½âÊ͵ģ©: My passport has disappeared: it was in my pocket a moment ago. ÎҵĻ¤ÕÕ¶ªÁË, ¸Õ²Å»¹ÔÚ¿Ú´üÀïÄØ. * (euph Íñ) Things tend to disappear when he's around, ie He steals them. Ö»ÒªÓÐËûÔÚ, ¶«Î÷¾Í°®¶ª. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) do a disappearing act disappear, esp when needed or being looked for ʧȥ×ÙÓ°£¨ÓÈÖ¸±»ÐèÒª»òÑ°ÕÒʱ£©: It's typical of Bob to do a disappearing act just when there's work to be done! Ò»ÓÐÊÂÇéÒª×ö, ±«²ª¾ÍûÈËÓ°¶ùÁË, Ëû¾ÍÊÇÕâÑù! disappearance / -5pIErEns; -`pIrEns/ n (a) [U] act or fact of disappearing Ïûʧ; ʧ×Ù; ¶ªÊ§: At first nobody noticed the child's disappearance. Æð³õË­¶¼Ã»ÓÐ×¢Ò⵽Сº¢²»¼ûÁË. (b) [C] instance of sb disappearing, eg because he has been murdered or kidnapped ʧ×Ù£¨È类ıɱ»ò°ó¼Ü£©; ʧ×Ù°¸: Most disappearances are the result of the terrorist activity. ´ó¶àÊýµÄʧ×Ù°¸¶¼ÊÇ¿Ö²À·Ö×ÓÔì³ÉµÄ. disappoint / 9dIsE5pRInt; 9dIsE`pRInt/ v [Tn] 1 fail to be or do sth as good, interesting etc as was hoped for or desired or expected by (sb) ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©Ê§Íû: The tenor disappointed us by singing flat. ÄÇλÄиßÒô¸èÊÖµ÷ÃŶù³ªµÃºÜµÍ, Ê®·ÖɨÐË. * I can't disappoint my public by retiring. Îҿɲ»ÄÜÍËÐÝ, ·ñÔò´ó¼Ò»áʧÍûµÄ. * Don't disappoint me by being late again. ±ðÔٳٵ½ÁË, ²»Òª½ÐÎÒʧÍû. * I've often been disappointed in love, ie not been loved in return by sb I have loved. ÎÒ¾­³£Ç鳡ʧÒâ. 2 prevent (hope, plan, etc) from becoming reality ʹ£¨Ï£Íû¡¢ ¼Æ»®µÈ£©²»ÄÜʵÏÖ: disappoint sb's expectations, sb's calculations, etc ʹijÈ˵ÄÏ£ÍûÆÆÃ𡢠ʹijÈ˵ÄÈçÒâËãÅÌÂä¿Õ. disappointed adj ~ (about/at sth); ~ (in/with sb/sth); ~ (to do sth/that...) sad or dissatisfied because sb has failed, some desired event has not happened, etc ʧÍûµÄ; ʧÒâµÄ; ÊÜ´ìµÄ: be disappointed about/at sb's failure ¶ÔijÈ˵Äʧ°Ü¸Ðµ½Ê§Íû * I was disappointed with his performance. ËûµÄ±íÏÖÁîÎÒʧÍû. * I'm disappointed in you: I expected you to win. ÄãÈÃÎÒʧÍûÁË, ÎÒ±¾À´Ö¸ÍûÄãÄÜÓ®µÄ. * He was disappointed to hear they were not coming. ËûÌý˵ËûÃDz»À´ÁË, ¸Ðµ½ºÜɨÐË. * I was disappointed not to be chosen. ÎÒû±»ÌôÖÐ, ¸Ðµ½ºÜ¾ÚÉ¥. disappointedly adv. disappointing adj causing sb to be disappointed ÁîÈËʧÍûµÄ; ɨÐ˵Ä: a disappointing novel ÁîÈËʧÍûµÄС˵ * The weather this summer has been disappointing. ½ñÄêÏÄÌìµÄÌìÆøһֱʹÈ˲»Í´¿ì. disappointingly adv: Disappointingly, he had nothing new to show us. Ëûûʲ÷áÐÂÏʶ«Î÷¸øÎÒÃÇ¿´, ʹÈ˸е½Ê§Íû. disappointment / 9dIsE5pRIntmEnt; 9dIsE`pRIntmEnt/ n 1 [U] being disappointed ʧÍû; ¾ÚÉ¥: To our great disappointment, it rained on the day of the picnic. ʹÎÒÃÇ´óʧËùÍûµÄÊÇÒ°²ÍÄÇÌìÏÂÆðÓêÀ´ÁË. 2 [C] ~ (to sb) person or thing that disappoints ÁîÈËʧÍûµÄÈË»òÊÂÎï: Not getting the job was a terrible disappointment. µÃ²»µ½ÄǷݹ¤×÷, ½ÐÈËʧÍû¼«ÁË. * His children are a disappointment to him. ËûµÄº¢×ÓÈÃËû¸Ðµ½Ê§Íû. disapprobation / 9dIs9AprE5beIFn; 9dIsAprE`beFEn/ n (fml ÎÄ) [U] disapproval ·´¶Ô; ·ÇÄÑ; ²»×¼. disapprove / 9dIsE5pru:v; 9dIsE`pruv/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (of sb/sth) consider (sb/sth) to be bad, immoral, foolish, etc ÈÏΪ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©²»ºÃ¡¢ ²»µÀµÂ¡¢ ²»Ã÷ÖǵÈ; ²»ÔÞ³É; ·´¶Ô: She wants to be an actress, but her parents disapprove (of her intentions). ËýÏëµ±ÑÝÔ±, µ«Ëý¸¸Ä¸²»Ô޳ɣ¨ËýµÄÏë·¨£©. disapproval / -5pru:vl; -`pruvl/ n [U] not approving (of sb/sth) ²»ÔÞͬ; ·´¶Ô: her disapproval of my methods Ëý¶ÔÎÒËùÓõķ½Ê½µÄ·´¶Ô * He shook his head in disapproval, ie to show that he disapproved. ËûÒ¡ÁËÒ¡Í·±íʾ·´¶Ô. disapproving adj showing disapproval ±íʾ·´¶ÔµÄ: a disapproving look, frown, etc ²»ÒÔΪȻµÄÑù×Ó¡¢ ÖåÆðüͷ±íʾ²»ÔÞ³É. disapprovingly adv: When I suggested a drink, she coughed disapprovingly. ÎÒÌáÒéºÈÒ»±­Ê±, Ëý¿ÈÁËһϱíʾ·´¶Ô. disarm / dIs5B:m; dIs`Brm/ v 1 [Tn] take weapons away from (sb) ½É£¨Ä³ÈË£©µÄе; ½â³ý£¨Ä³ÈË£©µÄÎä×°: Five hundred rebels were captured and disarmed. Îå°ÙÃûÔì·´Õß±»·ý»ñ²¢½ÉÁËе. 2 [I] (of nations) reduce the size of or abolish one's armed forces; give up one's weapons £¨Ö¸¹ú¼Ò£©²Ã¼õ¾ü±¸, ²Ã¾ü, ½â³ýÎä×°: The superpowers are unlikely to disarm completely. ³¬¼¶´ó¹ú²»Ì«¿ÉÄܳ¹µ×²Ã¾ü. 3 [Tn] make (sb) less suspicious, angry, hostile, etc Ïû³ý£¨Ä³ÈË£©µÄÒÉÂÇ¡¢ Å­Æø¡¢ µÐÒâµÈ: By frankly admitting he wasn't a brilliant player, he disarmed us all. Ëû̹ÂʵسÐÈÏ×Ô¼º²¢·Ç¸ßÊÖ, ÈÃÎÒÃǶ¼·ÅÏÂÐÄÀ´. * I felt angry, but her smile disarmed me. ÎÒ¶¯ÆøÁË, µ«ËýһЦ, ÓÖ½«ÎÒµÄÆø¶ù¸øÏûÁË. disarmament / dIs5B:mEmEnt; dIs`BrmEmEnt/ n [U] disarming or being disarmed (disarm 2) ½â³ýÎä×°; ²Ã¾ü: nuclear disarmament, ie giving up nuclear weapons ºËÎäÆ÷µÄ²Ã¼õ * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a disarmament conference ²Ã¾ü»áÒé. disarming adj that disarms (disarm 3) Ïû½âËûÈ˵ÄÒÉÂÇ¡¢ Å­Æø¡¢ µÐÒâµÈµÄ: her disarming smile, frankness, charm, etc ËýÄÇÄÜ»¯µÐΪÓѵÄ΢Ц¡¢ ̹ÂÊ¡¢ ÷ÈÁ¦µÈ. disarmingly adv: disarmingly frank, honest, etc .... disarrange / 9dIsE5reIndV; 9dIsE`rendV/ v [Tn] (fml ÎÄ) (a) make (sth) disorderly or untidy ʹ£¨Ä³Î²»ÕûÆë; ŪÂÒ£¨Ä³Î: disarrange sb's papers, hair ŪÂÒijÈ˵ÄÎļþ¡¢ Í··¢. (b) upset (sth); disturb ´òÂÒ£¨Ä³Ê£©; ÈÅÂÒ: Her sudden departure has disarranged my plans. ËýͻȻÀëÈ¥, ´òÂÒÁËÎҵļƻ®. disarrangement n [U]. disarray / 9dIsE5reI; 9dIsE`re/ n [U] state in which people or things are no longer properly organized »ìÂÒ; ÎÉÂÒ: The troops fled in disarray. ²¿¶Ó²Ö»ÊÌÓÉ¢. * Changing offices has left my papers in complete disarray. °ì¹«ÊÒ°áǨ, ʹÎÒµÄÎļþÈ«²¿ÂÒÁËÌ×ÁË. disassociate = dissociate. disaster / dI5zB:stE(r); ?@ -z5As-; dIz`AstL/ n 1 [C] (a) event that causes great harm or damage, eg a fire, a serious defeat, the loss of a large sum of money ÔÖÄÑ; ÔÖ»ö; ÔÖº¦: Thousands died in the disaster. ÊýǧÈËËÀì¶ÕⳡÔÖ»ö. * Losing your job needn't be such a disaster. Äã²»±Ø°Ñ¶ªÁ˹¤×÷¿´³ÉÊÇ´óÄÑÁÙÍ·. * a natural disaster, ie an accident, such as an earthquake or a flood, that is not caused by human beings ×ÔÈ»ÔÖº¦. (b) (infml ¿Ú) person or thing that is a complete failure ³¹µ×ʧ°ÜµÄÈË»òÊÂÎï: As a teacher, he's a disaster. ËûÊǸöºÜÔã¸âµÄ½Ìʦ. * The play's first night was a disaster. Õâ³öÏ·Í·Ò»Íí¾ÍÑÝÔÒÁË. 2 [U] failure ʧ°Ü: His career is a story of utter disaster. ËûÔÚÊÂÒµÉÏÒ»ÊÂÎÞ³É. disastrous / dI5zB:strEs; ?@ -z5As-; dIz`AstrEs/ adj being or causing a disaster ÔÖÄÑÐÔµÄ; Ôì³ÉÔÖº¦µÄ; ʧ°ÜµÄ: disastrous floods ÔÖÄÑÐԵĺéË® * a defeat that was disastrous to the country ¸ø¹ú¼Ò´øÀ´ÔÖÄѵÄÒ»³¡°ÜÕÌ * Buying this house was a disastrous step: it's going to have a main road built behind it. ÂòÏÂÕâËù·¿×ÓÊÇÒ»´óʧ²ß, ÒòΪ·¿áá¾ÍÒª½¨Ò»Ìõ¹«Â·ÁË. disastrously adv. disaster area area affected by a disaster, eg an earthquake, floods, etc ÔÖÇø: declare a place a disaster area Ðû²¼Ä³µØΪÔÖÇø. disavow / 9dIsE5vaU; 9dIsE`vaJ/ v [Tn] (fml ÎÄ) say one does not know of, is not responsible for, or does not approve of (sth) ·ñÈÏ, ²»³ÐÈÏ, ²»Ô޳ɣ¨Ä³Ê£©: She disavows any part (ie says she was not involved) in the plot. Ëý·ñÈϲÎÓëÁËÕâÒ»ÃÜı. disavowal / -5vaUEl;-`vaJEl/ n [C, U]. disband / dIs5bAnd; dIs`bAnd/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) stop operating as an organization; break up £¨Ê¹×éÖ¯¡¢ »ú¹¹µÈ£©½âÉ¢, É¢»ï, ½âÌå: The regiment disbanded when the war was over. Õ½Õù½áÊøáá, Õâ¸öÍžͽâÉ¢ÁË. * disband a club, society, etc ½âÉ¢¾ãÀÖ²¿¡¢ ÉçÍŵÈ. disbandment n [U]. disbelieve / 9dIsbI5li:v; 9dIsbE`liv/ v 1 [Tn] refuse to believe (sb/sth) ²»ÏàÐÅ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©: I disbelieve every word you say. Äã˵µÄÎÒÒ»¾ä¶¼²»ÐÅ. * You have no reason to disbelieve their account of what happened. Äã²»Ó¦¸Ã²»ÐÅËûÃǶÔÊÂÇé¾­¹ýµÄÐðÊö. 2 [Ipr] ~ in sb/sth not accept the existence of (sth) ²»ÏàÐÅ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎµÄ´æÔÚ: disbelieve in ghosts ²»ÏàÐÅÓйí. disbelief / 9dIsbI5li:f; 9dIsbE`lif/ n [U] lack of belief; failure to believe ²»ÏàÐÅ; »³ÒÉ: He listened in disbelief to this extraordinary story. ËûÂú¸¹ÒÉ»óµØÌýÖøÕâ¸öÀëÆæµÄ¹ÊÊÂ. Cf ²Î¿´ unbelief. disburse / dIs5b\:s; dIs`b[s/ v [Tn] (fml ÎÄ) pay out (money) Ö§¸¶£¨Ç®£©: funds disbursed for travelling expenses ÓÃì¶Ö§¸¶ÂÃÐзÑÓõĿî×Ó. disbursement n (fml ÎÄ) (a) [U] paying out money Ö§¸¶; Ö§³ö. (b) [C] sum of money paid out ¸¶³ö¿î; Ö§³ö¶î. disc (also esp US disk) / dIsk; dIsk/ n 1 flat thin round plate, eg a coin ±âƽµÄÔ²ÅÌ×´ÎÈçÓ²±Ò£© 2 small flat object of any shape СµÄ±âƽÎïÌå: He wears an identity disc round his neck. Ëû²±×ÓÉϹÒÖøÉí·ÖÅƶù. 3 round surface that appears to be flat ËƱâƽµÄÔ²Ãæ: the moon's disc ÔÂÂÖ. 4 = record1 3: recordings on disc and cassette ³ªÆ¬ºÍºÐʽ´Å´øÉϵļÒô. 5 (anatomy ½â) layer of cartilage between the bones of the spine ×µ¹Ç¼äµÄÈí¹Ç²ã; ×µ¼äÅÌ: a slipped disc, ie one that is slightly dislocated Í»³öµÄ×µ¼äÅÌ£¨¼´Çá΢´í룩. disc brake brake which consists of a flat plate pressed against a rotating plate at the centre of a (car) wheel ÅÌʽÖƶ¯Æ÷. Cf ²Î¿´ drum brake (drum1). disc harrow harrow with discs instead of teeth Ô²ÅÌ°Ò£¨Ó붤°ÒÏà¶Ô£©. disc jockey (abbr Ëõд DJ) person who plays and comments on recorded popular music, esp on radio or TV Á÷ÐÐÒôÀÖ½ÚÄ¿Ö÷³ÖÈË£¨ÓÈÖ¸Ôڹ㲥»òµçÊÓÉÏ£©. discard / dI5skB:d; dIs`kBrd/ v [Tn] (a) throw (sth) out or away ÈÓµô, ¶ªÆú£¨Ä³Î: old, discarded clothes ÈÓµôµÄ¾ÉÒ·þ. (b) stop using, wearing, etc (sth that is no longer useful) ²»ÔÙʹÓÃ, ²»ÔÙ´©´÷£¨ÒÑûÓõÄÎïÆ·£©: discard one's winter clothes in spring ´ºÌìÀﻻ϶¬×° * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) discard outdated beliefs Å×Æú¹ýʱµÄÐÅÑö. (c) give up (unwanted playing-cards) ´ò³ö£¨ÎÞÓõÄÅÆ£©; ³ö£¨ÅÆ£©: She discarded a four, and picked up a king. Ëý´ò³öÒ»ÕÅËĵãµÄÅÆ, ×¥ÆðÒ»ÕÅK. discard / 5dIskB:d; `dIskBrd/ n card or cards discarded in a card-game; discarded thing £¨ÔÚÅÆÏ·ÖУ©´ò³öµÄÅÆ; ·ÏÆúµÄ¶«Î÷. discern / dI5s\:n; dI`s[n/ v [Tn] see (sth) clearly (with the senses or the mind), esp with an effort ¿´³ö, ʶ±ð, ±æÈÏ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ£¨ÓÈÖ¸Ðè·ÑÁ¦£©: In the gloom I could only just discern the outline of a building. ÔÚºÚ°µÖÐÎÒÖ»ÄÜÒÀÏ¡·Ö±æ³öÒ»×ù½¨ÖþÎïµÄÂÖÀªÀ´. * One can faintly discern the flavour of lemon. ¿ÉÒÔÒþÔ¼¾õµÃÓÐÒ»µãÄûÃÊζ. * discern sb's true intentions ŪÇåijÈ˵ÄÕæʵÒâͼ. discernible adj that can just be discerned ÒÀÏ¡¿É±æµÄ. discerning adj (approv °ý) showing careful judgement ʶ±ðÁ¦Ç¿µÄ; Óж´²ìÁ¦µÄ: She is a very discerning art critic. ËýÊÇλÑÛ¹âÃôÈñµÄÒÕÊõÆÀÂÛ¼Ò. discernment n [U] ability to judge well; insight ʶ±ðÄÜÁ¦; ¶´²ìÁ¦. discharge / dIs5tFB:dV; dIs`tFBrdV/ v 1 [Tn] unload (a ship); unload (cargo) from a ship ´Ó£¨´¬£©ÉÏж»õ; ½«£¨»õÎ´Ó´¬ÉÏжÏÂ; ж´¬. 2 [I, Tn] give or send out (liquid, gas, electric current, etc) ·Å³ö£¨ÒºÌå¡¢ ÆøÌå¡¢ µçÁ÷µÈ£©; ÅÅ·Å: The Nile discharges (ie flows) into the Mediterranean. ÄáÂÞºÓÁ÷ÈëµØÖк£. * The sewers discharge (their contents) into the sea. ÏÂË®¹ÜµÀ½«ÎÛÎïÅÅÈë´óº£. * Lightning is caused by clouds discharging electricity. ÉÁµçÊÇÓÉÔƲã·Åµç²úÉúµÄ. * The wound is discharging (pus). ÉË¿ÚÕýÔÚÁ÷ŧ. 3 [Tn] (a) fire (a gun etc) ¿ª£¨Ç¹Åڵȣ©: The rifle was discharged accidently. ²½Ç¹×ß»ðÁË. (b) launch (eg a flying weapon) Éä³ö£¨Èç·ÉÐÐÎäÆ÷£©: arrows discharged at the enemy ÉäÏòµÐÈ˵ļý. 4 [Tn] give official permission for (sb) to leave, eg after he has carried out a duty ×¼Ðí£¨Ä³ÈË£©À뿪; ·ÅÐÐ; Dzɢ; ÊÍ·Å: discharge a soldier, patient, etc Åú׼ʿ±øÍËÎé¡¢ ×¼Ðí²¡È˳öÔº * The accused man was found not guilty and discharged. ±»¸æÄÐ×Ó±»ÅÐÎÞ×ï¶ø»ñÊÍ. * The members of the jury were discharged. ÅãÉóÔ±¶¼½âÉ¢ÁË. * a discharged bankrupt, ie sb who has been bankrupt, has done what the court requires, and has no further obligation to the court ½â³ýÕ®ÎñµÄÆƲúÕߣ¨ÒÑÖ´Ðз¨Í¥¹æ¶¨¶øÎÞÆäËûÒåÎñµÄÆƲúÕߣ©. 5 [Tn] (fml ÎÄ) (a) pay (a debt) Çå³¥£¨Õ®Îñ£©. (b) perform (a duty) Ö´ÐУ¨ÈÎÎñ£©; ¾¡£¨Ö°£©: She undertook to discharge all the responsibilities of a Minister. Ëý³Ðµ£ÁË×ö²¿³¤µÄËùÓÐÔðÈÎ. discharge / 5dIstFB:dV; `dIstFBrdV/ n 1 [U] discharging or being discharged ж»õ; ÅÅ·Å; ¿ª»ð; ·¢Éä; ×¼ÐíÀ뿪; »ñ×¼À뿪; ³¥»¹; ÐÐʹ: the discharge of cargo ж»õ * the discharge of water from the reservoir Ë®¿âµÄ·ÅË® * the accidental discharge of a rifle ²½Ç¹µÄ×ß»ð * After his discharge from the army, he went to Canada. ËûÍËÒÛááµ½¼ÓÄôóÈ¥ÁË. * money accepted in full discharge of a debt ËùÊÕµ½µÄÈ«²¿Õ®¿î * the conscientious discharge of one's duties ¾¡ÖÒÖ°ÊØ. 2 [U, C] that which is discharged (discharge1 2) ÅŷųöµÄÎïÌå: The wound hasn't healed there's still some/a discharge, ie it is still producing pus. ÉË¿ÚûºÃ, »¹ÓÐЩ·ÖÃÚÎï. disciple / dI5saIpl; dI`saIpl/ n follower of a religious, political, artistic, etc leader or teacher £¨×ڽ̡¢ ÕþÖΡ¢ ÒÕÊõµÈÁìÐäÈËÎï»òµ¼Ê¦µÄ£©×·ËæÕß, ÃÅͽ, ÐÅͽ. disciplinarian / 9dIsEplI5neErIEn; 9dIsEplIn`ZrIEn/ n person who believes in strict discipline ÑϸñÖ´ÐмÍÂÉÕß; ÑÏÊؼÍÂÉÕß: a good/strict/poor disciplinarian ÄÜ[Ñϸñ/²»ÄÜ]Ö´ÐмÍÂÉÕß * He's no disciplinarian, ie He does not or cannot maintain discipline. Ëû²»ÄÜά³Ö¼ÍÂÉ. discipline / 5dIsIplIn; `dIsEplIn/ n 1 (a) [U] training, esp of the mind and character, aimed at producing self-control, obedience, etc ѵÁ·, ¶ÍÁ·, Ä¥Á·£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÔÚÖÇÁ¦ºÍÆ·µÂ·½Ã棩: school discipline ѧУµÄѵÁ· * Strict discipline is imposed on army recruits. бøÊܵ½ÑϸñµÄѵÁ·. * monastic discipline ɮµÄÐÞÐÐ. (b) [U] result of such training; ordered behaviour, eg of schoolchildren, soldiers ¼ÍÂÉ; ·ç¼Í: The soldiers showed perfect discipline under fire. Ê¿±øÔÚǹÁÖµ¯ÓêÖÐÑÏÊؾü¼Í. * The children are happy at the school, but they lack discipline. º¢×ÓÃÇÔÚѧУÀïºÜ¿ì»î, µ«ºÜÉ¢Âþ. 2 [C] (a) method by which training may be given ѵÁ··½Ê½: Yoga is a good discipline for learning to relax. Ҫѧ»áÉíÐÄËɳÚ, è¤ç칦ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÓÐЧµÄ¶ÍÁ¶·½·¨. (b) set rules for conduct ÐÐΪ׼Ôò. 3 [U] punishment ´¦·£; ´¦·Ö: the teacher's cruel discipline ¸Ã½ÌʦʩÓèµÄ²Ð¿á´¦·£. 4 [C] branch of knowledge; subject of instruction ѧ¿Æ; ½Ìѧ¿ÆÄ¿: scientific disciplines ¿Æѧ¿ÆÄ¿. disciplinary / 5dIsIplInErI; ?@ -nerI; `dIsEplIn9ZrI/ adj concerning discipline ÓйØѵÁ·µÄ; ÓйؼÍÂɵÄ; Óйسʹ¦µÄ; ÓйØѧ¿ÆµÄ: disciplinary measures, problems, etc ¼ÍÂÉÉϵĴëÊ©¡¢ ÎÊÌâµÈ * a disciplinary hearing, eg of a soldier accused of an offence ³Í½äÉóѶ£¨ÈçÉóÎÊÎ¥¼ÍÊ¿±øÕߣ©. discipline / 5dIsIplIn; `dIsE9plIn/ v 1 [Tn, Cn.t] train (sb/sth) to be obedient, self-controlled, skilful, etc ѵÁ·, ѵµ¼, ¹Ü½Ì£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]£©: a well/badly disciplined orchestra, football team, etc ѵÁ·ÓÐËصÄ[ȱ·¦ÑµÁ·µÄ]¹ÜÏÒÀÖ¶Ó¡¢ ×ãÇò¶ÓµÈ * Parents have to discipline their children. ×ö¸¸Ä¸µÄÐë¹Ü½Ì×ÓÅ®. * You must discipline yourself to finish your work on time. Äã±ØÐëÑϸñÒªÇó×Ô¼º°´Ê±Íê³ÉÈÎÎñ. 2 [Tn] punish (sb) ´¦·£, ´¦·Ö£¨Ä³ÈË£©: The teacher disciplined the class by giving them extra homework. ÄǽÌʦ²¼ÖöîÍâµÄ¼ÒÍ¥×÷ÒµÀ´´¦·£Ñ§Éú. disclaim / dIs5kleim; dIs`klem/ v [Tn, Tg] say that one does not have (sth); renounce Éù³ÆûÓУ¨Ä³ÊÂÎ; ·ñÈÏ; ·ÅÆú: The gang disclaimed all responsibility for the explosion, ie said they did not cause it. Õâ¸ö·Ë°ïÉù³ÆÓëÕâ´Î±¬Õ¨Ê¼þºÁÎÞ¹Øϵ. * She disclaimed ownership of the vehicle. Ëý·ÅÆúÁËÕâÁ¾³µµÄËùÓÐȨ. disclaimer n statement that disclaims ·ñÈÏijÊÂÎïµÄÉùÃ÷; ·ÅÆúijÊÂÎïµÄÉùÃ÷: to issue/send a disclaimer ·¢±íÉùÃ÷¼ÓÒÔ·ñÈÏ. disclose / dIs5klEUz; dIs`kloz/ v (fml ÎÄ) (a) [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) allow sth to be seen ʹijÎïÏÔ¶: He opened the box, disclosing the contents (to the audience). Ëû´ò¿ªºÐ×Ó, ¶³öÀïÃæµÄ¶«Î÷£¨¸ø¹ÛÖÚ¿´£©. (b) [Tn, Tf, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] ~sth (to sb) make sth known ¹«¿ªÄ³ÊÂ; ͸¶ijÊÂ: refuse to disclose one's name and address ¾Ü¾ø͸¶×Ô¼ºµÄÐÕÃûµØÖ· * The Government disclosed that another diplomat has been arrested for spying. Õþ¸®Í¸Â¶, ÓÖÓÐÒ»ÃûÍâ½»¹ÙÒò¼äµý×ï±»²¶. * She wouldn't disclose her friend's whereabouts to the police. Ëý²»Ô¸°ÑËýÅóÓѵÄÏÂÂä¸æËß¾¯·½. disclosure / dIs5klEUVE(r); dIs`kloVL/ n (a) [U] making sth known ¹«¿ª; ͸¶: the magazine's disclosure of defence secrets ¸ÃÔÓÖ¾¶Ô·ÀÎñÄÚÄ»µÄ͸¶. (b) [C] thing, esp a secret, that is made known ±»¹«¿ªµÄÊÂÇé; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©±»Í¸Â¶µÄÃØÎÅ: startling disclosures of police brutality ½Ò·¢¾¯²ì±©ÐеľªÈËÏûÏ¢. disco / 5dIskEU; `dIsko/ n (pl ~s) (also discotheque / 5dIskEtek; `dIskE9tZk1 club, party, etc, usu with flashing lights, where people dance to recorded pop music µÏ˹¿ÆÎèÌü; µÏ˹¿ÆÎè»á: Is there a good disco round here? ¸½½üÓÐÏñÑùµÄµÏ˹¿ÆÎèÌüÂð? 2 equipment that produces the sound and lighting effects of a disco £¨µÏ˹¿ÆÎèÌüµÄ£©ÒôÏì¼°µÆ¹âЧ¹ûÉ豸: We're hiring a disco for the party. ÎÒÃÇΪÕâ´Î¾Û»á×âÓÃÒ»Ì×µÏ˹¿ÆÎèÌüÓõÄÉ豸. disco dancing modern popular dancing with no fixed steps, with or without a partner µÏ˹¿ÆÎè. disco music type of music played in discos µÏ˹¿ÆÒôÀÖ. discolour (US discolor) / dIs5kQlE(r); dIs`kQlL/ v 1 [Tn] change or spoil the colour of (sth) ʹ£¨Ä³Î±äÉ«; ʹ£¨Ä³ÎÍËÉ«: Smoking discolours the teeth. ÎüÑÌ»áʹÑÀ³Ý±äÉ«. 2 [I] (of colour) change or be spoilt £¨Ö¸ÑÕÉ«£©±ä»¯, ±äÉ«, ÍËÉ«. discoloration / 9dIskQlE5reIFn; 9dIskQlE`reFEn/ n (a) [U] process of discolouring ±äÉ«; ÍËÉ«: some discoloration of the paintwork ÆáƤ¶ùµÄÉÙÐíÍËÉ«. (b) [C] discoloured spot; stain ±äÉ«µã; ÍËÉ«µã; ÎÛµã. discomfit / dIs5kQmfIt; dIs`kQmfIt/ v [Tn] (fml ÎÄ) confuse or embarrass (sb) ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©À§»ó¡¢ ÞÏÞλòÀDZ·: be discomfited by rude questions ÒòËûÈËÌá³öµÄÎÊÌâ´Ö±É¶ø¸Ðµ½ÞÏÞÎ. discomfiture / dIs5kQmfItFE(r); dIs`kQmfItFL/ n [U]: a look, air, expression, etc of discomfiture ÀDZ·µÄÉñÉ«¡¢ Ñù×Ó¡¢ ±íÇéµÈ. discomfort / dIs5kQmfEt; dIs`kQmfLt/ n 1 (a) [U] lack of comfort; slight pain ²»Êæ·þ; ²»ÊÊ; Çá΢µÄ²¡Í´: He still suffers considerable discomfort from his injury. ËûÒòÄÇ´ÎÊÜÉËÖÁ½ñÈÔÆĸв»ÊÊ. (b) [C] thing that causes this ʹÈ˲»Êæ·þ»ò²»ÊʵÄÊÂÇé: the discomforts of travel ÂÃÐеÄÖî¶à²»±ã. 2 [U] mental unease; embarrassment ²»°²; ²»Í´¿ì. discommode / 9dIskE5mEUd; 9dIskE`mod/ v [Tn] (fml ÎÄ) cause (sb) inconvenience ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©²»±ã; ¸ø£¨Ä³ÈË£©ÌíÂé·³; ´ò½Á£¨Ä³ÈË£©. discompose / 9dIskEm5pEUz; 9dIskEm`poz/ v [Tn] (fml ÎÄ) make (sb) feel uneasy or uncomfortable ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©¸Ðµ½²»°²»ò²»Êæ·þ. discomposure / 9dIskEm-5pEUVE(r); 9dIskEm`poVL/ n [U]. disconcert / 9dIskEn5s\:t; 9dIskEn`s[t/ v [Tn usu passive ͨ³£ÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] cause (sb) to feel confused, upset or embarrassed ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©¸Ðµ½À§»ó¡¢ ²»°²»òÞÏÞÎ: He was disconcerted to find the other guests formally dressed. Ëû¿´µ½ÆäËû¿ÍÈ˶¼´©µÃÕýÕý¾­¾­µÄ, ¾õµÃºÜÞÏÞÎ. disconcerted adj: a disconcerted look, glance, tone of voice, etc ²»°²µÄÉñÇé¡¢ һƳ¡¢ Óïµ÷µÈ. disconcerting adj: a disconcerting reply, stare, silence, manner, etc ÁîÈËÄÑ¿°µÄ»Ø´ð¡¢ ×¢ÊÓ¡¢ ³ÁĬ¡¢ ¾ÙÖ¹µÈ. disconcertingly adv. disconnect / 9dIskE5nekt; 9dIskE`nZkt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (from B) detach sth (from sth); undo a connection ʹijÎÓëijÎ·ÖÀë; ¸î¶Ï, Çжϣ¨ÁªÏµ£©; ʹ²»Á¬½Ó: If you don't pay your bills they'll disconnect your electricity/gas. Èô²»¸¶·ÑÓÃ, ¾ÍҪֹͣ¹©Ó¦µçÁ¦[úÆø]. * disconnect a TV (from the power supply), ie unplug it ÇжϵçÊÓ»úµÄµçÔ´ * Operator, I/we have been disconnected, ie I have lost contact with the person I was telephoning. »°ÎñÔ±, ÎÒ[ÎÒÃÇ]µÄÏ߶ÏÁË£¨ÎÒ¸ú¶Ô·½µÄͨ»°ÖжÏÁË£©. disconnected adj (of speech or writing) lacking in order; incoherent £¨Ö¸ÑÔÓï»òÎÄ×Ö£©ÎÞÌõÀíµÄ, ²»Á¬¹áµÄ: the disconnected ramblings of an old man ÀÏÈ˶«À­Î÷³¶µÄßë߶. disconnectedly adv. disconnection n [U]. disconsolate / dIs5kCnsElEt; dIs`kBnslIt/ adj unhappy, esp at the loss of sb/sth; refusing to be comforted ²»¿ìÀÖµÄ, ÓÇÓôµÄ£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÒòʧȥijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©; ¾Ü¾ø½ÓÊÜ°²Î¿µÄ: The death of her father left Mary disconsolate. ÂêÀöÒò¸¸Ç×È¥ÊÀ¶øÉËÐÄÄѹý. disconsolately adv. discontent / 9dIskEn5tent; 9dIskEn`tZnt/ (also discontentment / 9dIskEn5tentmEnt; 9dIskEn`tZntmEnt/) n [U] ~ (with sth) lack of satisfaction ²»Âú; ²»Âú×ã; ²»ÂúÒâ: The strikes were a sign of discontent (with poor pay). ÄÇЩ°Õ¹¤Ê¼þÊÇ£¨¶ÔµÍн£©²»ÂúµÄÒ»ÖÖ±íʾ. discontented adj dissatisifed ²»ÂúµÄ; ²»Âú×ãµÄ; ²»ÂúÒâµÄ: discontented with one's job ¶Ô×Ô¼ºµÄÖ°Òµ²»ÂúÒâ. discontentedly adv. discontinue / 9dIskEn5tInju:; 9dIskEn`tInjJ/ v [I, Tn, Tg] (cause sth to) come to an end; stop (doing sth) ÖÕÖ¹, Öжϣ¨Ä³Ê£©; ÖÐÖ¹£¨½øÐÐijÊ£©: I'll have to discontinue these weekly visits. ÎÒÿÖÜÒ»´ÎµÄ·ÃÎʵÃÍ£Ö¹ÁË. * The local rail service (was) discontinued in 1958. µ±µØµÄÌú·ÔËÊäÔÚ1958ÄêÖжÏÁË. discontinuation / 9dIskEntInjU5eIFn; 9dIskEn9tInjJ`eFEn/ (also discontinuance / 9dIskEn5tInjUEns; 9dIskEn`tInjJEns/) n [U] ending the availability, production, etc of sth ÖÕֹijÊÂÎïµÄ¹©Ó¦¡¢ Éú²úµÈ: the discontinuation of our loss-making products ÎÒÃǵĿ÷±¾²úÆ·µÄÍ£²ú. discontinuous / 9dIskEn5tInjUEs; 9dIskEn`tInjJEs/ adj not continuous; intermittent. discontinuously adv. discord / 5dIskR:d; `dIskRrd/ n (fml ÎÄ) 1 (a) [U] disagreement; quarrelling ²»ºÍ; ·×Õù: A note of discord crept into their relationship. ËûÃǵĹØϵ³öÏÖÁËÁѺÛ. (b) [C] instance of this ²»ºÍ; Õù³³. 2 (music Òô) (a) [U] lack of harmony between notes sounded together ²»Ð³ºÍ. (b) [C] instance of this; unpleasant sound ²»Ð³ºÍµÄÒôµ÷; ´Ì¶úµÄÒôµ÷. Cf ²Î¿´ concord. 3 (idm Ï°Óï)an/the apple of discord => apple. discordance / dI5skR:dEns; dIs`kRrdns/ n [U]. discordant / dI5skR:dEnt; dIs`kRrdnt/ adj 1 [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] not in agreement; conflicting ²»Ò»ÖµÄ; Ï໥³åÍ»µÄ: discordant views, interests, etc ²»Ò»ÖµĹ۵㡢 ÀûÒæµÈ. 2 (of sounds) harsh £¨Ö¸ÉùÒô£©´Ì¶úµÄ. discordantly adv. discotheque = disco. discount / 5dIskaUnt; `dIskaJnt/ n [U, C] 1 amount of money taken off the cost of sth ´ÓijÎïµÄ¼Û¸ñÖпÛÈ¥µÄÊýÄ¿; ÕÛ¿Û: We give (a) 10% discount for cash, ie for immediate payment. Ïֽ𸶿î, ÎÒÃÇÓèÒÔ¾ÅÕÛÓÅ´ý. 2 (commerce ÉÌ) amount deducted for paying a bill of exchange ÕÛÏ¢ÌùÏÖ. Cf ²Î¿´ rebate. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) at a discount (a) at a reduced price ´òÕÛ¿Û; ¼õ¼Û. (b) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) not highly valued; unfashionable ²»ÊÜÖØÊÓµÄ; ²»Ê±Ð˵Ä: Concern for others seems to be at (something of) a discount today. Èç½ñºÃÏñ²»Ð˹ØÐıðÈËÁË. discount house 1 (Brit commerce ÉÌ) establishment which deals in discounts (discount1 2) ÌùÏÖ¹«Ë¾; ÌùÏÖÒøÐÐ. 2 (US) = discount shop. discount shop (also discount store, discount warehouse) shop which regularly sells goods at less than the usual price Á®¼ÛÉ̵ê. discount / dIs5kaUnt; ?@ 5dIskaUnt; `dIskaJnt/ v [Tn] 1 regard (sth) as unimportant or untrue; ignore (sb/sth) ²»ÖØÊÓ, ²»ÏàÐÅ, ²»Àí»á£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©: You can discount what Jack said: he's a dreadful liar. ½Ü¿Ë˵µÄ»°Äã²»±Øµ±Õæ, Ëû¿ÉÊǸö˵»Ñ´óÍõ. 2 (commerce ÉÌ) buy or sell (a bill of exchange) for less than it will be worth when due ½«£¨Æ±¾Ý£©ÌùÏÖ. discountenance / dIs5kaUntInEns; dIs`kaJntEnEns/ v [Tn] (fml ÎÄ) disapprove of (sb); discourage ²»Ô޳ɣ¨Ä³ÈË£©µÄÑÔÐÐ; ²»Ö§³Ö. discourage / dI5skQrIdV; dIs`k[IdV/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from doing sth) take away sb's confidence or hope of doing sth ʹijÈËɥʧ£¨×öijʵģ©ÐÅÐÄ; ʹijÈËйÆø: Don't discourage her; she's doing her best. ±ðйËýµÄÆø, ËýÕý¾¡Á¦×öÄØ. 2 (a) [Tn] try to stop (sth) Éè·¨×èÖ¹£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ: Parents should discourage smoking. ×ö¸¸Ä¸µÄÓ¦¸ÃÉè·¨×èÖ¹×ÓÅ®ÎüÑÌ. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sb from doing sth persuade sb not to do sth ȰijÈ˲»Òª×öijÊÂ: Parents should discourage their children from smoking. ×ö¸¸Ä¸µÄÓ¦¸ÃÈ°×ÓÅ®²»ÒªÎüÑÌ. discouraged adj. discouragement n (a) [U] action of discouraging; state of feeling discouraged È°×è; йÆø. (b) [C] thing that discourages ʹÈËйÆøµÄÊÂÎï; ´ìÕÛ: Despite all these discouragements, she refused to give up. Ëý¾¡¹ÜÓöµ½Ðí¶à´ìÕÛ, È´ÈÔÈ»²»ÆøÄÙ. discouraging adj: a discouraging result, reply ʹÈËйÆøµÄ½á¹û¡¢ »Ø´ð. discouragingly adv. discourse / 5dIskR:s; `dIskRrs/ n 1 [C] (fml ÎÄ) lengthy and serious treatment of a subject in speech or writing ÂÛÎÄ; Ñݽ². 2 [U] (linguistics ÓïÑÔ) continuous piece of spoken or written language £¨¿ÚÍ·»òÊéÃæµÄÁ¬¹áµÄ£©Óï¶Î, »°Óï: analyse the structure of discourse ·ÖÎöÓï¶Î½á¹¹ * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] discourse analysis »°Óï·ÖÎö. discourse / dI5skR:s; dI`skRrs/ v [Ipr] ~ on/upon sth (fml ÎÄ) talk, preach or lecture about sth (usu at length) £¨Í¨³£³¤Æª´óÂ۵أ©ÂÛ˵¡¢ ÐûÑï»ò½²ÊÚijÊÂÎï: The speaker discoursed knowledgeably on a variety of subjects. Ñݽ²ÕßÍ·Í·ÊǵÀµØÂÛÊöÁËһϵÁÐÎÊÌâ. discourteous / dIs5k\:tIEs; dIs`k[tIEs/ adj (fml ÎÄ) bad-mannered; impolite ²»½²ÀñòµÄ; ÎÞÀñµÄ; ´Ö³µÄ: It was discourteous of you to arrive late. Äã³Ùµ½ÁË, ÕæûÀñò. discourteously adv. discourtesy / dIs5k\:tEsI; dIs`k[tEsI/ n [U, C] (fml ÎÄ) impoliteness; rude act or comment ÎÞÀñ; ʧÀñ; ʧÀñµÄ¾Ù¶¯; ´Ö³µÄÆÀÂÛ: I must apologize for my discourtesy in arriving late. ÎÒҪΪ³Ùµ½Ê§Àñ¶øµÀǸ. discover / dIs5kQvE(r); dI`skQvL/ v 1 [Tn, Tf, Tw] find or learn about (a place, fact, etc for the first time) ·¢ÏÖ£¨Ä³µØ¡¢ ijʵȣ©: Columbus discovered America. ¸çÂײ¼·¢ÏÖÁËÃÀÖÞ. * I've discovered a super restaurant near here! ÎÒÔÚ¸½½üÕÒµ½Ò»¼ÒÒ»Á÷µÄ²Í¹Ý! * I never discovered how to start the engine. ÎÒÔõ÷áҲѧ²»»á·¢¶¯ ÒýÇæ. Cf ²Î¿´ invent1. 2 [Tn, Tng] find (sb/sth) unexpectedly £¨³öºõÒâÁϵأ©·¢ÏÖ¡¢ Åö¼û»òײ¼û£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©: I discovered him kissing my wife. ÎÒײ¼ûËûÔÚÎÇÎÒµÄÆÞ×Ó. 3 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Tnt esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] come to know or realize (sth) Á˽⵽, ÈÏʶµ½, ·¢¾õ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ: Did you ever discover who did it? Äãµ½µ×·¢ÏÖÊÇË­¸ÉµÄÁËÂð? * We discovered that our luggage had been stolen. ÎÒÃÇ·¢¾õÐÐÀ͵ÁË. * He was later discovered to have been a spy. ááÀ´·¢ÏÖËûÔ­À´ÊǼäµý. discoverer n. discovery / dI5skQvErI; dI`skQvErI/ n 1 (a) [U] discovering or being discovered ·¢ÏÖ; ·¢¾õ: a voyage of discovery ̽Ë÷δ֪ÊÀ½çµÄº½ÐÐ * the discovery of Australia °ÄÖ޵ķ¢ÏÖ * the discovery by Franklin that lightning is electricity ¸»À¼¿ËÁÖ¶ÔÉÁµç¼´ÊǵçÕâÒ»·¢ÏÖ. (b) [C] act of discovering ·¢ÏÖ; ·¢¾õ: Scientists have made many important discoveries. ¿Æѧ¼Ò×÷³öÁËÐí¶àÖØ´ó·¢ÏÖ. * He buried the treasure to prevent its discovery. Ëû½«²Æ±¦ÂñÁËÆðÀ´ÒÔÃâ±»ÈË·¢ÏÖ. 2 [C] thing discovered ±»·¢ÏÖµÄÊÂÎï: Like many discoveries, atomic power can be used for good or evil. ÕýÈçÈËÀà·¢ÏÖµÄÐí¶àÊÂÎïÒ»Ñù, Ô­×ÓÄܼȿÉÓÃÀ´ÎªÉÆ, Ò²¿ÉÓÃÒÔ×÷¶ñ. discredit / dIs5kredIt; dIs`krZdIt/ v [Tn] 1 damage the good reputation of (sb/sth) Ëðº¦, ÆÆ»µ, °Ü»µ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©µÄÃûÉù: The Government was discredited by the scandal. Õþ¸®ÒòÕâ×®³óÎŶøÃûÉù°Ü»µ. 2 cause (sb/sth) to be disbelieved ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©²»¿ÉÐÅ, ÊÜ»³ÒÉ: His theories were discredited by scientists. ËûµÄÀíÂÛ¿Æѧ¼ÒºÜ»³ÒÉ. 3 refuse to believe (sb/sth) ²»ÏàÐÅ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©: There is no reason to discredit what she says. ûÀíÓɲ»ÐÅËý˵µÄ»°. discredit / dIs5kredIt; dIs`krZdIt/ n 1 [U] loss of reputation or respect; dishonour ÃûÓþµÄɥʧ; ÃûÉùµÄ°Ü»µ; ¶ªÁ³: Violent fans bring discredit on their teams. ´ÖÒ°µÄÇòÃÔ¸øËûÃǵÄÇò¶Ó¶ªÁ³. * The police, to their discredit, arrived too late. ¾¯²ìÀ´µÃÌ«ÍíÁË, Õ涪ÈË. 2 [sing] ~ to sb/sth person or thing that causes loss of respect to sb/sth °Ü»µÃûÉùµÄÔ­Òò¡¢ ÈË»òÊÂ: He is a discredit to his family. ËûÊÇËûÃǼҵijÜÈè. 3 [U] disbelief; doubt ²»ÐÅ; »³ÒÉ: The findings of the report threw discredit on the protesters' claims. ±¨¸æÖÐչʾµÄµ÷²é½á¹ûʹ¿¹ÒéÕßµÄÒªÇóÔâµ½ÁË»³ÒÉ. discreditable / -Ebl; -Ebl/ adj causing a loss of reputation; dishonourable °Ü»µÃûÉùµÄ; ²»ÃûÓþµÄ; ¶ªÁ³µÄ: discreditable conduct, methods, tactics, etc ²»ÃûÓþµÄÐÐΪ¡¢ ·½·¨¡¢ ¼¿Á©µÈ. discreditably / -EblI; -EblI/ adv. discreet / dI5skri:t; dI`skrit/ adj careful or showing good judgement in what one says or does; not too obvious ÑÔ̸¾ÙÖ¹½÷É÷µÄ; ÑÔÐÐÉóÉ÷µÄ; ²»ÏÔÑÛµÄ: We must be extremely discreet; my husband suspects something. ÎÒÃDZØÐ뼫ΪСÐIJÅÊÇ, ÎÒÕÉ·òÒÑÆðÒÉÁË. * I should make a few discreet enquires about the firm before you sign anything. ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÏÈÉóÉ÷´ò̽һÏÂÕâ¼Ò¹«Ë¾µÄµ×ϸ, È»ááÄúÔÙÇ©×Ö. * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) a discreet perfume, ie one that is not too obvious ÏãÆøÇåµ­µÄÏãË®. discreetly adv. discrepancy / dI5skrepEnsI; dI`skrZpEnsI/ n ~ (between A and B) [C, U] difference; failure to agree ²îÒì; ²»·û; ²»Ò»ÖÂ: There is (a) considerable discrepancy/There were many discrepancies between the two versions of the affair. Õâ¼þʵÄÁ½ÖÖ˵·¨Óкܴó³öÈë. discrepant adj. discrete / dI5skri:t; dI`skrit/ adj separate; distinct ·ÖÀëµÄ; ½ØÈ»·Ö¿ªµÄ: discrete particles ¶ÀÁ¢µÄÁ£×Ó * a series of discrete events һϵÁл¥²»Ïà¹ØµÄʼþ. discretely adv. discreteness n [U]. discretion / dI5skreFn; dI`skrZFEn/ n [U] 1 quality of being discreet; good judgement ½÷É÷; É÷ÖØ; ÉóÉ÷; Ã÷ÖÇ: to act with discretion ½÷É÷ÐÐÊ * This is a secret, but I know I can count on your discretion, ie be sure you won't tell anyone. Õâ¿ÉÊǸöÃØÃÜ, ²»¹ýÎÒÖªµÀÄã×ìÎÈ£¨¿Ï¶¨²»»á¸æËß±ðÈË£©. 2 freedom to decide for oneself what should be done ×ÔÐоö¶ÏµÄ×ÔÓÉ: Don't keep asking me what to do; use your own discretion. ²»ÒªÀÏÊÇÎÊÎÒ¸Ã×öʲ÷áÊÂ, Äã×ÔÐоö¶¨°É. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) the age/years of di`scretion maturity; age when one is considered able to judge and decide for oneself ³ÉÄê; ½âÊÂÄêÁä; ÔðÈÎÄêÁä. at sb's discretion on the basis of sb's judgement ÒÀ¾ÝijÈ˵ļû½â: A supplementary grant may be awarded at the discretion of the committee. ίԱ»á¿ÉÄÜ×ÃÇé×·¼ÓÒ»±Ê²¹Öú½ð. discretion is the ,better part of `valour (saying usu joc Ñè, ͨ³£×÷Ï·ÚÊÓï) there is no point in taking unnecessary risks ²»Öª½øÍË·ÇÕæÓ£¨²»±Ø×÷ÎÞνµÄðÏÕ£©. discretionary / dI5skreFEnErI; ?@ dI5skreFEnerI; dI`skrZFEn9ZrI/ adj [esp attrib ÓÈ×÷¶¨Óï] used, adopted, etc when considered necessary ¸ù¾ÝÐèÒª¶øʹÓõġ¢ ²ÉÈ¡µÄµÈ; ±ãÒËÊ©ÐеÄ: discretionary powers, measures, etc ¿É±ãÒËÊ©ÐеÄȨÁ¦¡¢ »ú¶¯´ëÊ©. * discretionary payments to old people ×ÃÇé·¢·Å¸øÀÏÄêÈ˵IJ¹Öú½ð. discriminate / dI5skrImIneIt; dI`skrImE9net/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (between A and B); ~ A from B see or make a difference (between two things) ·Ö±ð, ±æ±ð, Çø·Ö£¨Á½ÊÂÎ: discriminate between two cases/one case from another Çø·ÖÁ½¼þÊÂ[½«Ò»¼þÊÂÓëÁíÒ»¼þÊÂÇø·Ö¿ª] * The law discriminates between accidental and intentional killing. ÒâÍâɱÈ˺͹ÊÒâɱÈËÔÚ·¨ÂÉÉÏÊÇÓÐÇø±ðµÄ. 2 [Ipr] ~ against sb/in favour of sb treat (one person or group) worse/better than others ÆçÊÓ[Æ«Ì»]£¨Ä³ÈË»òijЩÈË£©: Society still discriminates against women/in favour of men. Éç»áÉÏÈÔÈ»ÆçÊÓÅ®ÐÔ[ºñ´ýÄÐÐÔ]. discriminating adj 1 showing good judgement and perception ÅжÏÁ¦Ç¿µÄ; ¼ø±ðÁ¦Ç¿µÄ; Öª¾õÃôÈñµÄ: discriminating taste, judgement, etc ÃôÈñµÄ¼øÉÍÁ¦¡¢ ÅжÏÁ¦µÈ * a discriminating connoisseur, collector, customer, etc ¼øÉÍÁ¦Ç¿µÄ¼øÉͼҡ¢ Êղؼҡ¢ ¹Ë¿ÍµÈ * She has an artist's discriminating eye. Ëý¾ßÓÐÒÕÊõ¼ÒÌØÓеÄÃôÈñÑÛ¹â. 2 = discriminatory. discriminatory / dI5skrImInEtErI; ?@ dI5skrImInEtR:rI; dI`skrImEnE`tRrI/ adj discriminating against sb/sth £¨¶Ô´ýijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©²»¹«Æ½µÄ, ÆçÊÓµÄ: discriminatory measures,policies, actions, tariffs ²»¹«Æ½µÄ´ëÊ©¡¢ ºñ´Ë±¡±ËµÄÕþ²ß¡¢ ÆçÊÓÐÔµÄÐÐΪ¡¢ ²î±ð¹ØË°. discrimination / dI9skrImI5neIFn; dI9skrImE`neFEn/ n [U] 1 good judgement and perception ±æ±ðÁ¦; ʶ±ðÁ¦: show discrimination in one's choice of friends, clothes, hobbies, etc ÔÚÑ¡Ôñ½»ÓѶÔÏó¡¢ ·þ×°¡¢ ÏûDzÐÎʽµÈ·½ÃæÓмø±ðÁ¦. 2 ~ (against/in favour of sb) treating a person or group differently (usu worse) than others ÆçÊÓ[Æ«Ì»]£¨Ä³ÈË£©: racial, sexual, religious, political, etc discrimination ÖÖ×å¡¢ ÐԱ𡢠×ڽ̡¢ ÕþÖÎ...ÆçÊÓ * This is a clear case of discrimination (against foreign imports) .ÕâÏÔÈ»ÊÇ£¨¶Ô½ø¿Ú»õµÄ£©Åųâ. discursive / dI5sk\:sIv; dI`sk[sIv/ adj (of the way a person speaks or writes) wandering from one point to another £¨Ö¸¿ÚÍ·»òÊéÃæµÄ±í´ï·½Ê½£©¶«À­Î÷³¶µÄ, ²»Öø±ß¼ÊµÄ: a rather discursive account of the events ¶ÔÄÇЩʼþ¶«À­Î÷³¶µÄÃèÊö. discursively adv. discursiveness n [U]. discus / 5dIskEs; `dIskEs/ n (a) [C] heavy disc thrown in athletic contests Ìú±ý. (b) the discus [sing] discus-throwing event Ìú±ýÏîÄ¿; Ìú±ý±ÈÈü: I see Britain did well in the discus. ÎÒ¿´Ó¢¹ú¶ÓÔÚÌú±ýÏîÄ¿ÖбíÏÖ²»´í. =>illus ¼û²åͼ. discuss / dI5skQs; dI`skQs/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tw, Tg, Tsg] ~ sth (with sb) talk or write about sth ̸ÂÛ¡¢ ÌÖÂÛ¡¢ ÒéÂÛ¡¢ ÉÌÁ¿»òÂÛÊöijÊÂÎï: Jack was still discussing the game (with his friends) when I got there. ÎÒµ½ÄǶùµÄʱºò, ½Ü¿Ë»¹ÔÚ£¨¸úÅóÓÑÃÇ£©Ì¸ÂÛÄdz¡±ÈÈüÄØ. * We discussed when to go/when we should go. ÎÒÃÇÉÌÁ¿ÁËÉõ÷áʱºò¶¯Éí. * They discussed selling the house. ËûÃÇÉÌÁ¿¹ýÂô·¿×ÓµÄʶù. * We're here to discuss Ann's joining the club. ÎÒÃÇÕâ´ÎÅöÍ·ÊÇΪÁË̸̸°²Èë»áµÄʶù. * Her latest book discusses the problems of the disabled. Ëý µÄÐÂÊéÂÛÊö²Ð¼²È˵ÄÎÊÌâ. discussion / dI5skQFn; dI`skQFEn/ n 1 [C, U] (instance of) discussing sth ̸ÂÛ; ÌÖÂÛ; ÒéÂÛ; ÉÌÁ¿; ÂÛÊö: After much discussion/several lengthy discussions they decided to accept our offer. ¾­¹ý·´¸²ÌÖÂÛ[¶à´Î³¤Ê±¼äµÄÌÖÂÛ], ËûÃǾö¶¨½ÓÊÜÎÒÃÇ¿ªµÄ¼Û. =>Usage at talk1 Ó÷¨¼ûtalk1. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) under discussion being talked about ÕýÔÚÌÖÂÛÖÐ: The plans have been under discussion for a year now, but no decision has been reached. ÄÇЩ¼Æ»®ÌÖÂÛÁËÒ»ÄêÁË, »¹ÊÇûÓнá¹û. * the matter under discussion ÕýÔÚÌÖÂÛÖеÄÄǼþÊÂ. disdain / dIs5deIn; dIs`den/ n [U] feeling that sb/sth is not good enough to deserve one's respect; contempt ±ÉÊÓ; ÇáÊÓ; ÃïÊÓ: a look/tone/expression of disdain ±ÉÒĵÄÉñ̬[ÓïÆø/±íÇé] * treating other people's ideas with disdain ÃêÊÓ±ðÈ˵ÄÒâ¼û. disdain v 1 [Tn] treat (sth/sb) with disdain; despise ±ÉÊÓ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎï[ijÈË]£©; ÇáÊÓ; ÃïÊÓ: disdain an invitation, an offer of help, a peace initiative ²»Ð¼½ÓÊÜÑûÇë¡¢ ±ÉÊÓËûÈ˵ÄÔ®Öú¡¢ ¶ÔºÍƽ½¨Ò鲻мÀí»á. 2 [Tg, Tt] (fml ÎÄ) refuse (doing/to do sth) because of one's disdain ²»Ð¼ì¶£¨×öijÊ£©: He disdains going to the cinema/to sit with people like us. Ëû²»Ð¼ì¶È¥¿´µçÓ°[ÓëÎÒÃÇÕâµÈÈËͬϯ¶ø×ø]. disdainful / -fl; -fEl/ adj ~ (of sb/sth) showing disdain ±ÉÊÓµÄ; ÇáÃïµÄ; ÃêÊÓµÄ: a disdainful reply ÇáÃïµÄ»Ø´ð * He's disdainful of anyone from America. ÃÀÖÞÀ´µÄÈËËû¶¼ÇƲ»Æð. disdainfully / -fElI; -fElI/ adv. disease / dI5zi:z; dI`ziz/ n [C, U] (case of) illness of the body, of the mind or of plants, caused by infection or internal disorder ¼²²¡; ²¡»¼; £¨Ö²ÎïµÄ£©²¡º¦: a serious, infectious, incurable disease Öز¡¡¢ ´«È¾ÐÔ¼²²¡¡¢ ²»ÖÎÖ®Ö¢ * a disease of the nervous system Éñ¾­ÏµÍ³µÄ¼²²¡ * prevent/spread disease Ô¤·À[´«²¥]¼²²¡. diseased adj suffering from a disease »¼²¡µÄ; ÔâÊܲ¡º¦µÄ: diseased kidneys, leaves »¼²¡µÄÉöÔà¡¢ Óв¡º¦µÄÒ¶×Ó * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) a diseased society, mentality, imagination ²¡Ì¬µÄÉç»á¡¢ ²¡Ì¬µÄÐÄÀí¡¢ ²»½¡¿µµÄÏëÏñ. Parkinson's disease / 5pB:kInsnz dIzi:z; `pBrkInsEnz dI9ziz/ (also Parkinsonism / 5pB:kInsEnIzEm; 9pBrkInsEn9Izm/ n [U]) chronic disease of the nervous system causing tremors and weakness of the muscles ÅÁ½ðÉ­£¨ÊÏ£©²¡; Õð²üÐÔÂé±Ô. venereal disease / vE9nIErIEl dI5zi:z; vE9nIrIEl dI`ziz/ [C, U] (abbr Ëõд VD) disease communicated by sexual contact, eg gonorrhea, syphilis ÐÔ²¡. disembark / 9dIsIm5bB:k; 9dIsIm`bBrk/ (also debark) v (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (of people) leave a ship or an aircraft £¨Ö¸ÈË£©Àë´¬»òÏ·ɻúµÈ: disembark from a ferry Àë¶É´¬ÉÏ°¶. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) cause (people or goods) to leave a ship or an aircraft ʹ£¨ÈË£©Àë´¬»òÏ·ɻúµÈ; ´Ó´¬ÉÏ»ò·É»úÉÏжÏ£¨»õÎ: disembark passengers from the plane Èó˿ÍÏ·ɻú. disembarkation / 9dIsembB:5keIFn; 9dIsZmbBr`keFEn/ (also debarkation) n [U]: After disembarkation, we went through passport control. ÎÒÃÇÏÂÁË·É»ú, ½ÓÊÜ»¤ÕÕ¼ì²é. disembodied / 9dIsIm5bCdId; 9dIsIm`bBdId/ adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] 1 (of a soul or spirit) separated from the body £¨Ö¸Áé»ê»ò»êÆÇ£©´ÓÇûÌåÖÐÍÑÀë³öÀ´µÄ, ³öÇϵÄ, Óε´µÄ. 2 (fig ±ÈÓ÷) (of sounds) lacking any obvious source; eerie £¨Ö¸ÉùÒô£©Ã»ÓÐÃ÷È·À´Ô´µÄ, ¹ÖÒìµÄ: disembodied voices, screams, groans, etc ÉñÃؿɲÀµÄÈËÉù¡¢ ¼â½Ð¡¢ ÉëÒ÷µÈ. disembowel / 9dIsIm5baUEl; 9dIsIm`baJEl/ v (-ll-; US also -l-) [Tn] remove the bowels of (sb), usu as part of an execution È¡³öijÈ˵ij¦×Ó£¨Í¨³£×÷ΪËÀÐ̵ÄÒ»²¿·Ö£©. disenchant / 9dIsIn5tFB:nt; ?@ 9dIsIn5tFnt; 9dIsIn`tFAnt/ v [Tn] cause (sb) to lose his good opinion of sb/sth; disillusion ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©¶ÔijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]²»ÔÙÖøÃÔ, ²»±§»ÃÏë: Her arrogance has disenchanted many of her former admirers. ËýΪÈ˸߰Á, ×·Çó¹ýËýµÄÐí¶àÈ˶¼ÒѲ»ÔÙÃÔÁµËýÁË. disenchanted adj ~ (with sb/sth): His disenchanted supporters abandoned him. ÄÇЩӵ»¤ËûµÄÈ˶ÔËûʧȥÁË»ÃÏë, ·×·×ÀëËû¶øÈ¥ÁË. * I'm becoming increasingly disenchanted with London. ÎÒ¶ÔÂ׶ؽ¥½¥²»ÄÇ÷á¾ìÁµÁË. disenchantment n [U]. disencumber / 9dIsIn5kQmbE(r); 9dIsIn`kQmbL/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (of sth) (fml ÎÄ) free sb/sth from (a burden, an obstruction, etc) ʹijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]½â³ý£¨¸ºµ££©, Ïû³ý£¨ÕÏ°­£©: disencumber oneself of financial responsibilities, social commitments °ÚÍѾ­¼Ã¸ºµ£¡¢ Éç»áÒåÎñ. disenfranchise / 9dIsIn5frAntFaIz; 9dIsIn`frAntFaIz/ v [Tn] = disfranchise. disengage / 9dIsIn5geIdV; 9dIsIn`^edV/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (from sth/sb) (fml ÎÄ) free or disconnect sth/sb from sth/sb that holds it/him firmly ·Å¿ª; ÕõÍÑ¿ª; °ÚÍÑ¿ª: Disengage the clutch (ie from the gear mechanism) before changing gear. ÏÈËÉ¿ªÀëºÏÆ÷ÔÙ»»µ². * (joc ÚÊ) He managed to disengage himself from Martha's embrace. Ëûʹ¾¢¶ùÕõÍÑÁËÂêɯµÄÓµ±§. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from sth) (military ¾ü) (cause sb/sth to) stop fighting and withdraw £¨Ê¹Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]£©ÍÑÀë½Ó´¥, ÖÐÖ¹Õ½¶·: The fighter planes quickly disengaged (from the combat). ¼ß»÷»úºÜ¿ì£¨´ÓÕ½¶·ÖУ©³·³öÁË. * We must disengage our troops (from the conflict).ÎÒÃDZØÐë°Ñ²¿¶Ó£¨´ÓÕ½¶·ÖУ©³·³ö. disengaged adj [usu pred ͨ³£×÷±íÓï] (fml ÎÄ) (of a person) free from social or professional obligations £¨Ö¸ÈË£©Ã»ÓÐÉç»á»òÖ°Òµ¸ºµ£, ÎÞÇ£ÎÞ¹Ò. disengagement n [U]. disentangle / 9dIsIn5tANgl; 9dIsIn`tAN^l/ v 1 [Tn] make (rope, hair, etc) straight and free of knots ½«£¨ÉþË÷¡¢ ë·¢µÈ£©ÀíÖ±²¢½â¿ªÆä½á×Ó, Àí˳. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (from sth) free sth/sb from sth that hooks into it/him ʹijÊÂÎï[ijÈË]°ÚÍÑ¿ª¹³°íÖ®Îï: He tried to disentangle himself (from the bushes into which he had fallen). Ëû½ßÁ¦£¨´ÓËûµøÈëµÄ¹àľ´ÔÖУ©ÕõÍѳöÀ´. * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) I wish I could disentangle myself from Jill, ie from my relationship with her. ÎÒÏ£ÍûÄÜ°ÚÍѸú¼ª¶ûµÄ¹Øϵ. * disentangle the truth from a mass of lies °ÑÕæ»°ºÍÒ»´ó¶Ñ»ÑÑÔÇø·Ö¿ª. disentanglement n [U]. disequilibrium / 9dIsi:kwI5lIbrIEm, also -ekw-; dIs9ikwE`lIbrIEm, -Zkw-/ n [U] (fml usu fig ÎÄ, ͨ³£×÷±ÈÓ÷) loss or lack of balance ʧºâ; ²»Æ½ºâ; ʧµ÷: a disequilibrium in the military forces of the two countries Á½¹úÖ®¼ä¾üÊÂÁ¦Á¿µÄ²»Æ½ºâ. disestablish / 9dIsI5stAblIF; 9dIsE`stAblIF/ v [Tn] end the official status of (a national Church) ·Ï³ý£¨¹ú½Ì£©µÄ·¨¶¨µØλ: those who want to disestablish the Church of England Ö÷ÕŷϳýÓ¢¹ú¹ú½ÌµÄÈË. disestablishment n [U]. disfavour (US disfavor) / 9dIs5feIvE(r); dIs`fevL/ n [U] dislike; disapproval (used esp as in the expressions shown) ²»Ï²»¶, ²»ÔÞ³É, ·´¸Ð£¨ÓÈÓÃì¶ÒÔÏÂʾÀý£©: regard sb/sth with disfavour ²»Ï²»¶Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï] * incur sb's disfavour ÒýÆðijÈ˵ķ´¸Ð * be in/fall into disfavour ÊÜÀäÓö[ʧ³è]. disfigure / dIs5fIgE(r); ?@ dIs5fIgjEr; dIs`fI^jL/ v [Tn] spoil the appearance of (sb/sth) »ÙËð£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]£©µÄÍâ¹Û, Íâò; »ÙÈÝ: The accident disfigured him for life. ÄÇ´ÎʹÊʹËûÆÆÏà, ÖÕÉúÎÞ·¨»Ö¸´. * a landscape disfigured by a power station ±»·¢µç³§ÆÆ»µÁ˵ķ羰. disfigurement n [U, C]: the planners responsible for the disfigurement of the countryside ʹÏç´å¾°É«Ôâµ½ÆÆ»µµÄ¹æ»®Õß. disfranchise / dIs5frAntFaIz; dIs`frAntFaIz/ (also disenfranchise/ 9dIsIn5frAntFaIz; 9dIsIn`frAntFaIz/) v [Tn] take away the right to vote for a parliamentary representative from (a person or place) °þ¶á£¨Ä³ÈË£©Ñ¡¾ÙÒéÔ±µÄȨÀû; °þ¶á£¨Ä³µØ£©Ñ¡ÅÉÒéÔ±µÄȨÀû. disfranchisement / dIs5frAntFIzmEnt; dIs`frAntFIzmEnt/ (also disenfranchisement / 9dIsIn5f-; 9dIsIn`f-/) n [U]. disgorge / dIs5gR:dV; dIs`^RrdV/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) throw out (food, etc) from the stomach or throat; vomit sth Å»³ö, ͳö£¨Ê³ÎïµÈ£©; Å»ÍÂ: She was trying hard to disgorge a fish bone. ËýÞÕÃüÏë°ÑÓã´ÌͳöÀ´. 2 (a) [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (itself) into sth (of a river) let (its waters) flow out, esp into the sea or another river £¨Ö¸½­ºÓ£©Á÷³ö£¨ÓÈָעÈë´óº£»ò»ãÈëÁíÒ»ÌõºÓÁ÷£©: The Avon disgorges (itself) into the Severn. °£ÎĺÓÁ÷ÈëÈûÎĺÓ. (b) [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~from sth/into sth; ~from sth into sth; ~sth (from sth) (into sth) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) (let sth) pour out in a great mass £¨Ê¹Ä³Î´óÁ¿Á÷³ö, Ó¿³ö: Crowds disgorged from the theatre into the dark street. ÈËÁ÷´ÓÏ·ÔºÓ¿³ö, ½øÈëÁ˺ڶ´¶´µÄ½ÖµÀ. * The holed tanker was disgorging oil. ײÁ˸ö¿ßÁþµÄÓÍ´¬ÕýÔÚÅçÓÍ. 3 [I, Tn] (infml joc ¿Ú, ÚÊ) unwillingly hand (sth) over or back ²»ÇéÔ¸µØ½«£¨Ä³Î½»³ö»ò½»»¹; ͳö: You owe me 5: come on, disgorge! ÄãÇ·ÎÒ5Ó¢°÷, ¿ì, ͳöÀ´! disgrace / dIs5greIs; dIs`^res/ n 1 [U] state in which others think that one has behaved badly and no longer deserves respect ³ö³ó; ¶ªÁ³: bring disgrace on oneself, one's family, etc ¸ø×Ô¼º¡¢ ¼ÒÍ¥µÈ¶ªÁ³ * There is no disgrace in being poor. ƶÇî²¢²»¶ªÁ³. 2 [sing] ~ (to sb/sth) thing or person that is so bad that one feels or should feel ashamed ÁîÈ˸е½Ð߳ܵÄÊÂÎï»òÈË; ³ÜÈè: Your homework is a disgrace: rewrite it! Äã×öµÄ¹¦¿ÎÕ涪ÈË, ÖØ×ö°É! * These slums are a disgrace to the city. ÕâЩƶÃñ¿ßÊÇÕâ×ù³ÇÊеijÜÈè. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) (be) in disgrace (with sb) (be) regarded with deep disfavour ºÜ²»ÌÖÈËϲ»¶; ÁîÈ˲»Ï²°®: He's in disgrace (with his father) because he told a lie. ËûÈöÁ˸ö»Ñ, Èǵø¸Ç׺ܲ»Í´¿ì. disgraceful / -fl; -fEl/ adj causing disgrace; very bad ¿É³ÜµÄ; ¶ªÁ³µÄ; ¼«»µµÄ: disgraceful manners, behaviour, etc ¶ªÈ˵ľÙÖ¹¡¢ ÐÐΪµÈ * This cheating is disgraceful. ÕâÑùÆ­ÈË, Õæ²»ÒªÁ³. * The bus is late again it's absolutely disgraceful! ÕâÌ˹«¹²Æû³µÓÖÀ´³ÙÁË, ¼òֱ̫²»Ïñ»°ÁË! disgracefully / -fElI; -fElI/ adv. disgrace / dIs5greIs; dIs`^res/ v [Tn] 1 bring disgrace on (sb/sth); be a disgrace to ¸ø£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©¶ªÁ³; ¸ø...´øÀ´³ÜÈè: Your behaviour disgraces us all. ÄãµÄÐÐΪʹÎÒÃÇ´ó¼Ò¶ªÁ³. * He got drunk and disgraced himself at the wedding. ËûÔÚ»éÀñÉϺȶàÁË, ³öÁËÑóÏà. 2 cause (sb) to lose a position of power, honour or favour ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©Ê§È¥È¨Î»¡¢ ÈÙÓþ»ò²»ÊÜϲ°®: After the defeat two generals were publicly disgraced. ÄÇÁ½Î»½«¾ü³ÔÁË°ÜÕÌÖ®áá, ÔÚ¹«ÖÚÐÄÄ¿ÖÐÍþÍûɨµØ. disgruntled / dIs5grQntld; dIs`^rQntld/ adj ~ (at/about sth); ~ (with sb) resentful because sth has happened to displease one ²»¸ßÐ˵Ä; ²»ÂúµÄ: a disgruntled look, frown, scowl, etc ²»ÔõÄÑù×Ó¡¢ Òò²»Âú¶øÖåü¡¢ Å­ÈÝ * She's still disgruntled about missing the party. ËýÒò´í¹ýÁËÕâÒ»¾Û»á¶øÈÔ¹¢¹¢ì¶»³. disguise / dIs5gaIz; dIs`^aIz/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (with sth); ~ sb/sth (as sb/sth) make sb/sth look or sound different from normal; give sb/sth a false appearance £¨ÓÃαװ£©Ê¹Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]µÄÍâ¹Û»òÉùÒôÒì³£; ¼Ù×°; ¼Ù°ç; ×°°ç: disguise one's voice ²»Ê¹ÓÃ×Ô¼ºÕæʵµÄÉùÒô * I disguised the spots on my face with make-up. ÎÒÓû¯×±Æ·¸ÇסÁ³Éϵİߵã. * The raiders disguised themselves as security guards. Ï®»÷Õ߶¼×°°ç³ÉÁ˱£°²ÈËÔ±. 2 [Tn] hide or cover up (eg one's real feelings or intentions) Òþ²Ø, ÕÚÑÚ£¨ÈçÕæʵµÄ¸ÐÇé»òÓÃÒ⣩: I couldn't disguise my anger. ÎÒÅ­ÐÎì¶É«. * There's no disguising the fact (ie It is clear) that he's a liar. Ëû°®Èö»Ñ, Õâ¿ÉÊÇÑڸDz»Á˵Ä. disguise / dIs5gaIz; dIs`^aIz/ n 1 [C, U] thing worn or used for disguising £¨¹©´©´÷»òʹÓõģ©Î±×°Æ·: put on (a) disguise αװÆðÀ´ * wear a beard as a disguise ´÷ÉϼÙÐë. 2 [U] disguised condition; disguising αװ: a master of disguise αװµÄÄÜÊÖ. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) a blessing in disguise => blessing. in disguise disguised αװµÄ; ¼Ù×°µÄ; ¼Ù°çµÄ: I didn't recognize him: he was in disguise. ÎÒûÈϳöËûÀ´, Ëû»¯ÁË×°ÁË. disgust / dIs5gQst; dIs`^Qst/ n [U] ~ (at sth)/(for/with sb) strong dislike for sth/sb that one feels is not right or good ·´¸Ð; Ñá¶ñ; ÏÓ¶ñ: his disgust at the sight of the rotting food Ëû¿´µ½¸¯°ÜµÄʳÎï¶ø¸Ðµ½¶ñÐÄ * The execution of political opponents aroused widespread disgust (with the regime). ´¦¾öÁËÕþµÐÒýÆ𣨶ÔÕâ¸öÕþȨµÄ£©Æձ鷴¸Ð. * She turned away in disgust. ËýÑá¶ñµØ°ÑÁ³×ª¿ª. disgust / dIs5gQst; dIs`^Qst/ v [Tn] cause disgust in (sb) ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©·´¸Ð, Ñá¶ñ, ÏÓ¶ñ: The use of torture must disgust any civilized person. Ê©ÓÿáÐ̱ØΪÎÄÃ÷Éç»áµÄÈËËù²»³Ý. disgusted adj ~ (at/by/with sb/sth): We were (absolutely) disgusted at the size of the bill. ÎÒÃÇ¿´µ½Õʵ¥ÉϵÄÊý¶î, ¼«ÎªÆø·ß. disgustedly / dIs5gQstIdlI; dIs`^QstIdlI/ adv with disgust ·´¸ÐµØ; Ñá¶ñµØ; ÏÓ¶ñµØ: look disgustedly at sb Ñá¶ñµØ¿´ÖøijÈË. disgusting adj causing disgust ʹÈË·´¸ÐµÄ; ʹÈËÑá¶ñµÄ; ÌÖÑáµÄ: disgusting personal habits ÁîÈËÑá¶ñµÄ¸öÈËÏ°¹ß * disgusting language ²»¿°Èë¶úµÄ»°. disgustingly adv (a) in a disgusting way ʹÈË·´¸ÐµØ; ʹÈËÑá¶ñµØ. (b) (joc ÚÊ) extremely ¼«¶ËµØ: be disgustingly fit, well-read, successful ÉíÌ弫°ô¡¢ ѧ¸»Îå³µ¡¢ ¼«Îª³É¹¦. dish / dIF; dIF/ n 1 (a) [C] container for holding or serving food (usu shallow and flat-bottomed) ÅÌ; µú: a glass, an earthenware, a ceramic, a metal, etc dish ²£Á§µÄ¡¢ Ìյġ¢ ´ÉµÄ¡¢ ½ðÊôµÄ...ÅÌ×Ó =>illus at plate ¼û plate Ö®²åͼ. (b) [C] food, etc served in the container Ò»ÅÌʳÎï; Ò»µúʳÎï; Ò»µÀ²Ë; ²ËëÈ: a big dish of curry Ò»´óÅÌÓÿ§à¬×÷µ÷ζµÄ²Ë. (c) the dishes [pl] plates, bowls, cups, etc used for a meal; crockery ²Í¾ß: wash, do, dry, put away, etc the dishes Ï´¡¢ ˢϴ¡¢ ŪǬ¡¢ ·ÅºÃ...²Í¾ß. 2 [C] particular type of food prepared for a meal ¾ßijÖÖ·çζµÄ·¹²Ë: a restaurant specializing in Indonesian dishes Ó¡¶ÈÄáÎ÷ÑÇ·çζµÄ²Í¹Ý. 3 [C] object shaped like a dish or bowl, esp the large concave reflector of a radio telescope ÅÌ×´Îï; Åè×´Îï; °¼ÐÎÎï; £¨ÓÈÖ¸ÉäµçÍûÔ¶¾µÖо޴óµÄ£©Å×ÎïÃæ×´ÌìÏß. 4 [C esp sing ÓÈ×÷µ¥Êý] (infml ¿Ú) physically attractive person ÍâòÓÐÎüÒýÁ¦µÄÈË; ƯÁÁµÄÈË: Mary's new boy-friend's quite a dish, isn't he? ÂêÀöн»µÄÄÐÅóÓÑͦ˧µÄ, ÊDz»ÊÇ? dishful / 5dIFfUl; `dIF9fJl/ n about as much as a dish will hold Ò»Å̵ÄÁ¿; Ò»µúµÄÁ¿. dishy / 5dIFI; `dIFI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml ¿Ú) (of a person) physically attractive £¨Ö¸ÈË£©Æ¯ÁÁ, äìÈ÷, ˧. dishcloth n cloth for washing dishes, etc £¨Ï´ÍëµúµÈÓõģ©Ä¨²¼. dishwasher n machine or person that washes dishes ˢϴÍëµúµÄ»úÆ÷»òÈË; Ï´µú»ú; Ï´Íë»ú; Ï´ÍëÕß. dish-water n [U] water used for washing dishes Ï´ÍëµúµÄË®: (joc ÚÊ) Her coffee tastes like dish-water, ie It is weak and unpleasant. ËýµÄ¿§·ÈºÈÆðÀ´ÏñË¢¹øË®. dish / dIF; dIF/ v 1 [Tn] (Brit infml ¿Ú) ruin (sb's hopes or chances); prevent (sb) from succeeding ʹ£¨Ä³È˵ÄÏ£Íû£©ÆÆÃð; ÆÆ»µ£¨Ä³È˵Ļú»á£©; ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©²»Äܳɹ¦: The scandal dished his hopes of being elected. Õâ³óÎÅʹËûµ±Ñ¡µÄÏ£ÍûÆÆÃðÁË. * dish one's opponents »÷°Ü¶ÔÊÖ. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) dish it `out (infml ¿Ú) attack sb fiercely with words or blows ´óÂî»òÃÍ×áijÈË: Don't get into a fight with him: he can really dish it out. ±ð¸úËû¶¯ÊÖ, Ëû×áÆðÈËÀ´¿ÉÐ×ÁË. dish the `dirt (sl Ùµ) gossip in an unkind way; say scandalous things about sb ˵»µ»°; ½ÒijÈ˵Ķ̶ù: journalists who dish the dirt about television stars ½ÒµçÊÓÃ÷ÐÇ´¯°ÌµÄ¼ÇÕßÃÇ. 3 (phr v) dish sth out give away a lot of sth ´óÁ¿¸øÓè»ò·Ö·¢: There were students dishing out leaflets to passers-by. ÓÐѧÉúÏò·ÈËÉ¢·¢´«µ¥. * dish out compliments, insults, abuse, etc ´ó¼ÓÔÞÑï¡¢ ´óËÁÎêÈè¡¢ ÌÏÌϲ»¾øµØÖäÂî. dish sth up (a) put (food) on plates; serve sth ½«£¨Ê³ÎʢÔÚÅÌÀï; ÉÏ£¨²Ë£©. (b) (derog ±á) present or offer sth Ìá³ö»òÌṩijÊÂÎï: They're dishing up the usual arguments in a new form. ËûÃǽ«Àϵ÷×Ó¸ÄÍ·»»Ãæ, Óֶ˳öÀ´ÁË. disharmony / dIs5hB:mEnI; dIs`hBrmEnI/ n [U] lack of harmony between people; disagreement ÈËÓëÈËÖ®¼äµÄ²»ºÍÄÀ; ²»Ð­µ÷; ²»Ò»ÖÂ: He noted the disharmony between husband and wife. Ëû¾õ²ì³öÕâ¶Ô·ò¸¾²»Ì«ºÍÄÀ. disharmonious / 9dIshB:5mEUnIEs; 9dIshBr`monIEs/ adj: a disharmonious relationship ²»ºÍгµÄ¹Øϵ. dishearten / dIs5hB:tn; dIs`hBrtn/ v [Tn] cause (sb) to lose hope or confidence ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©Ê§È¥Ï£Íû»òÐÅÐÄ; ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©»ÒÐÄ: Don't let this set-back dishearten you. ²»ÒªÒòÕâÒ»´ìÕÛ¶øÆøÄÙ. disheartening / -5hB:tnIN; -`hBrtnIN/ adj: disheartening news ʹÈËйÆøµÄÏûÏ¢ * a disheartening lack of interest ʹÈËʧÍûµÄµ­Ä®. dishearteningly adv. dishevelled (US disheveled) / dI5Fevld; dI`FZvld/ adj (of hair or clothes) untidy; ruffled £¨Ö¸Ã«·¢»òÒ·þ£©²»ÕûÆëµÄ, ÁèÂÒµÄ. dishonest / dIs5CnIst; dIs`BnIst/ adj 1 (of a person) not honest £¨Ö¸ÈË£©²»ÀÏʵµÄ, ²»³ÏʵµÄ: a dishonest trader, partner, etc ¼éÉÌ¡¢ Ë£»¬Í·µÄºÏ»ïÈË. 2 [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] (a) intended to deceive or cheat Æ­È˵Ä; ÆÛÆ­ÐÔµÄ: dishonest behaviour, goings-on, competition ÆÛÆ­µÄÐÐΪ¡¢ Æ­È˵Ĺ´µ±¡¢ ×öÁËÊֽŵıÈÈü. (b) (of money) not honestly obtained £¨Ö¸½ðÇ®£©À´Â·²»ÕýµÄ: dishonest earnings, gains, etc ÒÔ²»Õýµ±µÄ·½Ê½»ñµÃµÄÇ®¡¢ ÀûÒæµÈ. dishonestly adv. dishonesty n [U]. dishonour (US dishonor) / dIs5CnE(r); dIs`BnL/ n [U, sing] (fml or rhet ÎÄ»òÐÞ´Ç) loss of honour or respect ²»ÃûÓþ; ³ÜÈè; ¶ªÁ³: bring dishonour on one's family, country, regiment, etc ʹ×Ô¼ºµÄ¼ÒÍ¥¡¢ ¹ú¼Ò¡¢ ËùÔÚÍŵÈÃÉÐß. dishonour v [Tn] (fml ÎÄ) 1 bring dishonour on (sb/sth) ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©ÃÉÐß; °Ü»µ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊ Îï]£©µÄÃûÓþ: a cowardly act that dishonours his memory ʹËûÒ»ÏëÆð±ãÐßÀ¢²»ÒѵÄÇÓų֮¾Ù. 2 (of a bank) refuse to cash (a cheque, etc) £¨Ö¸ÒøÐУ©¾Ü¾ø¶ÒÏÖ£¨Ö§Æ±µÈ£©. Cf ²Î¿´ bounce. dishonourable / -nErEbl; -nLEbl/ adj not honourable ²»ÃûÓþµÄ; ¿É³ÜµÄ: a dishonourable record, reputation, discharge from the army ²»¹â²ÊµÄÂÄÀú¡¢ »µÃûÉù¡¢ ±»¿ª³ý³ö¾ü¶ÓÕâÒ»²»ÃûÓþÊÂ. dishonourably / -nErEblI;-nLBblI/ adv. disillusion / 9dIsI5lu:Vn; 9dIsI`luVEn/ v [Tn] destroy the pleasant but mistaken beliefs or ideals of (sb) ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©ÐÑÎò, ÀíÏë»ò»ÃÏëÆÆÃð: She still believes in Santa Claus and it would be cruel to disillusion her. ËýÈÔÈ»ÏàÐÅÓÐÊ¥µ®ÀÏÈË, ÒªÊÇʹËýÕâÒ»»ÃÏëÆÆÃð¾Íì¶ÐIJ»ÈÌÁË. disillusioned adj ~ (with sb/sth) disappointed in sb/sth that one had admired or believed in £¨¶ÔijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©´óʧËùÍû, »ÃÏëÆÆÃð: Disillusioned voters want an alternative to the two main parties. ʧÍûµÄÑ¡ÃñÐèÒªÒ»¸öµ³ÅÉÒÔÈ¡´úÕâÁ½¸ö´óµ³. * She's disillusioned with life in general. Ëý¶ÔÉú»î¸÷·½Ãæ¾ù²»±§»ÃÏëÁË. disillusionment (also disillusion) n [U] state ofbeing disillusioned »ÃÃð; ÐÑÎò: the growing disillusionmentwith the Government's policies ¶ÔÕþ¸®Õþ²ß²úÉúÔ½À´Ô½Ç¿ÁÒµÄʧÍû. disincentive / 9dIsIn5sentIv; 9dIsIn`sZntIv/ n ~ (to sth) thing that discourages an action or effort ×è°­Ðж¯»ò·¢Õ¹µÄÊÂÎï; ¶ôÖÆÒòËØ: Fixed wages and lack of promotion act as a disincentive to employees. ¹¤×ʹ̶¨ÓÖÎÞ½úÉý»ú»á¶ôÖÆÁ˹ÍÔ±µÄ»ý¼«ÐÔ. disinclination / 9dIsInklI5neIFn; 9dIsInklE`neFEn/ n [sing] ~ (for sth/to do sth) (fml ÎÄ) unwillingness; reluctance ²»ÇéÔ¸; ÃãÇ¿: a disinclination for work, exercise, politics ²»Ô¸¹¤×÷¡¢ ¶ÍÁ¶¡¢ ¹ØÐÄÕþÖÎ * his disinclination to tackle the causes of the problem Ëû¶ÔÎÊÌâµÄÆðÒòÎÞÐĹýÎʵÄ̬¶È. disinclined / 9dIsIn5klaInd; 9dIsIn`klaInd/ adj [pred ×÷±íÓï] ~ (for sth/to do sth) unwilling; reluctant ²»ÇéÔ¸; ÃãÇ¿: feel disinclined for study, argument, discussion, etc ²»Ô¸Òâѧϰ¡¢ Õù±ç¡¢ ÌÖÂÛµÈ * She was disinclined to believe him. Ëý¶ÔËûµÄ»°°ëÐÅ°ëÒÉ. disinfect / 9dIsIn5fekt; 9dIsIn`fZkt/ v [Tn] clean (sth) by destroying germs that cause disease Ϊ£¨Ä³Îɱ¾ú»òÏû¶¾: disinfect a wound, a surgical instrument, a hospital ward ΪÉË¿Ú¡¢ Íâ¿ÆÊÖÊõÆ÷е¡¢ Ò½Ôº²¡·¿Ïû¶¾. disinfectant / 9dIsIn5fektEnt; 9dIsIn`fZktEnt/ n [U, C] substance that disinfects ɱ¾ú¼Á; Ïû¶¾¼Á: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] disinfectant liquid, cream, soap, etc Ïû¶¾ÓõÄÈÜÒº¡¢ Èé¸à¡¢ ·ÊÔíµÈ. disinfection / 9dIsIn5fekFn; 9dIsIn`fZkFEn/ n [U]. disinfest / 9dIsIn5fest; 9dIsIn`fZst/ v [Tn] remove vermin or insects from (sb/sth) Ϊ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]£©ÏûÃð¼ÄÉú³æ¡¢ º¦³æ¡¢ º¦Äñ»òº¦ÊÞ. disinfestation / 9dIsInfe5steIFn; dIs9InfZs`teFEn/ n [U]. disinformation / dIs9InfE5meIFn; 9dIsInfL`meFEn/ n [U] deliberately false information, esp given out by governments or intelligence services £¨¹ÊÒâ͸¶µÄ£©¼ÙÇ鱨£¨ÓÈÖ¸Õþ¸®»òÇ鱨²¿ÃÅ£©. Cf ²Î¿´ misinformation (misinform). disingenuous / 9dIsIn5dVenjUEs; 9dIsIn`dVZnjJEs/ adj (fml ÎÄ) insincere, esp in pretending that one knows less about sth than one really does ²»Õæ³ÏµÄ; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©×°×÷²»ÖªµÀµÄ: It would be disingenuous to claim that we hadn't suspected them. ÒªÊÇ˵ÎÒÃǵ±Ê±»¹Ã»Óл³ÒÉËûÃÇ, ÄǾÍÊÇÑÔ²»ÓÉÖÔÁË. disingenuously adv. disingenuousness n [U]. disinherit / 9dIsIn5herIt; 9dIsIn`hZrIt/ v [Tn] prevent (sb) from inheriting one's property (by making a new will naming another person as heir) £¨ÖØÁ¢ÒÅÖö, Áí¶¨¼Ì³ÐÈËÒÔ£©×èÖ¹£¨Ä³ÈË£©¼Ì³Ð×Ô¼ºµÄ²Æ²ú; È¡Ïû»ò°þ¶á£¨Ä³ÈË£©µÄ¼Ì³ÐȨ: disinherit one's eldest son È¡Ïû×Ô¼ºµÄ³¤×ӵļ̳ÐȨ. disinheritance / 9dIsIn5herItEns; 9dIsIn`hZrEtEns/ n [U]. disintegrate / dIs5IntIgreIt; dIs`IntE9^ret/ v [I, Tn] (a) (cause sth to) break into small parts or pieces £¨Ê¹Ä³ÎËéÁÑ, ±ÀÁÑ: The plane flew into a mountain and disintegrated on impact. ·É»ú³åÏòÒ»×ùɽ, ײµÃ·ÛËé. (b) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) (cause sth to) become less strong or united £¨Ê¹Ä³Î˥΢, Íß½â, ·Ö±ÀÀëÎö: The family is starting to disintegrate. Õâ¸ö¼ÒÍ¥ÒªÆÆÁÑÁË. disintegration / dIs9IntI5greIFn; dIs9IntE`^reFEn/ n [U]: the gradual disintegration of traditional values ´«Í³¼ÛÖµ¹ÛÄîµÄÖð½¥µ­±¡. disinter / 9dIsIn5t\:(r); 9dIsIn`t[/ v (-rr-) [Tn] (fml ÎÄ) dig up (sth buried) ÍÚ³ö£¨±»ÂñµÄijÎ: The court granted him permission to disinter the body. ·¨ÔºÅú×¼Ëû¾ò³öʬÌå. * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) disinter an old scandal ½«´ÓÇ°µÄÒ»×®³óʶù¶¶³öÀ´. disinterment n [U, C]. disinterested / dIs5IntrEstId; dIs`IntrEstId/ adj not influenced by personal feelings or interests; unbiased ÎÞ¸öÈËÀûº¦¹ØϵµÄ; ¹«ÕýÎÞ˽µÄ; ²»Æ«²»ÒеÄ: a disinterested act of kindness ûÓÐ˽ÐÄÔÓÄîµÄºÃÐĵÄÐÐΪ * My advice is quite disinterested. ÎҵĽ¨ÒéÊÇÕýÖ±ÎÞÆ«µÄ. =>Usage at interest2 Ó÷¨¼ûinterest2. disinterestedly adv. disinterestedness n [U]. disinvest / 9dIsIn5vest; 9dIsIn`vZst/ v [I, Ipr] (finance ²Æ) reduce or dispose of one's investment (in a place, company, etc) Ëõ¼õ¡¢ ÊջػòתÈã¨ÔÚijµØ¡¢ ij¹«Ë¾µÈµÄ£©Í¶×Ê. disjointed / dIs5dVRIntId; dIs`dVRIntId/ adj (of talk, writing, etc) in which it is difficult to understand how the ideas, events, etc follow each other and develop £¨Ö¸Ëµ»°¡¢ ÎÄÕµȣ©ÄÚÈݲ»Á¬¹áµÄ, Ö§ÀëÆÆËéµÄ: The film was so disjointed that I couldn't tell you what the story was about. ÄDz¿µçÓ°µÄÇé½ÚÖ§ÀëÆÆËé, ÎÒ¼òֱ˵²»³ö¸öËùÒÔÈ»À´. disjointedly adv. disjunctive / dIs5dVQNktIv; dIs`dVQNktIv/ adj (grammar) (of a conjunction) showing opposition or contrast between two ideas (eg either... or) £¨Ö¸Á¬´Ê£©×ªÕÛµÄ, ·´ÒâµÄ£¨Èçeither... or£©. disk / dIsk; dIsk/ n 1 (esp US) = disc. 2 (computing ¼Æ) circular plate, coated with magnetic material, on which data can be recorded in a form that can be used by a computer ´ÅÅÌ. Cf ²Î¿´ floppy disk (flop), hard disk (hard1). diskette / dIs5ket; dI`skZt/ n = floppy disk (flop). disk drive device which transfers data from a disk to the memory of a computer, or from the memory to the disk ´ÅÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷; ´ÅÅÌ»ú. =>illus at computer ¼ûcomputerÖ®²åͼ. dislike / dIs5laIk; dIs`laIk/ v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] not like (sb/sth)²»Ï²»¶, ÌÖÑᣨijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©: My mother dislikes seeing you with me/dislikes our being together. ÎÒĸÇײ»Ï²»¶¿´µ½ÄãºÍÎÒÔÚÒ»Æð. * I like cats but dislike dogs. ÎÒϲ»¶Ã¨, ²»Ï²»¶¹·. * I dislike it when you whistle. ÎÒ²»°®ÌýÄã´µ¿ÚÉÚ. * If you go on like that you'll get yourself disliked, ie become unpopular. ÄãÔÙÕâÑùÏÂÈ¥, ±ðÈ˾Ͳ»Ï²»¶ÄãÁË. dislike n 1 (a) [U] ~ (of sb/sth) feeling of not liking ²»Ï²»¶; ·´¸Ð: a strong dislike of modern poetry ¶ÔÏÖ´úÊ«µÄÇ¿ÁÒ·´¸Ð. (b) [C usu pl ͨ³£×÷¸´Êý] thing that one dislikes ²»Ï²»¶µÄÊÂÎï: have one's pet dislikes ÓÐ×Ô¼ºÌرð²»Ï²»¶µÄ¶«Î÷. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) likes and dislikes => like2. take a dislike to sb/sth start disliking sb/sth ¿ªÊ¼²»Ï²»¶Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: I don't know why, but I took a strong dislike to him as soon as I saw him. Ò²²»ÖªÎªÊ²÷á, ÎÒÒ»¼ûËû¾ÍÊ®·ÖÌÖÑáËû. dislocate / 5dIslEkeIt; ?@ 5dIslEUkeIt; `dIslo9ket/ v [Tn] 1 put (a bone) out of its proper position in a joint ʹ£¨¹ÇÍ·£©ÍÑλ: dislocate one's ankle, wrist, etc ʹ½Åõס¢ ÊÖÍóµÈÍÑ¾Ê * a dislocated shoulder ÍÑÁ˾ʵļç°ò. 2 stop (a system, plan, etc) from working as it should; disrupt ÈÅÂÒ£¨Öƶȡ¢ ¼Æ»®µÈ£©: Flights have been dislocated by thefog. ´óÎí½«·É»úµÄ°à´Î½ÁÂÒÁË. > dislocation/ 9dIslE-5keIFn; ?@ 9dIslEU5keIFn; 9dIslo`keFEn/ n [C, U]: treated her for a dislocation and muscle strain ΪËýÖÎÁÆÍѾʺͼ¡ÈâŤÉË * The strike will cause some dislocation of rail traffic. Õâ´Î°Õ¹¤»á¸øÌú·½»Í¨Ôì³ÉÒ»¶¨µÄ»ìÂÒ. dislodge / dIs5lCdV; dIs`lBdV/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) move or force sb/sth from a previously fixed position ½«Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]Öð³ö»òÒÆ¿ª; ÒÆÈ¥; È¡³ö: The wind dislodged some tiles (from the roof). ·ç°ÑÍߣ¨´ÓÎݶ¥ÉÏ£©¹ÎÁËÏÂÀ´. * There's something between my teeth and I can't dislodge it. ÎÒÑÀ·ìÀïÈûÁ˵㶫Î÷, ¾ÍÊÇŪ²»³öÀ´. * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) She became champion in 1982 and no one has been able to dislodge her. Ëýì¶1982Äê»ñµÃ¹Ú¾ü, ÖÁ½ñ»¹Ã»ÓÐÈËÄÜ°ÑËý´Ó±¦×ùÉÏÀ­ÏÂÀ´. dislodgement n [U]. disloyal / dIs5lRIEl; dIs`lRIEl/ adj ~ (to sb/sth) not loyal; unfaithful ²»ÖÒʵµÄ; ²»ÖҳϵÄ: be disloyal to a cause, one's country, one's associates ¶ÔÊÂÒµ²»ÖÒ¡¢ ¶Ô¹ú¼Ò²»ÖÒ¡¢ ¶Ôͬʲ»ÊØÐÅÒå. disloyally / -5lRIElI;-`lRIElI/ adv. disloyalty / -5lRIEltI; -`lRIEltI/ n [U, C]. dismal / 5dIzmEl; `dIzml/ adj 1 causing or showing sadness; gloomy; miserable £¨Ê¹ÈË£©±¯É˵Ä; ÆàÁ¹µÄ; Òõ³ÁµÄ; ±¯²ÒµÄ: dismal weather, countryside Òõ³Á³ÁµÄÌìÆø¡¢ Ïç´å * The news was as dismal as ever. ÕâÏûÏ¢»¹ÊǽÐÈËÌá²»Æð¾¢À´. * a dismal manner, tone of voice, look, etc ÓôÓô¹Ñ»¶µÄÑù×Ó¡¢ ±¯ÆݵÄÓïµ÷¡¢ Æà³þµÄÉñÇéµÈ. 2 (infml ¿Ú) less good than expected; poor ²î¾¢µÄ; ²»Ôõ÷áÑùµÄ: a dismal performance in the elections ÔÚÑ¡¾ÙÖвµÄ±íÏÖ. dismally / -mElI; -mlI/ adv. dismantle / dIs5mAntl; dIs`mAntl/ v [Tn] 1 take (sth) to pieces ½«£¨Ä³Î²ð¿ª; ²ð³ý£¨Ä³Î: dismantle a faulty motor, machine, etc (for repairs) °ÑÓÐ벡µÄ·¢¶¯»ú¡¢ »úÆ÷µÈ²ð¿ª£¨ÒÔ±ãÐÞÀí£© * dismantle an exhibition, a theatrical set, etc °ÑËùÓÐչƷ¡¢ Ï·¾ç²¼¾°µÈ²ð³ý * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) We should dismantle our inefficient tax system. ÎÒÃÇÕâ¸öЧÒæºÜ²îµÄË°ÊÕÖƶÈÓ¦¸Ã·Ï³ý. 2 remove fittings and furnishings from (a building or ship) ²ð³ý£¨½¨ÖþÎï»ò´¬Ö»£©µÄ×°±¸. dismay / dIs5meI; dIs`me/ n [U] feeling of shock and discouragement ¾ªãµ; ÆøÄÙ; »ÒÐÄ: be filled/struck with dismay (at the news, etc) £¨µÃµ½ÕâÏûÏ¢µÈ£©¼«ÎªÕ𾪠* He learned to his dismay that he had lost his job. ËûµÃÖª×Ô¼ºÊ§È¥Á˹¤×÷, Ê®·ÖÉËÐÄ. * We watched in blank dismay as she packed her bags. ÎÒÃÇÇÆÖøËý´òÐÐÀî, ¸Ðµ½ÎÞ¿ÉÄκÎ. dismay v [Tn usu passive ͨ³£ÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] fill (sb) with dismay ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©¾ªãµ»òÆøÄÙ: We were all dismayed at his refusal to co-operate. Ëû²»¿ÏºÏ×÷ʹÎÒÃǸе½·Ç³£Ê§Íû. dismember / dIs5membE(r); dIs`mZmbL/ v [Tn] 1 cut or tear off the limbs of (a person or an animal) Çжϻò·ÖÁÑ£¨ÈË»ò¶¯ÎµÄÖ«Ìå; Ö«½â: The victim's dismemberedbody was found in a trunk. ÔÚÒ»Ö»´óÏä×ÓÀï·¢ÏÖÁËÊܺ¦ÕßÔâÖ«½âµÄÇûÌå. 2 divide (a country, etc) into parts; partition ¹Ï·Ö£¨¹ú¼ÒµÈ£©; ·Ö¸î. dismemberment n [U]. dismiss / dIs5mIs; dIs`mIs/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) remove sb (esp an employee) from a position Ãâ³ýijÈË£¨ÓÈÖ¸¹ÍÔ±£©µÄÖ°Îñ; ¿ª³ý; ½â¹Í: workers who havebeen unfairly dismissed ±»ÎÞÀí½â¹ÍµÄ¹¤ÈË. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr]~ sb (from sth) send sb away; allow sb to leave °ÑijÈË´ò·¢×ß; ÈÃijÈËÀ뿪: dismiss soldiers, a class Dzɢʿ±ø¡¢ Ï¿Π* (fml ÎÄ) The duchess dismissed the servant (from her presence). ¹«¾ô·òÈËÈÃÄǸöÆÍÈËÍËÏÂ. 3 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) put (thoughts, feelings, etc) out of one's mind ÆÁ³ý£¨Ë¼Ïë¡¢ ¸ÐÇéµÈ£©: He tried without success to dismiss her/her memory from his thoughts. Ëû¾¡Á¿²»È¥ÏëËý, È»¶øÎÞ¼Ãì¶ÊÂ. (b) [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) consider sb/sth not worth thinking or talking about ¶ÔijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]²»ÓèÀí»á»ò²»Ð¼Ò»Ìá: She was dismissed as a dreamer. ÈËÃÇÈÏΪËýÊǸö¿ÕÏë¼Ò¶ø²»ÓèÀí²Ç. * dismiss a suggestion, an objection, an idea, etc ²»Àí»áÒ»½¨Òé¡¢ ÒìÒé¡¢ Ö÷ÒâµÈ. 4 [Tn] (law ÂÉ) reject (a case, an appeal, etc) ²µ»Ø£¨ËÏ°¸¡¢ ÉÏËߵȣ©. 5 [Tn] (in cricket) end the innings of (the other team or one of its batsmen) £¨°åÇòÈüÖУ©ÆÈʹ£¨¶Ô·½Çò¶Ó»ò»÷ÇòÊÖ£©³ö¾Ö, Í˳¡. dismissal / dIs5mIsl; dIs`mIsl/ n (a) [U] action of dismissing ¿ª³ý; ³·Ö°; ½â¹Í; µ÷Àë; Dzɢ; ÆÁ³ý; ²»ÓèÀí»á; ²µ»Ø; Í˳¡: a strike caused by the dismissal of two workers Òò½â¹ÍÁ½Ãû¹¤È˶øÒýÆðµÄ°Õ¹¤Ê¼þ * his rash dismissal of the offer Ëû¶Ô¸ÃÌáÒéÇáÂʵľܾø. (b) [C] event of being dismissed ±»½â¹Í¡¢ ±»³·Ö°µÈµÄʼþ: The dismissals led to a strike. ¹ÍÖ÷½â¹Í¹¤È˵¼ÖÂÁË°Õ¹¤Ê¼þ. dismissive adj ~ (of sb/sth) dismissing in a rude, brief and casual way £¨ÒÔ´Ö±©¡¢ ÇáÂʼ°Âþ²»¾­ÐĵÄ̬¶È£©´ò·¢×ß»ò±íʾ¾Ü¾ø: a dismissive gesture, tone of voice, shrug of the shoulders ±íʾÇáÃïµÄÊÖÊÆ¡¢ Óïµ÷¡¢ Ò»Ëʼç * Reviewers were dismissive, and the play closed within a week. ÓÉì¶ÆÀÂÛ½ç³Ö·ñ¶¨Ì¬¶È, ¸Ã¾çÉÏÑݲ»µ½Ò»ÖܱãÍ£Ö¹ÁË. * Don't be so dismissive of her talent. ¿É±ðС¿´ÁËËýµÄ²ÅÄÜ. dismissively adv. dismount / 9dIs5maUnt; dIs`maJnt/ v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) get off (a motor cycle, bicycle, horse, etc) Ï£¨Ä¦Íгµ¡¢ ×ÔÐгµ¡¢ ÂíµÈ£©. Cf ²Î¿´ alight2 1. 2 [Tn] cause (sb) to fall, esp from a horse, etc ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©µôÏÂ; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©×¹ÂíµÈ. disobedient / 9dIsE5bi:dIEnt; 9dIsE`bidIEnt/ adj not obedient ²»Ë³´ÓµÄ; ²»·þ´ÓµÄ: a disobedient child ²»Ìý»°µÄº¢×Ó * I was very disobedient towards my father. ÎÒ¸ù±¾²»ÌýÎÒ¸¸Ç׵Ļ°. disobedience / -IEns; -IEns/ n [U] failure or refusal to obey ²»Ë³´Ó; ²»·þ´Ó: an act of disobedience Î¥¿¹ÐÐΪ * He was punished for his disobedience. ËûÒò²»Ë³´Ó¶øÊܵ½³Í·£. disobediently adv. disobey / 9dIsE5beI; 9dIsE`be/ v [I, Tn] not obey (a person, law, etc) ²»·þ´Ó, Î¥¿¹£¨Ä³ÈË¡¢ ·¨Âɵȣ©. disoblige / 9dIsE5blaIdV; 9dIsE`blaIdV/ v [Tn] (fml ÎÄ) refuse to help or co-operate with (sb) ²»¿Ï°ïÖú£¨Ä³ÈË£©; ¾Ü²»Ó루ijÈË£©ºÏ×÷. disobliging adj: a disobliging manner, person, response ²»Ô¸ºÏ×÷µÄ̬¶È¡¢ ÈË¡¢ ·´Ó¦ * Sorry to be so disobliging, but I have no money to lend you. ºÜ±§Ç¸, °®ÄªÄÜÖú, ÎÒûÓÐÇ®½è¸øÄã. disobligingly adv. disorder / dIs5R:dE(r); dIs`RrdL/ n 1 [U] confused or untidy state; lack of order »ìÂÒ; ÁèÂÒ; ÎÞÖÈÐò: with one's papers, thoughts, financial affairs in (complete) disorder Ö¤¼þ¡¢ ˼Ð÷¡¢ ²ÆÎñ£¨ÍêÈ«£©ÂÒÆß°ËÔãµØ * Everyone began shouting at once and the meeting broke up in disorder. ´ó¼ÒÒ»ÏÂ×ÓÈ«¶¼º°½ÐÆðÀ´, »áÒéÖÈÐò´óÂÒ¶ø±»ÆÈÖжÏ. 2 (a) [U] disturbance of public order ɧÂÒ: The capital is calm, but continuing disorder has been reported elsewhere. Ê׶¼Ò»Æ¬Æ½¾², È»¶ø¾Ý±¨µÀÔÚ±ðµÄµØ·½ÈÔÓгÖÐøµÄɧÂÒ. (b) [C] riot ¶¯ÂÒ; ±©ÂÒ: The announcement led to violent civil disorders. ÕâÏîÐû²¼ÒýÆðÁ˾çÁÒµÄÄÚÂÒ. 3 [C, U] disturbance of the normal working of the body or mind £¨ÉíÌå»ò¾«Éñ£©²»ÊÊ, ¼²²¡: He's suffering from severe mental disorder. Ëû»¼ÓÐÑÏÖصľ«Éñ²¡. * a disorder of the bowels ÄÖ¶Ç×Ó. disorder v [Tn] disturb the order of (sth) ŪÂÒ£¨Ä³Î: disorder sb's papers, files, etc °ÑijÈ˵ÄÖ¤¼þ¡¢ µµ°¸µÈŪÂÒ. disordered adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] suffering from lack of order or control ´íÂÒµÄ; ʧµ÷µÄ: a disordered imagination, flow of words ¾«Éñ´íÂÒ¡¢ ÓïÎÞÂ×´Î * He led a disordered life and died in poverty. ËûÉú»îºÁÎÞ¹æÂÉ, ì¶Æ¶À§ÖÐËÀÈ¥. disorderly adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] 1 untidy ÁèÂÒµÄ; ÎÞÖÈÐòµÄ: a disorderly heap of clothes ÂÒÆß°ËÔãµÄÒ»¶ÑÒ·þ. 2 (of people or behaviour) showing a lack of self-control; disturbing public order £¨Ö¸ÈË»òÐÐΪ£©²»ÄÜÂɼºµÄ, ·Á°­Öΰ²µÄ: a disorderly mob, demonstration, meeting, etc ÈÅÂÒÉç»áÖÈÐòµÄ±©Ãñ¡¢ ʾÍþ»î¶¯¡¢ ¼¯»áµÈ * (law ÂÉ) a disorderly house, ie where prostitution or illegal gambling is carried on ¼ËÔº£¨»ò·Ç·¨¶Ä³¡£©. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) drunk and disorderly => drunk. disorderliness n [U]. disorganize, disorganise / dIs5R:gEnaIz; dIs`Rr^E9naIz/ v [Tn] spoil the organized way (sb/sth) is supposed to work ´òÂÒ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©µÄ²½Öè»ò°²ÅÅ: disorganize a schedule, plan, etc ´òÂÒ³ÌÐò¡¢ ¼Æ»®µÈ. disorganization, disorganisation / dIs9R:gEnaI5zeIFn; ?@ -nI5z-; dIs9Rr^EnE`zeFEn/ n [U]. disorganized, disorganised adj badly organized or planned ×éÖ¯²»ÉƵÄ; ¼Æ»®²»ÖܵÄ: She's so disorganized she never gets anything done. Ëý̫ȱ·¦ÌõÀíÁË, ʲ÷áÊÂÒ²×ö²»³É. * a disorganized lesson, holiday, household ÁèÂÒÎÞÐòµÄ¿Î¡¢ ¼Æ»­²»ÖܵļÙÆÚ¡¢ ÔÓÂÒÎÞÕµļÒÎñ. disorganize, disorganise / dIs5R:gEnaIz; dIs`Rr^E9naIz/ v [Tn] spoil the organized way (sb/sth) is supposed to work ´òÂÒ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©µÄ²½Öè»ò°²ÅÅ: disorganize a schedule, plan, etc ´òÂÒ³ÌÐò¡¢ ¼Æ»®µÈ. disorientate / dIs5R:rIEnteIt; dIs`RrIZn9tet/ (also esp US disorient / dIs5R:rIEnt; dIs`RrI9Znt/) v [Tn esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] 1 cause (sb) to lose all sense of direction ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©ÃÔʧ·½Ïò: We were quite disorientated by the maze of streets. ½ÖµÀÇúÇúÍäÍäµÄ, °ÑÎÒÃÇŪµÃÃÔʧÁË·½Ïò. 2 confuse (sb) ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©ÉñÖ¾ÃÔÂÒ: I felt completely disorientated with the jet lag. Îҳ˳¤Í¾·É»úááÒòÉúÀí½Ú×àʧµ÷¶ø¸Ðµ½»è»è³Á³ÁµÄ. disorientation /dIs9R:rIEn5teIFn; dIs9RrIEn`teFEn/ n [U]. disown / dIs5EUn; dIs`on/ v [Tn] refuse to be connected with (sb/sth), esp because one is shocked by some action Ó루ijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©¶Ï¾ø¹Øϵ, ÍÑÀë¹Øϵ: If you behave like that in front of my friends again, I'll disown you! ÄãÒªÊǵ±ÖøÎÒÅóÓѵÄÃæÔÙÄÇÑù×ö, ÎҾͺÍÄãÒ»µ¶Á½¶Ï! disparage / dI5spArIdV; dI`spArIdV/ v [Tn] suggest, esp unfairly, that (sb/sth) is of little value or importance ±áµÍ, ÇáÊÓ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©£¨ÓÈָǷ¹«ÔÊ£©: disparage sb's work, talents, achievements, character, etc ±áµÍijÈ˵Ä×÷Æ·¡¢ ²ÅÄÜ¡¢ ³É¾Í¡¢ Æ·ÐÔµÈ. disparagement n [U]. disparaging adj: disparaging remarks, comments, etc ±áµÍÐÔµÄÑÔÓï¡¢ ÆÀÂÛµÈ. disparagingly adv: speak disparagingly of sb/sb's efforts Ú®»ÙijÈË[ijÈ˵ijɾÍ]. disparate / 5dIspErEt; `dIspErIt/ adj (fml ÎÄ) so different in kind or degree that they cannot be compared åÄÈ»²»Í¬µÄ; ÎÞ·¨±È½ÏµÄ: The five experiments gave quite disparate results. ÕâÎå´ÎÊÔÑéËù»ñµÃµÄ½á¹ûåÄÈ»²»Í¬. disparately adv. disparity / dI5spArEtI; dIs`pArEtI/ n (fml ÎÄ) [U, C] difference or inequality ²»Í¬; ²»µÈ: disparity in age, rank, income, status, etc ÄêÁä¡¢ ¼¶±ð¡¢ ÊÕÈë¡¢ µØλµÈ·½ÃæµÄ²î¾à * Comparison of the two accounts revealed numerous disparities. °ÑÁ½±¾ÕÊÒ»±È½Ï, ·¢ÏÖÓÐÐí¶à³öÈë. dispassionate / dI5spAFEnEt; dIs`pAFEnIt/ adj (approv °ý) not influenced by emotion; impartial ²»¶¯¸ÐÇéµÄ; Àä¾²µÄ; ¹«Æ½µÄ: a dispassionate view, observer, judgement ¿Í¹Û¹«ÕýµÄ¼û½â¡¢ ¹Û²ì¼Ò¡¢ ÆÀÅÐ. dispassionately adv: She listened dispassionately but with great interest to both arguments. ËýƽÐľ²ÆøµØÌýÖø, È»¶ø¶ÔË«·½µÄÀíÓɶ¼¼«Îª×¢Òâ. dispatch (also despatch) / dI5spAtF; dI`spAtF/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to...) send sb/sth off to a destination or for a special purpose ÅÉDz£¨Ä³ÈË£©; ·¢ËÍ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ: dispatch a letter, telegram, message, etc ·¢ÐÅ¡¢ µç±¨¡¢ ÏûÏ¢µÈ * American warships have been dispatched to the area. ÃÀ¹ú¾ü½¢ÒÑÅÉÍù¸ÃµØÇø. 2 [Tn] finish (a job, meal, etc) quickly ѸËÙ×öÍ꣨¹¤×÷£©; ´Ò´Ò³ÔÍ꣨·¹£©: The chairman dispatched the meeting in 20 minutes. Ö÷ϯ½öÓÃ20·ÖÖӾͽáÊøÁË»áÒé. 3 [Tn] give the death-blow to (sb/sth); kill ¸øÓ裨ijÈË[ijÎï]£©ÖÂÃüµÄÒ»»÷; ɱËÀ: A vet dispatched the injured horse. ÊÞÒ½°ÑÄÇÆ¥ÊÜÉ˵ÄÂíɱËÀÁË. dispatch (also despatch) / dI5spAtF; dI`spAtF/ n 1 (fml ÎÄ) [U] dispatching; being dispatched £¨±»£©ÅÉDz; ·¢ËÍ: We welcome the dispatch of the peace-keeping force. ÎÒÃǶÔÅɳöά³ÖºÍƽ²¿¶Ó´Ë¾Ù±íʾ»¶Ó­. 2 [C] (a) official message or report sent quickly £¨¹«Êµģ©¼±¼þ. (b) report sent to a newspaper or news agency £¨·¢¸ø±¨¿¯»òͨѶÉçµÄ£©ÐÂÎű¨µÀ; µçѶ. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) mentioned in dispatches => mention. with di`spatch (dated ¾É) quickly and effectively ѸËÙ¶øÓÐЧµØ: act with dispatch Ðж¯ÀûË÷. dispatch-box n (a) container for carrying official documents £¨´«ËÍÎļþÓõģ©¹«ÎÄÏä. (b) the Dispatch Box box in the British Parliament next to which Ministers stand when speaking Ó¢¹úÒé»áÖÐÖÃ춴ó³¼Õ¾Á¢·¢ÑÔ´¦µÄÏä×Ó. dispatch-rider n (usu military) messenger who travels by motor cycle £¨Í¨³£Ö¸¾ü¶ÓÖУ©ÆïĦÍгµµÄͨѶԱ. dispel / dI5spel; dI`spZl/ v (-ll-) [Tn] drive (sth) away; cause to vanish Çý×ߣ¨Ä³ÊÂÎ; ʹÏûʧ: dispel sb's doubts/fears/worries Ïû³ýijÈ˵ÄÒÉÂÇ[¿Ö¾å/·³ÄÕ] * The company is trying to dispel rumours about a take-over. ¹«Ë¾Á¦Í¼³ÎÇåÓйؿØÖÆȨתÒƵÄÁ÷ÑÔ. dispensable / dI5spensEbl; dI`spZnsEbl/ adj [usu pred ͨ³£×÷±íÓï] not necessary or essential ²»±ØÒª; ²»ÖØÒª: A garage is useful but dispensable. Æû³µ·¿ËäÈ»ÓÐÓÃ, µ«²»±ØÒª. dispensary / dI5spensErI; dI`spZnsErI/ n (a) place in a hospital, school, etc where medicines are given out £¨Ò½Ôº¡¢ ѧУµÈµÄ£©Ò©·¿. (b) place where patients are treated; clinic Ò½ÎñÊÒ; ÕïËù. dispensation / 9dIspen5seIFn; 9dIspEn`seFEn/ n 1 [U] (fml ÎÄ) action of dispensing or distributing ·ÖÅä; ·Ö·¢. 2 [U, C] (fml ÎÄ) apparent arrangement of events by Providence ÉñµÄ°²ÅÅ; ÌìÃü; ÌìµÀ. 3 [C, U] (religion ×Ú) (in the Roman Catholic Church) permission to break the normal rules of the church £¨ÌìÖ÷½Ì£©ÌØ×¼£¨ÈÝÐíÎ¥·´½Ì»áµÄ³£¹æ£©, »íÃâ: She needs a special dispensation to marry her cousin. ËýÐèÒªµÃµ½ÌØ×¼²ÅÄܼ޸øËýµÄ±íÇ×. 4 [C] (religion ×Ú) religious system prevalent at a certain period ijһʱ´úµÄ×Ú½ÌÖƶÈ: the Christian, Mosaic dispensation »ù¶½½ÌµÄ½Ì¹æ¡¢ ĦÎ÷µÄÂÉ·¨. dispense / dI5spens; dI`spZns/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (a) give sth out; distribute sth Ê©ÓèijÎï; ·ÖÅäijÎï: On Saturday morning my father solemnly dispensed pocket money to each of the children. ÐÇÆÚÁùÉÏÎçÎÒ¸¸Ç×Ö£ÖØÆäʵظøÿ¸öº¢×Ó·¢Á㻨Ǯ. * a machine dispensing paper towels ¹©Ó¦Ö½½íµÄ»úÆ÷. (b) (law ÂÉ) administer (justice) in court Ö´ÐУ¨·¨ÂÉ£©. 2 [Tn] prepare and give out (medicine, esp that prescribed by a doctor) Å䣨ҩ£©ºÍ·¢£¨Ò©£©£¨ÓÈÖ¸°´Ò½Éú´¦·½£©: (Brit) a dispensing chemist Ò©¼Áʦ * dispense a prescription, ie medicine that has been prescribed °´´¦·½ÅäÒ©. 3 (phr v) dispense with sb/sth manage without sb/sth; get rid of sb/sth Óò»ÖøijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]; °ÚÍÑijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: He is not yet well enough to dispense with the pills. ËûÉÐδȬÓú, ÈÔÐè³ÔÒ©. * Let's dispense with formalities! ÔÛÃDz»±Ø¾ÐÀñÁË. * Formalities were dispensed with, ie People could speak frankly or naturally. Ãâ³ýÁË¿ÍÌ×. * Automation has largely dispensed with the need for manual checking, ie made it unnecessary. ʵÐÐÁË×Ô¶¯»¯¾ÍÔںܴó³Ì¶ÈÉϲ»ÐèÒªÈ˹¤¼ìÑéÁË. dispenser n 1 device from which towels, liquid soap, paper cups, etc may be obtained ×Ô¶¯ÊÛ»õ»ú£¨³öÊÛë½í¡¢ ÒºÌåÔí¡¢ Ö½±­µÈ£©: a cash dispenser ×Ô¶¯Ìá¿î»ú. 2 person who dispenses medicine ÅäÒ©Õß; Ò©¼Áʦ. disperse / dI5sp\:s; dI`sp[s/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sb/sth to) go in different directions; scatter; break up £¨Ê¹Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]£©É¢¿ª; ÏûÉ¢; ÇýÉ¢: The crowd dispersed (in all directions). ÈËȺɢ¿ªÁË. * The wind dispersed the clouds. ·ç°ÑÔÆ´µÉ¢ÁË. dispersal / dI5sp\:sl; dI`sp[sl/ n [U] action or process of dispersing ·ÖÉ¢; ÏûÉ¢: They called for the peaceful dispersal of the demonstrators. ËûÃÇÒªÇóʾÍþÕߺÍƽ½âÉ¢. dispersion / dI5sp\:Fn; ?@ dI5sp\:rVn; dI`sp[VEn/ n (a) [U] dispersal, esp of light ·ÖÉ¢; ÏûÉ¢; £¨ÓÈÖ¸¹âµÄ£©É«É¢. (b) the Dispersion [sing] = the Diaspora. dispirit / dI5spIrIt; dI`spIrIt/ v [Tn] discourage (sb); depress ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©ÆøÄÙ; ʹ¾ÚÉ¥: She refused to be dispirited by her long illness. Ëý²¢Î´Òò³¤ÆÚ»¼²¡¶øήÃÒ²»Õñ. Cf ²Î¿´ demoralize. dispirited adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï]: a dispirited air, look, expression, etc ÐÄ»ÒÒâÀÁµÄÑù×Ó¡¢ ÉñÉ«¡¢ ±íÇéµÈ. dispiritedly adv. dispiriting adj: Our lack of progress is very dispiriting. ÎÒÃǺÁÎÞ½øÕ¹ÕæʹÈËÆøÄÙ. displace / dIs5pleIs; dIs`ples/ v [Tn] 1 move (sb/sth) from the usual or correct place ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]£©À뿪ԭλ. 2 (fml ÎÄ) take the place of (sb/sth) È¡´ú, Ìæ´ú, Öû»£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]£©: Moderates have displaced the extremists on the committee. ÔÚίԱ»áÖÐ, ÎȽ¡ÅÉÈËÊ¿È¡´úÁ˼¤½øÅÉÈËÊ¿. * Weeds tend to displace other plants. ÔÓ²ÝÔ½À´Ô½¶à, ÓÐÈ¡´úÆäËûÖ²ÎïÖ®ÊÆ. displaced person (dated ¾É) refugee ÄÑÃñ; Á÷ÍöÕß. displacement / dIs5pleIsmEnt; dIs`plesmEnt/ n 1 [U] displacing or being displaced ÒÆλ; È¡´ú. 2 [C] (nautical º£) weight of water displaced by a ship floating in it, used as a measure of the ship's size ÅÅË®Á¿: a ship with a displacement of 10000 tons ÅÅË®Á¿Îª10000¶ÖµÄ´¬Ö». display / dI5spleI; dI`sple/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) 1 put sth on show չʾ¡¢ ±í¶»ò³ÂÁÐijÊÂÎï: display a notice, goods for sale, one's anger, one's wealth ÕÅÌù²¼¸æ¡¢ ³ÂÁÐÉÌÆ·¡¢ ±íÏÖ×Ô¼ºµÄ·ßÅ­¡¢ ìÅ¡¡×Ô¼ºµÄ²Æ¸» * It's the first time the painting has been displayed to the public. ÕâÊǸû­Ê״ι«¿ªÕ¹³ö. 2 show signs of having (a quality or an emotion, etc) ÏÔʾ, ÏÔ¶£¨Ä³ÌØÐÔ»òÇéÐ÷µÈ£©: display one's ignorance, arrogance, fear, etc ÏÔʾ³öÓÞÃÁÎÞÖª¡¢ ¿ñÍý×Ô´ó¡¢ µ¨Ð¡ÅÂÊÂµÈ * Her writing displays natural talent. ËýдµÄ×÷Æ·ÏÔʾ³öËýÌ츳¼«¸ß. display / dI5spleI; dI`sple/ n 1 (a) act of displaying չʾ; ±í¶; ³ÂÁÐ; ÏÔʾ; ÏÔ¶: put on a firework display Ê©·ÅÑÌ»ð * a display of karate, military might, courage, strength ¿ÕÊÖµÀµÄ±íÑÝ¡¢ ¾üÊÂÍþÁ¦µÄìÅÒ«¡¢ ÓÂÆøµÄ±íÏÖ¡¢ Á¦Á¿µÄÏÔʾ * an appalling display of incompetence, prejudice, greed ¼«ÆäÎÞÄÜ¡¢ Æ«ÆÄ¡¢ Ì°À·µÄ±íÏÖ. (b) goods, works of art, etc being displayed ³ÂÁеĻõÎï¡¢ ÒÕÊõÆ·µÈ: The displays in Harrods are one of the sights in London. ¹þÂ޵°ٻõ¹«Ë¾µÄ³ÂÁÐÆ·ÊÇÂ׶ØÒ»¾°. =>Usage at demonstration Ó÷¨¼ûdemonstration. 2 (computing ¼Æ) words, pictures, etc shown on a visual display unit Ó«ÆÁÉÏÏÔʾµÄ´ÊÓï¡¢ »­ÃæµÈ. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) on display being displayed ±»Õ¹Ê¾; ±»³ÂÁÐ: A collection of photographs was on display in the hall. ´óÌüÀïÕ¹³öÁËÒ»¼­ÕÕƬ. * put sth on display, ie display it Õ¹³öijÎï. displease / dIs5pli:z; dIs`pliz/ v [Tn] make (sb) feel upset or angry; annoy ÈÇÄÕ, ´¥Å­£¨Ä³ÈË£©; ʹÉúÆø: He'd do anything rather than displease his parents. ËûÎÞÂÛÈçºÎÒ²²»»áÈǸ¸Ä¸ÉúÆø. * Her insolence greatly displeased the judge. Ëý°ÁÂýÎÞÀñ, ´ó´óµØ´¥Å­ÁË·¨¹Ù. displeased adj ~ (with sb/sth): He was rather displeased with his friends (for not having phoned to say they were coming). Ëû¶ÔÅóÓѵÄ×ö·¨ÓÐЩ²»¿ì£¨ÒòΪËûÃÇûÓдòµç»°¸æÖªÒªÀ´£©. * Many voters are displeased with the government's policies. Ðí¶àÑ¡Ãñ²»ÂúÕþ¸®µÄÕþ²ß. displeasing adj ~ (to sb/sth): Modern music can at first seem displeasing to the ear. ÏÖ´úÒôÀÖÕ§ÌýÆðÀ´¿ÉÄÜÈÃÈ˺ܲ»Êæ·þ. * a displeasing habit (of talking too much) ÁîÈËÑá·³µÄ£¨ßë߶£©Ï°¹ß. displeasingly adv. displeasure / dIs5pleVE(r); dIs`plZVL/ n [U] displeased feeling; dissatisfaction ²»ÔÃ; ²»Âú: His rash outburst incurred the displeasure of the judge. Ëû²ªÈ»´óŭʹ·¨¹Ù²»ÔÃ. * express one's displeasure at sth ¶ÔijÊÂÎï±íʾ²»Âú. disport / dI5spR:t; dI`spRrt/ v [Tn] ~ oneself (fml or joc ÎÄ»òÚÊ) amuse oneself energetically »¶Óé; È¡ÀÖ: children disporting themselves like puppies on the beach ÏñһȺС¹·ËƵÄÔÚº£Ì²ÉÏæÒÏ·µÄ¶ùͯ. disposable / dI5spEUzEbl; dI`spozEbl/ adj [esp attrib ÓÈ×÷¶¨Óï] 1 made to be thrown away after use ÓÃÍê¼´¿É¶ªÆúµÄ; Ò»´ÎÐÔµÄ: disposable razors, nappies, syringes, plates Ò»´ÎÐÔµÄÌ굶¡¢ ÄòƬ¡¢ ×¢ÉäÆ÷¡¢ ÅÌ×Ó. 2 (finance ²Æ) available for use ¿É¶¯ÓõÄ: disposable assets, capital, resources, etc ¿ÉÖ§ÅäµÄ×ʲú¡¢ ×ʱ¾¡¢ ×ÊÔ´µÈ * disposable income, ie that one can spend oneself after paying one's income tax, social security contributions, etc ¿ÉÖ§ÅäÊÕÈ루½ÉÄÉËùµÃË°¡¢ Éç»á¸£Àû½ðµÈÖ®áá×Ô¼º¿ÉÒÔ¶¯ÓõIJ¿·Ö£©. disposal / dI5spEUzl; dI`spozl/ n 1 [U] action of getting rid of sth Çå³ý; ´¦Àí; ´¦ÖÃ: The safe disposal of nuclear waste is a major problem. °²È«´¦Öú˷ÏÁÏÊǸö´óÎÊÌâ. * a bomb disposal squad Õ¨µ¯´¦ÀíС×é. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) at one's/sb's disposal available for one/sb to use as one wishes ¹©ÈÎÒâʹÓÃ; ¿É×ÔÐÐÖ§Åä: Students have a well-stocked library at their disposal. ѧÉúÓиö²ØÊé·á¸»µÄͼÊé¹Ý, ·Ç³£·½±ã. * The firm put a secretary at my disposal. ¹«Ë¾¸øÎÒÅ䱸ÁËÒ»ÃûÃØÊé. dispose / dI5spEUz; dI`spoz/ v 1 [Tn] (fml ÎÄ) place(sb/sth) in a suitable way; arrange °²ÅÅ, ±àÅÅ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©; ²¼ÖÃ: troops disposed in battle formation ±à³ÉÕ½¶·¶ÓÐεľü¶Ó * dispose the chairs/singers in a semi-circle °ÑÒÎ×Ó[³ª¸èµÄÈË]ÅųɰëÔ²ÐÎ. 2 [Cn.t] (fml ÎÄ) make (sb) willing or ready to do sth ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©Ô¸Òâ×öijÊÂÎï: His criminal record does not dispose me to trust him. ËûÓÐÇ°¿Æ, ÎÒ²»ÄÜÇáÒ×ÏàÐÅËû. 3 (phr v) dispose of sb/sth (a) get rid of sb/sth that one does not want or cannot keep È¥³ý¡¢ ´¦Àí¡¢ ÉáÆúijÈË[ijÎï]: a better way of disposing of household waste Çå³ý¼ÒÖÐÀ¬»øµÄºÃ°ì·¨ * He was forced to dispose of (ie sell) his art treasures. Ëû±»ÆÈ´¦Àí£¨Âô£©µôÁË×Ô¼ºµÄÒÕÊõÕä²Ø. * All the furniture has been disposed of. ËùÓеļҾ߶¼ÒÑ´¦ÀíµôÁË. (b) deal or finish with sb/sth that presents a problem Ó¦¸¶¡¢ ½â¾ö¡¢ Á˽áijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: She disposed of the champion in straight sets. ËýÒ»ÅÌδÊäսʤÁ˹ھü. * The president ruthlessly disposed of his rivals, eg dismissed them, had them killed. Õâλ×ÜͳÎÞÇéµØ³ýµôÁËÕþµÐ£¨È罫ËûÃdz·Ö°»òɱº¦£©. * Their objections were easily disposed of, ie successfully argued against. ËûÃǵķ´¶ÔÑÔÂÛºÜÈÝÒ׾ͱ»²µµ¹ÁË. (c) (no passive ²»ÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬) (fml ÎÄ) have sb/sth available for use Ëæʱ¿ÉʹÓûòÖ§ÅäijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: dispose of considerable wealth, power, influence, etc Ëæʱ¿ÉÖ§Åä¿É¹ÛµÄ²Æ¸»¡¢ ÐÐʹºÜ´óµÄȨÁ¦¡¢ Ê©¼ÓºÜ´óµÄÓ°Ïì. disposed / dI5spEUzd; dI`spozd/ adj [pred ×÷±íÓï] 1 ~ (to do sth) wanting or prepared to do sth Ï루×öijÊ£©; ×¼±¸£¨×öijÊ£©: I'm not disposed to meet them at the moment. ÎÒ²»´òËãÔÚ´Ë¿Ì»á¼ûËûÃÇ. * You're most welcome to join us if you feel so disposed. ÄãÈôÓÐÒâ²Î¼Ó, ÎÒÃÇÎÞÈλ¶Ó­. 2 (following an adv ÓÃ춸±´ÊÖ®áá) ~ towards sb/sth inclined to think that sb/sth is/is not good or worthwhile ÈÏΪijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]ºÃ[²»ºÃ]»òÓмÛÖµ[ÎÞ¼ÛÖµ]: well/ill disposed towards sb/sth ¶ÔijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]ÓкøÐ[Î޺øÐ] * She's favourably disposed towards new ideas. Ëý¶ÔÐÂ˼Ïë³ÖÔÞͬµÄ̬¶È. disposition / 9dIspE5zIFn; 9dIspE`zIFEn/ n [sing] 1 person's natural qualities of mind and character ÐÔÇé; ÐÔ¸ñ: a calm, irritable, cheerful, boastful, etc disposition ³Á¾²¡¢ Ò×Å­¡¢ ¿ªÀÊ¡¢ ×Ô¸ºµÈµÄÐÔ¸ñ. 2 ~ to sth/to do sth (fml ÎÄ) inclination; tendency ÒâÏò; ÇãÏò: a disposition to jealousy/to be jealous °®¼É¶Ê * There was a general disposition to ignore the problem. ÈËÃÇÒ»°ã¶¼ºöÊÓÁËÕâ¸öÎÊÌâ. 3 arrangement; placing °²ÅÅ; ²¼ÖÃ: A defector revealed the disposition of the enemy fleet. ÓÐÒ»ÃûÅѱäÕß͸¶Á˵з½½¢¶ÓµÄ²¿Êð. dispossess / 9dIspE5zes; 9dIspE`zZs/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth) take away property, land, a house, etc from sb ¶á×ߣ¨Ä³È˵IJƲú¡¢ ÍÁµØ¡¢ ·¿Îݵȣ©: The nobles were dispossessed (of their estates) after the revolution. ¸ïÃüáá°þ¶áÁ˹ó×åÃǵĵزú. the dispossessed n [pl v] people who have been dispossessed ±»°þ¶áȨÀûÕß. dispossession / 9dIspE5zeFn; 9dIspE`zZFEn/ n [U]. disproof / dIs5pru:f; dIs`pruf/ n (fml ÎÄ) (a) [U] disproving ·´Ö¤Ã÷. (b) [C] thing that disproves ·´Ö¤Îï. disproportion / 9dIsprE5pR:Fn; 9dIsprE`pRrFEn/ n [C, U] ~ (between sth and sth) (instance of) being out of proportion ²»¾ùºâ; ²»Ïà³Æ; ²»³É±ÈÀý: disproportion in age, size, weight, importance ÄêÁäÉϵIJ»Ïà³Æ¡¢ ³ß´çÉϵIJ»Ôȳơ¢ ÖØÁ¿ÉϵIJ»¾ùºâ¡¢ ÖØÒªÐÔÉϵIJ»ÏàµÈ * the disproportion between her salary and her responsibilities Ëýн½ðÓëÖ°ÔðµÄ²»Ïà³Æ. disproportionate / 9dIsprE5pR:FEnEt; 9dIsprE`pRrFEnIt/ adj relatively too large or small, etc; out of proportion¹ý´ó»ò¹ýСµÄ; ²»³É±ÈÀýµÄ: You spend a disproportionateamount of your time on sport. ÄãÔÚÔ˶¯·½Ã滨·ÑµÄʱ¼ä¹ý¶à. disproportionately adv: Babies often seem to have disproportionately large heads. Ó¤¶ùÍùÍùÏÔµÃÍ·²¿¹ý´ó. disprove / 9dIs5pru:v; dIs`pruv/ v [Tn] show that (sth) iswrong or false Ö¤Ã÷£¨Ä³ÊÂÎÓÐÎó»òÓмÙ: The allegationshave been completely disproved. ÕâЩָ¿ØÖ¤Ã÷ÍêÈ«ÊÇÎÞÖÐÉúÓÐ. disputable / dI5spju:tEbl; dI`spjutEbl/ adj that may be questioned or argued about ³ÉÎÊÌâµÄ; ÓÐÕùÒéµÄ: He made some very disputable claims about his record. ËûÉù³Æ´´ÔìÁËмͼ, ÄÇ¿É´óÓÐÕùÒé. disputably /-EblI; -EblI/ adv. disputant / dI5spju:tEnt, also 5dIspjUtEnt; `dIspjJtEnt/ n (law or fml ÂÉ»òÎÄ) person who disputes ÕùÂÛÕß; ±çÂÛÕß. disputation / 9dIspju:5teIFn; 9dIspjJ`teFEn/ n (fml ÎÄ) 1 [C, U] (instance of) disputing; controversy ÕùÂÛ; ±çÂÛ. 2 [C] (arch ¹Å) formal academic debate ѧÊõÌÖÂÛ. disputatious / 9dIspju:5teIFEs; 9dIspjJ`teFEs/ adj (fml ÎÄ) fond of arguing; inclined to argue °®ÕùÂÛµÄ; ºÃ±çµÄ. disputatiously adv. dispute / dI5spju:t; dI`spjut/ n 1 [U] argument; debate ÕùÂÛ; ±çÂÛ: There has been much dispute over the question of legalized abortion. ¶éÌ¥ºÏ·¨»¯ÎÊÌâÒýÆðÁËÐí¶àÕùÂÛ. * It is a matter of dispute (whether they did the right thing). £¨ËûÃÇ×öµÃ¶Ô»¹ÊDz»¶Ô,£©ÕâÊÇÓÐÕùÒéÖ®´¦. * Their conclusions are open to dispute. ËûÃǵĽáÂۿɹ©ÉÌȶ. 2 [C] quarrel; controversy Õù³³; ÕùÂÛ; ±çÂÛ: religious, political, industrial, etc disputes ×Ú½ÌÉϵÄÕùÂÛ¡¢ ÕþÖÎÉϵıçÂÛ¡¢ ÀÍ×ʾÀ·× * a border dispute that could easily become a war ÈÝÒ×Òý·¢Õ½ÕùµÄ±ß½çÕù¶Ë. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) beyond/past di`spute certain ÎÞ¿ÉÕù±çµÄ; È·¶¨ÎÞÒɵÄ: Her courage is beyond all dispute. ËýµÄÓÂÆøÊÇÎÞ¿ÉÖÃÒɵÄ. in di`spute that can be or is being argued about ¿ÉÒÔÕùÂÛ; ÔÚÕùÒéÖÐ: The exact cause of the accident is still in dispute. ʹʵÄÕæÕýÆðÒòÈÔÓÐÕùÒé. * Your sincerity is not in dispute. ÄãµÄ³Ï¿ÒÊÇÎÞ¿ÉÖñçµÄ. in dispute (with sb) involved in a (usu industrial) dispute Éæ¼°£¨Í¨³£ÎªÀÍ×ʹØϵÉϵģ©¾À·×: We're in dispute (with the management) about overtime rates. ÎÒÃÇÕý£¨Óë×Ê·½£©½»Éæ¼Ó°à·ÑÎÊÌâ. without di`spute certainly ºÁÎÞÒÉÒå; ÎÞÕùÂÛÓàµØ: He is without dispute the better player. ËûÎÞÒÉÊǽÏÓÅÐãµÄÑ¡ÊÖ. dispute / dI5spju:t; dI`spjut/ v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) argue; debate ÕùÂÛ; ±çÂÛ: Some people love to dispute (with everyone). ÓÐЩÈ˺ã¨ÓëÈË£©ÕùÂÛ. 2 (a) [Tn, Tw] argue about (sth) ÕùÂÛ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ: They disputed at great length what they should do. ËûÃǶÔÓ¦¸Ã×öʲ÷áÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâ½øÐÐÁ˳¤Ê±¼äµÄÕùÂÛ. (b) [Tn] question the truth or validity of (sth) ¶Ô£¨Ä³ÊÂÎµÄÕæʵÐÔ»òÓÐЧÐÔÌá³öÖÊѯ: dispute a statement, claim, decision, etc ¶ÔijÏî³ÂÊö¡¢ ÒªÇó¡¢ ¾ö¶¨µÈÌá³öÖÊÒÉ * The election result was disputed. ÓÐÈ˶ÔÑ¡¾ÙµÄ½á¹ûÌá³öÁËÒìÒé. 3 [Tn] try to stop sb winning (sth) from one; fight for (sth) º´ÎÀ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ; Õù¶á£¨Ä³Î: Our soldiers disputed every inch of ground. ÎÒ·½Õ½Ê¿´çÍÁ±ØÕù. disqualify / dIs5kwClIfaI; dIs`kwBlE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth/doing sth) prevent sb from doing sth, usu because he has broken a rule or is not able enough ÖÆֹijÈË×öijÊ£¨Í¨³£ÒòÆäÎ¥·´¹æÔò»òÄÜÁ¦²»¹»£©: Her criminal record disqualifies her from serving on a jury. ËýÓз¸×ïÇ°¿ÆËùÒÔ²»Äܵ±ÅãÉóÔ±. * She was disqualified in the first round. ËýÔÚµÚÒ»¾ÖÀï¾Í±»ÌÔÌ­ÁË. * The team has been disqualified from the competition. ¸Ã¶ÓÒѱ»È¡Ïû²ÎÈü×ʸñ. disqualification / dIs9kwClIfI5keIFn; 9dIskwBlEfE`keFEn/ n [C, U]: (a) disqualification for driving while drunk Òò¾Æáá¼ÝÊ»¶ø±»µõÏúÖ´ÕÕ. disquiet / dIs5kwaIEt; dIs`kwaIEt/ n [U] anxiety ÓÇÂÇ; ²»°²: The strength of the dollar is causing considerable disquiet on the Stock Exchange. ÃÀÔª±íÏÖ¼áͦÔÚ֤ȯ½»Ò×ËùÖÐÒýÆðºÜ´óµÄ²»°². disquiet v [Tn usu passive ͨ³£ÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] make (sb) anxious; worry ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©ÓÇÂDz»°²; ʹÖø¼±; ʹµ£ÐÄ: be greatly disquieted by the fall in public support Òò¹«ÖÚÖ§³ÖÂʵÄϽµ¶ø´óΪ²»°². disquieting adj causing disquiet ÁîÈ˲»°²µÄ; ÁîÈËÓÇÂǵÄ: disquieting news ÁîÈ˲»°²µÄÏûÏ¢. disquietingly adv: a disquietingly large number of accidents ʹÊÖ®¶àÁîÈËÓÇÂÇ. disquisition / 9dIskwI5zIFn; 9dIskwE`zIFEn/ n ~ (on sth) long elaborate spoken or written report or account £¨Ï¤ÐÄ×÷³öµÄ£©³¤ÆªÑݽ²»òÂÛÎÄ. disregard / 9dIsrI5gB:d; 9dIsrI`^Brd/ v [Tn] pay no attention to (eg a warning, an objection); treat (sth) as of no importance; ignore ²»Àí»á£¨È羯¸æ¡¢ ·´¶ÔÒâ¼û£©; ²»ÖØÊÓ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ; ºöÊÓ: He completely disregarded my point of view. ËûÍêÈ«²»Àí»áÎҵĹ۵ã. * You can't just disregard the security problem! Äã¿É²»ÄܺöÊÓ°²È«ÎÊÌâ! disregard n [U sing] ~ (for/of sb/sth) lack of attention or care δ¼Ó×¢Òâ»òÁôÐÄ; ºöÊÓ; Ä®ÊÓ: She shows a total disregard for other people and their feelings. ËýÏÔȻ˿ºÁÒ²²»¹Ë¼°±ðÈËÒÔ¼°±ðÈ˵ĸÐÇé. * fire-fighters working with a complete disregard of their own safety ·Ü²»¹ËÉíµÄÏû·À¶ÓÔ±. disrepair / 9dIsrI5peE(r); 9dIsrI`pZr/ n [U] bad condition caused by lack of repairs ʧÐÞ; ÆÆËð: be in/fall into (a state of) disrepair ÐèÒªÐÞÀí. disreputable / dIs5repjUtEbl; dIs`rZpjEtEbl/ adj (a) having a bad reputation ÃûÉù²»ºÃµÄ; ²»¹â²ÊµÄ: Soho is one of London's more disreputable areas. Ë÷»ôÇøÊÇÂ׶ØÃûÉù½Ï²îµÄ½ÖÇø. (b) not respectable or looking respectable²»ÌåÃæµÄ; ²»ÑŹ۵Ä: a disreputable suit, manner, appearanceÓÐʧÌåÃæµÄ·þ×°¡¢ ¾ÙÖ¹¡¢ Íâ±í * I've been accused of using disreputable methods to get what I want. ÎÒ±»Ö¸¿Ø²ÉÈ¡²»Õýµ±µÄÊÖ¶ÎÒÔıȡ˽Àû. disreputably /-EblI; -EblI/ adv. disrepute / 9dIsrI5pju:t; 9dIsrI`pjut/ n [U] state of having a bad reputation ÃûÉù²»ºÃ; ²»¹â²Ê: The use of drugs is bringing the sport into disrepute. ÒòÓÐÈË·þʳ½ûÒ©, ÕâÏîÔ˶¯ÃÉÊÜÁ˳ÜÈè. * Since the scandal, the school has rather fallen into disrepute. ×Ô´Ó·¢ÉúÁËÕâ¼þ³óÎÅ, ¸ÃУÃûÉù´óΪϽµ. disrespect / 9dIsrI5spekt; 9dIsrI`spZkt/ n [U] ~ (to/towards sb/sth) lack of respect; rudeness ²»×ð¾´; ÎÞÀñ: He meant no disrespect by that remark, ie did not mean to be rude. ËûµÄ»°²¢ÎÞ²»¾´Ö®Òâ. * No disrespect (to you), but I think you are wrong. ÎÒ£¨¶ÔÄ㣩ûÓбðµÄÒâ˼, Ö»²»¹ýÈÏΪÄã´íÁË. disrespectful / -fl; -fEl/ adj ~ (to/towards sb/sth) showing disrespect ÎÞÀñµÄ; ²»×ð¾´µÄ: We often criticize the Government, but we're never disrespectful towards the Royal Family. ÎÒÃǾ­³£Åê»÷Õþ¸®, µ«¶Ô»ÊÊÒ´ÓÎÞ²»¾´Ö®Òâ. disrespectfully / -fElI; -fElI/ adv. disrobe / dIs5rEUb; dIs`rob/ v [I] (a) (fml or joc ÎÄ»òÚÊ) undress ÍÑÒ·þ. (b) take official or ceremonial robes off ÍÑÈ¥ÖÆ·þ»òÀñ·þ: The Queen disrobed after the ceremony. Å®ÍõÔÚÒÇʽ¹ýááÍÑÈ¥ÁËÍõÅÛ. disrupt / dIs5rQpt; dIs`rQpt/ v [Tn] cause disorder in (sth) ½«£¨Ä³ÊÂÎŪÂÒ; ÈÅÂÒ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ: Demonstrators succeeded in disrupting the meeting. ʾÍþÕßÈÅÂÒÁË»áÒé. * Fog disrupted traffic. ´óÎíʹ½»Í¨ÏÝ춻ìÂÒ. disruption / dIs5rQpFn; dIs`rQpFEn/ n [C, U]: violent disruption caused by rioters ±©Í½ÃÇÔì³ÉµÄ´ó¶¯ÂÒ * disruptions of our production schedule ÎÒÃǵÄÉú²ú¼Æ»®Ö®±»´òÂÒ. disruptive / dIs5rQptIv; dIs`rQptIv/ adj causing disruption ÖÆÔì»ìÂÒµÄ: A few disruptive students can easily ruin a class. Ö»ÒªÓм¸¸ö°®µ·ÂÒµÄѧÉú, ¾ÍÄÜ°ÑÈ«°à½ÁÂÒ. disruptively adv: act, behave, etc disruptively ´æÐĵ·ÂÒ. dissatisfaction / 9dI9sAtIs5fAkFn; 9dIssAtIs`fAkFEn/ n [U] ~ (with sb/sth); ~ (at doing sth) lack of satisfaction ²»ÂúÒâ; ²»Âú×ã: Letters from viewers express their dissatisfaction with current programmes. µçÊÓ¹ÛÖÚÀ´Ðűíʾ¶Ôµ±Ç°½ÚÄ¿²»Âú. * MPs voice public dissatisfaction at having to pay higher taxes. ÏÂÒéÔºÒéÔ±µÀ³öÁ˹«ÖÚ¶ÔÔö¼ÓË°ÊյIJ»Âú. dissatisfied / dI5sAtIsfaId; dIs`sAtIs9faId/ adj ~ (with sb/sth); ~ (at doing sth) not satisfied; discontented ²»ÂúÒâµÄ; ²»Âú×ãµÄ: a dissatisfied customer ¸Ðµ½²»ÂúÒâµÄ¹Ë¿Í * I'm thoroughly dissatisfied with your work. ÎÒÍêÈ«²»ÂúÒâÄãµÄ¹¤×÷. * She's very dissatisfied at not getting a bonus. ËýÒòδÄÜ»ñµÃ½±½ð¶øÉîΪ²»Âú. dissect / dI5sekt; dI`sZkt/ v [Tn] 1 cut up (a dead body, a plant, etc) in order to study its structure ½âÆÊ£¨¶¯Ö²ÎïµÈ£©. 2 (fig ±ÈÓ÷) examine (a theory, an event, etc) in great detail ÆÊÎö£¨ÀíÂÛ¡¢ ʼþµÈ£©: Commentators are still dissecting the election results. ÆÀÂÛ¼ÒÈÔÔÚÆÊÎö´Ë´ÎÑ¡¾ÙµÄ½á¹û. * The film has been minutely dissected by the critics. Ó°ÆÀ¼Ò¶ÔÕⲿӰƬ×÷ÁËÏêϸµÄ·ÖÎö. dissection / dI5sekFn; dI`sZkFEn/ n [C, U] (instance of) dissecting or being dissected ½âÆÊ; ÆÊÎö: Her first dissection made her change her mind about becoming a doctor. Ëý½øÐÐÁËÊ״νâÆÊáá¾Í¸Ä±äÁËÒªµ±Ò½ÉúµÄÏë·¨. dissemble / dI5sembl; dI`sZmbl/ v [I, Tn] (fml ÎÄ) hide or disguise (one's true thoughts and feelings); dissimulate Ñڸǣ¨ÕæʵµÄ˼Ïë¸ÐÇ飩; ¼Ù×°: dissemble one's intentions, meaning, motives, etc ÑÚ¸Ç×Ô¼ºµÄÒâͼ¡¢ Òâ˼¡¢ ¶¯»úµÈ. dissembler / dI5semblE(r); dI`sZmblL/ n (fml ÎÄ) person who dissembles Òþ²Ø×Ô¼ºÕæʵ˼Ïë¸ÐÇéµÄÈË. disseminate / dI5semIneIt; dI`sZmE9net/ v [Tn] spread (ideas, beliefs, etc) widely É¢²¼, ¹ãΪ´«²¥£¨Ë¼Ïë¡¢ ÐÅÑöµÈ£©: They use the press to disseminate right-wing views. ËûÃÇÀûÓñ¨¿¯À´´«²¥ÓÒÒí¹Ûµã. dissemination / dI9semI5neIFn; dI9sZmE`neFEn/ n [U]. dissension / dI5senFn; dI`sZnFEn/ n [U, C] angry disagreement ÕùÖ´: deal with dissension in the party ´¦Àíµ³ÄÚ¶·Õù * Father's will caused much dissension among his children. ¸¸Ç×µÄÒÅÖöÒýÆðÁË×ÓŮ֮¼äµÄ·×Õù. dissent / dI5sent; dI`sZnt/ n [U] holding opinions which differ from common or officially held ones ³ÖÓÐÒìÒ飨²»Í¬ì¶ÆÕͨµÄ»ò¹Ù·½µÄ¼û½â£©: their public dissent from official party policy ËûÃǶԵ³µÄ¹Ù·½Õþ²ß¹«È»±íʾÒìÒéµÄ¹Ûµã * In those days, religious dissent was not tolerated. ÄÇÄêÍ·²»ÈÝÐí¶Ô×Ú½ÌÐÅÑö³ÖÒìÒé. dissent / dI5sent; dI`sZnt/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (fml ÎÄ) have or express opinions which are opposed to official views, religious teaching, etc ³ÖÒìÒ飨Óë¹Ù·½¹Ûµã¡¢ ×ڽ̽ÌÒåµÈÏà·´µÄ¼û½â£©; ²»Í¬Òâ; ·´¶Ô: I wish to dissent (from the motion). ÎÒ²»Í¬Ò⣨¸Ã¶¯Ò飩. * Those who dissented from Anglican teachings could be heavily fined. ·´¶ÔÓ¢¹ú¹ú½Ì½ÌÒåµÄÈËÔÚ¹ýÈ¥¿ÉÅо޶¿î. dissenter n (a) person who dissents ³ÖÒìÒéÕß; ²»Í¬ÒâÕß; ·´¶ÔÕß. (b) Dissenter Protestant who refuses to accept the doctrines of the Church of England £¨²»ÔÞ³ÉÓ¢¹ú¹ú½Ì½ÌÒåµÄ£©Ð½Ìͽ: Presbyterians and other Dissenters ³¤ÀÏ»á½ÌÓѼ°ÆäËûнÌͽ. dissenting adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï]: a dissenting voice, opinion, vote, etc ·´¶ÔµÄºôÉù¡¢ ÒìÒé¡¢ ·´¶ÔƱ * a dissenting minister, ie in a church that refuses to accept Anglican doctrine ²»ÔÞ³ÉÓ¢¹ú¹ú½Ì½ÌÒåµÄÄÁʦ. Cf ²Î¿´ nonconformist. dissertation / 9dIsE5teIFn; 9dIsL`teFEn/ n [C] ~ (on sth) long essay on a particular subject, esp one written for a doctorate or similar degree; thesis רÌâÂÛÎÄ; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©²©Ê¿Ñ§Î»Ö®ÀàµÄÂÛÎÄ: a dissertation on Arabic dialects ÂÛÊö°¢À­²®Óï·½ÑÔµÄÂÛÎÄ. disservice / dIs5s\:vIs; dIs`s[vIs/ n ~ (to sb/sth) [C, U] harmful or unhelpful action Ëðº¦; Σº¦; É˺¦: She did her cause (a) great disservice by concealing the truth. ËýÒþÂ÷ÁËÕæÏà, Õâ¶ÔËýËù²ÎÓëµÄÊÂÒµ¼«Îª²»Àû. dissident / 5dIsIdEnt; `dIsEdEnt/ n person who strongly disagrees with or opposes official views and policies ³Ö²»Í¬Õþ¼ûÕß: left-wing dissidents ×óÒí³Ö²»Í¬Õþ¼ûÕß * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] dissident groups, writings, opinions ³Ö²»Í¬Õþ¼ûÕßµÄ×éÖ¯¡¢ Öø×÷¡¢ ¹Ûµã. dissidence / 5dIsIdEns;`dIsEdEns/ n [U]. dissimilar / dI5sImIlE(r); dI`sImElL/ adj ~ (from/tosb/sth) not the same; unlike ²»ÏàͬµÄ; ²»ÏàËƵÄ: These wines are not dissimilar, ie quite similar. ÕâЩ¾Æ¶¼²î²»¶à. * Her latest book is quite dissimilar from her previous one. ËýнüдµÄÕâ±¾Êé¸úËýÒÔǰдµÄ½ØÈ»²»Í¬. dissimilarity / 9dIsImI5lArEtI; dI9sImE`lArEtI/ n [C, U]: They correct any dissimilarity between batches of work. ËûÃǸÄÕý¸÷Åú»î¶ù²»Í³Ò»Ö®´¦. dissimilarly adv. dissimulate / dI5sImjUleIt; dI`sImjE9let/ v [I, Tn] (fml ÎÄ) hide or disguise (one's thoughts and feelings); dissemble Òþ²Ø, Ñڸǣ¨Ë¼Ïë¸ÐÇ飩; ¼Ù×°. dissimulation / dI9sImjU5leIFn; dI9sImjE`leFEn/ n [U, C]. dissipate / 5dIsIpeIt; `dIsE9pet/ v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) scatter or vanish £¨Ê¹Ä³ÊÂÎÏûÉ¢, Ïûʧ: The mist quickly dissipated as the sun rose. Ì«ÑôÉýÆðʱÎíºÜ¿ì¾ÍÏûÉ¢ÁË. * Her son's letter dissipated all her fears and anxiety. Ëý¶ù×ÓµÄÀ´ÐÅÏû³ýÁËËýÒ»Çп־åºÍ½¹ÂÇ. 2 [Tn] waste (time, money, etc) foolishly ÀË·Ñ£¨Ê±¼ä¡¢ ½ðÇ®µÈ£©: dissipate one's efforts, energies, fortune ÀË·Ñ×Ô¼ºµÄ¾«Á¦¡¢ ÌåÁ¦¡¢ ²Æ²ú. dissipated adj (derog ±á) given to foolish and harmful pleasures ·Åµ´µÄ; À˵´µÄ: lead a thoroughly dissipated life ¹ý¼«Îª·Åµ´µÄÉú»î. dissipation / 9dIsI5peIFn; 9dIsE`peFEn/ n [U] 1 dissipating or being dissipated ÇýÉ¢; ÏûÉ¢; ÀË·Ñ. 2 dissipated living ·Åµ´µÄÉú»î: Years of dissipation had ruined his health. ¶àÄêµÄ·Åµ´Éú»î»ÙµôÁËËûµÄ½¡¿µ. dissociate / dI5sEUFIeIt; dI`soFI9et/ (also disassociate / 9dIsE5sEUFIeIt; 9dIsE`soFI9Et/) v [Tn.pr] 1 ~ sb/sth from sth separate (people or things) in one's thoughts or feelings £¨ÔÚ˼Ïë»ò¸ÐÇé·½Ã棩½«£¨ÈË»òÊÂÎ·Ö¿ª: dissociate two ideas/one idea from another °ÑÁ½¸ö¸ÅÄî[Ò»¸ö¸ÅÄîÓëÁíÒ»¸ö¸ÅÄî]·Ö¿ª * You cannot dissociate the Government's actions from the policies which underlie them. ²»ÄÜ°ÑÕþ¸®µÄ´ëʩͬ×÷ΪÆä¸ù¾ÝµÄÕþ²ß¸îÁÑ¿ª. 2 ~ oneself from sb/sth say that one does not agree with or support sb/sth ÉùÑÔ²»Ô޳ɻò²»Ö§³ÖijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: I wish to dissociate myself from those views. ÎÒÏë±íÃ÷ÎÒ±¾ÈËÊDz»ÔÞ³ÉÄÇЩ¹ÛµãµÄ. dissociation / dI9sEUsI5eIFn; dI9sosI`eFEn/ (also disassociation) n [U]. dissoluble / dI5sCljUbl; dI`sBljEbl/ adj that can be dissolved ¿ÉÈܽâµÄ: (fig ±ÈÓ÷) Is a marriage dissoluble? ie Can it be ended? »éÔ¼Äܽâ³ýÂð? dissolubility / dI9sCljU5bIlEtI; dI9sBljE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. dissolute / 5dIsElu:t; `dIsE9lut/ adj immoral; dissipated µÀµÂÂÙÉ¥µÄ; ·Åµ´µÄ: lead a dissolute life ¹ý·Åµ´µÄÉú»î * a dissolute and worthless character ÐÐΪ·Åµ´Ò»ÎÞÊÇ´¦µÄÈË. dissolutely adv. dissoluteness n [U]. dissolution / 9dIsE5lu:Fn; 9dIsE`luFEn/ n [C, U] ~ (of sth) breaking up (of sth); dissolving ÆÆÁÑ; Íß½â; ½âÌå; ·Ö½â; Èܽâ: the dissolution of a marriage, a business partnership, the Roman Empire »éÒö¹ØϵµÄ½â³ý¡¢ ÉÌÒµºÏ»ï¹ØϵµÄÖÕÖ¹¡¢ ÂÞÂíµÛ¹úµÄ½âÌå * the dissolution of Parliament, ie the ending of the current session by the monarch before a general election Òé»áµÄ½âÉ¢£¨ÆÕÑ¡Ç°¾ýÖ÷½âÉ¢±¾½ìÒé»á£©. dissolution / 9dIsE5lu:Fn; 9dIsE`luFEn/ n [C, U] ~ (of sth) breaking up (of sth); dissolving ÆÆÁÑ; Íß½â; ½âÌå; ·Ö½â; Èܽâ: the dissolution of a marriage, a business partnership, the Roman Empire »éÒö¹ØϵµÄ½â³ý¡¢ ÉÌÒµºÏ»ï¹ØϵµÄÖÕÖ¹¡¢ ÂÞÂíµÛ¹úµÄ½âÌå * the dissolution of Parliament, ie the ending of the current session by the monarch before a general election Òé»áµÄ½âÉ¢£¨ÆÕÑ¡Ç°¾ýÖ÷½âÉ¢±¾½ìÒé»á£©. dissolve / dI5zClv; dI`zBlv/ v 1 (a) [Tn] (of a liquid) make (a solid) become liquid £¨Ö¸ÒºÌ壩ʹ£¨¹ÌÌ壩Èܽâ: Water dissolves salt. Ë®ÄÜÈܽâÑÎ. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) (of a solid) become part of a liquid £¨Ö¸¹ÌÌ壩Èܽâ: Salt dissolves in water. ÑÎÔÚË®ÖÐÈܽâ. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) cause (a solid) to dissolve ʹ£¨¹ÌÌ壩Èܽâ: Dissolve the salt in water. ʹÑÎÔÚË®ÖÐÈܽâ. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (away) remove or destroy (sth solid, esp dirt) ³ýÈ¥, Ïû³ý£¨Ä³¹ÌÌåÎïÖÊ, ÓÈÖ¸ÔàÎ: The cream dissolves facial hair. ÕâÖÖ»¯×±Æ·ÄÜÇå³ýÁ³Éϵĺ¹Ã«. * a powder that dissolves stains away Ïû³ýÉ«°ßµÄ·Û¼Á. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) disappear; fade away Ïûʧ; ÏûÉ¢: All his hopes dissolved at the terrible news. ÄǸö¼«»µµÄÏûϢʹËûµÄÒ»ÇÐÏ£Íû¶¼ÆÆÃðÁË. * The view dissolved in mist. ÄǾ°É«ÔÚÎíÖÐÏûʧÁË. 4 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) come to an end £¨Ê¹Ä³ÊÂÎÖÕÖ¹, ½áÊø, ½â³ý, ½âÉ¢: Parliament dissolves tomorrow. Òé»á¶¨ì¶Ã÷ÈÕ½âÉ¢. * dissolve a business partnership, marriage, society, etc ½áÊøÉÌÒµºÏ»ï¹Øϵ¡¢ ½â³ý»éÒö¹Øϵ¡¢ ½âÉ¢»áÉç. 5 [Ipr] ~ in sth give way to emotion Çé²»×Ô½û: dissolve in tears/laughter/giggles ²»½ûäúÈ»ÀáÏÂ[¹þ¹þ´óЦ/¿©¿©µØЦ]. dissonance / 5dIsEnEns; `dIsEnEns/ n 1 [U] discord ²»ºÍг; ²»Ò»ÖÂ. 2 [C] (music Òô) combination of notes that is discordant ²»Ð­ºÍÒô. dissonant / 5dIsEnEnt; `dIsEnEnt/ adj not harmonious; discordant ²»ºÍгµÄ; ²»Ò»ÖµÄ. dissonantly adv. dissuade / dI5sweId; dI`swed/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth/doing sth) (try to) stop sb by advice or persuasion £¨Æóͼ£©È°×èijÈË: The police managed to dissuade him from jumping off the building. ¾¯·½ÒÑÉ跨ȰËû²»Òª´Ó´óÂ¥ÉÏÌøÏÂÀ´. dissuasion / dI5sweIVn; dI`sweVEn/ n [U]. dissuasive / dI5sweIsIv; dI`swesIv/ adj dissuading È°×èµÄ. distaff / 5dIstB:f; ?@ 5dIstAf; `dIstAf/ n 1 stick holding wool, flax, etc for spinning by hand £¨ÊÖ¹¤µÄ£©·ÄÉ´¸Ë. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) on the distaff side on the mother's side of the family ĸϵµÄ. distance / 5dIstEns; `dIstEns/ n 1 [C, U] (amount of) space between two points or places ¾àÀë; ¼ä¾à: A good cyclist can cover distances of over a hundred miles a day. ×ÔÐгµÆïµÃºÃµÄÈËÒ»Ìì¿ÉÒÔÐÐʻһ°Ù¶àÓ¢Àï. * It's a great/some/no distance from here, ie very/fairly/not far away. Àë´Ë´¦ºÜ[Ï൱/²»]Ô¶. * a short, long, great, etc distance ¶ÌµÄ¡¢ ³¤µÄ¡¢ ºÜ´óµÄ...¾àÀë * In the USA distance is measured in miles, not kilometres. ÔÚÃÀ¹ú, ²âÁ¿¾àÀëÓÃÓ¢Àï, ²»Óù«Àï. * The beach is within walking distance of my house, ie near enough to be reached easily on foot. º£Ì²ÀëÎÒ¼Ò²»Ô¶, ×ß¼¸²½¾Íµ½ÁË. * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) at a distance of fifty years ʱ¸ôÎåÊ®Äê. =>App 4 ¼û¸½Â¼4. 2 [C, U] distant place or point Ô¶´¦; Ô¶·½: At a distance of six miles you can't see much. ¾àÀëÁùÓ¢ÀïÒÔÍâµÄ¶«Î÷ºÜÄÑ¿´Çå. * He won't hit the target at that distance. Ëû´ò²»ÖÐÄÇÑùÔ¶µÄÄ¿±êµÄ. 3 [U] being separated in space or by time £¨¿Õ¼ä»òʱ¼äµÄ£©Ïà¾à: Distance is no problem with modern telecommunications. ÔÚµçÐÅ·¢´ïµÄ½ñÌì, Ïà¾àÒ£Ô¶ÒѲ»ÔÙÊÇʲ÷áÎÊÌâÁË. 4 [U] coldness or remoteness in personal relationships £¨È˼ʹØϵµÄ£©Àäµ­, ÊèÔ¶: Is his distance a result of snobbery or shyness? Ëû̬¶ÈÀäµ­ÊÇÒòΪËûÊÆÀûÑÛÄØ, »¹ÊÇÒòΪËû¡¡Ìó? 5 (idm Ï°Óï) go the `distance (esp in sports) continue to run, fight, etc until the end of a contest £¨ÓÈÖ¸Ô˶¯£©¼ÌÐøÅÜÍêÈ«³Ì¡¢ Èü×ãÈ«¾ÖµÈ: Nobody thought he'd last 15 rounds, but he went the full distance. ûÓÐÈËÈÏΪËû»á¼á³Ö15¸ö»ØºÏ, È»¶øËûÖÕ춴òÂúÁËÈ«¾Ö. * You need perseverance to win in politics and I doubt if he can go the distance. ÔÚÕþÖÎÉÏ, ÐèҪʸ־²»ÒƲÅÄÜȡʤ, ÎÒ»³ÒÉËûÄÜ·ñ¼á³Öµ½µ×. in the `distance far away ÔÚÔ¶´¦; ÔÚÔ¶·½. keep one's `distance (from sb/sth) (a) not get too close (to sb/sth) £¨ÓëijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©±£³ÖÒ»¶¨¾àÀë: I would keep my distance from that dog, if I were you! ÎÒÒªÊÇÄã, ¾ÍÀëÄÇÌõ¹·Ô¶Ò»µã! (b) not become friendly or familiar (with a person, cause, etc) £¨¶ÔÈË¡¢ ÊÂÒµµÈ£©Àäµ­, ÊèÔ¶: He was asked many times to join the party, but he always kept his distance. È˼Һü¸´ÎÒªËû²Î¼ÓÄǸöÕþµ³, µ«ËûµÄ·´Ó¦×ÜÊǺÜÀäµ­. keep sb at a `distance refuse to let sb become familiar or friendly ÓëijÈ˱£³ÖÒ»¶¨¾àÀë; ²»Ô¸ÓëijÈËÇ×½ü. Cf ²Î¿´ the near distance (near1), the middle distance (middle). distance / 5dIstEns; `dIstEns/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sb/sth) make sb less friendly or warm towards sb/sth ʹijÈËÓëijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]±£³Ö¾àÀë¡¢ ¹ØϵÊèÔ¶»òÀäµ­: That stupid quarrel has distanced us. ÄÇÒ»³¡ÎÞν µÄÕù³³Ê¹ÎÒÃǵĹØϵÊèÔ¶ÁË. * Voters have been distanced from the party by adverse publicity. Ñ¡ÃñÊܵ½·´ÃæÐû´«µÄÓ°Ïì, ¶ÔÕâ¸öÕþµ³Àäµ­ÁË. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself from sb/sth not approve of or become involved with sb/sth ÓëijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]±£³Ö¾àÀë; ¶ÔijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]³Ö²»ÔÞͬ»ò²»½éÈëµÄ̬¶È: She needs to distance herself from some of her more extreme supporters. Ëý±ØÐëÓëÓµ»¤ËýµÄÄÇЩ±È½ÏÆ«¼¤µÄÈ˱£³ÖÒ»¶¨µÄ¾àÀë. distant / 5dIstEnt; `dIstEnt/ adj 1 (sometimes used with measurements ÓÐʱÓë²âÁ¿µ¥Î»Á¬ÓÃ) far away in space or time £¨¿Õ¼ä»òʱ¼ä£©Ô¶¸ôµÄ, Ò£Ô¶µÄ: a distant land, cry, flash of light Ò£Ô¶µÄµØ·½¡¢ Ô¶´¦µÄ½ÐÉù¡¢ Ô¶´¦µÄÉÁ¹â * the distant horizon, past Ò£Ô¶µÄÌì¼Ê¡¢ ¹ýÈ¥ * The airport is about ten miles distant from the city. »ú³¡¾àÀë³ÇÊдóԼʮӢÀïÔ¶. 2 (a) [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] (of people) not closely related £¨Ö¸ÈË£©Ô¶Ç×µÄ: She is a distant cousin of mine. ËýÊÇÎÒµÄÔ¶·¿±íÃÃ. (b) (of a connection, similarity, etc) not very strong or clear £¨Ö¸Áª½á¡¢ ÏàËÆÐԵȣ©²»Ì«Ç¿µÄ, ²»Ã÷ÏÔµÄ: There is a distant connection between the two theories. ÕâÁ½ÖÖѧ˵֮¼äûÓÐʲ÷á¹ØÁª. 3 not very friendly; reserved ²»Ì«ÓѺõÄ; ²»Ì«ÈÈÇéµÄ; ÀäÄ®µÄ: a distant nod, attitude, greeting, manner ²»Ì«ÈÈÇéµÄµãÍ·¡¢ ̬¶È¡¢ Õкô¡¢ ¾ÙÖ¹. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) dim and distant => dim. distantly adv: We're distantly related. ÎÒÃÇÊÇÔ¶Ç×. * His style distantly resembles that of Wilde. ËûµÄÎÄ·çÓëÍõ¶ûµÂÂÔ΢ÓÐЩÏàËÆ. * She smiled distantly at us. Ëý³¯ÎÒÃǵ­È»µØ΢Ц. distaste / dIs5teIst; dIs`test/ n [U sing] ~ (for sb/sth) dislike; aversion ²»Ï²»¶; Ñá¶ñ: turn away in distaste Ñá¶ñµØ×ß¿ª * a distaste for violent sports ²»Ï²»¶¾çÁÒµÄÔ˶¯. distasteful / dIs5teIstfl; dIs`testfEl/ adj ~ (to sb) unpleasant; disagreeable ʹÈ˲»Óä¿ìµÄ; ²»ºÏÒâµÄ; ÌÖÑáµÄ: distasteful behaviour ÌÖÑáµÄÐÐΪ * a distasteful incident ʹÈ˲»Óä¿ìµÄʶù * Even the thought of her was distasteful to him. Ëû¼´Ê¹Ò»ÏëÆðËýÀ´, ¶¼¸Ðµ½¶ñÐÄ. distastefully / -fElI; -fElI/ adv. distastefulness / dIs5teIstfElnIs; dIs`testfElnIs/ n [U]. distemper / dI5stempE(r); dIs`tZmpL/ n [U] (Brit) (old method of painting with) colouring matter mixed with water and brushed on walls, etc ˢǽˮ·Û; ÓÃˢǽˮ·ÛÍ¿Ë¢µÄÒ»Ö־ɷ½·¨. distemper v [Tn, Cn.a] paint (sth) with distemper ÓÃˢǽˮ·ÛÍ¿Ë¢£¨Ä³Î: distemper the walls green ÓÃˢǽˮ·Û°Ñǽ±ÚË¢³ÉÂÌÉ«. distemper / dI5stempE(r); dIs`tZmpL/ n [U] disease of dogs and some other animals, with coughing and weakness ÎÂÈÈ£¨¹·ºÍÆäËû¶¯ÎïµÄ¼²²¡£©. distend / dI5stend; dI`stZnd/ v [I, Tn] (fml ÎÄ) (cause sth to) swell by means of pressure from inside £¨Ê¹Ä³ÎÅòÕÍ: a distended intestine, stomach, vein, etc ÅòÕ͵ij¦¡¢ θ¡¢ ¾²ÂöµÈ. distension (US distention) / dI5stenFn; dI`stZnFEn/ n [U] swelling or being swollen ÅòÕÍ; ÕÍ´ó. distil (US distill) / dI5stIl; dI`stIl/ v (-ll-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (a) turn (a liquid) to vapour by heating, then collect the drops of liquid that condense from the vapour when cooled ÕôÁó: distil fresh water from sea-water ÓÃÕôÁó·¨´Óº£Ë®ÖÐÖÆÈ¡µ­Ë®. (b) make (spirits or essences) in this way ÓÃÕôÁó·¨ÖÆ£¨¾Æ»òÏ㾫£©: The Scots have distilled whisky for centuries. ËÕ¸ñÀ¼ÈËÓÃÕôÁó·¨ÖÆÍþÊ¿¼É¾ÆÒÑÓÐÊý°ÙÄêÀúÊ·. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) draw or derive sth (from sth) ÎüÈ¡»òÌáȡijÊÂÎï: useful advice distilled from a lifetime's experience ´ÓÒ»ÉúµÄ¾­ÀúÖеóöµÄÓÐÒæµÄ½Ìѵ. 3 (phr v) distil sth off/out purify (a liquid) by turning it to vapour, etc ÓÃÕôÁ󷨶ԣ¨ÒºÌ壩Ìá´¿: Sea-water can be made drinkable by distilling out the salt. ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÕôÁ󷨳ýÈ¥º£Ë®ÖеÄÑηÖÒÔÖÆÈ¡ÒûÓÃË®. distillation / 9dIstI5leiFn; 9dIstE`leFEn/ n 1 [C, U] (substance made by) distilling ÕôÁó; Áó³öÒº; Áó³öÎï. 2 [C, U] reduction; essence ÕªÒª; ¾«»ª: This book offers a distillation of Wittgenstein's thought in a mere fifty pages. Õâ±¾ÊéÔÚ²»¹ýÎåʮҳµÄƪ·ùÀïÏòÈËÃÇÌṩÁËάÌظù˹̹˼ÏëµÄ¾«Ëè. distiller / dI5stIlE(r); dI`stIlL/ n person or company that distils (esp whisky, etc) ²ÉÓÃÕôÁ󷨣¨ÓÈÖ¸ÖÆÍþÊ¿¼É¾ÆµÈ£©µÄÒµÕß»ò¹«Ë¾; Äð¾ÆÕß; Äð¾Æ³§ distillery / dI5stIlErI; dI`stIlErI/ n place where gin, whisky, etc are distilled £¨ÖÆÔì¶ÅËÉ×Ӿơ¢ ÍþÊ¿¼É¾ÆµÈµÄ£©ÕôÁóËù, ÖƾƳ§. Cf ²Î¿´ brewery (brew). distinct / dI5stINkt; dI`stINkt/ adj 1 easily heard, seen, felt or understood; definite Çå³þµÄ; ÇåÎúµÄ; Ã÷ÏÔµÄ; Ã÷°×µÄ; Ã÷È·µÄ: The footprints are quite distinct; they must be fresh. ×ã¼£ÇåÎúÒ×±æ, Ò»¶¨ÊDz»¾ÃÇ°ÁôÏÂÀ´µÄ. * I had the distinct impression that I was being watched. ÎÒºÜÃ÷ÏԵظоõµ½ÓÐÈËÔÚ¼àÊÓÎÒ. * There was a distinct sense of embarrassment in the air. ÖÜΧµÄÆø·ÕÖÐÓÐÒ»ÖÖÃ÷ÏԵľִٲ»°²µÄ¸Ð¾õ. 2 ~ (from sth) different in kind; separate ÖÖÀ಻ͬµÄ; ·Ö¿ªµÄ: Although they look similar, these plants are actually quite distinct. ¾¡¹ÜÕâЩֲÎï¿´ÆðÀ´ºÜÏàËÆ, ʵ¼ÊÉÏÈ´Êôì¶ÍêÈ«²»Í¬µÄÖÖÀà. * Mozart's style is quite distinct from Haydn's. ĪÔúÌØÔÚ·ç¸ñÉÏÓ뺣¶Ù½ØÈ»²»Í¬. * Astronomy, as distinct from astrology, is an exact science. ÌìÎÄѧÊÇÒ»ÃÅÑϽ÷µÄ¿Æѧ, ÓëÕ¼ÐÇÊõÍêÈ«²»Í¬. distinctly adv in a distinct manner; clearly Çå³þµØ; Ã÷ÏÔµØ: But I distinctly remember you promising to phone me! ¿ÉÎҼǵÃÇåÇå³þ³þÄãÊÇ´ðÓ¦ÁËÒª¸øÎÒ´òµç»°! distinctness n [U]. distinction / dI5stINkFn; dI`stINkFEn/ n 1 [C, U] ~ (between A and B ) difference or contrast between one person or thing and another ²î±ð; ¶Ô±È: He drew a quite artificial distinction between men and women readers. Ëû°ÑÄжÁÕߺÍÅ®¶ÁÕßÓ²ÊÇÈËΪµØÇø·Ö¿ªÀ´. * I don't understand your distinction: surely all painting is art? ÎÒ²»Ã÷°×ÄãΪʲ÷áÒªÓÐËùÇø·Ö, ËùÓеĻ滭²»¶¼ÊÇÒÕÊõÂð? 2 (fml ÎÄ) (a) [U] separation of things or people into different groups according to quality, grade, etc £¨ÊÂÎï»òÈË°´ÆäÖÊÁ¿¡¢ Æ·ÖÊ¡¢ µÈ¼¶µÈµÄ£©Çø·Ö: without distinction (ie regardless) of rank ²»·Ö¼¶±ð. (b) [C] detail that separates in this way £¨°´´Ë·½Ê½»®·ÖµÄ£©Àà±ð, µÈ¼¶: distinctions of birth and wealth °´³öÉíºÍ²Æ¸»»®·ÖµÄÀà±ð. 3 [C] mark of honour; title, decoration, etc ÈÙÓþµÄ±êÖ¾; ÈÙÏΡ¢ Ñ«ÕµÈ: an academic distinction, eg a doctor's degree ѧÊõÉϵÄÈÙÏΣ¨È粩ʿѧ룩 * win a distinction for bravery Òò±íÏÖÓ¢Ó¶ø»ñµÃÑ«ÕÂ. 4 [U] quality of being excellent or distinguished ÓÅÐã; ׿Խ: a writer, novel, work of distinction ÓÅÐãµÄ×÷¼Ò¡¢ С˵¡¢ ×÷Æ· * She had the distinction of being the first woman to swim the Channel. Ëý׿¶û²»Èº, ÒòΪËýÊǵÚÒ»¸öºá¶ÉÓ¢¼ªÀûº£Ï¿µÄÅ®×Ó. distinctive / dI5stINktIv; dI`stINktIv/ adj ~ (of sth) that distinguishes sth by making it different from others ÌرðµÄ; ÓÐÌØÉ«µÄ: a distinctive appearance, style, smell ÌØÊâµÄÍâ±í¡¢ ·ç¸ñ¡¢ Æøζ * Long complex sentences are distinctive of Henry James's later style. ºàÀû¡¤Õ²Ä·Ë¹ÍíÆÚ×÷Æ·µÄ·ç¸ñÌØÉ«ÊÇÉó¤Ê¹Ó󤸴ºÏ¾ä. distinctively adv: distinctively coloured ÓÐÌØÊâÉ«²ÊµÄ. distinctiveness n [U]. distinguish / dI5stINgwIF; dI`stIN^wIF/ v 1 [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (between) A and B; ~ A from B recognize the difference between (people or things) Çø±ð, ±æ±ð£¨ÈË»òÊÂÎ: People who cannot distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind. ²»Äܱæ±ðÑÕÉ«µÄÈ˳ÆΪɫä. * The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other. Õâ¶ÔÂÏÉú¶ù³¤µÃºÜÏñ, ÎÞÈËÄÜ·Ö±æ³öË­ÊÇË­. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (from B) (a) show the difference between (one person or thing and another) ÏÔʾ£¨Á½Õߣ©Ö®¼äµÄ²î±ð: The male is distinguished (from the female) by its red beak. ÓÉ๲¿ÎªºìÉ«ÕâÒ»Ìصã¿ÉÒÔ±æÈϳöÆäΪÐÛÐÔ£¨ÒÔÇø±ð춴ÆÐÔ£©. (b) be a characteristic mark or property of sb/sth; make sb/sth different ΪijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]Ö®ÌØáç»òÌØÐÔ; ʹijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]ÓÐËù²»Í¬: Speech distinguishes human beings from the animals. ʹÓÃÑÔÓïÊÇÈËÀàÓбð춶¯ÎïµÄÌØáç. 3 [Tn] manage to see, hear, etc (sth) ¿´Çå¡¢ ÌýÇå...£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ: distinguish distant objects, a shape in the mist, a whispered conversation ±æ±ð³öÔ¶´¦µÄÎïÌå¡¢ ÎíÖеÄëüëÊÐÎÏó¡¢ ÇÔÇÔ˽ÓïÉù. 4 [Tn] ~ oneself deserve to be noticed by doing sth very well £¨ÒòÉÆì¶×öijÊ£©ÊÜÈËעĿ, ³öÃû: She distinguished herself by her coolness and bravery. ËýÒòÍ·ÄÔÀä¾²¡¢ ¸Ò×÷¸ÒΪ¶øΪÈ˳ƵÀ. distinguishable / dI5stINgwIFEbl; dI`stIN^wIFEbl/ adj [usu pred ͨ³£×÷±íÓï] ~ (from sb/sth): The coast was barely distinguishable in the mist. ÔÚÎíÖкÜÄÑ¿´Ç庣°¶. * Vipers are distinguishable from other snakes by their markings. ¸ù¾ÝÉßÉíÉϵİßÎƾÍÄÜ°ÑòóÉßͬÆäËûÉßÀàÇø±ð¿ªÀ´. distinguished adj 1 dignified in appearance or manner £¨Íâ±í»ò¾ÙÖ¹ÉÏ£©ÓÐ×ðÑϵÄ, ¸ß¹óµÄ: I think grey hair makes you look rather distinguished. ÎÒ¾õµÃÄã»Ò°×µÄÍ··¢Ê¹Äã¿´ÉÏÈ¥ºÜÓÐ×ðÑÏ. 2 showing remarkable qualities ׿ԽµÄ; ½Ü³öµÄ: a distinguished career ·Ç·²µÄÊÂÒµ * She is a distinguished novelist and philosopher. ËýÊÇÒ»¸ö½Ü³öµÄС˵¼ÒºÍÕÜѧ¼Ò. distort / dI5stR:t; dIs`tRrt/ v [Tn] 1 pull or twist (sth) out of its usual shape ʹ£¨Ä³Î±äÐÎ; ŤÇú, ŪÍᣨijÎ: a heap of distorted metal Ò»¶Ñ±äÁËÐεĽðÊô¶«Î÷ * a face distorted by pain ÒòÌÛÍ´¶øŤÇúµÄÁ³. 2 make (sth) look or sound unnatural ʹ£¨Ä³ÎʧÕæ: a distorting mirror, ie one which makes people look long and thin, short and fat, etc ¹þ¹þ¾µ * The announcement was so distorted that I couldn't understand what was said. ͨ¸æ²¥³öµÄÉùÒôÑÏÖØʧÕæ, ÎÒÌý²»¶®ËµµÄÊÇʲ÷á. 3 give a false account of (sth); misrepresent ÍáÇú£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ; Çú½â: distort sb's words, motives, point of view, etc ÍáÇúijÈ˵ÄÑÔÓï¡¢ ¶¯»ú¡¢ ¹ÛµãµÈ * The Government were accused of having systematically distorted the protesters' case. Õþ¸®Óмƻ®µØÍáÇú¿¹ÒéÕߵĹ۵ã¶øÊܵ½·ÇÄÑ. distortion / dI5stR:Fn; dIs`tRrFEn/ n [C, U] (instance of) distorting or being distorted ±äÐÎ; ŤÇú; ÍáÇú; Çú½â: a distortion of the facts ¶ÔÊÂʵµÄÍáÇú. distract / dI5strAkt; dI`strAkt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) stop sb concentrating on sth ʹijÈË·ÖÐÄ; ·ÖÉ¢»òÈÅÂÒijÈ˵Ä×¢ÒâÁ¦: Children are so easily distracted. ¶ùͯµÄ×¢ÒâÁ¦ºÜ²»ÈÝÒ×¼¯ÖÐ. * Don't distract my attention I'm trying to study! ±ð·ÖÉ¢ÎÒµÄ×¢ÒâÁ¦--ÎÒÕýҪѧϰÄØ! * The film managed to distract me from these problems for a while. ÕⲿӰƬ·ÖÉ¢ÁËÎÒµÄ×¢ÒâÁ¦, ÈÃÎÒÔÝʱÍü¼ÇÁËÕâЩÄÑÌâ. distracted adj ~ (with/by sth) unable to concentrate properly, esp because of one's strong feelings ¾«Éñ²»Äܼ¯Öеģ¨ÓÈÖ¸Òò¼¤¶¯£©: distracted with joy, fear, sorrow, anxiety, etc Òò¸ßÐË¡¢ ¿Ö¾å¡¢ ±¯ÉË¡¢ ÓÇÂǵȶø¾«Éñ²»Äܼ¯ÖÐ. distractedly adv: He paced up and down distractedly. ËûÐÄ·³ÒâÂÒµØõâÀ´õâÈ¥. distracting adj: a very distracting noise ºÜ·ÖÉ¢×¢ÒâÁ¦µÄàÐÔÓÉù. distractingly adv. distraction / dI5strAkFn; dI`strAkFEn/ n 1 [U] distracting or being distracted ×¢ÒâÁ¦·ÖÉ¢; ¾«Éñ²»¼¯ÖÐ. 2 [C] noise, sight, etc that distracts the attention and prevents concentration ʹÈË·ÖÐĵÄÊÂÎÈçÔëÉù¡¢ ¾°ÏóµÈ£©: He found the noise of the photographers a distraction. Ëû¾õµÃÉãӰʦÃǵÄàÐÔÓÉù·ÖÉ¢ÁËËûµÄ×¢ÒâÁ¦. 3 [C] thing or event that amuses or entertains ÓéÀÖ; ÏûDz: TV can be a welcome distraction after a hard day's work. ÐÁ¿àÒ»ÌìÖ®áá, ¿´¿´µçÊÓÓÐʱËãÊǺÜÃÀµÄÏûDz. 4 [U] state of mental distress £¨¾«ÉñÉϵģ©Í´¿à; ÐÄ·³ÒâÂÒ. 5 (idm Ï°Óï) to di`straction almost to a state of madness ¼¸ºõµ½ÁË·è¿ñµÄµØ²½: He loves her to distraction. Ëû°®Ëý°®µÃ·¢¿ñ. * You'll drive me to distraction with your silly questions! ÄãµÄÄÇЩɵÎÊÌâ¼òÖ±ÒªÎÒµÄÃü! distrain / dI5streIn; dI`stren/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (upon sb/sth) (law ÂÉ) seize a person's property or belongings to force him to pay what he owes (esp rent) ¿ÛѺijÈËÖ®²ÆÎÒÔÆÈʹÆä³¥¸¶Õ®¿î, ÓÈÖ¸×â½ð£©. distraint n [U] act or process of distraining ¿ÛѺ²ÆÎï. distrait / dI5streI; dI`stre/ adj absent-minded; not paying attention ÐIJ»ÔÚÑɵÄ; ²»×¢ÒâµÄ. distraught / dI5strR:t; dI`strRt/ adj very troubled in mind with grief or worry ÐÄ·³ÒâÂÒµÄ; ÓÇÐÄÈç·ÙµÄ. distress / dI5stres; dI`strZs/ n 1 (a) [U, sing] (cause of) great pain, sorrow, suffering, etc ¼«´óµÄÍ´¿à¡¢ ±¯ÉË¡¢ ¿àÄѵȣ¨µÄÔµÓÉ£©: Towards the end of the marathon several runners showed signs of distress. ÂíÀ­ËÉÈü½Ó½üÖÕµãʱ, ÓÐЩ²ÎÈüÕßÏÔ³ö¼«ÄÑÊܵÄÑù×Ó. * Her death was a great distress to all the family. ËýÈ¥ÊÀááÈ«¼ÒÈ˼«Îª±¯Í´. (b) [U] (suffering caused by) lack of money, food, etc ƶÀ§; À§¿à: The Government acted quickly to relieve the widespread distress caused by the earthquake. µØÕðÔì³É¹ã·ºµØÇøµÄÔÖÄÑ, Õþ¸®Ñ¸ËÙ²ÉÈ¡Ðж¯êâ¼ÃÔÖÃñ. 2 [U] state of being in danger or difficulty and requiring help ΣÄÑ; À§¾³: a ship in di`stress ÓöÏյĴ¬ * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a di`stress signal/call/flag ºô¾ÈÐźÅ[Çó¾Èºô½Ð/ÓöÄÑÐźÅÆì]. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) a damsel in distress => damsel. distressful / dI5stresfl; dI`strZsfEl/ adj = distressing. distressfully adv. distress / dI5stres; dI`strZs/ v [Tn usu passive ͨ³£ÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] cause distress to (sb/sth) ¸ø£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©´øÀ´Í´¿à¡¢ ±¯ÉË¡¢ ¿àÄÑ¡¢ ƶÀ§¡¢ À§¿à¡¢ ΣÄѵÈ: I was most distressed to hear the sad news of your father's death. ÎÒÌýµ½Ä㸸Ç×È¥ÊÀµÄجºÄ, Ê®·ÖÄѹý. * Please don't distress yourself, ie don't worry. ÇëÄã²»ÒªÓdzîÁË. distressing (also distressful) adj causing distress ʹÈËÍ´¿àµÄ; ÁîÈË¿àÄÕµÄ: distressing news ʹÈËÄѹýµÄÏûÏ¢ * a distressing sight ÁîÈËÉ˸еÄÇé¾°. distressingly (also distressfully) adv. distribute / dI5strIbju:t; dI`strIbjJt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] 1 ~ sth (to/among sb/sth) separate sth into parts and give a share to each person or thing ·Ö·¢¡¢ ·ÖÅäijÊÂÎï: In a co-operative profits are distributed among the work-force. ÔÚºÏ×÷ÉçÖÐ, ÀûÈóÊÇÔÚÈ«ÌåÀͶ¯ÕßÖнøÐзÖÅäµÄ. * The demonstrators distributed leaflets to passers-by. ʾÍþÕßÏòÐÐÈË·Ö·¢´«µ¥. 2 spread (sth); scatter; place at different parts ʹ£¨Ä³Îɢ¿ª; É¢²¼; ·ÖÉ¢·ÅÖÃ: Baggage loaded onto an aircraft must be evenly distributed. ·É»úÔØÔ˵ÄÐÐÀîÓ¦¾ùÔÈ·ÅÖÃÔÚ¸÷¸ö²¿Î». distribution / 9dIstrI5bju:Fn; 9dIstrE`bjuFEn/ n [C, U] 1 (instance of) giving or being given to each of several people, etc ·Ö·¢; ·ÖÅä; ·ÖËÍ: the distribution of catalogues, forms, prizes, etc Ŀ¼¡¢ ±í¸ñ¡¢ ½±Æ·µÈµÄ·Ö·¢. 2 (instance of the) positioning or allocation of items, features, etc within an area ·Ö²¼: the distribution of schools in this district Õâ¸öÇøÀïµÄѧУ·Ö²¼Çé¿ö * Pines have a very wide distribution. ËÉÊ÷µÄ·Ö²¼ºÜ¹ã. distributor / dI5strIbjUtE(r); dI`strIbjEtL/ n 1 person or thing that distributes, esp an agent who supplies goods to shops in a certain area ·Ö·¢Õß; ·ÖÅäÕß; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©Åú·¢ÉÌ. 2 device that passes electric current to the sparking-plugs in an engine ÅäµçÆ÷; ÅäµçÅÌ. distributive / dI5strIbjUtIv; dI`strIbjEtIv/ adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] 1 concerned with distribution(2) ¹Ø춷ֲ¼µÄ: the distributive trades, eg transport, retailing, etc ¾­ÏúÒµ£¨ÈçÔËËÍ¡¢ ÁãÊ۵ȣ©. 2 (grammar) referring to each individual member of a class ·Ö²¼µÄ; ¸ö±ðµÄ: `Each', `every', `either' and `neither' are distributive pronouns. each every either neither¶¼ÊÇ·Ö²¼´ú´Ê. distributively adv. district / 5dIstrIkt; `dIstrIkt/ n 1 part of a country or town having a particular quality µØÇø; ÇøÓò: mountainous, agricultural, outlying, poor, gloomy districts ɽÇø¡¢ Å©ÒµÇøÓò¡¢ ±ßÔ¶µØÇø¡¢ ƶÇîµØÇø¡¢ ºÚ°µµØÇø * the `Lake District £¨Ó¢¸ñÀ¼Î÷±±²¿µÄ£©ºþÇø. 2 area of a country or town treated as an administrative unit ÐÐÕþÇø: a `postal district ÓÊÕþÇø * rural and urban districts, ie units of local government ÏçÇøºÍÊÐÇø£¨µØ·½ÐÐÕþµ¥Î»£© * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] district `councils ÇøÒé»á. district attorney (US) (abbr Ëõд DA) public prosecutor representing a State or the Federal government in a judicial district £¨´ú±íÖÝÕþ¸®»òÁª°îÕþ¸®ÔÚ¹ÜÇøÄÚÖ´·¨µÄ£©µØ·½¼ì²ì¹Ù. district nurse (Brit dated ¾É) nurse visiting patients in their homes ÇøÓò»¤Ê¿£¨ÔÚÇøÓòÄÚµÇÃÅ·þÎñÕߣ©. distrust / dIs5trQst; dIs`trQst/ n [U, sing] lack of trust; suspicion ²»ÐÅÈÎ; »³ÒÉ: Negotiations between unions and management are made more difficult by mutual distrust. ¹¤»áºÍ×Ê·½Ö®¼äµÄ̸ÅÐÓÉ춻¥²»ÐÅÈζøÓú¼ÓÀ§ÄÑ. * He has a distrust of strangers. Ëû²»ÐÅÈÎÄ°ÉúÈË. distrust v [Tn] have no confidence or belief in (sb/sth) ²»ÐÅÈΣ¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©: He's so suspicious he would distrust his own mother. ËûÕâÈËÒÉÐÄÌ«ÖØ, Á¬×Ô¼ºµÄĸÇ×Ò²²»ÏàÐÅ. distrustful / -fUl; -fEl/ adj having or showing distrust; suspicious ²»ÐÅÈεÄ; ²ÂÒɵÄ. distrustfully / -fElI; -fElI/ adv. disturb / dI5st\:b; dI`st[b/ v [Tn] 1 move (sth) from a settled or usual position or state ½ÁÂÒ, ŪÂÒ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ: Don't disturb the papers on my desk. ±ð°ÑÎÒд×Ǫ̈ÉϵÄÎļþŪÂÒÁË. 2 break the rest, concentration or calm of (sb/sth) ´òÈÅ, ¸ÉÈÅ, ɧÈÅ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©: She opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping child. ËýÇáÇáµØ¿ªÃÅ, ÒÔÃ⾪ÈÅÁË˯ÖøµÄº¢×Ó. * Exam in Progress Do Not Disturb ÕýÔÚ¿¼ÊÔ--ÇëÎð´òÈÅ * No sound disturbed the silence of the evening. Èëҹʱ·Ö, Íòô¥¾ã¼Å. 3 cause (sb) to worry ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©·³ÄÕ»ò²»°²: disturbing developments, reports, symptoms ʹÈ˸е½²»°²µÄÊÂ̬·¢Õ¹¡¢ ±¨µÀ¡¢ Ö¢×´. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) disturb the `peace (law ÂÉ) break the law by making too much noise, quarrelling or fighting publicly, etc ÈÅÂÒÖΰ². disturbed adj (psychology ÐÄ) over-reacting to stress À§ÈÅ: He is emotionally disturbed. ËûÇéÐ÷À§ÈÅ. disturbance / dI5st\:bEns; dIs`t[bEns/ n 1 (a) [U] disturbing or being disturbed ½ÁÂÒ; ŪÂÒ; ´òÈÅ; ¸ÉÈÅ; ɧÈÅ; ·³ÈÅ. (b) [sing] person or thing that disturbs ½øÐÐɧÈŵÄÈË»òÊÂÎï: The teacher told him to leave as he was a disturbance to the other students. ÒòΪËû¸ÉÈÅÁËÆäËûѧÉú, ËùÒÔÀÏʦ½ÐËû³öÈ¥. 2 [C] instance of social unrest; riot Éç»á¶¯ÂÒ; ɧÂÒ: violent disturbances in inner-city areas ·¢ÉúÔÚÊÐÖÐÐÄÇøµÄ¼¤ÁÒɧÂÒ. 3 [U] (psychology ÐÄ) over-reaction to stress ¶ÔѹÁ¦µÄ¹ý¶È·´Ó¦; À§ÈÅ: suffer an emotional disturbance ÇéÐ÷Êܵ½À§ÈÅ. disunion / dIs5ju:nIEn; dIs`junjEn/ n [U] (fml ÎÄ) 1 separating or being separated ·ÖÀë; ·ÖÁÑ. 2 disagreement ·ÖÆç; ²»ºÍ. disunite / 9dIsju:5naIt; 9dIsju`naIt/ v [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) become separate £¨Ê¹Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©·ÖÀë, ·ÖÁÑ. disunity / dIs5ju:nEtI; dIs`junItI/ n [U] lack of unity; disagreement ²»Í³Ò»; ²»Ò»ÖÂ; ²»ºÍ: There should be no disunity within our party. ÎÒÃǵ³ÄÚ²»Ó¦¸Ã´æÓзÖÆç. disuse / dIs5ju:s; dIs`jus/ n [U] state of not being used ²»ÓÃ; ·ÏÆú: rusty from disuse ÒòÆúÖò»ÓöøÉúÐâ * words that have fallen into disuse ·ÏÆú²»ÓõĴÊÓï. disused / dIs5ju:zd; dIs`juzd/ adj no longer used ²»ÔÙʹÓõÄ: a disused railway line Í£Ö¹ÔËÓªµÄÌú·Ïß. disyllable / dI5sIlEbl, daI5sIlEbl; dI`sIlEbl, daI`sIlEbl/ (US dissyllable / 9dIs-; 9dIs-/) n disyllabic word or metrical foot Ë«Òô½Ú´Ê; Ë«Òô½ÚÔϲ½. Cf ²Î¿´ monosyllable. disyllabic / 9dIsI5lAbIk, 9daIsI5lAbIk; 9dIsI`lAbIk,9daIsE`lAbIk/ (US dissyllabic / 9dIs-; 9dIs-/) adj consisting of two syllables Ë«Òô½ÚµÄ. ditch / dItF; dItF/ n 1 narrow channel dug at the edge of a field, road, etc, esp to hold or carry off water £¨Ìï±ß¡¢ ·±ßµÈÍÚ¾òµÄ£©¹µ£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÓÃÒÔÐîË®»òÅÅË®Õߣ©. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) dull as ditch-water => dull. the last ditch => last1. ditch v 1 [I, Tn] land (an aircraft) in the sea in an emergency ʹ£¨·ÉÐÐÆ÷£©ÔÚº£ÉϽô¼±½µÂä; ÆȽµ: A sudden engine failure forced the pilot to ditch (in the Irish Sea). ÓÉ춷¢¶¯»úͻȻ³öÏÖ¹ÊÕÏ, ·ÉÐÐÔ±²»µÃ²»£¨ÔÚ°®¶ûÀ¼º£ÉÏ£©½ô¼±½µÂä. 2 [Tn] (infml ¿Ú) abandon (sb/sth); get rid of Å×Æú£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]£©; °ÚÍÑ: I hear she's ditched her boy-friend, ie stopped seeing him. Ìý˵Ëý°ÑÄÐÅóÓѸø˦ÁË. * When the road became impassable, we had to ditch the car and walk. µÀ·ÎÞ·¨Í¨ÐÐʱ, ÎÒÃÇÖ»ºÃÆú³µ²½ÐÐ. 3 [I] make or repair ditches ÍÚ¹µ; ÐÞ¹µ: hedging and ditching ÖþÀéºÍÍÚ¹µ. dither / 5dITE(r); `dITL/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (about sth) hesitate about what to do; be unable to decide ³ì³ù; ÓÌÔ¥²»¾ö: Stop dithering about which film you want to see or you'll miss them both! µ½µ×¿´ÄÄÒ»²¿Ó°Æ¬, ±ðÔÙÓÌÔ¥ÁË, ²»È»µÄ»°, Á½²¿Ó°Æ¬Ä㶼Ҫµ¢ÎóÁË! dither n 1 [sing] state of dithering ÓÌÔ¥: in a dither ÔÚÓÌÔ¥ÖÐ. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) all of a `dither (infml ¿Ú) very confused and unable to decide ÐÄ»ÅÒâÂÒµÄ; ãȻÎÞ´ëµÄ. have the `dithers (infml ¿Ú) hesitate anxiously ÕÅ»Êʧ´ë. ditto / 5dItEU; `dIto/ n (abbr Ëõд do) (used in lists to avoid repetition ÓÃÔÚ±í¸ñÖÐÒÔ±ÜÃâÖظ´) the same thing again ͬÉÏ; ͬǰ: 1 doz bottles white wine 2.25 a bottle; ditto red 3. Ò»´ò°×ÆÏÌѾÆ, ÿƿ2.25Ó¢°÷; ͬÉÏÊýÁ¿µÄºìÆÏÌѾÆ, ÿƿ3Ó¢°÷. ditto marks marks (") representing ditto used in lists, tables, bills, etc £¨"£©±íʾ£àͬÉÏ£§»ò£àͬǰ£§µÄ·ûºÅ£¨ÓÃ춱í¸ñ¡¢ Ŀ¼¡¢ Çåµ¥µÈÖУ©. ditty / 5dItI; `dItI/ n (often joc ³£×÷Ï·ÚÊÓï) short simple song СÇú; Сµ÷. diuretic / 9daIjU5retIk; 9daIjJ`rZtIk/ n, adj (medical Ò½) (substance) causing an increase in the flow of urine ÀûÄò¼Á; ÀûÄòµÄ: Coffee is a diuretic. ¿§·ÈÊÇÒ»ÖÖÀûÄò¼Á. * a diuretic drug ÀûÄòÒ©. diurnal / daI5\:nl; daI`[nl/ adj 1 (biology Éú) of the daytime; not nocturnal °×ÌìµÄ; °×ÖçµÄ: Unlike most other bats, this species is diurnal. ÕâÖÖòùòðÓë´ó¶àÊýòùòð²»Í¬, ÊÇÔÚÈÕ¼ä»î¶¯µÄ. 2 (astronomy Ìì) occupying one day ÖÜÈÕµÄ: the diurnal movement of the planets ÐÐÐǵÄÖÜÈÕÔËÐÐ. diurnally adv. Div abbr Ëõд = division(3b): Manchester United, League Div 1 Âü³¹Ë¹ÌØÁª¶Ó, ×ãÇòÁªÈü¼××é. divan / dI5vn; ?@ 5daIvn; `daIvAn/ n 1 long low couch without a back or arms £¨ÎÞ¿¿±³ÎÞ·öÊֵģ©³¤É³·¢. 2 (also divan bed) low bed resembling this £¨ÏñÉÏÊöɳ·¢µÄ£©°«´². dive / daIv; daIv/ v (pt, pp dived; US also pt dove/dEUv; dov/) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (from/off sth) (into sth); ~ (off/in) go head first into water £¨Í·ÏÈÈëË®£©ÌøË®: He dived from the bridge to rescue the drowning child. Ëû´ÓÇÅÉÏÌøÈëË®ÖÐÈ¥ÇÀ¾ÈÄÇÄçË®¶ùͯ. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (down) (for sth) (of a submarine, diver, etc) go under water or to a deeper level under water £¨Ö¸Ç±Ë®Í§¡¢ DZˮԱµÈ£©Ç±Ë®: The whale dived as the harpoon struck it. ¾¨Óã±»Óã²æÉäÖÐááDZÈëË®ÖÐ. * dive for pearls DZˮ²ÉÖé. 3 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of an aircraft) go steeply downwards £¨Ö¸·ÉÐÐÆ÷£©¼±¾ç¸©³å. 4 [Ipr] ~ into, under, etc sth move quickly in a specified direction Ïòij·½Ïò³åÈ¥»ò±¼È¥: dive under the bed ºÜ¿ì×êµ½´²µ×Ï * When the rain started, we dived into a cafe. ÓêÏÂÁËÆðÀ´, ÎÒÃÇÁ¢¼´ÅܽøÁËÒ»¼ÒС²Í¹Ý. 5 (phr v) dive for sth move quickly towards or in search of sth ÆËÏòijÎï; ¼±W: dive for the phone, the gun, etc ¼±Ã¦¹ýÈ¥ÄÃÌýͲ¡¢ ǹµÈ * We dived for cover when the storm started. ±©·çÓêÀ´ÁÙʱ, ÎÒÃǼ±Ã¦Ñ°ÕÒ¶ã±ÜµÄµØ·½. dive into sth/in (fml ÎÄ) (a) move one's hand quickly into sth ѸËÙ½«ÊÖÉìÈëijÎïÖÐ: dive into one's pocket, briefcase, etc Á¢¼´°ÑÊÖÉì½øÒ´ü¡¢ ¹«Ê°üµÈ. (b) involve oneself completely in sth Ò»ÐÄͶÈëijÊÂÎï: dive into a new project DZÐÄ×êÑÐÒ»¸öÐÂÏîÄ¿. diver n person who dives, esp one who works under water using a diving-suit DZˮÕß; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©Ç±Ë®Ô±. dive-bomb v [I, Tn] (of an aeroplane, a pilot, etc) drop bombs on (sth) after having dived steeply downwards £¨Ö¸·É»ú¡¢ ·ÉÐÐÔ±µÈ£©¸©³åºäÕ¨. dive-bomber n aircraft designed to do this ¸©³åºäÕ¨»ú. diving-bell n bell-shaped device supplied with air in which people can work under water DZˮÖÓ. diving-board n board for diving from £¨ÌøË®Óõģ©Ìø°å. diving-suit n watertight suit worn by divers with a helmet into which air can be pumped DZˮÒÂ. dive / daIv; daIv/ n 1 act of diving ÌøË®»òDZˮµÄ¶¯×÷; ¸©³å: The goalkeeper made a spectacular dive to save the goal. ÊØÃÅÔ±×öÁËÒ»¸ö¾«²ÊµÄÓãÔ¾¶¯×÷¾È»ØÒ»Çò. 2 (infml ¿Ú) disreputable bar, gambling club, etc µÍ¼¶¾Æ¹Ý¡¢ ¶Ä³¡µÈ: a low dive ϵȾưÉ. diverge / daI5v\:dV; daI`v[dV/ v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (a) (of lines, roads, etc) separate and go in different directions, becoming further apart £¨Ö¸ÏßÌõ¡¢ µÀ·µÈ£©·Ö²æ, ²í¿ª: The M6 diverges from the M1 just north of Rugby. 6ºÅ¸ßËÙ¹«Â·Óë1ºÅ¸ßËÙ¹«Â·ÔÚÀ­¸ñ±ÈÊÐÒÔ±±´¦²í¿ª. * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) Until their paths diverged Lennon and McCartney wrote many hits together. Â×Å©ºÍÂó¿¨ÌØÄáÔÚ·ÖµÀÑïïð֮ǰһͬд¹ýÐí¶à³É¹¦Ö®×÷. =>illus at converge ¼ûconvergeÖ®²åͼ. (b) (fml ÎÄ) (of opinions, etc) differ £¨Ö¸Òâ¼ûµÈ£©·ÖÆç: Our views diverged so greatly that it was impossible to agree. ÎÒÃǵĹ۵ã´æÔÚÖøÑÏÖصķÖÆç, ¾øÎÞµ÷ºÍÓàµØ. 2 [Ipr] ~ from sth turn away from (a plan, standard, etc) Æ«À루¼Æ»®¡¢ ±ê×¼µÈ£©: diverge from the truth, norm, usual procedure ²»·ûºÏÊÂʵ¡¢ ¹æ·¶¡¢ Ò»°ã³ÌÐò. Cf ²Î¿´ converge. divergence / daI5v\:dVEns; daI`v[dVEns/ (also divergency / -dVEnsI; -dVEnsI/) n [C, U]. divergent / -dVEnt; -dVEnt/ adj: divergent paths, opinions ²í·¡¢ Æç¼û. divers / 5daIvEz; `daIvLz/ adj (arch ¹Å) various; several ¸÷ÖÖ¸÷ÑùµÄ; ºÃ¼¸¸öµÄ. diverse / daI5v\:s; daI`v[s/ adj of different kinds; varied ¶àÖÖ¶àÑùµÄ; ²»Í¬µÄ: people from diverse cultures ²»Í¬ÎÄ»¯±³¾°µÄÈË * Her interests are very diverse. ËýµÄÐËȤ·Ç³£¹ã·º. diversify / daI5v\:sIfaI; daI`v[sE9faI/ v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [Tn] give variety to (sth); vary ʹ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ¶àÑù»¯; ʹ²»Í¬: diversify one's skills, interests, etc ÅàÑø×Ô¼º¶à·½ÃæµÄ¼¼ÄÜ¡¢ ÐËȤµÈ * We must try to diversify the syllabus to attract more students. ÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸Ãʹ½Ìѧ´ó¸ÙÄÚÈݶàÑù»¯, ¿ÉÒÔ¶àÎüÒýѧÉú. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (into sth) (commerce ÉÌ) (esp of a business) vary the range of products, investments, etc in order to reduce risk or expand operations £¨ÓÈÖ¸ÆóÒµ£©´ÓʶàÖÖ¾­Óª, ¶àÔª»¯: The choice facing the company is simple: diversify or go bankrupt. °ÚÔÚ¹«Ë¾ÃæÇ°µÄµÀ·²»ÄÑÑ¡Ôñ: Òª÷á½øÐжàÖÖ¾­Óª, Òª÷áÆƲú. * Some publishers are now diversifying into software. ÓÐЩ³ö°æÉçÄ¿Ç°Õý¼æÓªÈí¼þ. diversification / daI9v\:sIfI5keIFn; daI9v[sEfE`keFEn/ n [U, C]. diversion / daI5v\:Fn; ?@ daI5v\:rVn; daI`v[VEn/ n 1 (a) [U] action of turning sth aside or changing its direction Æ«Àë; תÏò: the diversion of a stream, one's thoughts ºÓÁ÷µÄ¸ÄµÀ¡¢ ˼ÏëµÄת±ä * the diversion of flights because of fog ÓÉì¶ÓÐÎí¶øÔì³ÉµÄ°à»úº½ÏòÆ«Àë. (b) [C] instance of this Æ«Àë; תÏò. 2 [C] (esp Brit) (US detour) alternative route for use by traffic when the usual road is temporarily closed £¨µÀ·½ûֹͨÐÐʱµÄ£©ÁÙʱÈÆÐз: Sorry I'm late there was a diversion. ¶Ô²»Æð, ÎÒ³Ùµ½ÁË--ÒòΪ¸ÄµÀµÄÔµ¹Ê. 3 [C] entertaining activity, esp one that turns the attention from work, study, etc ÏûDz, ÓéÀÖ£¨ÓÈָʹעÒâÁ¦´Ó¹¤×÷¡¢ ѧϰµÈÖÐתÒÆ¿ªÕߣ©: the diversions of city life ³ÇÊÐÉú»îÖеĸ÷ÖÖÏûDz * It's difficult to concentrate when there are so many diversions. ÓéÀֻ¶àÁ˾ͺÜÄѼ¯Öо«Éñ. 4 [C] thing designed to draw attention away from sth one does not want to be noticed ÓÃÒÔתÒÆÊÓÏßµÄÊÂÎï; ΪתÒÆ×¢ÒâÁ¦¶øÖÆÔìµÄ¼ÙÏó: One of the gang created a diversion in the street while the others robbed the bank. Ò»Ãû·ËͽÔÚ½ÖÉÏÖÆÔìʶËÒýÈËעĿ, ÆäÓà·ËͽÔòÇÀ½ÙÒøÐÐ. diversionary / daI5v\:FEnErI; US daI5v\:rVEnerI; daI`v[VEn9ZrI/ adj: diversionary action, tactics, raids, etc Ç£ÖÆÐÔµÄÐж¯¡¢ Õ½Êõ¡¢ ͻϮµÈ. diversity / daI5v\:sEtI; daI`v[sEtI/ n [U, sing] state of being varied; variety ¶àÖÖ¶àÑù; ¶àÑùÐÔ: a wide diversity of opinion ¿´·¨ÉϵÄÖÚ˵·×ç¡. divert / daI5v\:t; daI`v[t/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (to sth) turn sb/sth from one course to another תÒÆijÈ˵Ä×¢ÒâÁ¦; ʹijÊÂÎïתÏò: divert traffic (from one road to another) ʹ³µÁ¾ÈƵÀÐÐÊ» * divert a ship (from its course) ʹ´¬Ö»×ª±äº½Ïò * divert sb's attention, thoughts, energies, etc ½«Ä³È˵Ä×¢ÒâÁ¦¡¢ ˼Ïë¡¢ ¾«Á¦µÈתÒƵ½±ð´¦. 2 [Tn] entertain or amuse (sb) ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©µÃµ½ÏûDz»òÓéÀÖ: Children are easily diverted. º¢×ÓÃÇÓÐÓéÀ־ͺܸßÐË. diverting adj entertaining ¿É×ÊÏûDzµÄ; ÓéÀÖµÄ; ÓÐȤµÄ. divertingly adv. divest / daI5vest; daI`vZst/ v [Tn.pr] (fml ÎÄ) 1 ~ sb of sth take off (sb's clothes) ÍÑÈ¥£¨Ä³È˵ÄÒ·þ£©: divest a queen of her robes ΪŮÍõÍÑÈ¥ÍõÅÛ. 2 ~ sb of sth take away (sb's power, rights, responsibility, etc) ½â³ý£¨Ä³È˵ÄȨÁ¦¡¢ ȨÀû¡¢ ÔðÈεȣ©: The disgraced official was divested of all authority. ¸ÃʧÊƹÙԱʧȥÁËÒ»ÇÐȨÁ¦. 3 ~ oneself of sth rid oneself of (a feeling, an idea, etc) ʹ×Ô¼º°ÚÍÑ£¨Ä³ÖÖ¸ÐÇé¡¢ ˼ÏëµÈ£©: He could not divest himself of the suspicion that his wife was being unfaithful. ËûÎÞ·¨Ïû³ý×Ô¼ºµÄÒÉÐÄ, ×ܾõµÃÆÞ×Ó²»ÖÒ. divide / dI5vaId; dE`vaId/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (into sth) (cause sth to) split or break into parts; separate £¨Ê¹Ä³Î·Ö¸î¿ª; ·Ö¿ª; ·Ö¸ô: The train divides at York. ÕâÁлð³µÔÚÔ¼¿ËÊе÷¶¯³µÏá·Ö;ÐÐÊ». * divide a large house (up) into flats °ÑÒ»Ëù´ó·¿×Ó·Ö¸ô³ÉÈô¸ÉÌ×¼ä * divide a novel (up) into chapters °ÑÒ»²¿Ð¡Ëµ»®·ÖΪÈô¸ÉÕÂ½Ú * divide the class (up) into small groups °ÑÄǸö°à·Ö³É¼¸¸öС×é. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out/up) (between/among sb) break sth into parts and give a share to each of a number of individuals ·Ö»ò·ÖÅäijÊÂÎï: divide out/up the money, food, reward ·ÖÇ®¡¢ ʳÎï¡¢ Éͽð * We divided the work between us. ÎÒÃÇ·Öµ£Õ⹤×÷. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (between A and B) split sth up, esp one's time, and use parts of it for different activities, etc; apportion sth ½«Ä³ÊÂÎï·Ö¸î¿ª; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©·ÖÅäʱ¼ä; ·ÖÅÉijÊÂÎï: He divides his energies between politics and business. Ëû°ÑÒ»²¿·Ö¾«Á¦ÓÃÀ´¸ãÕþÖÎ, Ò»²¿·ÖÓÃÀ´¸ãÒµÎñ. 4 [Tn.pr] ~ A from B separate or be the boundary between (two people or things) ½«£¨Á½Õߣ©·Ö¸ô¿ª; ÔÚ£¨Á½Õߣ©Ö®¼ä»®·Ö½çÏß: The English Channel divides England from France. Ó¢¼ªÀûº£Ï¿°ÑÓ¢·¨Á½¹ú·Ö¸ô¿ªÀ´. 5 [Tn] cause (two or more people) to disagree ʹ£¨ÈË£©²úÉú·ÖÆç: This issue has divided the Government. ÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâÔÚÕþ¸®ÖÐÒýÆðÒâ¼û·ÖÆç. * The Government is divided (on this issue). Õþ¸®£¨ÔÚÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâÉÏ£©Òâ¼û²»Í³Ò». 6 (a) [Tn.pr] ~ sth by sth find out how many times one number is contained in another ijÊý³ýÒÔijÊý: 30 divided by 6 is 5. 30³ýÒÔ6µÈì¶5. (b) ~ into sth be able to be multiplied to give another number £¨ÓÃijÊý£©³ýijÊý: 5 divides into 30 6 times. ÓÃ5³ý30µÈì¶6. 7 [I, Tn] (esp Brit) (cause Parliament to) vote, by separating into groups for and against a motion £¨Ê¹Òé»á£©·Ö×é±í¾ö: After a long debate the House divided, ie voted on the question. ÒéÔº¾­¹ý³¤Ê±¼ä±çÂÛÖ®áá, ½øÐÐÁË·Ö×é±í¾ö. * divide the House, ie ask for a vote to be taken ÒªÇóÒéÔº¸¶Öî±í¾ö. divider n thing that divides sth ·Ö¸ôÎï: a room divider, ie a screen, etc that divides a room into two parts ·Ö¸ô·¿¼äµÄ¸ô°å. divide / dI5vaId; dE`vaId/ n (esp US) line of high land separating two river systems; watershed ·ÖË®Áë; ·ÖË®Ïß: the Continental/Great Di`vide, ie the watershed formed by the Rocky Mountains ´ó½·ÖË®Á루Âä»ùɽÂöËùÐγɵķÖË®Ïߣ©. dividend / 5dIvIdend; `dIvE9dZnd/ n 1 (commerce ÉÌ) share of profits paid to share-holders in a company, or to winners in a football pool £¨¸¶¸ø¹ÉƱ³ÖÓÐÕߵģ©¹ÉÏ¢, ºìÀû; £¨¸¶¸ø×ãÇòÈü´ò¶ÄÓ®¼ÒµÄ£©²Ê½ð: declare a dividend, ie state what proportion of profits are to be divided among share-holders Ðû²¼·¢·Å¹ÉÏ¢ * an annual dividend of 8% Äê¶È¹ÉÏ¢8%. 2 (mathematics Êý) number that is to be divided by another ±»³ýÊý. Cf ²Î¿´ divisor. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) pay dividends => pay2. dividers / dI5vaIdEz; dE`vaIdLz/ n [pl] instrument used for measuring lines, angles, etc ·ÖÏß¹æ; Á½½Å¹æ: a pair of dividers Ò»¸±·ÖÏß¹æ. =>illus at compassÖ®²åͼcompass. divination / 9dIvI5neIFn; 9dIvE`neFEn/ n [U] foretelling the future by supernatural means Õ¼²·; £¨ÒÔ³¬×ÔÈ»µÄ·½·¨£©Ô¤²â. divine / dI5vaIn; dE`vaIn/ adj 1 [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] of, from or like God or a god ÉϵۻòÉñµÄ; ÉϵۻòÉñ´ÍÓèµÄ; ÈçͬÉñÁéµÄ: Di,vine `Service, ie the public worship of God £¨¹«ÖÚ¶ÔÉϵ۵ģ©Àñ°Ý. 2 (infml ¿Ú) wonderful, lovely, etc ¼«ºÃµÄ¡¢ ¿É°®µÄµÈ: You look simply divine, darling! Äã¼òÖ±¶¯È˼«ÁË, Ç×°®µÄ! divinely adv: You dance divinely. ÄãÌøÎèÌøµÃ°ô¼«ÁË. divine / dI5vaIn; dE`vaIn/ v [Tn, Tf] 1 (fml ÎÄ) sense (sth) by intuition; guess £¨Æ¾Ö±¾õ£©Òâʶµ½£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ; ²Â²â: divine sb's thoughts, sb's intentions, the truth ÁìÎòijÈ˵Ä˼Ïë¡¢ ²ì¾õijÈ˵ÄÒâͼ¡¢ ²Â³öÊÂÇéµÄÕæÏà. 2 reveal (sth hidden, esp the future) by magical means Õ¼²·£¨Ä³Î´ÖªÊÂÎï, ÓÈָδÀ´£©; ²·²â; Ô¤²·: Astrologers claim to be able to divine what the stars hold in store for us. Õ¼ÐǼÒÉù³ÆÄÜÔ¤Öª»ö¸£. diviner (also water-diviner) n person who divines, esp one who searches for underground water using a divining-rod Õ¼²·Õß; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©ÓÃÕ¼²·ÕÈ̽ѰµØÏÂˮԴµÄÈË. divining-rod n Y-shaped stick used by a water-diviner £¨²·²âˮԴÕßÓõģ©Õ¼²·ÕÈ£¨³ÊYÐΣ©. divinity / dI5vInEtI; dE`vInEtI/ n 1 [U] quality of being divine1(1) ÉñÐÔ: the divinity of Christ »ù¶½µÄÉñÐÔ. 2 [C] god or goddess Éñ; Å®Éñ: the Roman, Greek, Egyptian divinities ÂÞÂí¡¢ Ï£À°¡¢ °£¼°ÖîÉñ. 3 [U] theology Éñѧ: a doctor of divinity Éñѧ²©Ê¿. divisible / dI5vIzEbl; dE`vIzEbl/ adj [usu pred ͨ³£×÷±íÓï] ~(by sth) (mathematics Êý) that can be divided, usu with no remainder ¿É³ý; £¨Í¨³£Ö¸£©¿É³ý¾¡: 8 is divisible by 2 and 4, but not by 3. 8¿É±»2ºÍ4³ý¾¡, µ«²»Äܱ»3. division / dI5vIVn; dE`vIVEn/ n 1 [U] (a) dividing or being divided ·Ö; ·Ö¸î; »®·Ö: the division of wealth ²Æ²úµÄ·ÖÅä. (b) dividing one number by another ³ý; ³ý·¨: Are you any good at division? ÄãµÄ³ý·¨ºÃÂð? 2 [sing] (often preceded by an adj ³£ÓÃì¶ÐÎÈÝ´ÊÖ®áá) result of dividing ·ÖµÄ½á¹û: a fair/unfair division of money ½ðÇ®µÄ¹«Æ½[²»¹«Æ½]·ÖÅä. 3 [C] (a) any of the parts into which sth is divided ·Ö³öÀ´µÄÒ»²¿·Ö. (b) (abbr Ëõд Div) major unit or section of an organization £¨×éÖ¯»ò»ú¹¹µÄ£©µ¥Î», ²¿ÃÅ£¨Èç´¦¡¢ ¿Æ¡¢ ×é¡¢ ¾ü¶ÓµÄʦµÈ£©: the `sales division of our company ±¾¹«Ë¾µÄÏúÊÛ²¿ * Our team plays in the first di`vision (of the football league). ±¾¶ÓÔÚ£¨×ãÇòÁªÈü£©¼××é²ÎÈü. * the `parachute division ¿Õ½µÊ¦. 4 [C] dividing line ·Ö½çÏß: A hedge forms the division between her land and mine. ÓÐÒ»µÀÊ÷ÀéÔÚËýµÄÍÁµØºÍÎÒµÄÍÁµØÖ®¼äÐγÉÁË·Ö½çÏß. 5 [C, U] (instance of) disagreement or difference in thought, way of life, etc £¨Ë¼Ïë¡¢ Éú»î·½Ê½µÈµÄ£©ÆçÒì, ²î±ð, ·Ö»¯ÏÖÏó: the deep/widening divisions in society today µ±½ñÉç»áÖо޴óµÄ[ÈÕÒæ¼Ó´óµÄ]²î¾à. 6 [C] (esp Brit) (in Parliament) act of voting £¨Òé»áÖеģ©·Ö×é±í¾ö: The Bill was read without a division. ¸Ã·¨°¸Î´¾­·Ö×é±í¾ö¼´½øÐÐÐû¶Á. * The opposition threatened to force a division on the motion. ·´¶ÔÅÉÍþвҪǿÐн«¸Ã¶¯Òé·Ö×é±í¾ö. divisional / dI5vIVEnl; dE`vIVEnl/ adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] of a division(3) ·Ö³öµÄ; ·ÖÖ§µÄ; ʦµÄ: divisional commander, headquarters, etc ʦ³¤¡¢ ʦָ»Ó²¿. division-bell n (Brit) bell rung to warn Members of Parliament not present in the House that there is to be a division(6) £¨Ó¢¹úÒéԺ֪ͨ³¡ÍâÒéÔ±µÄ£©·Ö×é±í¾öÁå. division lobby (also lobby) (Brit) (in Parliament) one of two corridors where Members of Parliament go to vote £¨ÒéÔºÖеģ©Á½¸ö·Ö×éͶƱÌüÖ®Ò». division sign n sign () placed between two numbers, showing that the first is to be divided by the second ³ýºÅ£¨¡¡£©. divisive / dI5vaIsIv; dE`vaIsIv/ adj causing disagreement or disunity among people Ôì³É²»ºÍµÄ; µ¼Ö·ÖÁѵÄ: a divisive influence, policy, effect µ¼Ö·ÖÁѵÄÊÆÁ¦¡¢ Õþ²ß¡¢ ×÷ÓÃ. divisively adv. divisiveness n [U]. divisor / dI5vaIzE(r); dE`vaIzL/ n (mathematics Êý) number by which another number is divided ³ýÊý. Cf ²Î¿´ dividend. divorce / dI5vR:s; dE`vRrs/ n 1 [C, U] ~ (from sb) (instance of the) legal ending of a marriage Àë»é; ÀëÒì: ask/sue for a divorce ÉêÇëÀë»é * get/obtain a divorce »ñ×¼Àë»é * grounds (ie legal reasons) for divorce Àë»éµÄÀíÓÉ£¨·¨Âɸù¾Ý£© * Divorce is on the increase. Àë»é°¸²»¶ÏÔö¶à. * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] start di`vorce proceedings Ìá³öÀë»éËßËÏ. 2 [C] (fig ±ÈÓ÷) ending of a connection; separation ¶Ï¾ø¹Øϵ; ·ÖÀë: the divorce between religion and science ×Ú½ÌÓë¿Æѧ·ÖµÀÑïïð. divorce / dI5vR:s; dE`vRrs/ v 1 [Tn] legally end one's marriage to (sb) Ó루ijÈË£©Àë»é: They're divorcing each other/getting divorced. ËûÃÇÀë»éÁË. 2 [Tn.pr esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] ~ sb/sth from sth (fig ±ÈÓ÷) separate sb/sth from sth, esp in a false way ʹijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]ÓëËûÊÂÎï·Ö¿ª£¨ÓÈÖ¸´íÎóµØ£©: You can't divorce science from ethical questions. ²»ÄÜ°Ñ¿ÆѧÓëÂ×ÀíÎÊÌâ½ØÈ»·Ö¿ª. * a politician totally divorced from (ie unable to understand or deal with) the real needs of the country Óë¹ú¼ÒµÄʵ¼ÊÐèÒªÍêÈ«Íѽڣ¨¶ÔÖ®²»Á˽â»òÊøÊÖÎ޲ߣ©µÄÕþÖμÒ. divorcee / dI9vR:5si:; dE9vRr`si/ n divorced person ÀëÁË»éµÄÈË. divot / 5dIvEt; `dIvEt/ n piece of turf cut out by a golf club when making a stroke £¨¸ß¶û·òÇò°ô»÷ÇòʱÏ÷ÆðµÄһС¿é£©²ÝƤ. divulge / daI5vQldV; dE`vQldV/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tw] ~ sth (to sb) make known (sth secret) й¶£¨ÃØÃÜ£©: divulge a confidential report, sb's identity, one's age 鶻úÃÜ¡¢ ijÈ˵ÄÉí·Ö¡¢ ×Ô¼ºµÄÄêÁä * I cannot divulge how much it cost. ÎÒ²»ÄܰѼÛǮй¶³öÀ´. divulgence / daI5vQldVEns; dE`vQldVEns/ n [U]. divvy / 5dIvI; `dIvI/ n (dated Brit infml ¾É, ¿Ú) dividend(1), esp one paid by a co-operative society £¨¾Éʱ£©¹ÉÏ¢, ºìÀû. divvy v (pt, pp divvied) (phr v) divvy sth up (infml ¿Ú) share sth out; distribute ·ÖijÎï; ·Ö·¢: They divvied up the winnings between them. ËûÃǹϷÖÁËÓ®µÃµÄÇ®. Dixie / 5dIksI; `dIksI/ n (US infml ¿Ú) southern states of the US, esp those that formed the Confederacy in 1860-61 ÃÀ¹úÄϲ¿¸÷ÖÝ£¨ÓÈÖ¸18601861Äê¼ä×é³É°îÁªÕߣ©. Dixieland / -lAnd; -9lAnd/ n 1 (US) = Dixie. 2 (also dixieland) [U] style of jazz with a strong two-beat rhythm, originating in New Orleans µÏ¿ËÎ÷À¼¾ôÊ¿ÀÖ£¨Ã¿½ÚÁ½ÅÄ, ½Ú×à¸ÐÇ¿, Ô´³öа¶ûÁ¼£©: Do you like Dixieland? Äãϲ»¶µÏ¿ËÎ÷À¼¾ôÊ¿ÀÖÂð? * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a dixieland band ÑÝ×àµÏ¿ËÎ÷À¼¾ôÊ¿ÀÖµÄÀÖ¶Ó. DIY / 9di: aI 5waI; 9di aI `waI/ abbr Ëõд = (Brit infml ¿Ú) do it yourself : a DIY kit ¹©¹ºÂòÕß×ÔÐÐ×°ÅäµÄ³ÉÌ×Áã¼þ * DIY enthusiasts ϲ»¶×Ô¼º¶¯ÊָɵÄÈË. dizzy / 5dIzI; `dIzI/ adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (of a person) feeling as if everything is spinning around; unable to balance; confused £¨Ö¸ÈË£©Í·ÔεÄ, Ñ£ÔεÄ, ʧȥƽºâµÄ, »èÂÒµÄ: After another glass of whisky I began to feel dizzy. ÎÒÓÖºÈÁËÒ»±­ÍþÊ¿¼É¾ÆÖ®áá, ¾Í¾õµÃÍ·ÔÎÄ¿Ñ£. 2 of or causing this feeling ʹÈËÑ£ÔεÄ; ʹÈËÃÔÂÒµÄ: a dizzy spell Ò»ÕóÍ·ÔÎ * a dizzy height, speed ʹÈËÑ£Ôεĸ߶ȡ¢ ËÙ¶È. dizzily adv. dizziness n [U]. dizzy v (pt, pp dizzied) [Tn] make (sb) dizzy ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©Ñ£ÔÎ. DJ / 9di: 5dVeI; 9di `dVe/ abbr Ëõд = (infml ¿Ú) 1 (Brit) dinner-jacket. 2 disc jockey: He's a radio DJ. ËûÊǵç̨µÄÁ÷ÐÐÒôÀÖ½ÚÄ¿Ö÷³ÖÈË. dl abbr Ëõд = (pl unchanged or dls ¸´Êý»ò²»±ä»ò×÷dls) decilitre: 10 dl 10·ÖÉý. DLitt / 9di: 5lIt; 9di `lIt/ (also Litt D) abbr Ëõд = Doctor of Letters ÎÄѧ²©Ê¿: have/be a DLitt in English ÓÐÓ¢¹úÎÄѧ²©Ê¿Ñ§Î»[ΪӢ¹úÎÄѧ²©Ê¿] * Jane Pearce DLitt¼ò¡¤Æ¤¶û˹ÎÄѧ²©Ê¿. DM (also D-mark) abbr Ëõд = unit of money in Germany (German Deutsche Mark) Âí¿Ë£¨Ô´×ÔµÂÎÄDeutsche Mark): DM 650 650Âí¿Ë. dm abbr Ëõд = (pl unchanged or dms ¸´Êý»ò²»±ä»ò×÷dms) decimetre: 15 dm 15·ÖÃ×. DMus / 9di:5mQs; 9di`mQs/ abbr Ëõд = Doctor of Music ÒôÀÖ²©Ê¿: have/be a DMus ÓÐÒôÀÖ²©Ê¿Ñ§Î»[ΪÒôÀÖ²©Ê¿] * Simon Potter DMus Î÷ÃÉ¡¤²¨ÌØÒôÀÖ²©Ê¿. DNA / 9di: en 5eI; 9di Zn `e/ abbr Ëõд = (chemistry »¯) deoxyribonucleic acid (the basic constituent of the gene) ÍÑÑõºËÌǺËËᣨ»ùÒòµÄ»ù±¾³É·Ö£©. do / du:; du/ aux v (neg ·ñ¶¨Ê½ do not, contracted form ËõԼʽ don't/ dEUnt; dont/; 3rd pers sing pres t does/ dEz; dEz; strong form Ç¿¶Áʽ dQz; dQz/, neg ·ñ¶¨Ê½ does not, contracted form ËõԼʽ doesn't/ 5dQznt; `dQznt/; pt did/ dId; dId/, neg ·ñ¶¨Ê½ did not, contracted form ËõԼʽ didn't/ 5dIdnt; `dIdnt/; pp done/ dQn; dQn/) 1 (a) (used in front of a full v to form negative sentences and questions ÓÃì¶Êµ¶¯´Ê֮ǰÒÔ¹¹³É·ñ¶¨¾ä¼°ÒÉÎʾä): I don't like fish. ÎÒ²»Ï²»¶Óã. * They didn't go to Paris. ËûÃÇûȥ°ÍÀè. * Don't forget to write. ±ðÍüÁËдÐÅ. * Does she speak French? Ëý»á˵·¨ÓïÂð? * Do you believe him? ÄãÏàÐÅËûÂð? * Did they take you home? ÊÇËûÃÇ°ÑÄãË͵½¼ÒµÄÂð? (b) (used to make tag questions ÓÃÒÔ¹¹³É¸½¼ÓÎʾä): You live in London, don't you? ÄãסÔÚÂ׶Ø, ÊÇÂð? * He married his boss's daughter, didn't he? ËûÈ¢ÁËÀÏ°åµÄÅ®¶ù, ÊÇÂð? * She doesn't work here, does she? Ëý²»Ôڴ˵ع¤×÷, ÊÇÂð? 2 (used when no other aux v is present to emphasize that a verb is positive ÓÃ춾äÖÐÎÞÆäËûÖú¶¯´Êʱ, ÒÔ¼ÓÇ¿¶¯´ÊµÄ¿Ï¶¨ÓïÆø): He `does look tired. ËûȷʵÏԵúÜÆ£¾ë. * She `did write to say thank you. ËýµÄȷдÐÅÏòÄãµÀлÁË. * Do shut up! ס¿Ú! * Do say you'll stay for supper! Îñ±Ø³ÔÍêÍí·¹ÔÙ×ß! 3 (used to reverse the order of the subject and v when an adv or adverbial phrase is moved to the front µ±¸±´Ê»ò¸±´Ê´Ê×éÒÆÖõ½¾äÊ×ʱ, ÓÃÒԸıäÖ÷ÓïºÍ¶¯´ÊµÄÓïÐò): Not only does she speak Spanish, (but) she also knows how to type. Ëý²»µ«»á˵Î÷°àÑÀÓï, »¹»á´ò×ÖÄØ. * (fml ÎÄ) So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. ËûÃdzԵÃÌ«¶àÁË, Ò»¸öСʱ¶¼¶¯µ¯²»µÃ. * (fml ÎÄ) Rarely did she request help but this was a matter of urgency. ËýºÜÉÙÇóÖúì¶ÈË, ÕâÊÂÈ´ÊÇÊ®·Ö½ô¼±. 4 (used to avoid repetition of a full v ÓÃÒÔ´úÌæʵ¶¯´Ê, ±ÜÃâÖظ´): He drives faster than he did a year ago. Ëû¿ª³µ±ÈÒ»ÄêÒÔÇ°¿ìÁË. * She works harder than he does. Ëý¹¤×÷±ÈËûŬÁ¦. * `Who won?' `I did.' £àË­Ó®ÁË?£§£àÎÒÓ®ÁË.£§ do / du:; du/ v (3rd pers sing pres t does / dQz; dQz/, pt did / dId; dId/, pp done / dQn; dQn/) * CARRYING OUT AN ACTIVITY ½øÐÐÒ»Ïî»î¶¯ 1 [Tn] (used esp with what, anything, nothing and something, to refer to actions which are unspecified or not yet known about ÓÈÓëwhat¡¢ anything¡¢ nothing¡¢ somethingÁ¬ÓÃ, ָδָ¶¨µÄ»òδ֪µÄÐÐΪ»ò¶¯×÷): `What are you doing this evening?' `I'm going to the cinema.' £à½ñÍíÄã´òËã×öʲ÷á?£§£àÎÒ´òËãÈ¥¿´µçÓ°.£§ * `Are you doing anything tomorrow evening?' £àÃ÷ÍíÄãÓÐÊÂÂð?£§ * We will do what we can to help you. ÎÒÃÇÔ¸Ò⾡Á¦°ïÖúÄã. * The company ought to do something about the poor service. ¹«Ë¾Ó¦¸Ã¶Ô·þÎñÖÊÁ¿²»¼ÑһʲÉȡЩ´ëÊ©. * What does she want to do (ie What career does she want) when she leaves school? ËýÖÐѧ±ÏÒµÒÔááÏë×öʲ÷á? * There's nothing to do in this place, ie no means of passing one's leisure time enjoyably. Õâ¸öµØ·½Ã»ÓкÃÍæ¶ùµÄ£¨ÎÞ·¨ÏûÄ¥¿ÕÏÐʱ¼ä£©. * He does nothing but complain/All he does is complain. ËûÖ»»á·¢ÀÎɧ. * `It's so unfair that she's lost her job. ' `I know, but there's nothing we can do about it (ie We can't change the situation.)' £àËý¶ªÁ˹¤×÷, ÕæʹÈËΪËý±§²»Æ½.£§£àÎÒÖªµÀ, µ«ÎÒÃÇÓÖÓÐʲ÷á°ì·¨ÄØ.£§ * `What can I do for you?' `I'd like a pound of apples, please.' £àÄúÏëÂòЩʲ÷áÄØ?£§£àÇë¸øÎÒÀ´Ò»°õÆ»¹û.£§ 2 [I] act; behave ×ö; Ðж¯; ±íÏÖ: Do as you wish/please. ÄãÔ¸ÒâÔõ÷á¸É¾ÍÔõ÷á¸É°É. * Do as I do. ÕÕÎÒ×öµÄÈ¥×ö°É. * Why can't you do as you're told (ie be obedient) ? ÄãÔõ÷á²»Ìý»°Ñ½? 3 [Tn] work at, or carry out, (an activity or a task) ×ö; ½øÐУ¨Ä³Ïî»î¶¯»ò¹¤×÷£©: do a university degree ¹¥¶Á´óѧѧλ * do research into French history Ñо¿·¨¹úÀúÊ· * He still has to do his military service. ËûÈÔÐë·þ±øÒÛ. * I have a number of important things to do today. ½ñÌìÎÒÓÐÐí¶àÖØÒªÊÂÇéÒª×ö. * She does aerobics once a week. ËýÿÖܽøÐÐÒ»´Î½¡ÃÀ²Ù. 4 [Tn] (used esp with the + n or my, his, etc + n to refer to everyday tasks such as cleaning, washing, arranging, mending, etc ÓÈÓëthe+Ãû´Ê»òmy¡¢ hisµÈ+Ãû´ÊÁ¬ÓÃ, Ö¸ÈÕ³£ÊÂÎñ, Èç´òɨÎÀÉú¡¢ ϴϴˢˢ¡¢ ÕûÀí¼ÒÎñ¡¢ ÐÞÐÞ²¹²¹µÈ): do (ie brush) one's teeth Ë¢ÑÀ * do (ie wash up) the dishes Ï´Íëµú * do (ie polish) the silver ²Á¹âÒøÆ÷ * do the flowers, ie arrange them in vases ²å»¨ * I like the way you've done (ie styled) your hair. ÎÒϲ»¶ÄãÊáµÄ·¢Ê½. * We'll have to get someone to do (ie mend) the roof. ÎÒÃǵÃÕÒÈËÀ´ÐÞÀí·¿¶¥. 5 [Tn] (used with the, my, some, much, etc + the -ing form of a v to refer to a wide range of actions Óëthe¡¢ my¡¢ some¡¢ muchµÈ+¶¯´ÊµÄthe -ingÐÎʽÁ¬ÓÃ, Ö¸¸÷ÖÖ¸÷ÑùµÄÐÐΪ»ò¶¯×÷): do the ironing, cooking, washing, etc ìÙÌÌÒ·þ¡¢ Åëµ÷ʳÎï¡¢ ϴϴˢˢ * We usually do our shopping at the weekend. ÎÒÃÇͨ³£ÀûÓÃÖÜÄ©²É¹ºÎïÆ·. * You do the painting and I'll do the papering. ÄãÉÏÓÍÆá, ÎÒÌù±ÚÖ½. * She did a lot of acting (ie acted in a lot of plays) when she was at university. ËýÉÏ´óѧʱÑݹýÐí¶à¾ç. * He does some writing (eg writes poems, novels, essays, etc) in his spare time. ËûÔÚÒµÓàʱ¼äдһЩ¶«Î÷£¨Èçдʫ¡¢ С˵¡¢ É¢Îĵȣ©. * STUDYING OR SOLVING ѧϰ»ò½â¾öÎÊÌâ 6 [Tn] learn or study (sth) ѧϰ»òÑо¿£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ: Do you do science at school? ÄãÔÚѧУÀïѧ×ÔÈ»¿ÆѧÂð? * do accountancy, engineering, law, etc, eg as a professional training ѧ»á¼Æ¡¢ ¹¤³Ì¡¢ ·¨ÂÉµÈ * She did economics at Sheffield University. ËýÔøÔÚл·Æ¶ûµÂ´óѧ¹¥¶Á¾­¼Ãѧ. * Have you done any (ie studied any works by) Shakespeare? ÄãÑо¿¹ýɯʿ±ÈÑǵÄ×÷Æ·Âð? 7 [Tn] find the answer to (sth); solve ½â´ð£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ; ½â¾ö: I can't do this sum. ÎÒ²»»á×öÕâµÀËãÊõÌâ. * I could never do simultaneous equations. ÎÒ´ÓÀ´²»»áËãÁªÁ¢·½³Ìʽ. * Can you do crosswords? Äã»áÌî×ݺá×ÖÃÕÂð? * MAKING OR PRODUCING ×ö³ö»òÖÆ×÷ 8 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) produce sth; make sth ×ö³öijÊÂÎï; ÖÆ×÷ijÊÂÎï: do a drawing, painting, sketch, etc ×÷ͼÑù¡¢ »æ»­¡¢ ËØÃè * She did five copies of the agenda. Ëý½«Òé³Ì±í¸´ÖÆÁËÎå·Ý. * Does this pub do (ie provide) lunches? Õâ¼Ò¾Æ¹Ý¹©Ó¦Îç²ÍÂð? * Who's doing (ie organizing and preparing) the food at the wedding reception? Ë­°ü°ì»éÑçµÄ¾Æϯ? * I'll do a translation for you/do you a translation. ÎÒÀ´ÎªÄã·­Òë. 9 [Tn] deal with or attend to (sb/sth) ´¦Àí, ÕÕÁÏ£¨Ä³È˵ÄÊÂ[ijÊÂÎï]£©: The barber said he'd do me (ie cut my hair) next. Àí·¢Ê¦ËµÏÂÒ»¸ö¸øÎÒÀí. 10 [Tn] put on or produce (a play, an opera, etc) Ñݳö»ò±àÅÅ£¨Ï·¾ç¡¢ ¸è¾çµÈ£©: The Dramatic Society are doing `Hamlet next year. Ï·¾çÉç×¼±¸Ã÷ÄêÑݳö¡¶¹þÄ·À×ÌØ¡·. 11 [Tn] play the part of (sb); imitate (sb) °çÑÝ£¨Ä³ÈË£©µÄ½ÇÉ«; Ä£·Â£¨Ä³ÈË£©: I thought he did Hamlet superbly. ÎÒ¾õµÃËû°çÑݹþÄ·À×ÌØÒ»½ÇºÜ³öÉ«. * She does Mrs. Thatcher rather well. ËýѧÈöÇжû·òÈ˵ÄÑù×Óµ¹Í¦ÏñÁ¨. 12 [I, Tn, Tg] (used in the perfect tense or the passive ÓÃì¶Íê³Éʱ̬»ò±»¶¯Óï̬) finish (sth); complete ½áÊø£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ; Íê³É: (infml ¿Ú) Have you done (ie finished what you were doing) ? Äã×öÍêÁËÂð? * I've done talking it's time to act. ÎÒ»°ÒÑ˵Íê--¸Ã²ÉÈ¡Ðж¯ÁË. * The work won't take too long to do. Õ⹤×÷²»ÐèÒªºÜ³¤Ê±¼ä¾ÍÄÜÍê³É. * Did you get your article done in time? ÄãµÄÂÛÎÄ°´Ê±Ð´ÍêÁËÂð? * COMPLETING AN ACTIVITY OR A JOURNEY Íê³ÉÒ»Ïî»î¶¯»ò×ßÍêÒ»¶Î·³Ì 13 [Tn] (a) travel over (a distance) ×ßÍ꣨һ¶Î·³Ì£©: How many miles did you do during your tour? ÄãÂÃÐÐÁ˶àÉÙÓ¢Àï? * My car does 40 miles to the gallon, ie uses one gallon of petrol to travel 40 miles. ÎÒµÄÆû³µÃ¿ºÄÒ»¼ÓÂØÓÍ¿ÉÐÐÊ»40Ó¢Àï. (b) complete (a journey) Íê³É£¨ÂÃÐУ©: We did the journey (from London to Oxford) in an hour. ÎÒÃÇÓÃһСʱ×ßÍêÁË£¨´ÓÂ׶ص½Å£½òµÄ£©ÂóÌ. (c) travel at or reach (a speed) ÒÔ£¨Ä³Ò»Ëٶȣ©Ðнø; ´ïµ½£¨Ä³Ò»Ëٶȣ©: The car was doing 90 miles an hour. Æû³µÒÔÿСʱ90Ó¢ÀïµÄËÙ¶ÈÐÐÊ». 14 [Tn] (infml ¿Ú) visit (a place) as a sightseer; see the sights of ÓÎÀÀ£¨Ä³µØ£©; ¹Û¹â: We did Tokyo in three days. ÎÒÃÇÔÚ¶«¾©ÓÎÀÀÁËÈýÌì. 15 [Tn] spend (a period of time) ¶È¹ý£¨Ò»¶Îʱ¼ä£©: She did a year at university, but decided to give up the course. ËýÔÚ´óѧÀï¶Á¹ýÒ»ÄêÊé, µ«ááÀ´¾ö¶¨·ÅÆúѧҵ. * (infml ¿Ú) He did six months (in prison) for burglary. ËûÒòµÁÇÔ×ÔÚ¼àÓü£©·þÐÌÁù¸öÔÂ. * OTHER MEANINGS ÆäËûÒâÒå 16 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (for sb/sth); ~ (as sth) be sufficient or satisfactory for (sb/sth) ×ã¹»»òÄÜÂú×㣨ijÈË/ijÊÂÎïµÄÐèÒª£©: `Can you lend me some money?' `Certainly will 10 do?' £àÄãÄܽè¸øÎÒÒ»µãÇ®Âð?£§£àµ±È»¿ÉÒÔ--10Ó¢°÷¹»ÁËÂð?£§ * Will next Friday do for our meeting? ÎÒÃǵĻáÒéÏÂÐÇÆÚÎ忪ÐÐÂð? * These shoes won't do (ie are not strong enough) for climbing. ÕâЩЬ²»ÊʺÏ춵Çɽ£¨²»¹»½áʵ£©. * This log will do fine as a table for our picnic. Õâ¿é´óԲľºÜ¿ÉÒÔÓÃ×÷ÎÒÃÇÒ°²ÍµÄ²Í×À. * This room will do (me) nicely, thank you, ie It has all the comforts I need. Õâ¸ö·¿¼äºÜÊʺÏÎÒµÄÐèÒª, ллÄã. 17 [I] (used with advs, or in questions after how Ó븱´ÊÁ¬ÓÃ, »òÔÚÒÉÎʾäÖÐÓÃì¶howÖ®áá) progress; perform ½øÕ¹; ±íÏÖ: She's doing very well at school, ie Her work is good. ËýÔÚѧУÀ﹦¿ÎºÜºÃ. * How is the business doing? ÉúÒâÈçºÎ? * Both mother and baby are doing well, ie after the birth of the baby. ĸ×Ó¾ùƽ°². * Everything in the garden is doing (ie growing) splendidly. »¨Ô°ÀïµÄÒ»ÇÐÖ²Îﶼ³¤µÃºÃ¼«ÁË. * She did well out of (ie profited from) the deal. ËýÔÚÕâ±Ê½»Ò×ÖÐ׬ÁËÐí¶àÇ®. 18 [Tn] cook (sth) ÅëÖÆ£¨Ä³Î: Shall I do the casserole in the oven? ÎÒÓÿ¾Ïä×ö±ºÅÌìÀ²ËºÃÂð? * How would you like your steak done? ÄãÒªµÄÅ£ÅÅÒª¼¸³ÉÊì? 19 (a) [Tn esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] (infml ¿Ú) cheat or swindle (sb) ÆÛÆ­»òÕ©Æ­£¨Ä³ÈË£©: This table isn't a genuine antique; I'm afraid you've been done! ie you have paid a lot of money for an object of little value. ÕâÕÅ×À×Ó²¢²»ÊÇÕæÕýµÄ¹ÅÎï, ¿´À´ÄãÉϵ±ÁË. (b) [Tn] (sl Ùµ) rob or burgle (sth) ÇÀ½Ù, µÁÇÔ£¨Ä³Î: The gang did a warehouse and a supermarket. ÄÇ°ï·ËͽÇÀ½ÙÁËÒ»¸ö²Ö¿âºÍÒ»¼Ò³¬¼¶Êг¡. 20 (sl Ùµ) (a) [Tn] hurt or hit (sb) É˺¦, ´ò»÷£¨Ä³ÈË£©: Say that again and I'll do you! ÄãÒªÔÙ˵һ´ÎÎÒ¾Í×áÄã! (b) [esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) arrest or convict sb (for a crime) ´þ²¶Ä³ÈË; ÐûÅÐijÈËÓÐ×ï: He got done for speeding. ËûÒò³¬ËÙÐ㵶ø±»×¥×¡. 21 (idm Ï°Óï) ,do as you would be `done by (saying Ñè) one should treat others as one would like to be treated ÄãÏ£Íû±ðÈËÔõÑù´ýÄã, Äã¾ÍÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑù´ý±ðÈË; ¼ºËù²»Óû, ÎðÊ©ì¶ÈË. be/have to do with sb/sth be connected with or related to sb/sth ÓëijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]ÓÐÁªÏµ»òÓйØϵ: `What do you want to see me about?' `It's to do with that letter you sent me.' £àÄãÏë¼ûÎÒÓÐʲ÷áÊÂÂð?£§£àÕâʸúÄãд¸øÎÒµÄÄÇ·âÐÅÓйØ.£§ have (got) something, nothing, a lot, etc to do with sb/sth be connected or concerned to a specified extent with sb/sth ÓëijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]ÔÚËùÊö³Ì¶ÈÉÏÓÐÁªÏµ»òÓйØϵ: Her job has something to do with computers. ËýµÄ¹¤×÷Óë¼ÆËã»úÓÐЩ¹Øϵ. * Hard work has a lot to do with (ie has contributed greatly towards) her success. Ëý»ñµÃµÄ³É¹¦ÊǺÍËýµÄŬÁ¦·Ö²»¿ªµÄ. * `How much do you earn?' `What's it got to do with you?' £àÄãÕõ¶àÉÙÇ®?£§£àÕâ¸úÄãÓÐʲ÷á¹Øϵ?£§ * We don't have very much to do with our neighbours, ie don't meet them socially. ÎÒÃÇÓëÁÚ¾Óûʲ÷áÍùÀ´. ,how do you `do? (used as a formal greeting when one meets sb for the first time ÓÃ×÷³õ´Î¼ûÃæʱµÄÕýʽÎʺòÓï). it/that will never/won't `do (used to indicate that a state of affairs is unsatisfactory and should be changed or improved ÓÃÒÔ±íʾÇé¿ö»òÊÂÇé²»ÄÜÁîÈËÂúÒâÓ¦¼ÓÒԸıä»ò¸ÄÉÆ): This is the third time you've been late for work this week; it simply won't do, I'm afraid. ÕâÊÇÄãÔÚ±¾ÖÜÀïµÚÈý´ÎÉÏ°à³Ùµ½ÁË, Õâ¿É²»Ðа¡. ,nothing `doing (sl Ùµ) (used to refuse a request ÓÃÒԾܾøÒ»ÏîÇëÇó): `Could you lend me 10?' `Nothing doing!' £àÄã½è¸øÎÒ10Ó¢°÷ÐÐÂð?£§£à²»ÐÐ!£§ that `does it (infml ¿Ú) (used to show that one will not tolerate sth any longer ÓÃÒÔ±íʾ²»ÄÜÔÙÈÝÈÌijÊÂÎï): That does it! I've had enough of your sarcasm. I'm leaving. ¹»ÁË! ÄãÄÇЩÍÚ¿àÈ˵Ļ°ÎÒÒѾ­Êܲ»ÁËÀ². ÎÒ×ß! that's `done it (infml ¿Ú) (used to express dismay, anger, etc that a misfortune, an accident or a mistake has spoiled or ruined sth µ±Ä³ÖÖÔÖ»ö¡¢ ʹʻò²î´íŪÔã»ò»Ù»µÄ³ÊÂÎïʱ, ÓÃÒÔ±íʾ¾ª»Å¡¢ Æø·ßµÈ): That's done it. We've run out of petrol. We'll never be in time for the train now. ÔãÁË. ÎÒÃǵÄÆûÓÍÓÃÍêÁË. Ôõ÷áÒ²¸Ï²»ÉÏ»ð³µÁË. that will `do (used esp to order sb to stop doing or saying sth ÓÈÓÃÒÔÖÆֹijÈË×ö»ò˵ijÊÂÎï): That'll do, you two; you're getting far too noisy. ÐÐÀ², ÄãÃÇÁ½¸öÈ˼òÖ±³³ËÀÁË. (For other idioms containing do, see entries for ns, adjs, etc Óëdo´îÅäµÄÆäËûÏ°Óï¼ûÓйØÃû´Ê¡¢ ÐÎÈݴʵȵĴÊÌõ, Èç do a bunk => bunk2; easier said than done => easy. ) 22 (phr v) do away with sth (infml ¿Ú) get rid of sth; abolish sth °ÚÍÑijÊÂÎï; ·Ï³ýijÊÂÎï: She thinks it's time we did away with the monarchy. ËýÈÏΪ¸ÃÊǷϳý¾ýÖ÷ÖƵÄʱºòÁË. * The death penalty has been done away with in many European countries. Ðí¶àÅ·ÖÞ¹ú¼ÒÒѷϳýÁËËÀÐÌ. do away with oneself/sb (infml ¿Ú) kill oneself/sb ×Ôɱ[ɱËÀijÈË]: She tried to do away with herself. ËýÆóͼ×Ôɱ. do sb/sth down (infml ¿Ú) speak of sb/sth in a critical or an unfavourable way; criticize or disparage sb/sth ˵ijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]»µ»°; Ö¸Ôð»òÚ®»ÙijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: He's always doing his friends down. ËûÀÏÊÇ˵ÅóÓѵĻµ»°. * It has become fashionable to do down traditional moral values. Ú®»Ù´«Í³µÀµÂµÄ¼ÛÖµÒѳÉΪһÖÖʱ÷ÖÊÂ. do for sb (infml ¿Ú) do housework for sb ÌæijÈË×ö¼ÒÎñ: Old Mrs Green has done for us for over 20 years. ¸ñÁÖÀÏÌ«Ì«ÌæÎÒÃÇÁÏÀí¼ÒÎñÒÑÓÐ20¶àÄêÁË. * They can't afford a home help, so they have to do for themselves. ËûÃÇÇë²»ÆðŮӶÈË, ËùÒÔÖ»ºÃ×Ô¼º×ö¼ÒÎñ»î. do for sb/sth (usu passive ͨ³£ÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬) (infml ¿Ú) ruin, destroy or kill sb/sth »ÙÃð¡¢ ÆÆ»µ»òɱËÀijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: Unless the Government provides more cash, the steel industry is done for. ³ý·ÇÕþ¸®Ìṩ¸ü¶àµÄ×ʽð, ·ñÔò¸ÖÌú¹¤Òµ×¼¸ø»ÙÁË. do for sth (infml ¿Ú) (used in questions with how and what ÓÃì¶ÒÉÎʾäÖÐ, ÓëhowºÍwhatÁ¬ÓÃ) manage to obtain Éè·¨»ñµÃ: How/What did you do for coal during the miners' strike? ¿ó¹¤°Õ¹¤ÆÚ¼äÄãÊÇÔõÑù¸ãµ½ÃºµÄ? do sth for sb/sth (infml ¿Ú) improve the appearance of sb/sth ʹijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]¸Ä¹Û: That new hairstyle really does something/a lot for her. ÄÇÖÖеķ¢Ê½µÄȷʹËýºÃ¿´Ò»Ð©[ºÃ¿´¶àÁË]. do sb in (infml ¿Ú) (a) kill sb ɱËÀijÈË: She was so depressed she felt like doing herself in. ËýÐÄ»ÒÒâÀäÏëÒª×Ôɱ. (b) = do sb over. (c) (usu passive ͨ³£ÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬) exhaust sb ʹijÈ˽îÆ£Á¦¾¡: Come in and sit down you look done in. ½øÀ´×ø×ø°É--Äã¿´À´ÀÛ»µÁË. do sth in (infml ¿Ú) injure (a part of the body) É˺¦µ½£¨ÉíÌåij²¿£©: He did his back in lifting heavy furniture. ËûÔÚ̧³ÁÖصļҾßʱŤÉËÁËÑü. do sth out (infml ¿Ú) clean or tidy (a room, cupboard, etc) by removing unwanted things from it Çåɨ»òÇåÀí£¨·¿¼ä¡¢ ¹ñ³÷µÈ£©: Your desk drawer needs doing out. ÄãÄÇÊé×ÀµÄ³éÌëÐèÒªÇåÀí. do sb out of sth (infml ¿Ú) prevent sb from having sth, esp in an unfair or a dishonest way ʹijÈ˵ò»µ½Ä³ÊÂÎÓÈÖ¸ÒÔ²»¹âÃ÷Õý´óµÄ·½Ê½£©: She was done out of her promotion. ËýÊÜÈËËã¼Æ¶øδ»ñÌáÉý. do sb over (infml ¿Ú) attack and beat sb severely ÃÍ»÷ijÈË; Í´´òijÈË: He was done over by a gang of thugs after a football match. ËûÔÚ×ãÇò±ÈÈü½áÊøÒÔááÊܵ½Ò»°ï±©Í½µÄŹ´ò. do sth over clean or redecorate the surfaces of sth ÇåÀí»òÖØÐÂ×°ÊÎijÎïµÄ±íÃæ: The paintwork is beginning to flake; it'll need doing over/to be done over soon. ÓÍÆáÒѳÉƬÍÑÂä, ÐèÒª¸Ï¿ìÖØÐÂÉÏÆá. do sth to sb (infml ¿Ú) have an effect on sb; excite or stir sb Ó°Ï쵽ijÈË; ´Ì¼¤»òÉ¿¶¯Ä³ÈË: Her voice really does something to me. ËýµÄÉùÒôȷʵ¶ÔÎÒÓÐÒ»¶¨Ó°Ïì. * What have you done to your sister? She's very upset. Äã¶ÔÄãÃÃÃÃÔõ÷áÁË? ËýÄѹý¼«ÁË. do sth to sth (esp in questions with what ÓÈÓÃì¶ÒÉÎʾäÖÐ, ÓëwhatÁ¬ÓÃ) cause sth to happen to sth ʹ¶ÔijÊÂÎï²úÉúÓ°Ïì: What have you done to the television? It's not working properly. ÕâµçÊÓ»úÄãÊÇÔõ÷áŪµÄ? ¶¼²»ÄÜÕý³£ÊÕ¿´ÁË. * What on earth have you done to your hair? eg Why have you had it cut in that way? ÄãÔõ÷á°ÑÍ··¢Åª³ÉÕâ¸öÑù×Ó? do up be fastened; fasten ¹Ì¶¨×¡; ¿ÛÉÏ; °ó½ô: This skirt does up at the back. ÕâÌõȹ×ÓÊÇÔÚááÃæϵ¿ÛµÄ. do oneself up (infml ¿Ú) make oneself more attractive by putting on make-up, different clothes, etc ½åÊá×±´ò°ç¡¢ ´©Ææ×°Òì·þµÈʹ×Ô¼º¸ñÍâÒýÈËעĿ. do sth up (a) fasten (a coat, skirt, etc) with buttons, a zip, etc £¨ÓÿÛ×Ó¡¢ À­Á´µÈ£©¹Ì¶¨£¨ÍâÌס¢ ȹ×ӵȣ©: He never bothers to do his jacket up. Ëû×ÜÊDz»Ô¸ÒâϵÍâÒµÄÅ¥¿Û. * She asked me to do up her dress for her at the back. ËýÒªÎÒ¸øËý°ÑÒ·þ´ÓááÃæϵÉÏ. (b) make sth into a parcel or bundle; wrap or tie sth up °ÑijÎï´ò³É°ü¹ü»òÀ¦ÔúÔÚÒ»Æð; °üס»òÀ¦ÔúijÎï: She was carrying a parcel of books done up in brown paper. ËýÌá¡¡Ò»¸ö×ØÉ«µÄÖ½°ü, ÀïÃæÊÇÊé. (c) repair, redecorate or modernize (a house, room, etc) ÐÞÀí¡¢ ÖØÐÂ×°ÊλòÒÔÏÖ´ú»¯É豸װÐÞ£¨·¿×Ó¡¢ ·¿¼äµÈ£©: If we decide to buy the cottage we'll have to do it up. ÎÒÃÇÈô¾ö¶¨¹ºÂòÕâ×ù±ðÊû, ¾ÍµÃÖØнøÐÐ×°ÐÞ. * We're having the kitchen done up. ÎÒÃÇÕýÓÃÏÖ´ú»¯É豸װÐÞ³ø·¿. do with sth (a) (used with can and could to express a need or desire for sth ÓëcanºÍcouldÁ¬ÓÃ, ±íʾÐèÒª»òÏ£ÍûµÃµ½Ä³ÊÂÎï): You look as if you could do with (ie as if you need) a good night's sleep. Äã¿´À´ËƺõÐèÒªºÃºÃ˯ÉÏÒ»Ò¹. * I could do with a stiff drink! ÎÒÏëÒªÒ»±­ÁÒ¾Æ. (b) (used in the negative with can and could ÓÃ춷ñ¶¨¾äÖÐ, ÓëcanºÍcouldÅäºÏʹÓÃ) tolerate sth ÈÌÊÜijÊÂÎï: I can't do with his insolence. ÎÒÈÌÊܲ»ÁËËûÄÇ°ÁÂýÎÞÀñµÄ̬¶È. * If there's one thing I can't do with, it's untidiness. ¼ÙÈô˵ÓÐʲ÷ᶫÎ÷ÎÒÎÞ·¨ÈÌÊܵĻ°, ÄǾÍÊDz»Õû½à. do sth with sb/sth (used in questions with what ÓÃì¶ÒÉÎʾäÖÐ, ÓëwhatÅäºÏʹÓÃ): What have you done with (ie Where have you put) my umbrella? Äã°ÑÎÒµÄÉ¡·ÅÔÚÄĶùÈ¥ÁË? * Tell me what you did with yourselves (ie how you passed the time) on Sunday. ¸æËßÎÒÄãÃÇÔõÑù¶È¹ýÐÇÆÚÌìµÄ. * What are we going to do with (ie How are we going to use) the food left over from the party? ÎÒÃÇÑç»áÉÏʣϵÄʳÎïÔõ÷á°ìÄØ? * She doesn't know what to do with herself. Ëý²»ÖªµÀÔõ÷á°ì²ÅºÃ. do without (sb/sth) (used esp with can and could ÓÈÓëcanºÍcouldÁ¬ÓÃ) manage without sb/sth ²»ÓûòûÓÐijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]Ò²ÐÐ: He can't do without (the services of) a secretary. Ëû²»ÄÜûÓÐÃØÊ飨µÄЭÖú£©. * If we can't afford a car, we'll just have to do without (one). ÎÒÃÇÒªÊÇÂò²»ÆðÆû³µ, Ò²¾ÍÖ»ºÃ²»Óã¨Æû³µ£©ÁË. * I could have done without being (ie I wish I hadn't been) woken up at 3 o'clock in the morning. ÆäʵÓò»×ÅÔÚÇ峿3µãÖӾͰÑÎÒ½ÐÐÑ°É. do-gooder n (infml often derog ¿Ú, ³£×÷±áÒå) person who performs or tries to perform good deeds, esp in an unrealistic, interfering or fussy way £¨Á¦Í¼£©×öºÃʵÄÈË£¨ÓÈÖ¸·½Ê½²»ÇÐʵ¼Ê¡¢ ¶à¹ÜÏÐÊ»ò°ïµ¹Ã¦£©. do it yourself (abbr Ëõд DIY) activity of constructing, repairing or decorating things oneself (rather than employing professional workers to do it) ×Ô¼º¶¯Êָɣ¨½¨Ôì¡¢ ÐÞÀí»ò×°ÊÎ, ¶ø²»¹ÍÓÃרÈË£©: She's very keen on do it yourself. ËýºÜϲ»¶×Ô¼º¸ÉάÐÞ»î¶ù. * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a do-it-yourself shop ³öÊÛ³ÉÌ×Áã¼þ¹©¹Ë¿Í×ÔÐÐ×°ÅäµÄÉ̵ê. do / du:; du/ n (pl dos or do's / du:z; duz/) 1 (Brit infml ¿Ú) party ¾Û»á: I hear the Newtons are having a big do tonight. Ìý˵ţ¶Ù¼ÒÀï½ñÍí¾ÙÐÐÊ¢´óµÄÑç»á. 2 (Brit sl Ùµ) dishonest trick; swindle »¨ÕÐ; Æ­¾Ö: If you ask me, the whole thing's a do. ÒÀÎÒ˵, ÕâÊÂÍêÈ«ÊǸöÆ­¾Ö. 3(idm Ï°Óï) do's and don'ts/ 9du:zEn5dEUnts; 9duzEn`donts/ rules ¹æÔò; ×¼Ôò: If you want to lose weight, here are some do's and don'ts. ÏëÒª¼õÇáÌåÖØ, ÕâÊÇһЩעÒâÊÂÏî. fair do/dos/do's => fair1. do = doh. do abbr Ëõд = (also symb ·ûºÅΪ") ditto. do's and don'ts => do3 3. doc / dCk; dBk/ n (infml ¿Ú) (used as a term of address) doctor £¨ÓÃ×÷³ÆºôÓҽÉú. docile / 5dEUsaIl; ?@ 5dCsl; `dBsl/ adj (of a person or an animal) easy to control £¨Ö¸ÈË»ò¶¯ÎÈÝÒ׿ØÖƵÄ, ѱ·þµÄ: a docile child, dog, personality ÎÂ˳µÄº¢×Ó¡¢ ¹·¡¢ ¸öÐÔ. docilely / -saIllI; ?@ -sElI; -slI/ adv. docility / dEU5sIlEtI; do`sIlEtI/ n [U]. dock / dCk; dBk/ n 1 [C] part of a port, etc where ships go for loading, unloading or repair, esp one fitted with gates to control the water level ÂëÍ·; ´¬²º; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©´¬Îë: go into/be in dock ½øÈë[ÔÚ]´¬Îë * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] dock workers ÂëÍ·¹¤ÈË. 2 docks [pl] grouping of docks with the wharves, sheds, etc round them £¨ÉèÓÐÂëÍ·¡¢ »õÅïµÈµÄ£©¸ÛÇø: work at the docks ÔÚ¸ÛÇø¹¤×÷. 3 [C] (esp US) ship's berth; wharf ²´Î»; ÂëÍ·. docker n person who loads and unloads ships ÂëÍ·¹¤ÈË. dockland / -lAnd; -9lAnd/ n [U, C] district near a dockyard £¨ÁÚ½ü´¬³§µÄ£©³§Çø. dockyard n area with docks and equipment for building and repairing ships Ôì´¬³§; ÐÞ´¬³§. dock / dCk; dBk/ v 1 (a) [I] (of a ship) come into dock £¨Ö¸´¬£©½ø¸Û, ½øÈë´¬Îë. (b) [Tn] bring (a ship) into dock Á죨´¬£©Èë¸Û. 2 (a) [I] (of spacecraft) join together £¨Ö¸ÓîÖæ·É´¬£©¶Ô½Ó: docking manoeuvres/procedures ¶Ô½Ó²Ù×÷[¹ý³Ì]. (b) [Tn] join (two or more spacecraft) together in space ʹ£¨ÓîÖæ·É´¬£©ÔÚÓîÖæ¿Õ¼ä¶Ô½Ó. dock / dCk; dBk/ n 1 part of a criminal court where the accused sits during his trial £¨ÐÌÊ·¨Í¥µÄ£©±»¸æϯ: The judge looked over to the prisoner in the dock. ·¨¹Ù´òÁ¿Á˱»¸æϯÉϵķ¸ÈË. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) put sb/be in the dock accuse sb/be accused of doing sth wrong Ö¸¿ØijÈË[Êܵ½Ö¸¿Ø]: This recent tragedy has put the manufacturersof the drug squarely in the dock. нü·¢ÉúµÄÕâÒ»±¯²ÒʼþʹҩƷ³§ÉÌÊܵ½Ö¸¿Ø. dock / dCk; dBk/ v 1 [Tn] cut short (an animal's tail) ¼ô¶Ì£¨¶¯ÎïµÄβ°Í£©. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sth (from/off sth) take away (part of sb's wages, rations, etc) ¿Û³ý£¨Ä³È˵IJ¿·Ö¹¤×Ê¡¢ Åä¸øÆ·µÈ£©: They've docked my salary. ËûÃÇ¿ÛµôÁËÎÒµÄÒ»²¿·Ö¹¤×Ê. * dock 15% from/off sb's earnings ´ÓijÈ˵ÄÊÕÈëÖп۳ý15% * They've docked me 20. ËûÃÇ¿ÛÁËÎÒ20Ó¢°÷. dock / dCk; dBk/ n [U, C] common weed with large leaves ËáÄ££¨Ò»ÖÖÀ«Ò¶Ò°²Ý£©. graving dock / 5greIvIN dCk; `^revIN dBk/ n dry dock in which the outside of a ship's hull may be cleaned Ǭ´¬Î루ÇåÀí´¬Íâ¿ÇµÄ³¡Ëù£©. docket / 5dCkIt; `dBkIt/ n 1 (commerce ÉÌ) document or label listing goods delivered, jobs done, contents of a package, etc µ¥¾Ý, ±êÇ©£¨ËÍ»õµ¥¡¢ Í깤±¨±í¡¢ °ü¹üµ¥µÈ£©. 2 (US law ÂÉ) list of cases awaiting trial ±¸É󰸼þĿ¼±í; ËßËÏժ¼. docket v [Tn] (a) write (sth) on a docket ½«£¨Ä³ÊÂÎÁÐÈëÒ»ÀÀ±í. (b) label (sth) with a docket ¸ø£¨Ä³Î¸½ÉÏÄÚÈݱêÇ©. doctor / 5dCktE(r); `dBktL/ n (abbr Ëõд Dr) 1 person who has been trained in medical science Ò½Éú; ´ó·ò: You'd better see a doctor about that cut. Äã×îºÃÈ¥ÕÒÒ½Éú¿´¿´ÄãÄÇÉË¿Ú. * Doctor Thompson ÌÀÆÕÉ­Ò½Éú. 2 person who has received the highest university degree ²©Ê¿: Doctor of Philosophy, Science, Letters, Law, etc ÕÜѧ¡¢ Àíѧ¡¢ ÎÄѧ¡¢ ·¨Ñ§µÈ²©Ê¿. doctor v [Tn] 1 (infml ¿Ú) give medical treatment for (sth) or to (sb) Ò½ÖΣ¨Ä³²¡£©; Ϊ£¨Ä³ÈË£©Öβ¡: doctor a cold, a child Ò½ÖθÐð¡¢ ¸øСº¢Öβ¡. 2 neuter (a cat, dog, etc) Ñ˸è¡¢ ¹·µÈ£©. 3 (infml ¿Ú) add sth harmful to (food or drink) ½«Óк¦ÎïÖʲóÈ루ʳÎï»òÒûÁÏ£©ÖÐ: They doctored her fruit juice with vodka and she got very drunk. ËûÃÇÔÚËýºÈµÄ¹ûÖ­Àï²óÈëÁË·üÌؼӾÆÖÂʹËýõ¤ôú´ó×í. 4 (infml ¿Ú) change (sth) in order to deceive ´Ü¸Ä, αÔ죨ijÊÂÎ: doctor the evidence, the accounts, a report αÔìÖ¤¾Ý¡¢ ´Ü¸ÄÕÊÄ¿¡¢ ×÷¼Ù±¨¸æ. doctoral / 5dCktErEl; `dBktErEl/ adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] of or relating to a doctorate ²©Ê¿µÄ; ²©Ê¿Ñ§Î»µÄ: a doctoral thesis ²©Ê¿ÂÛÎÄ. doctorate / 5dCktErEt; `dBktErIt/ n highest university degree ²©Ê¿Ñ§Î»: She's studying for her doctorate. ËýÕýÔÚ¹¥¶Á²©Ê¿Ñ§Î». doctrinaire / 9dCktrI5neE(r); 9dBktrI`nZr/ adj (derog ±á) rigidly applying a theory with no concern for practical problems ¿Õ̸ÀíÂÛµÄ; ½ÌÌõÖ÷ÒåµÄ: doctrinaire attitudes, beliefs, criticisms ½ÌÌõÖ÷ÒåµÄ̬¶È¡¢ ÐÅÌõ¡¢ ÅúÆÀ. doctrine / 5dCktrIn; `dBktrIn/ n [C, U] (any of a) set of beliefs held by a church, political party, group of scientists, etc ½ÌÒå; Ö÷Òå; ѧ˵; ÐÅÌõ: Catholic doctrines ÌìÖ÷½Ì½ÌÒå * Marxist doctrine Âí¿Ë˼µÄѧ˵ * This is a matter of doctrine, ie must be accepted as true. ÕâÊǸö»ù±¾ÐÅÌõ£¨±ØÐë³ÐÈÏÆäΪÕæÀí£©. doctrinal / dCk5traInl; ?@ 5dCktrInl; `dBktrInl/ adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï]: doctrinal controversy ÓйؽÌÒåµÄÂÛÕù * (derog ±á) a rigidly doctrinal approach, response, upbringing ½ÌÌõʽµÄ·½·¨¡¢ ·´Ó¦¡¢ ½ÌÑø. document / 5dCkjUmEnt; `dBkjEmEnt/ n paper, form, book, etc giving information about sth, evidence or proof of sth Îļþ; ¹«ÎÄ; ÎÄÏ×: The spy stole secret government documents. ¼äµýÇÔÈ¥ÁËÕþ¸®µÄÃØÃÜÎļþ. * study all the documents in a case, ie one being heard in court Ñо¿°¸¼þµÄÈ«²¿Ö¤¼þ * legal documents, eg deeds of property, wills, etc ·¨ÂÉÎļþ£¨Èç²Æ²úµÄÆõÔ¼¡¢ ÒÅÖöµÈ£©. document / 5dCkjUment; `dBkjE9mZnt/ v [Tn] prove or support (sth) with documents ÓÃÎļþ֤ʵ»òÖ¤Ã÷£¨Ä³Ê£©: Can you document these claims? ÄãÄÜΪÕâЩҪÇóÌṩ֤¼þÂð? * a badly-/well-documented report, ie (not) supporting its statements by referring to evidence Ö¤¾Ý²»×ã[³ä×ã]µÄ±¨¸æ. documentation / 9dCkjUmen5teIFn; 9dBkjEmZn`teFEn/ n [U] 1 documenting or being documented Îļþ»òÖ¤¾ÝµÄÌṩ»ò±¸°ì. 2 documents provided as evidence or proof of sth Ö¤¼þ: We haven't enough documentation to process your claim. ÎÒÃÇ»¹Ã»ÓÐ×ã¹»µÄÖ¤Ã÷ÎļþÀ´ÉóÀíÄãµÄÒªÇó. documentary / 9dCkjU5mentrI; 9dBkjE`mZntErI/ adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] 1 consisting of documents ÎļþµÄ; ÎÄÏ×µÄ: documentary evidence, proof, sources ÊéÃæÖ¤¾Ý¡¢ Ö¤¼þ¡¢ ÎļþÀ´Ô´. 2 giving a factual report of some subject or activity, esp by using pictures, recordings, etc of people involved ¼ÇʵµÄ, ¼Ç¼µÄ£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÌṩͼƬ¡¢ ¼ÒôµÈ²ÄÁÏ£©: a documentary account of the Vietnam war ¹Øì¶Ô½ÄÏÕ½ÕùµÄ¼Çʵ±¨µÀ * documentary films showing the lives of working people ·´Ó³ÀͶ¯ÈËÃñÉú»îµÄ¼Í¼Ƭ. documentary / 9dCkjU5mentrI; 9dBkjE`mZntErI/ n documentary film, or radio or TV programme ¼Í¼Ƭ; ¼ÇʵµÄ¹ã²¥»òµçÊÓ½ÚÄ¿: a documentary on/about drug abuse ¹Øì¶ÀÄÓö¾Æ·µÄ¼Í¼Ƭ. dodder / 5dCdE(r); `dBdL/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] (infml ¿Ú) move or act in a shaky unsteady way, because of old age or weakness £¨ÒòÄêÀÏ»òÌåÈõ£©²½ÂIJ»ÎÈ, Ò¡Ò¡»Î»Î: He doddered down the street. ËûõÔõÔõÄõÄÑؽÖ×ßÈ¥. * dodder along, about, around, etc ²ü²üÓÆÓƵØËÄ´¦×߶¯. dodderer / 5dCdErE(r); `dBdErL/ n 1 (infml ¿Ú) person who dodders õçõǶøÐеÄÈË. 2 (derog ±á) old person ÀÏÈË. doddering / 5dCdErIN; `dBdErIN/ (also doddery / 5dCdErI; `dBdErI/) adjs weak and uncertain in movement Ðж¯ÎÞÁ¦¶ø²»ÎȵÄ. doddle / 9dCdl; `dBdl/ n [sing] (infml ¿Ú) task or activity that is easily performed Çá¶øÒ×¾ÙµÄÈÎÎñ»ò»î¶¯: That hill's an absolute doddle (to climb). £¨ÅÀ£©ÉÏÄÇ×ùɽ¸ÚºÁ²»·ÑÁ¦. * It's no doddle being a teacher, you know. ÄãÖªµÀ, µ±ÀÏʦ¾ö·ÇÒ×ÊÂ. dodge / dCdV; dBdV/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn] move quickly and suddenly to one side in order to avoid (sb/sth) ÉÁ¿ª; ¶ã¿ª; ¶ã±Ü: He dodged to left and right as the gunman opened fire. ³Öǹ´õͽ¿ª»ðʱËû¶«¶ãÎ÷ÉÁ. * She dodged round the corner. ËýÔÚ½ÇÂä´¦¶ã¶ãÉÁÉÁ. * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) I'll leave early so as to dodge the rush-hour. ÎÒÒªÔçÔ綯ÉíÒÔ ±Ü¹ý½»Í¨Óµ¼·Ê±¼ä. 2 [Tn, Tg] (infml ¿Ú) avoid doing (sth) by cleverness or trickery Ê©¼Æ±ÜÃâ×ö£¨Ä³ÊÂÎ: dodge military service ÌӱܱøÒÛ * dodge awkward questions »Ø±ÜÁîÈËÞÏÞεÄÎÊÌâ * He always manages to dodge doing the housework. Ëû×ÜÊÇǧ·½°Ù¼Æ±ÜÃâ×ö¼ÒÎñ. dodger n (infml ¿Ú) person who avoids doing sth ÌÓ±ÜÕß; »Ø±ÜÕß; ¶ã±ÜÕß: Make sure she pays her share she's a bit of a dodger. Ëý×Ô¼ºµÄÒ»·ÝÒ»¶¨ÒªËý¸¶Çå--Ëý¿ÉÊÇÓеãÄÜÀµ¾ÍÀµ. dodge / dCdV; dBdV/ n 1 (usu sing ͨ³£×÷µ¥Êý) quick movement to avoid sb/sth ¶ãÉÁ; ÉÁ±Ü; ¶ã±Ü: make a sudden dodge to the right ͻȻÏòÓÒÒ»ÉÁ. 2 (infml ¿Ú) clever trick; way of avoiding sth Ãî¼Æ; ±ÜÃâijÊÂÎïµÄ·½·¨: a tax dodge ͵˰µÄ¼¿Á© * She's up to all the dodges, ie knows and uses them all. Ëý×ÜÊÇÓжã±ÜµÄ·½·¨. dodgems / 5dCdVEmz; `dBdVEmz/ n [pl] (also `dodgem cars) (Brit) (at fun fairs) small electric cars whose drivers try to bump other cars while dodging those that try to bump them ÅöÅö³µ: have a go on the dodgems È¥ÍæÅöÅö³µ. dodgy / 5dCdVI; `dBdVI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml ¿Ú esp Brit)1 (of a person) likely to be dishonest; cunning £¨Ö¸ÈË£©¹îÕ©µÄ, ½Æ»«µÄ: He's a dodgy bloke I wouldn't trust him an inch. ËûÊǸö¹î¼Æ¶à¶ËµÄ¼Ò»ï--ÎÒÒ»µã¶¼²»ÏàÐÅËû. 2 difficult or dangerous À§ÄѵÄ; ΣÏÕµÄ: Cycle across America? Sounds a bit dodgy to me. Æï×ÔÐгµºáÔ½ÃÀ¹ú? ÌýÆðÀ´ÓÐЩðÏÕ. dodo / 5dEUdEU; `dodo/ n (pl ~s or ~es) 1 large bird, now extinct, that was unable to fly and that lived on Mauritius ¶É¶ÉÄñ£¨¾ÞÄñ, ²»ÄÜ·ÉÐÐ, Ô­²úëÀïÇó˹, ÒѾøÖÖ£©. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) dead as a/the dodo => dead. doe / dEU; do/ n female deer, reindeer, rabbit or hare´Æ¹; ´ÆÍÃ. =>illus at deer ¼ûdeerÖ®²åͼ. Cf ²Î¿´fawn1, hind2, stag 1. DOE / 9di: EU 5i:; 9di o `i/ abbr Ëõд = (Brit) Department of the Environment »·¾³ÊÂÎñ²¿. doer / 5du:E(r); `duL/ n (approv °ý) person who does things rather than thinking or talking about them ʵ¸É¼Ò; ÉíÌåÁ¦ÐÐÕß: We need more doers and fewer organizers. ÎÒÃÇÐèÒªµÄÊÇʵ¸ÉµÄÈ˶àЩ, ×éÖ¯µÄÈËÉÙЩ. does => do. doff / dCf; ?@ dR:f; dRf/ v [Tn] (fml ÎÄ) take off (one's hat) ÍÑ£¨Ã±£©. Cf ²Î¿´ don2. dog / dCg; ?@ dR:g; dR^/ n 1 [C] (a) common domestic animal kept by human beings for work, hunting, etc or as a pet ¹·; È®. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page iii. (b) male of this animal, or of the wolf or fox ¹«¹·; ¹«ÀÇ; ¹«ºü. Cf ²Î¿´ bitch 1. (c) the dogs [pl] (infml ¿Ú) (betting on the result of) greyhound racing Èü¹·£¨µÄ¶Ä²©£©: I won 10 on the dogs. ÎÒÈü¹·Ó®ÁË10Ó¢°÷. 2 [C] (a) (preceded by an adj Ç°ÓÃÐÎÈÝ´ÊÐÞÊÎ) (dated infml ¾É, ¿Ú) fellow ÈË; ¼Ò»ï: a sly, lucky, gay dog ½Æ»«Ö®Í½¡¢ ÐÒÔ˶ù¡¢ ¿ìÀֵļһï * You dirty (ie dishonourable) dog! ÄãÕâ¸öÎ޳ܵÄСÈË! (b) (dated ¾É) wicked or worthless man а¶ñµÄÈË; ±°±É֮ͽ: He's a vile dog! ËûÊǸöÎÞ³Ü֮ͽ! 3 [C] mechanical device for gripping things ¿¨¾ß, ¼Ð¾ß£¨¿¨¡¢ ¼ÐµÈ»úеװÖã©. 4 [C] = andiron. 5 (idm Ï°Óï) (a case of) ,dog eat `dog ruthless competition ²Ð¿áÎÞÇéµÄ¾ºÕù; ×ÔÏà²Ðɱ. a ,dog in the `manger person who stops others enjoying sth he cannot use or does not want ¹·Õ¼Âí²Û; Õ¼Öøé¿Ó²»À­ÊºµÄÈË: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a ,dog-in-the-manger `attitude Õ¼Öøé¿Ó²»À­ÊºµÄ̬¶È. a dog's `breakfast/`dinner (infml ¿Ú) muddle or mess ÂÒÔãÔã; Ò»ÍÅÔã: He's made a real dog's breakfast of these accounts. Ëû°ÑÕâЩÕÊÄ¿¸ãµÃÒ»ÍÅÔã. dressed like a dog's dinner => dress2. every dog has his/its `day (saying Ñè) everyone enjoys good luck or success sooner or later ·²È˽ÔÓеÃÒâʱ. give a dog a bad `name (and `hang him) (saying Ñè) once a person has lost his reputation, it is difficult for him to regain it because others continue to condemn or suspect him Ò»³¯»µÃûÉù, Ê®ÄêÏ´²»Çå; ÃûÓþÒ»»Ù, ÍòÄÑÍì»Ø. go to the `dogs (infml ¿Ú) (of an organization, institution, etc) change so that it is no longer as efficient, productive, etc as before £¨Ö¸×éÖ¯¡¢ »ú¹¹µÈ£©Ò»õê²»Õñ, ²»¸´ÍùÈÕ֮ʢ, ´ó²»ÈçÇ°: ÿ¼IThis firm's gone to the dogs since you took over! Õ⹫˾×ÔÄã½ÓÊÖÒÑ´ó²»ÈçÇ°! a/the hair of the dog => hair. help a lame dog over a stile => help1. lead a dog's life; lead sb a dog's life => lead3. let sleeping dogs lie => sleep2. love me, love my dog => love2. not have a `dog's chance have no chance at all ºÁÎÞ»ú»á; ¾øÎÞ¿ÉÄÜ: He hasn't a dog's chance of passing the exam. ËûÕâ´Î¿¼ÊÔºÁÎÞ¼°¸ñµÄ¿ÉÄÜ. put on the dog (US sl Ùµ) show off ìÅÒ«; °ÚÀ«. rain cats and dogs => rain2. the tail wagging the dog => tail. teach an old dog new tricks => teach. top dog => top1. treat sb like dirt/a dog => treat. doggie (also doggy) / 5dCgI; ?@ 5dR:gI; `dR^I/ n (infml ¿Ú) (used by and to children ¶ùÓï) dog С¹·; ¹·¶ù. dog-biscuit n small hard biscuit fed to dogs £¨Î¹¹·µÄ£©Ð¡¿éÓ²±ýǬ. dogcart n light two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle Ë«ÂÖÇá±ãÂí³µ. dog-collar n 1 collar for a dog ¹·ÏîȦ. 2 (infml ¿Ú) stiff white collar worn by a clergyman £¨ÄÁʦ´©µÄ£©°×É«Ó²Áì; ÄÁʦÁì. dog-eared adj (of a book) having the corners of many pages turned down through use £¨Ö¸Ê飩·­¾É¶øÒ³½ÇÕÛ¾íµÄ. =>illus ¼û²åͼ. dogfight n 1 close combat between fighter aircraft Õ½¶·»ú½ü¾àÀë¿ÕÕ½. 2 rough uncontrolled fight »ìÕ½. doghouse n 1 (US) kennel ¹·ÎÑ; È®Éá. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) in the doghouse in disgrace; out of favour ¶ªÁ³µÄ; ²»¹â²ÊµÄ; ʧ³èµÄ; ÊÜÀäÂäµÄ. dog-like adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] of or like a dog ¹·µÄ; Ïñ¹·µÄ: dog-like devotion, fidelity, etc Ïñ¹·Ò»°ãµÄÖÒÐÄ¡¢ ÖÒʵµÈ. dog-leg n sharp bend, esp on a golf-course ¼±×ªÍ䣨ÓÈÖ¸¸ß¶û·òÇò³¡µÄ£©. dog-paddle (also doggie-paddle) n [U] simple swimming stroke, with short quick movements of the arms and legs £¨ÓÎÓ¾¶¯×÷µÄ£©¹·ÅÙʽ. v [I] swim in this way Óù·ÅÙʽÓÎÓ¾. the dog-star n the star Sirius ÌìÀÇÐÇ£¨´óÈ®×ù£©. dog-tired adj [usu pred ͨ³£×÷±íÓï] very tired ¼«Æ£¾ë. dog-tooth n (architecture ½¨) small pyramid-shaped ornament carved into stonework È®ÑÀÊÎ. dog-trot n gentle easy trot £¨´ÓÈݵģ©Ð¡ÅÜ. dog / dCg; ?@ dR:g; dR^/ v (-gg-) [Tn] follow (sb) closely and persistently ½ôËæ, ½ô¸ú, βË棨ijÈË£©: dog sb's footsteps ¸ú×ÙijÈË * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) Her career was dogged by misfortune. ËýÒ»ÉúÂÅÔâ²»ÐÒ. dog days / 5dCgdeIz; ?@ 5dR:g; `dR^ 9dez/ hottest period of the year (July and August) Ò»ÄêÖÐÌìÆø×îÈȵÄʱÆÚ£¨ÆßÔºͰËÔ£©; Èý·üÌì. dog-watch / 5dCgwCtF; ?@ 5dR:g-; `dR^9wBtF/ n (on ships) either of the two-hour watches (watch1 1a), 4 pm to 6 pm or 6 pm to 8 pm £¨´¬ÉÏ£©Á½Ð¡Ê±Öµ°à£¨ÏÂÎç4ÖÁ6ʱ»ò6ÖÁ8ʱ£©. doge / dEUdV; dodV/ n (formerly) chief magistrate in the republics of Venice and Genoa £¨¾Éʱ£©£¨ÍþÄá˹ºÍÈÈÄÇÑÇÁ½¹²ºÍ¹úµÄ£©×ܶ½. dogfish / 5dCgfIF; ?@ 5dR:g-; `dR^ 9fIF/ n (pl unchanged ¸´Êý²»±ä) type of small shark ¹·öè. dogged / 5dCgId; ?@ 5dR:gId; `dR^Id/ adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] (approv °ý) determined; not giving up easily ÍçÇ¿µÄ; ²»Çü²»ÄÓµÄ: a dogged defence of the city ¶Ô³ÇÊеÄÍçÇ¿·ÀÊØ * Although he's less talented, he won by sheer dogged persistence. ËûËäÈ»Ì츳²»¸ß, µ«È«Æ¾¼áÈ͵ÄÒãÁ¦Ó®µÃÁËʤÀû. doggedly adv. doggedness n [U]. doggerel / 5dCgErEl; ?@ 5dR:gErEl; `dR^ErEl/ n [U] verse that (intentionally or not) produces a clumsy and ridiculous effect ÍáÊ«; õ¿½ÅÊ«. doggo / 5dCgEU; ?@ 5dR:g-; `dR^o/ adv (idm Ï°Óï) lie doggo => lie. doggone / 5dCgCn; ?@ 5dR:gR:n; `dR^9^Rn/ v [Tn] (US infml ¿Ú) (used to express annoyance or surprise ÓÃÒÔ±íʾÄÕÅ­»ò¾ªÑÈ): Doggone it! È¥ËüµÄ! * Well I'll be doggoned! ¡¡, ºÃ¼Ò»ï! doggone (also doggoned) adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï], adv (used to express annoyance or surprise ÓÃÒÔ±íʾÄÕÅ­»ò¾ªÑÈ): I got another doggone traffic ticket. ÓÖ¸øÁËÎÒÒ»ÕŸÃËÀµÄ½»Í¨Î¥Õ·£¿î֪ͨµ¥. * Don't drive so doggoned fast! ±ðËûÂ迪µÃÕâ÷á¿ìѽ! dogie / 5dEUgI; `do^I/ n (US) motherless calf, esp on the range £¨Ê§È¥Ä¸Å£µÄ£©Å£¶¿£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÄÁ³¡ÖÐÕߣ©. dogma / 5dCgmE; ?@ 5dR:gmE; `dR^mE/ n [C, U] belief or set of beliefs put forward by some authority, esp a Church, to be accepted as a matter of faith ½ÌÒå; ½ÌÀí; ½ÌÌõ; ÐÅÌõ: (fig derog ±ÈÓ÷, ±á) political, social, economic, etc dogma, ie ideas that are not expected to be questioned ÕþÖεġ¢ Éç»áµÄ¡¢ ¾­¼ÃµÄ...ÐÅÌõ. dogmatic / dCg5mAtIk; ?@ dR:g5mAtIk; dR^`mAtIk/ adj 1 of or based on dogma ½ÌÒåµÄ; ½ÌÀíµÄ; ÒÔ½ÌÒåΪ»ù´¡µÄ: dogmatic theology ½ÌÒåÉñѧ. 2 (derog ±á) that claims or suggests that sth is true without taking account of evidence or other opinions Îä¶ÏµÄ; ×ÔÒÔΪÊǵÄ: a dogmatic attitude, approach, view, etc Îä¶ÏµÄ̬¶È¡¢ ·½·¨¡¢ ¿´·¨µÈ * You can't be dogmatic in matters of taste. ¶Ô춸öÈË°®ºÃµÄÊÂ, ºÎ±ØÕâÑù×ÔÒÔΪÊÇ. dogmatically / -klI; -klI/ adv: state sth dogmatically Îä¶ÏµØÖ÷ÕÅijÊÂÎï. dogmatize, dogmatise / 5dCgmEtaIz; ?@ 5dR:gmEtaIz; `dR^mE-9taIz/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (about sth) (derog ±á) make dogmatic statements ½ÌÌõµØ»òÎä¶ÏµØ±í´ï: You can't dogmatize about people's needs. ¶ÔÈËÃñÖ®ËùÐè²»ÄÜÎä¶Ï. dogmatism / 5dCgmEtIzEm; ?@ 5dR:gmEtIzEm; `dR^mE-9tIzEm/ n [U] (derog ±á) (quality of) being dogmatic ½ÌÌõÖ÷Òå; Îä¶Ï: the dogmatism of some music critics, popular preachers, etc ijЩÒôÀÖÆÀÂÛ¼Ò¡¢ ÃñÖÚ´«µÀÕߵȵĽÌÌõÖ÷Òå¹Ûµã. dogmatist / -mEtIst; -mEtIst/ n (derog ±á) dogmatic person ½ÌÌõÖ÷ÒåÕß; Îä¶ÏµÄÈË. dogrose / 5dCgrEUz; ?@ 5dR:g-; `dR^9roz/ n wild rose, growing in hedges, etc ȮǾޱ£¨Éú³¤ÔÚÊ÷Àé¼äµÄҰǾޱ£©. dogsbody / 5dCgzbCdI; ?@ 5dR:g-; `dR^z9bBdI/ n (Brit) person who does boring or unpleasant jobs for others ÇÚÔÓ¹¤. dogwood / 5dCgwUd; ?@ 5dR:g-; `dR^9wJd/ n [U, C] wild flowering shrub ¹·Ä¾£¨Ò°Éú¶à»¨¹àľ£©. doh (also do) / dEU; do/ n (music Òô) (in tonic sol-fa) the first and eighth notes of any major scale £¨Ê×µ÷³ª·¨µÄ£©ÈκδóÒô½×µÚÒ»ÒôºÍµÚ°ËÒô. doily (also doyley, doyly) / 5dRIlI; `dRIlI/ n small ornamental mat of lace, paper, etc placed under a dish or under a cake, etc on a plate £¨¾«Ï¸Ö¯Æ·»òֽƷµÄ£©×°ÊÎÐÔСµæ£¨ÖÃì¶ÅÌ¡¢ µúÏ»ò³ÄÔÚÅÌÖиâµãÏÂÕߣ©. doings / 5du:INz; `duINz/ n (infml ¿Ú) 1 [pl] things done or being done; activities ÒÑ×ö»òÕýÔÚ×öµÄÊÂ; »î¶¯: I've been hearing a lot about your doings. ÎÒ³£Ìýµ½ºÜ¶à¹Øì¶Äã×öµÄÊÂÇé. 2 [C] (pl unchanged ¸´Êý²»±ä) (Brit) thing(s) needed ÐèÒªµÄ¶«Î÷: Where's the doings for mending punctures? ²¹³µÌ¥µÄ¼Ò»ï£¨¹¤¾ß£©ÔÚʲ÷áµØ·½? dol abbr Ëõд = (also symb ·ûºÅΪ$) dollar(s) Ôª; ÃÀÔª. doldrums / 5dCldrEmz; `dBldrEmz/ n 1 the doldrums [pl] parts of the ocean near the equator where there is little or no wind ³àµÀ¸½½üÎÞ·çµÄº£Óò; ³àµÀÎÞ·ç´ø. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) in the `doldrums (a) feeling depressed; in low spirits ¾«Éñ²»Õñ; ÒâÖ¾Ïû³Á; ÎÞ¾«´ò²Ê: He's been in the doldrums ever since she left him. ×Ô´ÓËýÀ뿪ËûÒÔÀ´, ËûÒ»Ö±ºÜÏû³Á. (b) not active or making progress ²»»îÔ¾; ÎÞ½øÕ¹: Despite these measures, the economy remains in the doldrums. ¾¡¹Ü²ÉÈ¡ÁËÕâЩ´ëÊ©, ¾­¼Ã×´¿öÈÔÈ»ºÁÎÞÆðÉ«. dole / dEUl; dol/ v (phr v) dole sth out distribute (esp food, money, etc) in small amounts ÉÙÁ¿·¢·Å£¨ÓÈָʳÎï¡¢ ½ðÇ®µÈ£©: allowances grudgingly doled out to the elderly ÃãÇ¿·¢¸øÀÏÄêÈ˵ÄÉÙÁ¿½òÌù. dole / dEUl; dol/ n the dole [sing] (Brit infml ¿Ú) weekly payment made by the state to unemployed people £¨Õþ¸®Ã¿ÖÜ·¢·ÅµÄ£©Ê§Òµ¾È¼Ã½ð: be/go on the dole, ie register for/receive such payments µÇ¼ÇÁìÈ¡[ÁìÈ¡]ʧҵ¾È¼Ã½ð. doleful / 5dEUlfl; `dolfEl/ adj sad; mournful ±¯É˵Ä; ÁîÈ˾ÚÉ¥µÄ: a doleful face, manner, expression, etc ³îü¿àÁ³¡¢ ´¹Í·É¥ÆøµÄÑù×Ó¡¢ ÓÇÓôµÄ±íÇé. dolefully / -fElI; -fElI/ adv. dolefulness n [U]. doll / dCl; ?@ dR:l; dRl/ n 1 model of a baby or an adult, usu for a child to play with Íæż; Íæ¾ßÍÞÍÞ. 2 (dated sl ¾É, Ùµ esp US) attractive woman ƯÁÁÅ®×Ó: She's quite a doll! ËýÕæÊǸöÃÀÈË! doll's house 1 toy house used for playing with dolls £¨ÓÃÒÔÍæ¶ùÍæżµÄ£©Íæ¾ßСÎÝ. 2 (fig ±ÈÓ÷) very small house ¼«Ð¡µÄ·¿ÎÝ: How do they all cram into that doll's house? ÄÇССµÄ·¿×ÓÔõ÷á¼·µÃÏÂËûÃÇ´ó¼ÒÄØ? doll / dCl; ?@ dR:l; dRl/ v (infml ¿Ú) (phr v) doll sb/oneself up dress sb/oneself in a smart or showy way °ÑijÈË[×Ô¼º]´ò°çµÃƯƯÁÁÁÁ»ò»¨Ö¦ÕÐÕ¹: I'm going to get dolled up for the party. ÎÒÂíÉϺúôò°çÒ»ÏÂÈ¥²Î¼Ó¾Û»á. dollar / 5dClE(r); `dBlL/ n 1 [C] (symb ·ûºÅΪ$) unit of money in the US, Canada, Australia, etc Ôª£¨ÃÀ¹ú¡¢ ¼ÓÄÃ´ó¡¢ °Ä´óÀûÑǵȹúµÄ»õ±Òµ¥Î»£©: Oil from these fields is priced in dollars. ÕâЩÓÍÌï²úµÄÓÍÒÔÃÀÔª¶¨¼Û. 2 [C] banknote or coin worth one dollar Ò»ÔªµÄÖ½±Ò»òÓ²±Ò: Have you got any dollars? Äã´øÖøÇ®ÄØÂð? =>App 4 ¼û¸½Â¼4. 3 the dollar [sing] (finance ²Æ) value of the US dollar on international money markets ¹ú¼Ê½ðÈÚÊг¡µÄÃÀÔª¼Û¸ñ: The dollar closed two cents down. ÊÕÊÐʱһÃÀԪϽµÁ˶þÃÀ·Ö. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) bet one's bottom dollar => bet. (feel, look, etc) like a million dollars (infml ¿Ú) very fit, healthy, beautiful, etc ÉíÌåºÜºÃ; ·Ç³£½¡¿µ; Ê®·ÖƯÁÁ. a/the sixty-four thousand dollar `question important question that is very difficult to answer ºÜÄѻشðµÄÖØ´óÎÊÌâ: Will we all survive until the year 2000? That's the sixty-four thousand dollar question. ÎÒÃÇ´ó¼ÒÊÇ·ñ¶¼Äܻ¹«Ôª2000Äê? Õâ¸öÎÊÌâºÜÄѻشð. dollop / 5dClEp; `dBlEp/ n (infml ¿Ú) shapeless lump of sth soft, esp food £¨Èí¶ø²»³ÉÐεģ©Ò»ÍÅ, Ò»¿é£¨ÓÈָʳÎ: a dollop of cream, jam, mashed potato, etc Ò»ÍÅÄÌÓÍ¡¢ ¹û½´¡¢ ÍÁ¶¹ÄàµÈ. dolly / 5dClI; ?@ 5dR:lI; `dRlI/ n 1 (child's word for a) doll £¨¶ùÓÑóÍÞÍÞ. 2 (cinema Ó°) movable support for a cine or television camera ÉãÓ°»úÒƶ¯³µ. dolly-bird (also dolly) n (dated Brit infml sexist ¾É, ¿Ú, ÐÔ±ðÆ«¼û) pretty, fashionably dressed girl who is not thought of as very intelligent ƯÁÁ¡¢ ʱ÷ÖÈ´²»´ó´ÏÃ÷µÄ¹ÃÄï. dolmen / dClmen; `dBlmZn/ n = cromlech. dolorous / 5dClErEs; ?@ 5dEUlErEs; `dolErEs/ adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] (fml ÎÄ) sorrowful °§É˵Ä; ±¯Í´µÄ. dolour (US dolor) / 5dClE(r); ?@ 5dEUlEr; `dolL/ n [U, C] (arch ¹Å) grief or sorrow °§ÉË; ±¯Í´. dolphin / 5dClfIn; `dBlfIn/ n mammal that looks like a large fish and lives in the sea º£ëà. Cf ²Î¿´ porpoise. dolt / dEUlt; dolt/ n (derog ±á) stupid person ´ÀÈË; ±¿µ°; ɵ¹Ï. doltish adj stupid ÓÞ´ÀµÄ; ÓÞ±¿µÄ. -dom suff áá׺ 1 (with vs and adjs forming ns Ó붯´ÊºÍÐÎÈݴʽáºÏ¹¹³ÉÃû´Ê) condition or state of ...µÄ×´¿ö»òµØλ: boredom * freedom. 2 (with ns ÓëÃû´Ê½áºÏ) (a) rank or domain of ...µÄְλ¡¢ ¼¶±ð¡¢ µØλ»òÁìÓò: dukedom * kingdom. (b) group of ...µÄȺÌå: officialdom. domain / dEU5meIn; do`men/ n 1 lands owned or ruled by a nobleman, government, etc £¨¹ó×å¡¢ Õþ¸®µÈµÄ£©Áì µØ, ÁìÍÁ: trespass on the King's domain ˽´³¹úÍõÁìµØ * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) The kitchen is my wife's domain; she doesn't like me going into it. ³ø·¿ÊÇÎÒÆÞ×ÓµÄÁìµØ, Ëý²»Ô¸ÒâÈÃÎÒ½øÈ¥. 2 field of thought, knowledge or activity £¨Ë¼Ïë¡¢ ֪ʶ»ò»î¶¯µÄ£©ÁìÓò, ·¶Î§, ·¶³ë: (in) the domain of political science £¨ÔÚ£©ÕþÖÎѧÁìÓò£¨ÄÚ£© * Military history is really outside my domain. ÎÒ¶Ô¾üÊÂʷʵÔÚÒ»Çϲ»Í¨. dome / dEUm; dom/ n 1 rounded roof with a circular base ñ·¶¥; Ô²Îݶ¥: the dome of St Paul's cathedral Ê¥±£ÂÞ´ó½ÌÌõÄñ·¶¥. 2 thing shaped like this Ô²¶¥ÐÎÎï; ñ·ÐÎÎï: the dome of a hill, the night sky, a bald head ɽ°ü¡¢ ºÚÒ¹µÄÌìñ·¡¢ ¹âͺµÄÍ·¶¥. domed adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] having or shaped like a dome ÓÐñ·¶¥µÄ; Ô²¶¥ÐεÄ: a domed forehead ¡ÆðµÄÇ°¶î. Domesday Book / 5du:mzdeI bUk; `dumzde9bJk/ the Domesday Book record of the ownership, value etc of lands in England, made in 1086 by order of William the Conqueror µØ¼®²¾£¨1086ÄêÓ¢ÍõÍþÁ®Ò»ÊÀÇÕ¶¨µÄµØ²úÇå²á£©. domestic / dE5mestIk; dE`mZstIk/ adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] 1 of the home, household or family ¼ÒÍ¥µÄ; ¼ÒÎñµÄ: domestic water, gas, etc supplies ¼ÒÍ¥ÓÃË®¡¢ ÓÃÆøµÈµÄ¹©Ó¦ * a domestic help, ie a servant, esp a cleaner Ó¶ÈË£¨ÓÈÖ¸Çå½à¹¤£© * domestic bliss, unrest, upheavals, etc ¼ÒÍ¥µÄ»¶ÀÖ¡¢ ²»Äþ¡¢ ¾ç±äµÈ * She's very domestic, ie prefers home life to going out, or is good at and likes cooking, housework, etc. Ëý·Ç³£Ï²»¶¼ÒÍ¥Éú»î£¨Éî¾Ó¼ò³ö»òÉÆì¶Åëâ¿¡¢ ×ö¼ÒÎñµÈ£©. 2 of or inside a particular country, not foreign or international ±¾¹úµÄ; ¹úÄÚµÄ: domestic trade, exports, production, etc ¹úÄÚóÒס¢ ±¾²ú³ö¿Ú¡¢ ±¾µØ²úÆ· * domestic flights, ie to and from places within a country ¹úÄÚ°à»ú. 3 (of animals) kept on farms or as pets; not wild £¨Ö¸¶¯ÎѱÑøµÄ, ×÷³èÎïËÇÑøµÄ, ·ÇÒ°ÉúµÄ. domestic n household servant, esp a cleaner ÆÍÈË, Ó¶ÈË£¨ÓÈÖ¸Çå½à¹¤£©. domestically / -klI; -klI/ adv. domestic science = home economics (home). domesticate / dE5mestIkeIt; dE`mZstE9ket/ v [Tn esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] 1 make (sb) used to or fond of housework and home life ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©Ï°¹ß춻òϲ°®¼ÒÎñºÍ¼ÒÍ¥Éú»î: He's become a lot more domesticated since his marriage. Ëû»éááÒѷdz£Áµ¼ÒÁË. 2 tame (ananimal) ѱÑø£¨¶¯Î. domestication / dE9mestI5keIFn; dE9mZstE`keFEn/ n [U]. domesticity / 9dEUme5stIsEtI, 9dCm-; 9domZs`tIsEtI, 9dBm-/ n [U] home or family life ¼ÒÍ¥Éú»î: a scene of cosy domesticity ÏÐÊʵļÒÍ¥Éú»î¾°Ïó. domicile / 5dCmIsBIl; `dBmEsl/ n (fml or law ÎÄ»òÂÉ) a person's place of residence, esp as officially established for purposes of taxation, etc ס´¦, סËù£¨ÓÈÖ¸Õýʽסַ, ¾Ý´ËÂÄÐÐÄÉË°µÈ·¨ÂÉÒåÎñÕߣ©. domiciled adj [pred ×÷±íÓï] having one's domicile in a place Óй̶¨×¡Ëù: be domiciled in Britain, London, etc ÔÚÓ¢¹ú¡¢ Â׶صÈÓй̶¨×¡Ëù. domiciliary / 9dCmI5sIlIErI; ?@ 9dCmI5sIlIerI; 9dBmE`sIlI-9ZrI/ adj [pred ×÷±íÓï] (fml ÎÄ) of, to or at sb's home סËùµÄ; Ïòס´¦; ÔÚ¼ÒÖÐ: a domiciliary visit, eg by a doctor or priest ¼Ò·Ã£¨ÈçÒ½Éú¡¢ ÄÁʦµÈËù½øÐеģ©. dominant / 5dCmInEnt; `dBmEnEnt/ adj 1 ~ (in sth) most important or prominent; dominating ×îÖØÒªµÄ; ×îÍ»³öµÄ; Õ¼Ö§ÅäµØλµÄ: She's the dominant child in the group. ËýÊÇÕâһȺº¢×ÓÖеĺ¢×ÓÍ·. * the dominant flavour in a dish Ò»·Ý²ËëȵÄÖ÷ÒªÏãζ * The castle stands in a dominant position above the town. ¹Å±¤ËÊÁ¢ÔÚÊÐÕòÖÐÒ»¸ö¸ß´¦. 2 (biology Éú) (of an inherited characteristic) appearing in offspring even when a genetically opposing characteristic is also inherited £¨Ö¸ÒÅ´«ÌØá磩ÏÔÐÔµÄ, ÓÅÊƵÄ. Cf ²Î¿´ recessive. dominance / -nEns; -nEns/ n [U]: the absolute dominance of the governing party Ö´Õþµ³µÄ¾ø¶ÔÓÅÊÆ. dominant / 5dCmInEnt; `dBmEnEnt/ n 1 (music Òô) fifth note of a scale; chord or key based on this Òô½×µÄµÚÎåÒô; ÊôÒôºÍÏÒ; ÊôÒô. 2 (biology Éú) dominant gene ÏÔÐÔ»ùÒò. dominate / 5dCmIneIt; `dBmE9net/ v 1 [I, Tn] (a) have control of or a very strong influence on (people, events, etc) Ö§Åä, ͳÖÎ, ¿ØÖÆ, Ó°Ï죨ÈË¡¢ ʵȣ©: He has authority, but he doesn't try to dominate (others). ËûÓÐȨÍþ, µ«²¢²»Ïë¿ØÖƱðÈË. * She dominated the meeting by sheer force of character. Ëýµ¥Æ¾¸öÈËÆøÊƾÍÕòסÁ˻᳡. (b) be the most obvious or important person or thing in (sth) ÔÚ£¨Ä³ÊÂÎÖд¦ì¶ÓÅÊÆ»òÕ¼ÉÏ·ç; Õ¼×îÖØÒªµØλ: Price tends to dominate all other considerations. Ê×ÏÈ¿¼ÂǵÄÍùÍùÊǼ۸ñÎÊÌâ. * My weekend was dominated by housework. ÎÒµÄÖÜÄ©È«ÓÃÔÚ×ö¼ÒÎñÉÏÁË. 2 [Tn] (of a high place) overlook (sth) £¨Ö¸¸ß´¦£©¸ß춣¨Ä³Î: The Acropolis dominates the city of Athens. ÑŵäµÄÎÀ³Ç¸ßËÊì¶ÑŵäÈ«³ÇÖ®ÉÏ. > domination/ 9dCmI5neIFn; 9dBmE`neFEn/ n [U]: His defeat ended American domination of the sport. ËûµÄʧÀû½áÊøÁËÃÀ¹úÔÚ¸ÃÏîÔ˶¯ÖгưԵĵØλ. * under foreign domination ÔÚÍâ¹úͳÖÎÏÂ. domineer / 9dCmI5nIE(r); 9dBmE`nIr/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (over sb) (derog ±á) try to make sb do exactly what one wants by ordering him about, regardless of what he wants to do ¶ÔijÈË·¢ºÅÊ©Áî; רºá°Ïìè: He domineered, and the rest of us hated it. ËûÐÐÊÂרºá, ÎÒÃÇ´ó¼Ò¶¼ÌÖÑáËûÕâÖÖ×÷·ç. domineering / 9dCmI5nIErIN; 9dBmI`nIrIN/ adj wanting to control others; overbearing רºáµÄ; °ÏìèµÄ: a domineering husband, manner, personality רºáµÄÕÉ·ò¡¢ ×÷·ç¡¢ ¸öÐÔ. domineeringly adv. Dominican / dE5mInIkEn; dE`mInIkEn/ adj of the religious Order of Preachers founded by St Dominic, also called the Black Friars ¶àÃ÷ÎÒ»áµÄ£¨¶àÃ÷ÎÒ»áΪʥ¶àÃ÷ÎÒ´´½¨µÄ²¼µÀÐֵܻá, Ë׳ƺÚÒÂÐֵܻᣩ. Dominican n priest, brother or nun in this order ¶àÃ÷ÎÒ»áÉñ¸¦¡¢ ÐÞÊ¿»òÐÞÅ®. dominion / dE5mInIEn; dE`mInjEn/ n 1 [U] ~ (over sb/sth) (fml ÎÄ) authority to rule; effective control ͳÖÎ; ¹ÜϽ: under foreign dominion ÔÚÍâ¹úͳÖÎÏ * have/be given dominion over peoples, lives, etc ¾ßÓÐ[±»ÊÚÓè]ͳÖθ÷Ãñ×å¡¢ ÉúɱÓè¶áµÈµÄȨÁ¦. 2 [C] area controlled by one government or ruler ÁìÍÁ; °æͼ: the vast dominions of the Chinese Empire ÖлªµÛ¹ú¹ãÀ«µÄ°æͼ. 3 (often ³£×÷ Dominion) [C] (formerly) any of the self-governing territories of the British Commonwealth £¨¾Éʱ£©Ó¢Áª°îµÄ×ÔÖÎÁìÖ®Ò». domino / 5dCmInEU; `dBmE9no/ n (pl ~es) (a) [C] small flat oblong block marked on one side with two groups of dots, used in the game of dominoes ¶àÃ×ŵ¹ÇÅÆ. (b) dominoes [sing v] game played with a set of 28 dominoes 28ÕÅÒ»Ì׵ĶàÃ×ŵ¹ÇÅÆÏ·. domino effect effect of one (esp political) event in one place making similar events happen one after the other elsewhere ¶àÃ×ŵЧӦ£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÕþÖη½Ã棩: Employers fear a domino effect if the strike is successful, ie that there will be many other strikes as a result. ¹ÍÖ÷Ãǵ£ÐÄÒ»µ©°Õ¹¤Ê¤Àû¾Í»áÒýÆð¶àÃ×ŵЧӦ. =>illus ¼û²åͼ. don / dCn; dBn/ n 1 (Brit) teacher at a university, esp at an Oxford or a Cambridge college ´óѧ½Ìʦ£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÔÚÅ£½ò´óѧ»ò½£ÇÅ´óѧÈνÌÕߣ©. 2 title used before a man's Christian name in Spanish-speaking countries ÏÈÉú£¨Î÷°àÑÀÓï¹ú¼Ò¶ÔÄÐ×ÓµÄ×ð³Æ, ÓÃ춽ÌÃûÇ°£©: Don Felipe ÌÆ¡¤·ÆÁ¦ÆÖ. donnish / 5dCnIF; `dBnIF/ adj (esp Brit) like (that of) a university don, who is usu considered to be clever, but unrealistic, forgetful, etc Ïñ´óѧ½ÌʦËƵÄ, ѧ¾¿Ê½µÄ£¨Í¨³£Ö¸´ÏÃ÷¶ø²»ÏÖʵ¡¢ ½¡ÍüµÈ£©: a donnish remark, manner, sense of humour ѧ¾¿Ê½µÄÑÔÓï¡¢ ÒÇ̬¡¢ ÓÄĬ¸Ð. don / dCn; dBn/ v (-nn-) [Tn] (fml ÎÄ) put on (clothes, etc) ´©ÉÏ, ÅûÉÏ, ´÷ÉÏ£¨ÒÂÎïµÈ£©: (fig ±ÈÓ÷) He quickly donned a welcoming smile as his guests arrived. ¿ÍÈËÒ»µ½, ËûÁ¢¿ÌЦÁ³ÏàÓ­. Cf ²Î¿´ doff. Don Juan / 9dCn 5dVu:En; dBn`dVuEn/ n (infml ¿Ú) man who has great sexual success with women ÌÆè«; ÉõµÃÅ®×Ó»¶ÐĵÄÄÐ×Ó: Despite his looks he's said to be something of a Don Juan. ¾¡¹ÜËûÆäò²»Ñï, µ«¾Ý˵ÊǸöºÜµÃÅ®ÈË»¶ÐĵķçÁ÷µ´×Ó. Don Quixote / 9dCn 5kwIksEt; 9dBn `kwIksEt/ n person with high but completely unrealistic ideals; impractical dreamer ÌƼªÚ­µÂ£¨ÍêÈ«²»ÇÐʵ¼ÊµÄÀíÏëÖ÷ÒåÕߣ©; ÃÎÏëÕß. Cf ²Î¿´ quixotic. don't => do. don't => do. do's and don'ts => do3 3. donate / dEU5neIt; ?@ 5dEUneIt; `donet/ v [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) give (money, goods, etc), esp to a charity; contribute sth ¾èÔù, ÔùËÍ£¨²ÆÎïµÈ£©£¨ÓÈÖ¸¶Ô´ÈÉÆÊÂÒµ£©: donate large sums to relief organizations Ïò¾È¼Ã×éÖ¯¾èÔù¾Þ¿î. donation / dEU5neIFn; do`neFEn/ n (a) [C] thing donated ¾èÔùÎï: a donation to/for Amnesty International ¸ø´óÉâ¹ú¼ÊµÄ¾è¿î. (b) [U] donating or being donated ¾èÔù; ÔùËÍ. done pp of do. done / dQn; dQn/ adj [pred ×÷±íÓï] 1 (of food) cooked enough £¨Ö¸Ê³ÎÖóÊì: The joint isn't quite done yet. ÕâÒ»´ó¿éÈâÖóµÃ²»Ì«Êì. 2 (infml ¿Ú) socially acceptable Éç»áÉÏÈÏ¿É: Smoking between courses simply isn't done. ³Ô·¹Ê±ÔÚÁ½µÀ²ËÖ®¼äÎüÑÌÊDz»µÃÌåµÄ. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) be the done thing be conventional or acceptable behaviour ·ûºÏ´«Í³µÄ»ò¿ÉÒÔÈÝÐíµÄÐÐΪ: For most people it is still the done thing to get married. ¶Ô춴ó¶àÊýÈËÀ´Ëµ, ½á»éÈÔÈ»ÊÇÌì¾­µØÒåµÄÊÂ. be/have done with sb/sth no longer work at sth or be involved with sb/sth ²»ÔÙ×öijÊÂÎï; ÓëijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]ÔÙÎÞ¹Øϵ: Let's spend another half an hour painting and then have done with it. ÎÒÃÇÔÙ»­°ë¸öСʱ°ÑËü»­Íê°É. over and done with completely finished Íê½á; Á˽á; ½áÊø: Their relationship is over and done with. ËûÃǵĹØϵÍêÈ«¶Ï¾øÁË. what is done cannot be undone (saying Ñè) something that has already been done cannot be changed Òѳɶ¨¾Ö, ÎÞ·¨¸Ä±ä; ľÒѳÉÖÛ. done interj (used to show that one accepts an offer ÓÃÒÔ±íʾ½ÓÊÜÒ»½¨Òé): `I'll give you 500 for the car.' `Done!' £àÕâÁ¾Æû³µ, ÎÒ¸øÄã500Ó¢°÷.£§£à˵¶¨ÁË!£§ donjon / 5dCndVEn; `dBndVEn/ n large, strongly fortified central tower of a medieval castle ÖÐÊÀ¼Í³Ç±¤Öо޴ó¶ø¼á¹ÌµÄÖ÷Ëþ. donkey / 5dCNkI; `dBNkI/ n (pl ~s) 1 animal of the horse family, with short legs and long ears ¿. 2 stupid or stubborn person ÓÞ´À»ò¹ÌÖ´µÄÈË: He's an absolute donkey. ËûÊǸöÊ®×ãµÄ´À¿. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) `donkey's years (Brit infml ¿Ú) a very long time ºÜ³¤µÄʱ¼ä; ºÜ¾Ã; ºïÄêÂíÔÂ: It's donkey's years since we've seen each other. ÎÒÃÇÓÐÄêÍ·¶ùû¼ûÃæÁË. * The new motorway won't be ready for donkey's years. ÒªÐÞºÃиßËÙ¹«Â·, Äǵõȵ½ºïÄêÂíÔÂÁË. talk the hind legs off a donkey => talk2. donkey engine small extra engine, esp on a ship's deck СÐ͸¨Öú·¢¶¯»ú£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÖÃ춼װåÉÏÕߣ©. donkey jacket workman's thick weatherproof jacket £¨¹¤ÈË´©µÄºñ¶ø¶ÌµÄ£©·çÓêÒÂ. donkey-work n [U] hard dull part of a job; drudgery ·¦Î¶¶ø¿àµÄ¹¤×÷; ¿à»î¶ù: Typical we do the donkey-work and he takes the credit! ÖØ»îÎÒÃǸÉ, ¹¦À͹éËûµÃ--Ò»ÏòÈç´Ë! prima donna / 9pri:mE 5dCnE; 9primE `dBnE/ 1 leading woman singer in (an) opera ¸è¾çÖе£ÈÎÖ÷½ÇµÄÅ®ÑÝÔ±. 2 (derog ±á) person who easily gets into a bad temper when others do not do as he wants, when his idea of his own importance is challenged, etc £¨ÒòÆøÁ¿ÏÁС¡¢ Íý×Ô×ð´óµÈ£©°®·¢Æ¢ÆøµÄÈË. donor / 5dEUnE(r); `donL/ n 1 person who gives or donates sth ¾èÔùÕß; ÔùËÍÕß. 2 (medical Ò½) person who provides blood for transfusion, organs for transplantation, etc ¾èѪÕß; ¾èÏ×Æ÷¹ÙÕß: a blood donor Ï×ѪÕß * The heart transplant will take place as soon as a suitable donor can be found. Ò»µ©ÕÒµ½ÊÊÒ˾èÏ×ÐÄÔàµÄÈË, ¼´¿É½øÐÐÒÆÖ²ÊÖÊõ. * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] donor organs ¾èÏ×µÄÆ÷¹Ù. doodle / 5du:dl; `dudl/ v [I, Ipr] make meaningless drawings, scribbles etc, while one is or should be thinking about sth else £¨µ±¾«Éñ²»¼¯ÖÐì¶Ä³ÊÂʱ£©ºúд, ÂÒ»­: Stop doodling on my notebook! ±ðÔÚÎҵıʼDZ¾ÉÏÂÒ»­! doodle n: a page covered in doodles ºúдÂÒ»­µÄÒ»Ò³. doom / du:m; dum/ n [U] 1 (rhet ÐÞ´Ç) death or ruin; any terrible and inevitable fate ËÀÍö; »ÙÃð; ½ÙÊý; ¶òÔË: meet/go to one's doom ËÀÍö * send a man to his doom ʹijÈËÏÝÈë¾ø¾³. 2 = doomsday. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) the crack of doom => crack1. a prophet of doom => prophet. doom / du:m; dum/ v [esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬: Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb (to sth) condemn sb (to death, destruction, failure, etc) ×¢¶¨Ä³ÈË£¨ËÀÍö¡¢ »ÙÃ𡢠ʧ°ÜµÈ£©: The plan was doomed from the start. ÄǼƻ®´ÓÒ»¿ªÊ¼¾Í×¢¶¨ÒªÊ§°Ü. * Are whales doomed to extinction? ¾¨ÓãÊÇ·ñ×¢¶¨Òª¾øÖÖ? * We loathe each other, yet we seem doomed constantly to meet. ÎÒÃÇÏ໥Ñá¶ñ, µ«ËƺõÆ«Æ«Ô©¼Ò³£ÅöÍ·. doomsday / 5du:mzdeI; `dumz9de/ n [U] 1 day of the Last Judgement; the end of the world ×îááÉóÅÐÈÕ; ÊÀ½çÄ©ÈÕ. Cf ²Î¿´ Domesday Book. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) till `doomsday for ever; a long time ÓÀÔ¶; ºÜ³¤Ê±¼ä: This work will take me till doomsday. Õ⹤×÷Òª»¨ÎÒÒ»±²×ÓµÄʱ¼ä. door / dR:(r); dRr/ n 1 (a) movable barrier that closes the entrance to a building, room, cupboard, car, etc ÃÅ: hinged/sliding/revolving doors ÓнÂÁ´µÄÃÅ[À­ÃÅ/ÐýתÃÅ] * hammer on the door ÅéÅéµØÇÃÃÅ * open, shut, close, lock, bolt the door ¿ª¡¢ ¹Ø¡¢ ±Õ¡¢ Ëø¡¢ ˨ÃÅ * the front/back door, ie main door at the front/back of a house Ç°[áá]ÃÅ * a four-door saloon car ËÄÃŽγµ. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, pages vi, xii. (b) = doorway. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) at death's door => death. behind closed doors => close4. by/through the back door => back2. darken sb's door => darken. (from) ,door to `door (from) house to house ´ÓÒ»¼ÒÃÅ¿Úµ½ÁíÒ»¼ÒÃÅ¿Ú: The journey takes about an hour, door to door. ´ÓÕâ¼Òµ½ÄǼҵÄ·³ÌÒªÓÃһСʱ. * He went from door to door, selling encyclopaedias. ËûÖðÃÅÖð»§È¥ÍÆÏú°Ù¿ÆÈ«Êé. * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a ,door-to-door `salesman °¤»§ÍÆÏúµÄÊÛ»õÔ±. the door to sth the means of getting or reaching sth »ñµÃ»ò´ïµ½Ä³ÊÂÎïµÄÃÅ·»òÊÖ¶Î: Our courses are the door to success in English. ÎÒÃǵĿγÌÊÇѧϰӢÓïµÄ³É¹¦Ö®Â·. a foot in the door => foot1. keep the wolf from the door => wolf. lay sth at sb's `door say that sb is responsible for sth that has gone wrong ¹é¾Ìì¶Ä³ÈË: The blame for the disaster has been laid firmly at the company's door. Õⳡ´ó»ö×ïÔðÈ«ÔÚ¹«Ë¾. leave the door open => leave1. lie at sb's door => lie2. lock, etc the stable door after the horse has bolted => stable2. next `door (to sb/sth) in the next building, room, etc ÁÚ¾Ó; ¸ô±Ú; ÁÚÊÒ: go next door to borrow some milk µ½ÁÚ¾Ó¼Ò½èµãÅ£ÄÌ * They live next door to the library. ËûÃÇסÔÚͼÊé¹Ý¸ô±Ú. next door to nearly; almost ¼¸ºõ; ½üºõ; ²î²»¶à: I'm afraid it's next door to impossible that we'll be there on time. ¿´À´ÎÒÃǼ¸ºõ²»¿ÉÄÜ°´Ê±µ½´ïÄÇÀïÁË. (be) on the `door (infml ¿Ú) (at a public meeting, concert, etc) (stand) at the door, eg to collect tickets, give directions, etc £¨Îª¹«ÖÚ¼¯»á¡¢ ÒôÀÖ»áµÈ£©°ÑÃÅ£¨ÈçÊÕƱ¡¢ Ö¸Òý·½ÏòµÈ£©. out of `doors in the open air ÔÚ»§Íâ; ÔÚ¶Ìì: eat, sleep, walk, etc out of doors ÔÚ»§Íâ³Ô¡¢ ˯¡¢ É¢²½µÈ. show sb the door; show sb to the door => show2. shut/slam the door in sb's face refuse to talk to or have any dealing with sb ¾Ü¾øÓëijÈË̸»°; ¾Ü¾øÓëijÈË´ò½»µÀ. shut the door on sth => shut. two, three, etc doors a`long/ a`way/ `down in the next house but one, two, etc ÔÚµÚ¶þ¡¢ µÚÈý...¼Ò: Our other branch is just a few doors down the road. ÑØÕâÌõ·ÔÙ×ß¼¸¼Ò¾ÍÊÇÎÒÃǵÄÁíÒ»¸ö·Öµê. doorbell n bell inside a building that can be rung by visitors outside ÃÅÁå. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page vi. door-frame n frame into which a door fits ÃÅ¿ò. door-handle n handle that opens and closes a door (by releasing a latch) ÃŰѶù; ÃÅÀ­ÊÖ. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page xii. door-keeper n = doorman. doorknob n round knob turned to open a door ÇòÐÎÃÅÀ­ÊÖ. door-knocker n = knocker. doorman / -mEn; -mEn/ n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/) (US) = porter2: Leave a message with the doorman. ¸ø¿´ÃÅÈËÁô¸ö»°. doormat n 1 mat placed near a door, for wiping dirt from one's shoes £¨ÖÃì¶ÃÅÇ°µÄ£©²äЬµæ. 2 (fig infml ±ÈÓ÷, ¿Ú) person who allows others to treat him without respect ÄæÀ´Ë³ÊܵÄÈË: Stand up for yourself a bit don't be such a doormat! ³¤µã¹ÇÆø°É--±ðÀÏÕâ÷áÈÌÖøÈÎÈ˼ṳ̀! doornail n (idm Ï°Óï) dead as a doornail => dead. door-plate n metal plate on a door showing the name of the person living or working in the room or building ÃÅÅÆ; »§ÃûÅÆ. doorpost n (idm Ï°Óï) deaf as a post/doorpost => deaf. doorstep n 1 step leading up to (usu) an outside door ÃŽ×: empty milk bottles on the doorstep ·ÅÔÚÃŽ×ÉϵĿÕÅ£ÄÌÆ¿. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page vi. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) on one's `doorstep very near ºÜ½ü: In our holiday villas you'll have both the beach and the mountains on your doorstep. ÎÒÃǵĶȼٱðÊûÀ뺣̲ºÍɽ¶¼ºÜ½ü. doorstop n device to prevent a door from closing or from hitting a wall, etc when it is opened ÖÆÃÅÆ÷£¨·ÀÖ¹ÃŹرյÄ×°Öã©; ÃÅÅöÍ·£¨·ÀÖ¹ÃÅÅöǽµÄ×°Öã©. doorway n opening, filled by a door, into a building, room, car, etc ÃÅ¿Ú: in the doorway ÔÚÃÅ¿Ú. dope / dEUp; dop/ n 1 [U] (sl Ùµ) (a) harmful drug (eg hashish); narcotic ¶¾Æ·£¨Èç´óÂ飩; Âé×í¼Á: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a dope-addict Îü¶¾³Éñ«Õß. (b) medicine, esp a sedative drug Ò©; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©Õò¾²¼Á. 2 [C] (infml ¿Ú) stupid person ±¿µ°; ´À»õ: You've got the picture upside-down, you dope! Äã°Ñ»­¹Òµ¹ÁË, ÄãÕⱿµ°! 3 [U] ~ (on sb/sth) (sl Ùµ) facts not generally known that are provided by a well-informed person ÄÚÄ»ÏûÏ¢; ÏûÏ¢ÁéͨÕß͸¶µÄÏûÏ¢: I want the dope on his criminal connections. ÎÒÏëÖªµÀËû˽ͨµÄÄÚÇé. 4 [U] thick liquid used as a lubricant, varnish, etc £¨Èó»¬ÓÍ¡¢ Í¿Áϵȣ©ð¤³íÒºÌå. dope v [Tn] (a) give a narcotic or stimulant drug to (esp a race-horse, an athlete, etc) ¸ø£¨ÓÈÖ¸²ÎÈüµÄÂí¡¢ Ô˶¯Ô±µÈ£©Ê¹ÓÃÂé×íÆ·»òÐ˷ܼÁ. (b) add a drug to (food, drink, etc) ÔÚ£¨Ê³Îï¡¢ ÒûÁϵÈÖУ©¼ÓÂé×í¼Á. dopey (also dopy) / 5dEUpI; `dopI/ adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (infml ¿Ú) dazed or sleepy, as if drugged »è³ÁÓû˯µÄ; ËÆÊܵ½Âé×íµÄ: I'm feeling really dopey this morning. ½ñÌìÉÏÎçÎÒÒ»Ö±»è»è³Á³ÁµÄ. 2 (sl Ùµ) stupid ÓÞ´ÀµÄ; ³Ù¶ÛµÄ. Doric / 5dCrIk; ?@ 5dR:r-; `dRrIk/ adj (architecture ½¨) of the oldest and simplest of the five orders of classical Greek architecture ¶àÀû˹ʽµÄ£¨¹ÅÏ£À°½¨ÖþÎåÖÖÖùʽÖÐ×î¹ÅÀÏ¡¢ ×î¼òµ¥Õߣ©. Cf ²Î¿´ Corinthian 2, Ionic. dorm / dR:m; dRrm/ n (infml ¿Ú) dormitory ËÞÉá. dormant / 5dR:mEnt; `dRrmEnt/ adj temporarily inactive ÔÝʱ²»»î¶¯µÄ; ÐÝÃßµÄ; ÕÝ·üµÄ: a dormant volcano, ie neither extinct nor erupting ÐÝ»ðɽ * Many plants lie dormant throughout the winter, ie alive but not growing. Ðí¶àÖ²ÎﶬÌì³ÊÐÝÃß״̬. * As soon as they met again his dormant love for her was rekindled. ËûÃÇÒ»¼ûÃæ, Ëû¶ÔËýµÄ¾ÉÇéÈçǬ²ñÁÒ»ð°ãÓÖÖØÐÂȼÆð. dormer / 5dR:mE(r); `dRrmL/ (also ,dormer-`window) n upright window built in a sloping roof £¨½¨ì¶Ð±Îݶ¥Éϵģ©Ìì´°, ÀÏ»¢´°. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page vii. dormitory / 5dR:mItrI; ?@ -tR:rI; `dRrmE9tRrI/ n 1 sleeping-room with a number of beds, esp in a school or some other institution ËÞÉá. 2 (US) building at a college, university, etc containing students' rooms for living and sleeping £¨´óѧµÈµÄ£©Ñ§ÉúËÞÉá. dormitory town (Brit) town from which people travel to work elsewhere ½¼ÍâסլÇø. dormouse / 5dR:mBUs; `dRr9maJs/ n (pl dormice/ 5dR:maIs; `dRr9maIs/) small animal like a mouse with a furry tail é»Ë¯Êó. dorsal / 5dR:sl; `dRrsl/ adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] (anatomy ½â) of or on the back of an animal or a plant £¨¶¯Ö²ÎïµÄ£©±³²¿µÄ, ±³²àµÄ, ±³ÉϵÄ: the dorsal fin, eg of a shark ±³÷¢£¨ÈçöèÓãµÄ£©. =>illus at fish ¼ûfishÖ®²åͼ. Cf ²Î¿´ ventral. dory / 5dR:rI; `dRrI/ n (US) light flat-bottomed rowing boat used by fishermen off the Atlantic coast of the US £¨ÃÀ¹ú¶«º£°¶ÓæÃñÓõģ©ÇáÐÍƽµ×»®Í§. dory n [C, U] (also ,John `Dory) type of edible seafish º£öÐ. dosage / 5dEUsIdV; `dosIdV/ n (usu sing ͨ³£×÷µ¥Êý) amount of medicine to be taken at a time or over a period £¨Ò©ÎïÒ»´Î»òÒ»½×¶ÎµÄ£©¼ÁÁ¿: Do not exceed the recommended dosage. ²»Òª³¬¹ý¹æ¶¨µÄ¼ÁÁ¿. dose / dEUs; dos/ n 1 amount of medicine to be taken at one time Ò»´Î¼ÁÁ¿; Ò»¼Á; Ò»·þ: give/administer the correct dose ¸ø¹æ¶¨µÄ¼ÁÁ¿. 2 amount of radiation received by sb/sth at one time £¨Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]½ÓÊÜ·ÅÉäÏߵģ©Ò»´Î¼ÁÁ¿: a lethal dose of radiation ÖÂËÀµÄ·øÉäÁ¿. 3 (fig infml ±ÈÓ÷, ¿Ú) (a) any experience of sth unpleasant ²»Óä¿ìµÄ¾­Àú: a dose of 'flu, boring conversation, bad weather Ò»´ÎÁ÷¸Ð¡¢ ÁîÈËÑá¾ëµÄ̸»°¡¢ ¶ñÁÓµÄÌìÆø * I can only stand her in small doses, ie for a short time. ÎÒ¶ÔËýÖ»ÄÜÈÌÈÃƬ¿Ì. (b) any experience of sth enjoyable Óä¿ìµÄ¾­Àú: What you need is a good dose of laughter. ÄãÐèÒªµÄÊÇ´óЦһ³¡. 4 (sl Ùµ) venereal infection ÐÔ²¡; »¨Áø²¡: give sb/catch a dose °Ñ»¨Áø²¡´«È¾¸øijÈË[ȾÉÏ»¨Áø²¡]. 5 (idm Ï°Óï) like a dose of `salts (sl Ùµ) very fast ºÜ¿ì; Ò»ÏÂ×Ó: He gets through his pay like a dose of salts, and by Monday he's broke. Ò»·¢¹¤×Ê, Ëû¾ÍºÜ¿ì»¨¸ö¾«¹â, µ½ÁËÐÇÆÚÒ»±ãÉíÎÞ·ÖÎÄÁË. dose v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (with sth) give sb/oneself a dose (of sth) ¸øijÈË[×Ô¼º]Ò»¶¨¼ÁÁ¿µÄÒ©: heavily dosed with pain-killing drugs ´ó¼ÁÁ¿µØʹÓÃÁËֹʹҩ. doss / dCs; dBs/ v (phr v) doss down (Brit sl Ùµ) lie down to sleep, esp when one has not got a proper bed ´ÕºÏÌÉÏÂ˯¾õ, ½«¾Í¹ýÒ¹£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÎÞÊʵ±µÄ´²£©: We dossed down on Tony's floor after the party. ¾Û»á¹ýáá, ÎÒÃǾÍÌÉÔÚÌÀÄá¼ÒµÄµØ°åÉÏ˯ÁË. dosser n (Brit sl Ùµ) person without a home who sleeps in the streets or in cheap lodgings; vagrant ¶ËÞ½ÖÍ·Õß; ³£¾Óì¶Á®¼Û¿ÍÕ»Õß; Á÷ÀËÕß. doss-house n (Brit sl Ùµ) cheap lodging-house, esp one used by vagrants Á®¼Û¿ÍÕ»£¨ÓÈÖ¸¹©Á÷ÀËÕßͶËÞÕߣ©. dossier / 5dCsIeI; ?@ also 5dR:sIE(r); `dBsI9e, `dBsIL/ n set of documents containing information about a person, an event, etc; file £¨ÓйØÈË¡¢ ʵȵģ©²ÄÁÏ, ¾í×Ú, µµ°¸. dot / dCt; dBt/ n 1 small round mark СԲµã: Join the dots up to complete the drawing. ˳µãÁ¬Ïß°Ñͼ»­ºÃ. 2 such a mark used as a symbol in writing (eg above the letters i and j), mathematics (eg the decimal point), music, representing a short sound in Morse code, etc ×ÖĸÉϵĵ㣨ÈçiºÍjÉϵģ©; СÊýµã; ÒôÀÖ·ûºÅÉϵĵã; Ħ¶û˹µçÂë´ú±í¶ÌÒôµÄµã. =>App 3 ¼û¸½Â¼3. 3 anything resembling a dot; a small quantity µã×´Îï; ÉÙÁ¿, ΢Á¿, Ò»µã¶ù: The island was just a dot on the horizon. ¸ÃµºÖ»ÊÇÌìË®½»½Ó´¦µÄÒ»¸öºÚµã. * I like just a dot of milk in my tea. ÎÒϲ»¶ÔÚ²èÀïÉÔ²ôÒ»µãÅ£ÄÌ. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) on the `dot (infml ¿Ú) exactly on time, or at the time specified ׼ʱµØ; ÔÚÖ¸¶¨µÄʱ¿Ì: He's very punctual always arrives on the dot. ËûºÜÊØʱ--×ÜÊÇ°´Ê±µ½. * leave at 5 o'clock on the dot/on the dot of 5 o'clock ×¼ì¶ÎåµãÕûÀ뿪. the year dot => year. dot v (-tt-) 1 [Tn] mark (sth) with a dot ÒÔСԲµã±ê³ö£¨Ä³Î. 2 [esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬: Tn.pr, Tn.p] place (things or people) here and there; scatter ½«£¨Îï»òÈË£©·Ö²¼¸÷´¦; ·ÖÉ¢: The sky was dotted with stars. Ìì¿Õ·±ÐÇÃܲ¼. * We've dotted a few chairs about. ÎÒÃÇÔÚÖÜΧ·ÅÁ˼¸°ÑÒÎ×Ó. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n](infml ¿Ú) hit (sb) ´ò, »÷£¨Ä³ÈË£©: He dotted me in the eye. Ëû»÷ÖÐÁËÎÒµÄÑÛ¾¦. * Shut up or I'll dot you one! ±Õ×ì, Òª²»ÎÒ¾Í×áÄã! 4 (idm Ï°Óï) dot one's/the ,i's and cross one's/the `t's complete the final details of a task һ˿²»¹¶µØÍê³ÉÈÎÎñ. dot matrix (computing ¼Æ) grid of dots used to form letters, numbers, etc in printing µãÕó£¨Ó¡Ë¢ÖÐÓÃÒÔ×é³É×Öĸ¡¢ Êý×ֵȵľØÕó£©: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a dot matrix printer µãÕó´òÓ¡»ú. dotted line 1 line of dots showing where sth is to be written on a document, form, etc µãÏß; ÐéÏß. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) sign on the dotted line => sign2. dotage / 5dEUtIdV; `dotIdV/ n (idm Ï°Óï) in one's dotage confused in one's mind because of old age ÄêÀÏ»èñù. dote / dEUt; dot/ v [Ipr] ~ on sb/sth show (too) much fondness for sb/sth ÈÈ°®¡¢ Äç°®»ò³è°®Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: She dotes on her grandchildren. ËýÊ®·Öïñ°®Ëï¶ùÅ®. * I just dote on hot buttered scones! ÎÒ¾ÍÊÇϲ»¶³ÔÍ¿»ÆÓ͵ÄÈÈ˾¿µ±ý! doting adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] very or excessively loving and devoted Äç°®µÄ; Æ«°®µÄ; ³è°®µÄ: a doting husband, son, parent, etc ³è°®ÆÞ×ÓµÄÕÉ·ò¡¢ ·Ç³£Ð¢Ë³µÄ¶ù×Ó¡¢ Äç°®×ÓÅ®µÄ¼Ò³¤. dotingly adv. dottle / 5dCtl; `dBtl/ n [U] partly burnt tobacco left in a pipe after smoking £¨Ñ̶·ÖÐÎüÊ£µÄ£©²ÐÑÌË¿. dotty / 5dCtI; `dBtI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml ¿Ú esp Brit) 1 foolish; silly; eccentric ɵµÄ; ´ÀµÄ; ¹Å¹ÖµÄ: She was getting a bit dotty and could never be left alone. ËýÔ½À´Ô½¼ûɵ, ¾ö²»¿ÉÎÞÈËÕÕ¿´. * Not another of your dotty ideas for making money! Äã²»ÒªÔÙ³öÄÇЩ׬ǮµÄâÈÖ÷ÒâÁË! 2 [pred ×÷±íÓï] ~ about sb/sth very fond of or enthusiastic about sb/sth ·Ç³£Ï²°®Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]; ¶ÔijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]¼«¸ÐÐËȤ: She's dotty about this latest boyfriend. Ëý·Ç³£Ï²»¶Õâ¸öн»µÄÄÐÅóÓÑ. dottiness n [U]. double / 5dQbl; `dQbl/ adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] 1 twice as much or as many (as usual) ¼Ó±¶µÄ; Á½±¶µÄ: a double helping Ò»¿ÍË«·ÝµÄʳÎï * two double whiskies Á½±­Ë«·ÝµÄÍþÊ¿¼É¾Æ * the new bleach with double strength for killing germs ɱ¾úÁ¦ÌØÇ¿µÄÐÂÐÍƯ°×¼Á. 2 having or made of two things or parts that are equal or similar ÓÉÁ½¸öÏàµÈ»òÏàËƲ¿·Ö×é³ÉµÄ; Ë«µÄ: Look, double yellow lines you mustn't park here. ι, ÕâÊÇË«»ÆÏß--²»ÄÜÔÚÕâ¶ùÍ£³µ. * `I didn't do nothing' is a double negative, ie two negatives where only one is needed. I didn't do nothingÊÇË«Öصķñ¶¨£¨Ö»ÐèÒ»¸ö·ñ¶¨´Ê¼´¿É£©. * a double-page advertisement Ò»ÔòÕ¼×óÓÒÁ½Ò³µÄ¹ã¸æ * `Otter' is spelt with a double t. otterÒ»×ÖÖÐÓÐÁ½¸öt. 3 made for two people or things ¹©Á½ÈË»òÁ½ÎïÓõÄ; Ë«È˵Ä: a double room, garage, etc Ë«ÈË·¿¼ä¡¢ ¹©Í£·ÅÁ½Á¾³µµÄ³µ·¿ * a double wedding, ie of two couples Á½¶Ôлé·ò¸¾µÄ»éÀñ. 4 combining two things or qualities Á½ÖÖÊÂÎï½áºÏÔÚÒ»ÆðµÄ: a double meaning, purpose, aim, etc Ë«ÖØÒâÒå¡¢ Ä¿µÄ¡¢ Ä¿±êµÈ * the double advantage of being easy and cheap ¼È·½±ãÓÖ±ãÒ˵ÄË«ÖØÓŵã * She leads a double life, ie Her life has two different (perhaps sharply contrasting) aspects, eg being a police officer and a drug dealer. Ëý¹ýÖøË«ÖØÉú»î£¨ÈçÓÖÊǾ¯²ìÓÖÊǶ¾Æ···×Ó£©. 5 (of flowers) having more than the usual number of petals £¨Ö¸»¨£©ÖØ°êµÄ. 6 (idm Ï°Óï) in double `harness with a partner, or with a husband or wife Á½ÈËÒ»Æð; ·òÆÞÒ»Æð: The brothers work in double harness. ¸ç¶ùÁ©Ò»Æð¹¤×÷. double agent person who spies for two rival countries at the same time Ë«Öؼäµý. double-bass (also bass) n largest and lowest-pitched instrument of the violin family µÍÒôÌáÇÙ. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page xi. double bed bed made for two people Ë«ÈË´². ,double-`bedded adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] (of a hotel room) having a double bed (or two single ones) £¨Ö¸Âùݷ¿¼ä£©ÓÐË«ÈË´²µÄ, ÓÐÁ½Õŵ¥ÈË´²µÄ. double bill two films, plays, etc presented to an audience one after the other Ë«³¡£¨Á½³¡µçÓ°¡¢ Ï·¾çµÈͬ³¡ÏÈááÑݳö£©. double bind dilemma ½øÍËÁ½ÄÑ. double bluff clever deception, eg telling an enemy the truth while knowing that he will assume you are lying Ë«ÖØÕ©Êõ£¨Èç¸æËßµÐÊÖʵÇé¶øÁÏÆä»áÒÔÕæΪ¼Ù£©. double chin fold of fat below the chin Ë«Ï°Í. double cream (Brit) thick cream that contains a lot of milk fat ¸ßÖ¬ÄÌÓÍ. double date (esp US infml ¿Ú) date involving two (separate) couples Á½¶ÔÄÐÅ®ÔÚÒ»ÆðµÄÔ¼»á. double-dealer n (derog ±á) person who says one thing and means another; deceiver ¿ÚÊÇÐķǵÄÈË; Á½ÃæÅÉ. double-dealing n [U]. double-decker n 1 (esp Brit) bus with two floors Ë«²ã¹«¹²Æû³µ. 2 (esp US) sandwich with two layers of filling Ë«²ã¼ÐÐÄÈýÃ÷ÖÎ. double Dutch (Brit infml ¿Ú) incomprehensible talk; written gibberish ĪÃûÆäÃîµÄ»°; »ÞɬµÄÎÄ×Ö: This article's so full of jargon it's just double Dutch to me. ÕâÎÄÕÂÂúƪÊõÓï, ¶ÔÎÒÖ±ÈçÌìÊé. double entendre / 9du:bl B:n5tB:ndrE; 9dubl Bn`tBndrE/ (French ·¨) word or phrase that can be understood in two ways, one of which contains a sexual allusion Ë«¹ØÓÆäÒ»ÓÐÐԵĺ¬Ò⣩. double entry (commerce ÉÌ) system of bookkeeping in which each transaction is entered as a debit in one account and a credit in another ¸´Ê½²¾¼Ç. double figures number that is 10 or over and 99 or less Á½Î»Êý: The inflation rate is into double figures, ie above 10%. ͨ»õÅòÕÍÂÊÒѽøÈëÁ½Î»Êý£¨10%ÒÔÉÏ£©. double first (graduate who gains a) first-class degree in two subjects at the same time or in successive years Ë«ÓÅÈÙÓþѧ루±ÏÒµÉú£©£¨ÔÚÁ½ÃÅѧ¿ÆÖнԻñÓÅÐã³É¼¨Õߣ©. double pneumonia pneumonia affecting both lungs Ë«·Î·ÎÑ×. double standard set of (usu moral) principles that discriminates against one of two groups, individuals, etc Ë«Öرê×¼£¨Í¨³£Ö¸µÀµÂ·½Ã棩: He's got a double standard: it's all right for him to have affairs but not for her. Ëû²ÉÈ¡Ë«Öرê×¼: ×Ô¼º¿ÉÒÔÓÐÍâÓö, Å®·½È´²»ÐÐ. double take delayed reaction to a situation, remark, etc, esp for comic effect £¨¶ÔÇé¿ö¡¢ ÑÔÓïµÈ£©·´Ó¦³Ù¶Û£¨ÓÈָΪ²úÉú»¬»üЧ¹ûÕߣ©: He did a double take when I said I was getting married. ÎÒ¸æËßËûÎÒÒª½á»éÁË, Ëû°ëÌì²Å»ÐÈ»´óÎò. double-talk n [U] way of talking that really means something very different from what it appears to mean, or nothing at all Ö¸¶«ËµÎ÷»òÑÔÖ®ÎÞÎïµÄ»°: He gave us no real reasons, just the usual politician's double-talk. Ëûû¸æËßÎÒÃÇÕæÕýÀíÓÉ, ֻ˵ÁËЩÕþ¿Í³£ËµµÄ¿Õ»°. v [I, Tn.pr]: double-talk one's way out of trouble ˵º¬ºýÆä´ÊµÄ»°ÒÔ°ÚÍÑÀ§¾³. double-think n [U] (derog ±á) accepting or advocating contradictory ideas, principles, etc ˼Ïëì¶Ü£¨½ÓÊÜ»òÌᳫÁ½ÖÖÏàì¶ÜµÄ¹ÛÄî¡¢ Ô­ÔòµÈ£©. double time twice the usual wage, paid for working on a public holiday, etc £¨¸¶¸ø¼ÙÈÕ¼Ó°àÕߵģ©Ë«±¶¹¤×Ê. double transitive verb (linguistics ÓïÑÔ) verb that takes an indirect object as well as a direct object, eg offer in He offered me a job Ë«¼°Îﶯ´Ê£¨¼´ÒªÇóÖ±½Ó±öÓïºÍ¼ä½Ó±öÓïµÄ¶¯´Ê, ÈçHe offered me a jobÖеÄoffer£©. double / 5dQbl; `dQbl/ det twice as much or as many (as usual, than sb/sth, etc) Á½±¶; Ë«±¶: His income is double hers. ËûµÄÊÕÈëÊÇËýµÄÁ½±¶. * He earns double what she does. ËûÕõµÄ±ÈËýÕõµÄ¶àÒ»±¶. * We need double the amount we have. ÎÒÃÇÐèÒª±ÈÏÖÓеĶàÒ»±¶. double / 5dQbl; `dQbl/ adv in twos or in two parts ³ÉË«; ³É¶Ô; ³ÉÁ½²¿·Ö: When I saw her and her twin sister I thought I was seeing double. ÎÒ¿´¼ûËýÃÇÂÎÉú½ãÃÃʱ»¹ÒÔΪÎÒ°ÑÒ»¸öÈË¿´³ÉÁ©ÁË. * sleep double, ie two in a bed (for warmth, convenience, etc) Á½È˺Ï˯һ´²£¨ÎªÈ¡Å¯¡¢ ·½±ãµÈ£© * fold a blanket double °Ñ̺×Ó¶Ôß¡ÆðÀ´. double-barrelled adj 1 (of a gun) having two barrels £¨Ö¸Ç¹ÅÚ£©Ë«¹ÜµÄ, ˫ͲµÄ. 2 (Brit) (of a surname) having two parts, usu joined by a hyphen (as in Day-Lewis) £¨Ö¸ÐÕ£©ÓÉÁ½²¿·Ö×é³ÉµÄ£¨Æä¼äͨ³£ÓÃÁ¬×Ö·ûÁ¬½á, ÈçDay-Lewis£©. double-book v [I, Tn] reserve (a particular hotel room, flight, ticket, etc) for more than one person at a time Ϊ²»Ö¹Ò»ÈËÔ¤¶©»ò±£Áô£¨Í¬Ò»Âùݷ¿¼ä¡¢ ·É»ú×ùλ¡¢ ƱµÈ£©: They'd double-booked our seats and we had to wait for the next plane. ËûÃÇ°ÑÎÒÃÇÔ¤¶©µÄ×ùλÓÖÔ¤¶©¸øËûÈËÁË, ÎÒÃÇÖ»ºÃµÈÏÂÒ»°à»úÁË. * They've double-booked me (ie my seat, etc) again! ËûÃÇ°ÑÎÒÔ¤¶©µÄ£¨×ùλµÈ£©ÓÖÖظ´Ô¤¶©¸ø±ðÈËÁË! double-booking n [U, C]. double-breasted adj (of a coat or jacket) made to overlap across the chest £¨Ö¸´óÒ»ò¼Ð¿Ë£©ÓÐË«ÅÅÅ¥¿ÛµÄ. double-check v [I, Tn] check (sth) twice or with great care ¸´²é; ×Ðϸ¼ì²é: double-check figures, arrangements ¸´ºËÊý×Ö¡¢ ÉóºË¼Æ»®. double-check n: do a double-check on sth ¸´²éijÊÂ. double-cross v [Tn] (derog ±á) cheat or betray (sb) after getting him to trust one £¨»ñÈ¡ÐÅÈÎáᣩÆÛÆ­, ±³ÅÑ, ³öÂô£¨Ä³ÈË£©. double-cross n: a double-cross that cost six lives ËðʧÁËÁùÌõÐÔÃüµÄÅÑÂôÐÐΪ. double-dyed adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] (dated ¾É) very evil а¶ñµÄ: a ,double-dyed `rogue, `scoundrel, etc ×ï¶ñ¶à¶ËµÄÎÞÀµ¡¢ »µµ°µÈ. double-edged adj 1 (of a knife, etc) having two edges £¨Ö¸µ¶µÈ£©Ë«ÈеÄ. 2 (fig ±ÈÓ÷) (of a remark) having two possible meanings; ambiguous £¨Ö¸ÑÔÓģÀâÁ½¿ÉµÄ, º¬ºýÆä´ÇµÄ: a ,double-edged `argument, `compliment, re`ply, etc ÓïÒ⺬»ìµÄÂ۾ݡ¢ ¹§Î¬»°¡¢ ´ð¸²µÈ. double-faced adj insincere αÉƵÄ. double-glaze v [Tn] fit two layers of glass to (the windows of a room, etc) to reduce heat loss, noise, etc °²Á½²ã²£Á§ì¶£¨´°»§µÈ£©: The house is double-glazed back and front. Õâ·¿×ÓÇ°áá´°¶¼ÊÇË«²ãµÄ. double-glazing n [U]: have double-glazing installed ×°ÓÐË«²ã²£Á§. double-jointed adj [usu pred ͨ³£×÷±íÓï] having very flexible joints that allow the fingers, arms or legs to bend backwards as well as forwards £¨ÊÖÖ¸¡¢ ±Û»òÍÈ£©ÓÐË«¹Ø½Ú£¨¿ÉÇ°áá»î¶¯£©. double-park v [I, Tn esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] park (a car, etc) beside one already parked in a street ½«£¨Æû³µµÈ£©²¢ÅÅÍ£·Å춽ֵÀÉÏÁíÒ»Æû³µÅÔ±ß: Hurry up! I'm double-parked and the warden's coming. ¿ìµã! ÎÒÕâÊDz¢ÅÅÍ£³µ, ¼ì²éÔ±À´À². double-quick adj, adv (infml ¿Ú) very quick(ly) ¿ìËÙ£¨µÄ£©; ¼±ËÙ£¨µÄ£©. double-stop v [I, Tn] (music Òô) play (two stopped notes) at the same time on a violin, etc £¨À­Ð¡ÌáÇÙµÈʱ£©×àË«Òô. double / 5dQbl; `dQbl/ n 1 [U] twice the (usual) number or amount Á½±¶; ¼Ó±¶: He's paid double for the same job. Ëû×öͬÑùµÄ¹¤×÷, ¶ø±¨³ê±È±ðÈ˶àÒ»±¶. 2 [C] (a) person or thing that looks very like another ¿áËƵÄÈË»òÎï: She's the double of her mother at the same age. ËýºÍËýĸÇ×ÄêÇáʱʮ·ÖÏàËÆ. (b) (in a film) actor who replaces a star in the dangerous scenes £¨µçÓ°Öеģ©Ìؼ¼ÌæÉíÑÝÔ±. 3 [C] glass of spirits containing twice the usual amount Ò»±­Ë«·ÝµÄÁÒ¾Æ: Two Scotches, please and make those doubles, will you? ÇëÀ´Á½±­ËÕ¸ñÀ¼ÍþÊ¿¼É--¶¼ÒªË«·ÝµÄ, ºÃÂð? 4 [C] bet on two horses in different races where any winnings from the first are staked again on the second ¸´Ê½Ñº×¢£¨ÏÂע춲»Í¬³¡´ÎµÄÁ½Æ¥Âí, µÚÒ»³¡ÈôÓ®¼´×ªÑºì¶µÚ¶þ³¡£©. 5 doubles [pl] game (esp of tennis) in which one pair plays another Ë«´ò£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÍøÇò£©: mixed doubles, ie where each pair consists of a man and a woman »ìºÏË«´ò. 6 the double [sing] (sport Ìå) two prizes won in similar competitions £¨ÔÚͬÀà±ÈÈüÖУ©Á½´Î»ñ½±: She's going for the double this year, the Olympics and the World Championship. ½ñÄêËýÒªÕùÈ¡°ÂÁÖÆ¥¿ËÈüºÍÊÀ½ç±­¹Ú¾üÈüµÄË«ÁϹھü. 7 [C] (in bridge) act of doubling £¨ÇÅÅÆÏ·ÖУ©½Ð¼Ó±¶. 8 [C] (in the game of darts) hit on the outer ring of the board, scoring double £¨Í¶ïÚÏ·ÖУ©Í¶ÖÐÍâ»·, µÃ·Ö¼Ó±¶. 9 (idm Ï°Óï) at the `double (US on the `double) (infml ¿Ú) quickly; hurrying ºÜ¿ìµØ; ¸Ï½ôµØ: The boss wants you you'd better get upstairs at the double. ÀÏ°å½ÐÄã--Äã×îºÃ¸Ï½ôÉÏ¥ȥ. ,double or `quits paying twice what one owes or nothing at all, the decision being made by chance (eg throwing dice) Òª÷á¼Ó±¶ÅâÇ®, Òª÷áÇ·¿îÒ»±Ê¹´Ïú£¨ÈçÒÔÖÀÉ«×Ó¾ö¶¨£©. doublet / 5dQblIt; `dQblIt/ n 1 (formerly) short close-fitting jacket worn by men, with or without sleeves £¨¾Éʱ£©ÄÐÓýôÉíÉÏÒ»ò±³ÐÄ. 2 either of a pair of similar things, esp one of two words with the same origin but a different form or meaning, eg hospital/hostel Ò»¶ÔÀàËƵĶ«Î÷ÖеÄÒ»¸ö; £¨ÓÈָͬԴÒìÐλòÒìÒåµÄ£©Ë«Ê½´Ê, Èçhospital/hostel. doubly / 5dQblI; `dQblI/ adv (used before adjs ÓÃì¶ÐÎÈÝ´Ê֮ǰ) 1 to twice the extent or amount ¼Ó±¶µØ: Make doubly sure that all the doors are locked, ie check twice. Ôٲ鿴һÏÂÊÇ·ñËùÓеÄÃŶ¼ËøºÃÁË. 2 in two ways Á½·½ÃæµØ; Ë«ÖصØ: She is doubly gifted: as a writer and as an artist. ËýÓÖÊÇ×÷¼ÒÓÖÊÇÒÕÊõ¼Ò, ÓÐË«ÖØÌ츳. doubt / daUt; daJt/ n 1 [U, C] ~ (about/as to sth); ~ (as to) whether... (feeling of) uncertainty or disbelief »³ÒÉ; ²»È·¶¨; ²»ÐÅÈÎ: There's some doubt about his suitability for the job. ËûÊÇ·ñÊʺϸù¤×÷ÓÐЩÒÉÎÊ. * There is (no) room for doubt. £¨Ã»£©Óл³ÒɵÄÓàµØ. * I have grave doubts about her honesty. ÎҺܻ³ÒÉËýÊÇ·ñ³Ïʵ. * The latest scientific discoveries cast doubt on earlier theories. ¿ÆѧÉϵÄ×îз¢ÏÖʹÎÒÃǶÔÒÔÇ°µÄѧ˵²úÉú»³ÒÉ. * She had her doubts (as to) whether he would come. ËýÎÞ·¨È·¶¨ËûÊÇ·ñÀ´. * Although a very religious man, he is still troubled by occasional doubts. ËûËäÈ»óÆÐÅ×Ú½Ì, µ«ÓÐʱÈԸе½ÃÔã¯. 2 [U] ~ about sth/that. . . (used after negatives to emphasize conviction ÓÃ춷ñ¶¨´ÊááÒÔÇ¿µ÷ÉîÐŲ»ÒÉ) reason for not believing sth ²»ÏàÐÅ: There's not much doubt about it, ie It is almost certain. ÄǼþÊÂÇéûÓÐʲ÷á¿ÉÒÉÖ®´¦. * I have no doubt that you will succeed. Îҿ϶¨ÄãÄܳɹ¦. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) beyond a/any `doubt; beyond all (possible) `doubt certainly ÎÞÒɵØ: She was beyond all doubt the finest ballerina of her day. ËýÎÞÒÉÊÇËýÄǸöʱ´ú×îÓÅÐãµÄ°ÅÀÙÎèÑÝÔ±. give sb the benefit of the `doubt => benefit. in `doubt uncertain; undecided ²»¿Ï¶¨µÄ; ²»È·¶¨µÄ: Their acceptance of the contract is still in doubt. ËûÃÇÊÇ·ñ½ÓÊÜÄǺÏͬ»¹Ëµ²»×¼. * If in doubt, don't, ie Don't act unless you're certain. ûÓаÑÎվͲ»Òª×ö. ,no `doubt very probably ÎÞÒɵØ; ºÜ¿ÉÄÜ: No doubt he means to help, but in fact he just gets in the way. ËûȷʵÊÇÏë°ïæ, È»¶øÊÂʵÉÏÈ´Ö»Êǰﵹæ. without (a) `doubt certainly ÎÞÒɵØ; ȷʵµØ: He is without doubt the cleverest student I've ever taught. ËûȷʵÊÇÎÒËù½Ì¹ýµÄѧÉúÖÐ×î´ÏÃ÷µÄ. doubt / daUt; daJt/ v [I, Tn, Tf] feel uncertain (about sth); question the truth of (sth) £¨¶ÔijÊÂÎÎÞ°ÑÎÕ, Óл³ÒÉ: It is human to doubt. »³ÒÉÊÇÈ˵ÄÌìÐÔ. * Do you doubt my word (ie think I am not telling the truth) ? Ä㻳ÒÉÎҵĻ°Âð? * I don't doubt that he'll come, ie I'm sure he will. ÎÒÈ·ÐÅËû»áÀ´. * I doubt whether he'll come. ÎÒ²»¸Ò¿Ï¶¨ËûÀ´²»À´. * I doubt if that was what he wanted. ²»ÖªµÀÄÇÊDz»ÊÇËûÏëÒªµÄ. doubter n. doubting Thomas person who refuses to believe sth until he has clear proof ÓÐÕæƾʵ¾Ý²ÅÏàÐÅijÊÂÎïµÄÈË: She's a bit of a doubting Thomas she won't believe you're back till she sees you. ËýÊǸöÑÛ¼ûΪʵµÄÈË--³ý·ÇËýÇ×ÑÛ¿´¼ûÄã, ·ñÔò¾ø²»»áÏàÐÅÄãÒѾ­»ØÀ´. doubtful / 5daUtfl; `daJtfEl/ adj 1 [usu pred ͨ³£×÷±íÓï] ~ (about sth/doing sth) (of a person) feeling doubt; unsure £¨Ö¸ÈË£©¸Ðµ½»³ÒÉ, ²»ÄÜÈ·¶¨: feel doubtful about (the wisdom of) going/about whether to go or not Äò»¶¨Ö÷ÒâÈ¥²»È¥£¨²»ÖªµÀÓ¦·ñÈ¥£©. 2 causing doubt; uncertain ÁîÈËÉúÒɵÄ; ²»¿Ï¶¨µÄ: The weather looks rather doubtful, ie unsettled. ÌìÆø¿´À´¿¿²»×¡£¨¿ÉÄÜ»á±äÌ죩. * a doubtful (ie unreliable) ally ²»¿É¿¿µÄÃËÓÑ * It's a doubtful blessing, ie It may or may not be one. ÕâÊDz»ÊǸ£²»ºÃ˵. 3 unlikely; improbable δ±ØµÄ; ²»´ó¿ÉÄܵÄ: It is extremely doubtful that anyone survived the explosion. ÔÚÄdz¡±¬Õ¨ÖкÜÄÑÓÐÐÒ´æÕß. 4 [attrib ×÷¶¨ Óï] possibly dishonest, disreputable, etc; causing suspicion; questionable £¨³Ïʵ¡¢ ÃûÉùµÈ£©²»´óºÃµÄ, ¿ÉÒɵÄ, ÓÐÎÊÌâµÄ: a rather doubtful character, neighbourhood,past ºÜ¿ÉÒɵÄÈËÎï¡¢ ÁÚ¾Ó¡¢ ¹ýÈ¥. doubtfully / -fElI; -fElI/ adv. doubtless / 5daUtlIs; `daJtlIs/ adv almost certainly; very probably ´ó¸Å; ºÜ¿ÉÄÜ: Doubtless he'll be bringing his guitar, as usual. ËûºÜ¿ÉÄܸúƽ³£Ò»Ñù»á´ø¼ªËûÀ´. douche / du:F; duF/ n (device for directing a) stream of water into or onto a part of the body, esp the vagina, to clean it or for medical purposes £¨¶ÔÉíÌ岿λ, ÓÈÖ¸¶ÔÒõµÀµÄ£©³åÏ´Òº, ¹àÏ´Òº, ³åÏ´Æ÷, ¹àÏ´Æ÷. douche v [I, Tn] treat (sth) with a douche ³åÏ´»ò¹àÏ´£¨Ä³²¿Î»£©. dough / dEU; do/ n [U] 1 thick mixture of flour, water, etc ready to be baked into bread, pastry, etc £¨×öÃæ°ü¡¢ ¸âµãµÈµÄ£©ÉúÃæÍÅ. 2 (sl Ùµ) money Ç®. doughy adj of or like dough; soft, pale and flabby £¨ËÆ£©ÃæÍŵÄ; ÈáÈí¡¢ ²Ô°×¶øËɳڵÄ: a doughy complexion ²Ô°×µÄ·ôÉ«. doughnut n small cake, usu in the shape of a ring or a ball, made from sweetened dough cooked in fat ըȦ±ý. =>illus at bread ¼ûbreadÖ®²åͼ. doughty / 5daUtI; `daJtI/ adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] (arch or rhet ¹Å»òÐÞ´Ç) brave and strong Ó¸ҶøÍçÇ¿µÄ: a doughty warrior ÓÂÃ͵Äսʿ. dour / dUE(r); dur/ adj stern; severe; gloomy-looking; joyless ÑÏÀ÷µÄ; ÑϸñµÄ; Á³É«Òõ³ÁµÄ; ÃÆÃƲ»ÀÖµÄ: dour looks ÒÖÓôµÄ±íÇé * a dour silence ÒõÉ­É­µÄ¼Å¾². dourly adv. douse (also dowse) / daUs; daJs/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in/with sth) put sb/sth into (water); throw (water) over sb/sth ½«Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]·ÅÈ루ˮÖУ©; ÔÚijÈË[ijÎï]ÉÏÆã¨Ë®£©: douse the flames/a fire ½½Ãð»ðÑæ[¯»ð] * As a joke, they doused him with a bucket of water. ËûÃÇ¿ªÍæЦ, °ÑһͰˮÆõ½ËûÉíÉÏÁË. 2 [Tn] put out or turn off (a light) Ϩ, Ãð, ¹Ø£¨µÆ£©. dove / dQv; dQv/ n 1 type of bird with short legs, a small head and a thick body, that makes a cooing sound and is often used as a symbol of peace ¸ë×Ó£¨³£ÓÃ×÷ºÍƽµÄÏóá磩. 2 (fig ±ÈÓ÷) person, esp a politician, who favours peace and negotiation rather than war or confrontation κÍÅÉÈËÎï; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©¸ëÅÉÕþÖμÒ. Cf ²Î¿´ hawk1 2. dovecote / 5dQvkCt, also 5dQvkEUt; `dQv9kBt `dQv9kot/ n 1 building providing shelter and often nesting-boxes for pigeons and doves ¸ëÉá; ¸ë·¿. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) flutter the dovecotes => flutter. dove (US) pt of dive1. dovetail / 5dQvteIl; `dQv9tel/ n joint for fixing two pieces of wood together, with one piece cut in the shape of a wedge fitting into a groove of the same shape in the other ð¯Î²é¾; ШÐÎé¾. =>illus ¼û²åͼ. dovetail v 1 [Tn] join (two pieces of wood) in this way ÒÔð¯Î²é¾½ÓºÏ£¨Á½¿éľͷ£©. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) fit together; combine neatly ÎǺÏ; ÃܺÏ: My plans dovetailed nicely with hers. Îҵļƻ®ºÍËýµÄ¼Æ»®·Ç³£ÎǺÏ. dowager / 5daUEdVE(r); `daJEdVL/ n 1 woman who holds a title or property because of her dead husband's position ÒòÍö·òÖ®µØλ¶ø³ÖÓгƺŻò²Æ²úµÄ¹Ñ¸¾: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] the dowager duchess ¹«¾ôÒÅæ×. 2 (infml ¿Ú) dignified, usu wealthy, elderly woman Ä곤µÄ¹ó¸¾ÈË. dowdy / 5daUdI; `daJdI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (derog ±á) 1 (of clothes, etc) dull; unfashionable; drab £¨Ö¸ÒÂÎïµÈ£©µ¥µ÷µÄ, ¹ýʱµÄ. 2 (of a person) dressed in dowdy clothes £¨Ö¸ÈË£©´©Öøµ¥µ÷µÄ»ò¹ýʱµÄ. dowdily adv. dowdiness n [U]. dowel / 5daUEl; `daJEl/ n wooden or metal pin with no head for holding two pieces of wood, metal, stone, etc together °µé¾; °µ¶¤; ºÏ·ì¶¤. down / daUn; daJn/ adv part (For special uses with many vs, see the v entries. Ó붯´Ê´îÅäµÄÌØÊâÓ÷¨¼ûÓйض¯´Ê´ÊÌõ. ) 1 (a) from a higher to a lower level ´Ó¸ßµ½µÍ; ÏòÏÂ: pull down a blind À­Ï´°Á± * fall, climb, jump, etc down µøÏ¡¢ ÅÀÏ¡¢ ÌøÏ * The sun went down below the horizon. Ì«ÑôÂäɽ, Ïûʧ춵ØƽÏßÏÂ. * The ice-cream slipped down easily it was cold and delicious. ±ù¼¤Áèµ½×ì¾Í»¯--ÑÊÏÂÈ¥ÓÖÁ¹¿ìÓÖ¿É¿Ú. (b) (moving) from an upright position to a horizontal one ´ÓÊúÖøµÄλÖã¨Òƶ¯µ½£©ºáÖøµÄλÖÃ; µ¹ÏÂ: knock sb down °ÑijÈË´òµ¹ * go and lie down È¥ÌÉÏÂ. (c) with the body positioned at a lower level ʹÇûÌ崦춽ϵÍλÖÃ: sit, kneel, crouch, etc down ×øÏ¡¢ ¹òÏ¡¢ ¶×Ï * He bent down to pick up his gloves. ËûÍäÉíÊ°ÆðËûµÄÊÖÌ×. Cf ²Î¿´ up 1a. 2 (indicating place or state Ö¸µØµã»ò״̬): Mary is not down yet, ie She is in bed or still in an upstairs room. ÂêÀö»¹Ã»ÏÂÀ´ÄØ£¨Î´Ï´²»òδÏÂÂ¥£©. * The level of unemployment is down. ʧҵÂÊÔÚϽµ. * We're two goals down already, ie The other team has scored two goals and we have scored none. ÎÒÃÇÒÑÂäááÁ½·Ö. Cf ²Î¿´ up 2. 3 (a) away from an important place, esp a large city À뿪ÖØÒªµÄµØ·½£¨ÓÈÖ¸´ó³ÇÊУ©: move down from London to the country À뿪Â׶ذᵽÏçÏÂ. (b) (Brit) away from a university, esp Oxford or Cambridge À뿪´óѧ£¨ÓÈָţ½ò»ò½£ÇÅ£©: going down at the end of the year Äêµ×½«´óѧ±ÏÒµ. (c) to or in the south of the country ÏòÄÏ·½; ÔÚÄÏ·½: living down south סÔÚÄÏ·½. Cf ²Î¿´ up 4. 4 (indicating a decrease in volume, activity or quality ±íʾÁ¿»ò»î¶¯µÄ¼õÉÙ»òÖÊÁ¿µÄϽµ): boil the liquid down °ÑÒºÌåÖóµÃÕô·¢µôһЩ * calm/quieten/settle down Äþ¾²[°²¾²/°²¶Ù]ÏÂÀ´ * The fire burnt down. »ðÊƽ¥½¥¼õÈõ. * The noise was dying down. ÔëÉù½¥½¥¼õµÍ. * The wine was watered down for the children. ÓÃË®°ÑÆÏÌѾƳ嵭¸øº¢×ÓºÈ. * The heels of these shoes are quite worn down. Ьáá¸úÄ¥ËðµÃºÜÀ÷º¦. 5 (a) (written) on paper ÔÚÖ½ÉÏ£¨Ð´£©: write it down дÏÂÀ´ * copy/note/put/take sth down ³­ÏÂ[Õª¼ÇÏÂ/дÏÂ/¼ÇÏÂ]ijÊÂÎï. (b) added to a list ¼ÓÈëÇåµ¥ÖÐ: Have you got me down for the team? Äã°ÑÎÒ¼Ó½øÇò¶ÓÃûµ¥ÀïÁËÂð? 6 ~ (to sb/sth) (indicating the upper (and lower) limits in a range ±íʾÉÏ£¨»òÏ£©ÏÞ): Everyone played well, from the captain down. ÉÏ×Ô¶Ó³¤ÏÂÖÁÿ¸ö¶ÓÔ±¶¼±íÏֵúܺÃ. * Nobody was free from suspicion, from the head girl down to the youngest pupil. ÉÏ×ÔÊ×ϯŮѧ³¤ÏÂÖÁÄêÁä×îСµÄѧÉú, ûÓÐÒ»¸ö²»Êܵ½»³ÒɵÄ. 7 (a) (with a specified amount of money) spent or lost »¨µô»òʧȥ£¨Ä³Ç®Êý£©: After paying all the bills, I found myself 5 down. ¸¶ÇåËùÓÐÕʵ¥áá, ÎÒÖªµÀ¹²»¨ÁË5Ó¢°÷. (b) as a deposit ×÷Ϊ¶¨½ð: Pay me 50 down and the rest at the end of the month. Ïȸ¶¸øÎÒ50Ó¢°÷¶¨½ð, Óà¿îÒªÔµ׸¶Çå. * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] Pay me 50 as a down payment. Ïȸ¶¸øÎÒ50Ó¢°÷¶¨Ç®. 8 (used in measuring one's progress through a series of individual people, things, etc ÓÃÒÔ¼ÆËã½ø¶È£¨Èç´¦ÀíÈË¡¢ ÊÂÎïµÈµÄÊýÁ¿£©): That's 10 down, another 5 candidates to see yet. ÒѾ­ÃæÊÔÁË10ÈË, »¹ÓÐ5ÈËÒª¼û. 9 (idm Ï°Óï) be down on sb (infml ¿Ú) feel, show or express disapproval or hostility towards sb ¶ÔijÈ˸е½¡¢ ±íʾ»ò±í´ï³ö²»Âú»òÓеÐÒâ: She's terribly down on people who don't do things her way. Ëý¶Ô²»°´ËýµÄÒªÇó×öʵÄÈËÊ®·Ö²»Âú. be down to sb be dependent on sb ÒÀÀµ¡¢ ÒÀ¿¿»òÒÀÕÌijÈË: It's down to you now to look after the family business. ÏÖÔڵÿ¿ÄãÕչܼÒ×åÉúÒâÁË. be down to sth have only a little (money) left ֻʣһµã¶ù£¨Ç®£©: be down to one's last penny, pound, etc ֻʣÏÂ×îááÒ»±ãÊ¿¡¢ Ò»°÷µÈ * I'm afraid I can't buy you a drink I'm down to my last 50p. ºÜ±§Ç¸, ÎÒ²»ÄÜÇëÄãºÈʲ÷áÁË--ÎÒֻʣÏÂ50±ãÊ¿ÁË. be/go down with sth have or catch an illness Óв¡; µÃ²¡: Peter can't play tomorrow, he's (gone) down with flu. ±ËµÃÃ÷Ìì²»ÄܲÎÈüÁË, ËûµÃÁËÁ÷¸Ð. ,down and `out having no home, money, etc; destitute ÎÞ¼Ò¡¢ ÎÞÇ®µÈ; ÇîÀ§Áʵ¹: He looked completely down and out. Ëû¿´ÉÏÈ¥ÒÑÇîÀ§Áʵ¹. * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] ,down-and-out ,homeless `people ÇîÀ§Áʵ¹¡¢ Î޼ҿɹéµÄÈË. down below in or to the basement of a building or to the hold of a ship, etc ÔÚµ×ÏÂ, µ½µ×Ï£¨µØÏÂÊÒ¡¢ ´¬²ÕµÈ£©. ,down `stage (of sb/sth) at or to the part of the stage nearest the audience ÔÚ£¨»òÏò£©Îę̀ǰ ²¿: move down stage (of the other actors) ÏòÎę̀ǰ·½Òƶ¯£¨µ½ÆäËûÑÝÔ±µÄÇ°Ã棩. down through sth throughout (a considerable period of time) ¾­¹ý£¨Ï൱³¤µÄÒ»¶Îʱ¼ä£©: Down through the years this town has seen many changes. ¾­¹ýÕâЩÄê, Õâ³ÇÊÐÓÐÁËÐí¶à±ä»¯. down `under (infml ¿Ú) in Australia ÔÚ°Ä´óÀûÑÇ: Down under they speak their own kind of English. ÔÚ°Ä´óÀûÑÇ, ÈËÃÇ˵µÄÊǵ±µØµÄÓ¢Óï. down with sb/sth (used to express a wish that a person, a group or an institution should be banned or abolished ÓÃÒÔ±íʾ´òµ¹»òÈ¡ÏûijÈË¡¢ ijÍÅÌå»òij»ú¹¹): Down with the government! ´òµ¹Õþ¸®! * Down with school uniforms! È¡Ïû´©Ð£·þµÄ¹æ¶¨! down-and-out n destitute person ÇîÀ§Áʵ¹µÄÈË. down-to-earth adj practical; sensible ½Å̤ʵµØµÄ; ÏÖʵµÄ; ʵ¼ÊµÄ: He needs to marry a down-to-earth person who will organize his life for him. ËûÐèҪȢ¸ö½²Çóʵ¼ÊµÄÈË×öÆÞ×ÓºÃΪËû°²ÅÅÉú»î. down / daUn; daJn/ prep 1 from a high or higher point on (sth) to a lower one ´Ó¸ß´¦ÏòÏÂ: The stone rolled down the hill. ʯͷ¹öÏÂɽ. * Tears ran down her face. ÑÛÀá´ÓËýÁ³ÉÏÁ÷ÏÂ. * Her hair hung down her back to her waist. ËýµÄ³¤·¢ÅûÔÚáá±³Ö±´¹µ½Ñü¼ä. 2 at or to a lower part of (sth) ÔÚ»òÏòµÍ´¦: There's a bridge a mile down the river from here. ´ÓÕâÀïÑغÓÍùÏÂÒ»Ó¢Àï´¦ÓÐÒ»×ùÇÅ. 3 (of flat surfaces or areas) along; towards the direction in which one is facing £¨Ö¸Æ½Ãæ»òÇøÓò£©ÑØÖø, ˳Öø£¨Ãæ¶ÔµÄ·½Ïò£©: He lives just down the street. Ëû¾ÍסÔÚ½ÖµÄÄÇÍ·. * Go down the road till you reach the traffic lights. ÑØ·ǰÐÐÖ±ÖÁÓн»Í¨µÆ´¦. 4 (of periods of time) throughout £¨Ö¸Ê±¼ä¶ÎÂ䣩¹á´©, ±é¼°: an exhibition of costumes down the ages, ie from all periods of history Àú´ú·þ×°Õ¹ÀÀ. down / daUn; daJn/ v [Tn] 1 knock (sb) to the ground ½«£¨Ä³ÈË£©´òµ¹ÔÚµØÉÏ. 2 (infml ¿Ú) finish (a drink) quickly ºÜ¿ìºÈÏ£¨ÒûÁÏ£©: We downed our beer and left. ÎÒÃÇÒ»¿ÚÆø°ÑÆ¡¾ÆºÈ¹â¾Í×ßÁË. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) ,down `tools (Brit) (a) (of workers) stop working, usu abruptly £¨Ö¸¹¤ÈË£©Í£Ö¹¹¤×÷£¨Í¨³£ÎªÍ»È»µØ£©: As soon as the clock strikes five, they down tools and off they go. ÖÓÒ»ÇÃÎåµã, ËûÃǾÍÁÌϹ¤×÷×ßÈË. (b) refuse to continue working, as in a strike ¾Ü¾ø¼ÌÐø¹¤×÷£¨ÈçÔÚ°Õ¹¤ÖУ©. down / daUn; daJn/ n (idm Ï°Óï) have a down onsb/sth (infml ¿Ú) disapprove of or feel hostile towards sb/sth ÌÖÑá»òµÐÊÓijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: She's got a `down on me; I don't know why. ËýºÜÌÖÑáÎÒ, ÎÒ²»ÖªµÀΪʲ÷á. ups and downs => up n. down / daUn; daJn/ n [U] 1 very fine soft feathers ÈÞÓð; ÓðÈÞ: pillows filled with down ÓðÈÞÕíÍ·. 2 fine soft hair ÈÞë; º¹Ã«; Èíë; ºÁë; È×ë: The first down was beginning to appear on the young boy's face. ÄÇСÄк¢µÄÁ³ÉϽ¥½¥³¤³öÁ˺¹Ã«. down draught (US down draft) / 5daUn drB:ft; ?@ drAft; `daJn 9drAft/ downward current of air, esp one that moves down a chimney into a room ÏòϵÄÆøÁ÷£¨ÓÈÖ¸´ÓÑ̴ѵ¹¹àÈëÊÒÕߣ©. Down's syndrome / 5daUnz sIndrEUm; `daJnz9sIndrom/ (also mongolism) abnormal condition in which a person is born with a broad flattened skull, slanting eyes and mental deficiency ÌÆÊÏ×ÛºÏÖ¢£¨Ò»ÖÖͷ­¿í±â¡¢ ÑÛбµÄÏÈÌì°×³Õ£©. down-hearted / 9daUn5hB:tId; `daJn`hBrtId/ adj in low spirits; depressed ÇéÐ÷µÍÂäµÄ; Ïû³ÁµÄ: Don't be too down-hearted; things will get better. ±ðÄÇ÷ᴹͷɥÆø, ÊÂÇé»áºÃÆðÀ´µÄ. down-market / 9daUn 5mB:kIt; `daJn 9mBrkIt/ adj (of products, services, etc) designed to appeal to or satisfy people in the lower social classes £¨Ö¸²úÆ·¡¢ ·þÎñµÈ£©ÃæÏòÉç»áµÍ²ãµÄ, µÍµµµÄ. Cf ²Î¿´ up-market. downbeat / 5daUnbi:t; `daJn9bit/ n (music Òô) first beat of a bar (when the conductor's hand moves downwards) ÏÂÅÄ£¨ÀÖ¶ÓÖ¸»ÓÏòϵÄÊÖÊÆ£©. Cf ²Î¿´ upbeat. downbeat adj (infml ¿Ú) 1 gloomy; pessimistic ÓÇÓôµÄ; ±¯¹ÛµÄ. 2 relaxed; not showing strong feelings ËɳڵÄ; ²»Ç¿ÁÒµÄ. downcast / 5daUnkB:st; ?@ 5daUnkAst; `daJn9kAst/ adj 1 (of eyes) looking downwards £¨Ö¸ÑÛ¾¦£©Ä¿¹âÏòϵÄ. 2 (of a person, an expression, etc) depressed; sad £¨Ö¸ÈË¡¢ ±íÇéµÈ£©¾ÚÉ¥µÄ, ±¯°§µÄ: He seemed very downcast at the news. ÄÇÏûÏ¢ËƺõʹËû·Ç³£Äѹý. downer / 5daUnE(r); `daJnL/ n (sl Ùµ) 1 drug having a depressant effect, esp a barbiturate ÒÖÖÆÒ©, Õò¾²Ò©£¨ÓÈÖ¸°Í±ÈÍ×Àࣩ. Cf ²Î¿´ upper n 2. 2 depressing experience, person, etc ÁîÈ˾ÚÉ¥µÄ¾­Àú¡¢ È˵È: What a downer that guy is! ÄǼһï¶àÈÃÈËйÆøѽ! downfall / 5daUnfR:l; `daJn9fRl/ n [sing] 1 fall from a position of prosperity or power Ë¥Âä; °ÜÂä; ¿ą̊: Greed led to his downfall. ËûÌ°µÃÎÞÑá¶øµ¼ÖÂÉí°ÜÃûÁÑ. 2 thing that causes this Ë¥Âä¡¢ °ÜÂä¡¢ ¿ą̊µÈµÄÔ­Òò: His vanity was his downfall. ËûÒòÐéÈÙÐÄÌ«Öضø¿ą̊. downgrade / 5daUngreId; `daJn9^red/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (to sth) reduce sb/sth to a lower grade, rank or level of importance ʹijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]½µ¼¶¡¢ ½µÖ°»ò½µµÍÖØÒªÐÔ: She's been downgraded (from principal) to deputy. ËýÒÑ£¨´ÓУ³¤£©½µÎª¸±Ð£³¤. Cf ²Î¿´ upgrade. downhill / 9daUn5hIl; `daJn9hIl/ adv 1 towards the bottom of a hill; in a downward direction ÏòɽÏÂ; ÏòÏÂ. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) ,go down`hill get worse (in health, fortune, social status, etc); deteriorate £¨½¡¿µ×´¿ö¡¢ ÔËÆø¡¢ Éç»áµØλµÈ£©×ßÏÂÆ·, ÿ¿öÓúÏÂ; ¶ñ»¯: This part of the town used to be fashionable, but it's starting to go downhill. ¸ÃÊÐÕâÒ»µØÇøÒ»¶ÈºÜ·±»ª, Èç½ñÒѽ­ºÓÈÕÏÂ. downhill adj 1 [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] going or sloping towards the bottom of a hill ÏÂɽµÄ; ÏÂƵÄ; ÏòɽÏÂÇãбµÄ: a ,downhill `race ÏÂɽ±ÈÈü. 2 (infml ¿Ú) easy compared to what came before £¨ÓëÇ°Ïà½Ï£©ÈÝÒ×µÄ: The difficult part is learning the new computer codes after that it's all downhill. À§ÄѵIJ¿·ÖÊÇѧ»á¼ÆËã»úµÄбàÂë--ÆäÓà¾ÍÇá¶øÒ×¾ÙÁË. Downing Street / 5daUnIN stri:t; `daJnIN9strit/ (a) London street where the British Prime Minister's official residence is ÌÆÄþ½Ö£¨Â׶ؽֵÀÃû, Ó¢¹úÊ×Ïà¹ÙÛ¡ËùÔڵأ©. (b) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) the Prime Minister or the British Government Ó¢¹úÊ×Ïà; Ó¢¹úÕþ¸®: Downing Street has so far refused to comment on these reports. Ó¢¹úÕþ¸®¶ÔÕâЩ±¨µÀÆù½ñ²»ÓèÖÃÆÀ. download / 9daUn5lEUd; 9daJn`lod/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] (computing ¼Æ) transfer (a program, data, etc) from a large computer system to a smaller one ½«£¨³ÌÐò, ×ÊÁϵȣ©´Ó´ó¼ÆËã»úϵͳÊäÈëС¼ÆËã»úϵͳ. downpour / 5daUnpR:(r); `daJn9pRr/ n (usu sing ͨ³£×÷µ¥Êý) heavy, usu sudden, fall of rain ÇãÅè´óÓê: be caught in a downpour ÓöÉÏÆ°ÆôóÓê. downright / 5daUnraIt; `daJn9raIt/ adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] 1 (of sth undesirable) thorough; complete £¨Ö¸²»Ï²»¶µÄÊÂÎ³¹µ×µÄ, Ê®×ãµÄ, ÍêÈ«µÄ: a downright lie ³¹Í·³¹Î²µÄ»ÑÑÔ * downright stupidity ÓÞ²»¿É¼°. 2 frank; straightforward ̹°×µÄ; Ö±ÂʵÄ. downright adv thoroughly ³¹µ×µØ: He wasn't just inconsiderate, he was downright rude. ËûÆñÖ¹²»ÌåÁÂÈË, ¼òÖ±ÊÇÊ®·Ö´Ö±©. downs / daUnz; daJnz/ n [pl] the downs area of open rolling land, esp the chalk hills of S England ¿ªÀ«µÄÇðÁêµØ£¨ÓÈÖ¸Ó¢¸ñÀ¼Äϲ¿µÄʯ»ÒÑÒÇðÁ꣩: the North, South, Sussex, etc Downs ±±²¿µÄ¡¢ Äϲ¿µÄ¡¢ ËÕÈû¿Ë˹µÄ...ÇðÁêµØ. downstairs / 9daUn5steEz; `daJn`stZrz/ adv 1 down the stairs ˳¥ÌݶøÏÂ: He fell downstairs and broke his wrist. Ëû´ÓÂ¥ÌݵøÏÂ, ˤÉËÁËÊÖÍó. 2 on or to a lower floor ÔÚÂ¥ÏÂ; ÍùÂ¥ÏÂ: They're waiting for us downstairs. ËûÃÇÔÚ¥ϵÈÎÒÃÇ. Cf ²Î¿´ upstairs. downstairs adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï]: the downstairs toilet ¥ϵIJÞËù. downstairs n [sing v] lower floor of a building, esp the ground floor ¥ϣ¨ÓÈָһ¥£©: The whole downstairs needs repainting. Â¥ÏÂÈ«²ãÐèÒªÖØзÛË¢. downstream / 9daUn5stri:m; 9daJn`strim/ adv in the direction in which a river flows ˳Á÷¶øÏÂ; ³¯ÏÂÓη½Ïò: drift, float, etc downstream ˳Á÷Ư¸¡. Cf ²Î¿´ upstream. downtown / 9daUn5taUn; `daJn`taJn/ adv (esp US) to or in the centre of a city, esp the main business and commercial district ³¯Öø»òλ춳ÇÊеÄÖÐÐÄÇø£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÄÖÊм°ÉÌÒµÇø£©: go, move, live downtown Ç°Íù¡¢ °áÍù¡¢ סÔÚÄÖÊÐ * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] downtown Manhattan Âü¹þ¶ÙÉÌÒµÇø. Cf ²Î¿´ uptown. downtrodden / 5daUntrCdn; `daJn`trBdn/ adj kept down and badly treated; oppressed ÊÜõåõïµÄ; Êܼṳ̀µÄ; ÊÜѹÆȵÄ: downtrodden workers ÊÜѹÆȵŤÈË. downtrodden / 5daUntrCdn; `daJn`trBdn/ adj kept down and badly treated; oppressed ÊÜõåõïµÄ; Êܼṳ̀µÄ; ÊÜѹÆȵÄ: downtrodden workers ÊÜѹÆȵŤÈË. downward / 5daUnwEd; `daJnwLd/ adj [usu attrib ͨ³£ ×÷¶¨Óï] moving, leading or pointing to what is lower or less important ÏòϵÄ; ϽµµÄ; ½µµÍµÄ: a downward movement, slope ÏÂÐС¢ ÏÂÆ * a downward trend in prices ¼Û¸ñϽµµÄÇ÷ÊÆ * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) on the downward path, ie getting worse ×ßÏÂÆ·£¨ÈÕÒæ¶ñ»¯£©. downwards (also downward) adv towards what is lower ÏòϵØ: She laid the picture face downward on the table. Ëý°ÑÄÇ·ù»­ÕýÃ泯Ï·ÅÔÚ×ÀÉÏ. * The garden sloped gently downwards towards the river. »¨Ô°³Ê»ºÆÂÏòºÓ±ßÇãб. =>Usage at forward2 Ó÷¨¼ûforward2. downy / 5daUnI; `daJnI/ adj like or covered with down5 ÏñÈÞëµÄ; ÓÐÓðÈÞµÄ; ÓÐÈíëµÄ. dowry / 5daUErI; `daJrI/ n [C, U] property or money brought by a bride to her husband ¼Þ×±; ¼ÞÞÆ; ×±ÞÆ. dowse = douse. dowse / daUz; daJs/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) look for underground water or minerals by using a Y-shaped stick or rod that dips or shakes when it comes near water, etc ÓÃÕ¼²·ÕÈ̽ˮ»ò̽¿ó. dowser n person who does this; diviner ÓÃÕ¼²·ÕÈ̽ˮ»ò̽¿óÕß. doxology / dCk5sClEdVI; dBks`BlEdVI/ n hymn or other prayer praising God, esp one sung during a church service ÈýÒ»ËÌ; ÔÞÃÀ¸è. doyen / 5dRIEn; `dRIEn/ (US usu ÃÀʽӢÓïͨ³£×÷ dean /di:n; din/) (fem ÒõÐÔ×÷ doyenne / dRI5en; dRI`Zn/) n senior member of a group, profession, etc £¨ÍÅÌå¡¢ Ö°ÒµµÈµÄ£©×ÊÉîÕß, ÀÏÇ°±², ÔªÀÏ: She founded the club and is now our doyenne. Ëý´´½¨ÁËÕâ¸ö¾ãÀÖ²¿, ÏÖÔÚÊÇÎÒÃǵÄÔªÀÏ. * the doyen of the French Department ·¨ÓïϵµÄÀÏÇ°±². doyley, doyly = doily. doz abbr Ëõд = dozen: 3 doz eggs 3´ò¼¦µ°. doze / dEUz; doz/ v [I, Ip] 1 sleep lightly С˯; £¨´ò£©î§Ë¯; ´òíï¶ù. 2 (phr v) doze off fall into a light sleep ´ò£¨Æð£©î§Ë¯£¨À´£©; ´ò£¨Æð£©íï¶ù£¨À´£©: I dozed off during the film. ÎÒ¿´µçӰʱ´òÆðíï¶ùÀ´ÁË. doze n (usu sing ͨ³£×÷µ¥Êý) short light sleep С˯; î§Ë¯; íï¶ù: I had a quick doze on the train. ÎÒÔÚ»ð³µÉÏ´òÁËÒ»»á¶ùî§Ë¯. dozen / 5dQzn; `dQzn/ n (pl ~s or unchanged when counting sth ×÷Á¿´Êʱ¸´Êý²»±ä) (abbr Ëõд doz) 1 set of twelve £¨Ò»£©´ò£¨Ê®¶þ¸ö£©: Eggs are sold by the dozen. ¼¦µ°°´´òÂô. * They're 70p a dozen. ÕâÂô70±ãÊ¿Ò»´ò. * Pack them in dozens. °´´ò×°´ü°É. * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] Half a dozen (ie 6) eggs, please. ÎÒÒª°ë´ò¼¦µ°. * We need three dozen boxes. ÎÒÃÇÐèÒªÈý´òºÐ×Ó. =>App 4 ¼û¸½Â¼4. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) a baker's dozen => baker. one's daily dozen => daily. a dime a dozen => dime. dozens of (infml ¿Ú) lots of Ðí¶à: She's got dozens of boy-friends. ËýµÄÄÐÅóÓѶ༫ÁË. talk, etc, nineteen to the `dozen talk, etc continually ²»Í£µØ̸¡¢ ˵µÈ: They were chatting away nineteen to the dozen. ËûÃÇÁĸöûÍê. (it is) ,six of `one and ,half a dozen of the `other there is very little difference between the one and the other Á½Õß¼¸ÎÞÇø±ð; °ë½ï°Ë¡¡: I can't tell whether he or she is to blame it's six of one and half a dozen of the other. ÎÒ˵²»ºÃËûÃÇÁ©Ë­ÊÇË­·Ç--Ò»¸ö°ë½ï, Ò»¸ö°Ë¡¡. dozy / 5dEUzI; `dozI/ adj (-ier, -iest) 1 sleepy À§¾ëµÄ; »è»èÓû˯µÄ: I'm feeling a bit dozy this afternoon. ½ñÌìÏÂÎçÎÒ¾õµÃÓеãÀ§. 2 (Brit infml ¿Ú) stupid ÓÞ´ÀµÄ: Come on, you dozy lot use your heads! ¿ìµã, ÄãÃÇÕâȺ±¿µ°--¿ª¶¯ÄÔ½îÂï! DPhil / 9di: 5fIl; 9di `fIl/ abbr Ëõд = Doctor of Philosophy £¨ÕÜѧ£©²©Ê¿: have/be a DPhil in History ÓÐÀúʷѧ²©Ê¿Ñ§Î»[ΪÀúʷѧ²©Ê¿] * Hugh Benson DPhil ºÀ¡¤±¾É­ÕÜѧ²©Ê¿. Cf ²Î¿´ PhD. DPP / 9di: pi: 5pi:; 9di pi `pi/ abbr Ëõд = (Brit) Director of Public Prosecutions ¼ì²ì¹Ù. Dr abbr Ëõд = 1 (academic or medical) Doctor ²©Ê¿; Ò½Éú: Dr (James) Walker £¨Õ²Ä·Ë¹¡¤£©ÎÖ¿ËÒ½Éú£¨»ò²©Ê¿£©. 2 (in street names) Drive £¨×÷½ÖµÀÃûµÄ£©Â·, ´óµÀ: 21 Elm Dr °£¶ûÄ·´ó½Ö21ºÅ. dr abbr Ëõд = 1 drachma(s): dr 500 500µÂÀ­¿ËÂí. 2 dram(s). drab / drAb; drAb/ adj dull; uninteresting µ¥µ÷µÄ; ·¦Î¶µÄ: a drab evening, existence, personality µ¥µ÷·¦Î¶µÄÒ¹Íí¡¢ Éú»î¡¢ ¸öÐÔ * dressed in drab colours ÒÂÖøÉ«²Ê»Ò°µ. drably adv. drabness n [U]. drachma / 5drAkmE; `drAkmE/ n (pl -mas or -mae /-mi:; -mi/) unit of money in Greece µÂÀ­¿ËÂí£¨Ï£À°»õ±Òµ¥Î»£©. Draconian / drE5kEUnIEn; drE`konIEn/ adj (fml ÎÄ) very harsh ÑÏÀ÷µÄ; ÑÏ¿áµÄ: Draconian measures, laws, policies, etc ÑÏÀ÷µÄ´ëÊ©¡¢ ·¨ÂÉ¡¢ Õþ²ßµÈ. draft / drB:ft; ?@ drAft; drAft/ n 1 [C] rough preliminary written version of sth ²Ý¸å; ²Ý°¸: This is only the draft of my speech, but what do you think of it? Õâ½ö½öÊÇÎÒÑݽ²µÄ²Ý¸å, ÄãÈÏΪÔõÑù? * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a draft amendment, copy, version ÐÞÕý²Ý°¸¡¢ ²Ý¸å¡¢ ³õ¸å. 2 (finance ²Æ) (a) [C] written order to a bank to pay money to sb »ãƱ: a draft on an American bank ÏòÒ»¼ÒÃÀ¹úÒøÐÐÌá¿îµÄ»ãƱ. (b) [U] payment of money by means of such an order »ãƱµÄÖ§¸¶. 3 [CGp] group of people chosen from a larger group for a special purpose ÌØDz¶Ó; ÌرðС×é: We're sending a fresh draft of nurses to the worst hit area. ÎÒÃÇÐÂÅÉDzһ×黤ÀíÈËÔ±¿ª¸°ÊÜÔÖ×îÖصĵØÇø. 4 the draft [sing] (US) = call-up(call2). 5 [C] (US) = draught. draft-card n (US) card summoning a man to serve in the armed forces áç±ø¿¨. draft-dodger n (US) man illegally evading the draft1(4)ÌӱܱøÒÛÕß. draft / drB:ft; ?@ drAft; drAft/ v 1 [Tn] make a preliminary version of (a document) ²ÝÄâ, Æð²Ý£¨Îļþ£©: draft a contract, parliamentary bill, treaty, etc Æð²ÝÒ»·ÝºÏͬ¡¢ Òé»á·¨°¸¡¢ ÌõÔ¼µÈ * I'm still drafting the first chapter. ÎÒ»¹ÔÚ²ÝÄâµÚÒ»ÕÂ. * a badly drafted will ²ÝÄâ²»µ±µÄÒÅÖö. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] choose (people) and send them somewhere for a special task Ñ¡ÅÉ; ³éµ÷: Extra police are being drafted in to control the crowds. ÏÖÕý¶îÍâ³éµ÷¾¯²ìÈ¥¿ØÖÆÈËȺ. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth) (US) conscript sb áçļ; áçÕÙ: be drafted into the Army, Navy, etc ±»áçÕÙ¼ÓÈë½¾ü¡¢ º£¾üµÈ. draftee / 9drB:f5ti:; ?@ 9drAf5ti:; drAf`ti/ n (US) conscript Ó¦áçÈëÎéÕß. draftsman / 5drB:ftsmEn; ?@ 5drAfts-; `drAftsmEn/ n (pl -men) 1 person responsible for the careful and exact wording of a legal document or parliamentary bill £¨·¨ÂÉÎļþ»òÒé»á·¨°¸µÄ£©Æð²ÝÈË. 2 (US) = draughtsman. drafty (US) = draughty. drag / drAg; drA^/ n 1 [C] thing made to be dragged, eg a drag-net, or heavy harrow (pulled over the ground to break up the soil) ¹©ÍÏ¡¢ À­Ö®ÎÈçÍÏÍø»òÖØ°Ò¡¡£©. 2 [U] resistance of the air to the movement of an aircraft £¨·ÉÐÐÆ÷µÄ£©¿ÕÆø×èÁ¦. Cf ²Î¿´ liftn 4. 3 [sing] (sl Ùµ) boring person or thing ÀÛ׸µÄ»òʹÈËÉúÑáµÄÈË»òÊÂÎï: Walking's a drag let's take the car. ×ß·̫·ÑÊÂ--ÎÒÃÇ×øÆû³µ°É. 4 [U] (sl Ùµ) woman's clothes worn by a man ÄÐ×Ó´©µÄÅ®×Ó·þ×°: in drag £¨ÄÐ×Ó£©´©ÖøÅ®·þ * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a drag artiste ÖøÅ®·þµÄÄÐÒÕÈË. 5 [C] (sl Ùµ) draw on a cigarette, etc Îü, ³é£¨ÏãÑ̵ȣ©. 6 [sing] ~ on sb/sth (infml ¿Ú) person or thing that makes progress difficult ÀÛ׸µÄÈË»òÊÂÎï; ÕÏ°­: She loves her family, but they're a drag on her career. ËýÈÈ°®×Ô¼ºµÄ¼ÒÍ¥, µ«¼ÒͥȴÊÇËýÊÂÒµµÄÀÛ׸. dragster / 5drAgstE(r); `drA^stL/ n car with a specially adapted motor for drag racing £¨¸Ä×°³ÉµÄ£©¸ßËÙÈü³µ. drag-hunt n hunt in which dogs follow the trail of a strong-smelling object dragged over the ground ×·ÁÔ£¨ÁÔȮѭµØÉϳô¼£×·×Ù£©. drag-net n (a) net pulled along the bottom of a river, etc, esp when searching for sth ÍÏÍø. (b) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) system of checks, raids, etc by the police for catching criminals ·¨Íø; ÂÞÍø; ¶µ²¶. drag race contest of acceleration between cars starting from a standstill Æû³µ¼ÓËÙÈü. `drag racing. drag / drAg; drA^/ v (-gg-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] pull(sb/sth) along with effort and difficulty ÍÏ, À­, ³¶, ק£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]£©: The cat was dragging its broken leg. ÄÇֻèÍÏÖø¶ÏÍȳÔÁ¦µØ×ß. * We dragged the fallen tree clear of the road. ÎÒÃǰѵ¹ÏµÄÊ÷´Ó·ÉÏÍÏ×ß. * drag oneself along, home ÍÏÖøÆ£·¦µÄÉí×ÓÇ°ÐС¢ »Ø¼Ò. =>illus at pull ¼ûpullÖ®²åͼ. =>Usage at pull2 pull2. 2 [Ipr, Ip] move slowly and with effort »ºÂý¶ø³ÔÁ¦µØÐнø: She always drags behind. Ëý×ÜÊÇÔÚááÃæ³ÔÁ¦µØ¸úÖø. 3 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] (fig ±ÈÓ÷) persuade (sb) to come or go somewhere unwillingly Ȱ˵£¨Ä³ÈË£©ÃãΪÆäÄѵØÀ´»òȥij´¦: I could hardly drag the children away (from the party). ÎҺò»ÈÝÒײŰѺ¢×ÓÃÇ£¨´Ó¾Û»áÖУ©È°×ß. * She dragged herself out of bed, still half asleep. ËýÕõÔúÖøÆðÁË´², ÓÌ×Ô˯ÑÛÐÊËÉ. 4 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) trail on the ground £¨Ê¹Ä³ÎÔÚµØÉÏÍÏÀ­: Your coat's dragging in the mud. ÄãµÄ´óÒÂÍϵ½ÄàÉÏÁË. * The ship dragged her anchor during the storm, ie The anchor did not stay in its place on the sea bottom. ´¬ÔÚ±©·çÓêÖÐÍ϶¯ÁËêÁ´. 5 [I, Ip] ~ (on) (of sth boring or irritating) go on too long £¨Ö¸·¦Î¶»òÄÕÈ˵ÄÊÂÎ½øÐйý¾Ã: The film dragged terribly. µçÓ°ÑݵÃÍÏÍÏÀ­À­. * How much longer is this going to drag on? ÕâÊ»¹ÒªÍ϶à¾Ã? 6 [Tn] search (the bottom of a river, lake, etc) with nets, hooks, etc ÍÏÖøÍø¡¢ ¹³µÈ£¨Ñغӵס¢ ºþµ×µÈ£©ËÑË÷, Ñ°ÃÙ, ´òÀÌ: They dragged the canal for the missing child. ËûÃÇÓÃÍÏÍøÑØÔ˺ӴòÀÌʧ×Ùº¢×ÓµÄʬÌå. 7 (idm Ï°Óï) drag one's `feet/`heels be deliberately slow or ineffective ¹ÊÒâÍÏí³»òµ¡¹¤: I want to sell the house, but my husband is dragging his feet, ie will not make a decision. ÎÒÏëÂôµô·¿×Ó, µ«ÎÒÕÉ·ò³Ù³Ù²»×÷¾ö¶¨. drag sb/sb's name through the mire/mud bring disgrace to sb by behaving very badly ʹijÈËÃÉÐß¡¢ ¶ª³ó. 8 (phr v) drag sb down make sb feel weak or depressed ʹijÈ˸е½Î®¶Ù»ò¾ÚÉ¥: Hot weather always drags me down. ÌìÆøÒ»ÈÈÎҾͻëÉí²»ÊÊ. drag sb down (to sth) (infml ¿Ú) bring sb to a lower social level, standard of behaviour, etc ʹijÈËÉç»áµØλ¡¢ ÐÐΪ±ê×¼µÈϽµ: I'm afraid the children will all be dragged down to his level. ÎÒ¿´ËûµÄº¢×ÓÒ²Òª¸úËûѧ»µÁË. drag sth in/into sth introduce (a subject which has nothing to do with what is being talked about) into the conversation ÔÚ̸»°Öг¶½ø²»Ïà¹ØµÄÊÂ: Must you drag politics into everything? Äã·ÇµÃÊÂʶ¼°ÑÕþÖ㶽øÀ´Âð? drag sb into doing sth make sb take part in an activity against his will Ó²À­Ä³È˲μÓij»î¶¯: She had to be dragged into seeing the dentist. ÒªËýÈ¥ÑÀ¿ÆÒ½ÉúÄÇÀï¿´²¡·ÇµÃÉúÀ­Ó²×§²»¿É. drag sth out make sth longer than necessary ʹijÊÂÎï²»±ØÒªµØÍÏÑÓ: Let's not drag out this discussion, we've got to reach a decision. ÕⳡÌÖÂÛ±ðÍÏÏÂÈ¥ÁË, ÎÒÃǵÃ×÷¸ö¾ö¶¨ÁË. drag sth out (of sb) make sb reveal or give (information, etc) unwillingly ÆÈʹijÈË͸¶»ò½»´ú£¨Çé¿öµÈ£©: drag a confession, fact, concession, etc out of sb ±ÆijÈËÕй©¡¢ ˵³öÊÂʵ¡¢ ×÷³öÈò½µÈ. drag sb up (Brit) raise (a child) badly and without proper care ½«£¨º¢×Ó£©ºúÂÒ´ø´ó. drag sth up introduce unnecessarily into a conversation (a fact, story, etc that is considered unpleasant) ÔÚ̸»°Öг¶½ø£¨²»Óä¿ìµÄÊÂÇéµÈ£©: She dragged up that incident just to embarrass me. ËýÓÖ³¶ÆðÄǼþʹÊÒâÏëʹÎÒÄÑ¿°. draggled / 5drAgEld; `drA^ld/ adj = bedraggled. dragoman / 5drAgEmEn; `drA^EmEn/ n (pl ~s) (esp formerly in some Middle Eastern countries) guide and interpreter £¨ÓÈÖ¸¾ÉʱÔÚijЩÖж«¹ú¼ÒµÄ£©µ¼ÓκÍÒëÔ±. dragon / 5drAgEn; `drA^En/ n 1 imaginary animal with wings and claws, able to breathe out fire Áú. =>illus ¼û²åͼ. 2 (fig derog ±ÈÓ÷, ±á) fierce person, esp a woman Ð׶ñµÄÈË; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©º·¸¾: The woman in charge of the accounts department is an absolute dragon! »á¼Æ¿ÆÄǸöÅ®¿Æ³¤ÊǸöÊ®×ãµÄĸҹ²æ! dragon-fly / 5drAgEnflaI; `drA^En9flaI/ n insect with a long thin body and two pairs of wings òßòÑ. dragoon / drE5gu:n; drE`^un/ n heavily-armed cavalryman ÖØÆï±ø. dragoon v (phr v) dragoon sb into doing sth force sb to do sth; bully sb into doing sth ÆÈʹ»òÍþвijÈË×öijÊÂ: We were dragooned into going to the opera. ÎÒÃÇÆȲ»µÃÒÑÈ¥¿´ÁËÄdz¡¸è¾ç. drain / dreIn; dren/ n 1 pipe or channel that carries away sewage or other unwanted liquid ÏÂË®¹Ü; ÏÂË®µÀ; Òõ¹µ: We had to call a plumber to unblock the drains. ÎÒÃǵýйܹ¤À´Í¨Ò»Í¨ÏÂË®µÀ. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page vi. 2 (US) = plug-hole. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) (go) down the `drain (infml ¿Ú) be wasted or spoilt ±»ÀË·Ñ; °×·Ñ: A single mistake and all that time and money would go down the drain. Ö»Òª·¢ÉúÒ»¸ö´íÎó, È«²¿µÄʱ¼äºÍ½ðÇ®¾Í½«¾¡¸¶¶«Á÷. a drain on sb/sth anything that continuously uses up sb's strength, time, money, etc ÏûºÄ¾«Á¦¡¢ ʱ¼ä¡¢ ½ðÇ®µÈµÄÊÂÎï: Military spending is a huge drain on the country's resources. ¾ü·Ñ¿ªÖ§Êǹú¼Ò×ÊÔ´µÄÒ»´óÏûºÄ. laugh like a drain => laugh. drain-pipe n pipe used in a system of drains ÅÅË®¹Ü. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page vi. ,drain-pipe `trousers (infml dated ¿Ú, ¾É) tight-fitting trousers with straight narrow legs ÊÝÍȽôÉí¿ã. drain / dreIn; dren/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (from sth); ~ (sth) (away/off) (cause liquid to) flow away £¨Ê¹ÒºÌ壩Á÷×ß: All the blood drained from his face, eg on hearing bad news. ËûÃæÎÞÈËÉ«£¨ÈçÌýµ½»µÏûÏ¢£©. * The bath-water slowly drained away. Ô¡³ØµÄË®ÂýÂýÅÅ×ß. * The mechanic drained all the oil from the engine. »úе¹¤½«·¢¶¯»úÖеÄÓÍÈ«²¿·Å×ß. 2 [Tn, Cn.a] empty (a glass, etc) ºÈ¹â, ºÈǬ£¨±­...ÖеÄÒûÁÏ£©: drain one's glass dry °Ñ±­ÖÐÒûÁϺȹâ. 3 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become dry as liquid flows away £¨Ê¹Ä³ÎÁ÷Ǭ, µÎǬ: Leave the dishes to drain. Èõú×Ó¿ØǬ. * drain swamps/marshes ÅÅǬÕÓÔóµØµÄË® * Land must be well drained for some crops. ijЩ×÷ÎïÒªÇóÍÁµØÓÐÁ¼ºÃµÄÅÅË®ÐÔÄÜ. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (of sth) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) make sb/sth weaker, poorer, etc by gradually using up his/its strength, money, etc ÏûºÄ»òºÄ¾¡Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]µÄ¾«Á¦¡¢ ½ðÇ®µÈ: feel drained of energy ¾õµÃ¾«Æ£Á¦½ß * a country drained of its manpower ºÄ¾¡ÈËÁ¦µÄ¹ú¼Ò. 5 (idm Ï°Óï) drink/drain sth to the dregs => dregs. 6 (phr v) drain away (fig ±ÈÓ÷) gradually disappear or fade Öð½¥Ïûʧ»òÏûÍË: Her life was slowly draining away, ie She was dying. ËýµÄÉúÃüÁ¦ÔÚÂýÂý¿Ý½ß£¨Ëý¿ìËÀÁË£©. draining-board (US drainboard) n sloping surface beside a sink, on which washed dishes, etc are put to drain £¨×°ÔÚÏ´µÓ³Ø±ßµÄ£©µÎË®°å. drainage / 5dreInIdV; `drenIdV/ n [U] 1 draining or being drained ÅÅË®; ·ÅË®. 2 system of drains ÅÅˮϵͳ. 3 what is drained off; sewage ÅųöµÄÎÛË®; ÏÂË®µÀµÄÎÛÎï. drainage-basin n area from which water is drained away by a river £¨ºÓÁ÷µÄ£©Á÷Óò. drake / dreIk; drek/ n 1 male duck ÐÛѼ; ¹«Ñ¼. Cf ²Î¿´ duck1 1. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) play ducks and drakes with sb => ducks and drakes (duck1). dram / drAm; drAm/ n 1 (abbr Ëõд dr) unit of weight, one-eighth of an ounce (apothecaries' weight) or one-sixteenth of an ounce (avoirdupois weight) ´òÀ¼£¨ÖØÁ¿µ¥Î», ΪҩºâµÄ¡¡°»Ë¾»ò³£ºâµÄ---°»Ë¾£©. 2 (esp Scot ÓÈÓÃì¶ËÕ¸ñÀ¼) small amount of alcoholic drink, esp whisky ÉÙÁ¿µÄ¾Æ£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÍþÊ¿¼É£©: He's fond of his dram. Ëûϲ»¶ºÈÒ»µã¾Æ. drama / 5drB:mE; `drBmE/ n 1 (a) [C] play for the theatre, radio or TV Ï·; ¾ç; Ï·¾ç. (b) [U] plays as a branch of literature and as a performing art Ï·¾çÎÄѧ; Ï·¾çÒÕÊõ: a masterpiece of Elizabethan drama ÒÁÀöɯ°×ʱ´úµÄÏ·¾ç½Ü×÷ * (dated or fml ¾É»òÎÄ) lovers of the drama Ï·¾ç°®ºÃÕß * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a drama critic, school, student Ï·¾çÆÀÂÛ¼Ò¡¢ ѧУ¡¢ ѧÕß. 2 [C] series of exciting events Ò»Á¬´®½ôÕŴ̼¤µÄʼþ: a real-life hospital drama Ò½ÔºÖлîÉúÉúµÄ¼¤¶¯³¡Ãæ. 3 [U, C] excitement ¼¤Çé: Her life was full of drama. ËýµÄÉú»î³äÂú¼¤¶¯ÈËÐĵÄÊÂÇé. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) make a drama out of sth exaggerate a small problem or trivial incident СÌâ´ó×ö; ¿ä´óÆä´Ê: He makes a drama out of a simple visit to the dentist. Ëû°Ñ¿´ÑÀÕâÑùÒ»¼þСÊÂŪµÃСÌâ´ó×ö. dramatic / drE5mAtIk; drE`mAtIk/ adj 1 [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] of drama Ï·¾çµÄ: a dramatic society Ï·¾çЭ»á * The play is a dramatic representation of a real event. Õâ³ö»°¾ç¸Ä±à×ÔÕæÈËÕæÊÂ. 2 exciting or impressive Ï·¾çÐÔµÄ; ¼¤¶¯ÈËÐĵÄ; ¸øÈËÉî¿ÌÓ¡ÏóµÄ: dramatic changes, developments, news ¼¤¶¯ÈËÐĵı仯¡¢ ·¢Õ¹¡¢ ÏûÏ¢ * Her opening words were dramatic. ËýµÄ¿ª³¡°×Ê®·Ö¶¯Ìý. dramatically / -klI; -klI/ adv: Her attitude changed dramatically. ËýµÄ̬¶ÈͻȻ´ó´ó¸Ä±ä. dramatics n [usu sing v ͨ³£Óëµ¥Êý¶¯´ÊÁ¬ÓÃ] 1 study or practice of acting and producing plays Ï·¾ç±íÑݺʹ´×÷µÄÑо¿»òʵ¼ù: amateur dramatics ÒµÓàÏ·¾ç»î¶¯. 2 (derog ±á) exaggerated or over-emotional behaviour ¿äÕŵĻò¹ý·Ö¼¤¶¯µÄÐÐΪ: I've had enough of your dramatics. ÎÒ¿´¹»Äã×°Ç»×÷ÊƵıíÏÖÁË. dramatic irony effect produced in a drama, etc when the audience understands the implications of words or actions better than the characters do themselves Ï·¾çÐÔ·íʾ£¨Ò»ÖÖÏ·¾çЧ¹û, ¹ÛÖÚÁì»áµ½¾çÖÐÈËÑÔÐеĺ¬Òå¶ø¾çÖÐÈ˱¾ÉíȴδÁì»áµ½£©. dramatis personae / 9drAmEtIs p\:5sEUnaI; `drAmEtIs pL`soni/ (fml ÎÄ) (list of the) characters in a play ¾çÖÐÈËÎ±í£©. dramatize, dramatise / 5drAmEtaIz; `drAmE9taIz/ v 1 [Tn] make (eg a novel or an event) into a play ½«£¨Ð¡Ëµ»òʼþ£©¸Ä±à³É¾ç±¾: a dramatized documentary, ie a play based on a report of real events »ùì¶Õæʵʼþ±¨µÀ¶ø¸Ä±à³ÉµÄÏ·¾ç. 2 [I, Tn] make (an incident, etc) seem more dramatic than it really is ʹ£¨ÊÂÇ飩Ϸ¾ç»¯; ¿äÕÅ: Don't believe everything she tells you; she tends to dramatize. ËýµÄ»°²»¿É¾¡ÐÅ; ËýÍùÍùÑÔ¹ýÆäʵ. * The affair was dramatized by the press. ÐÂÎŽç°ÑÊÂÇé¿ä´óÁË. dramatization, dramatisation / 9drmEtaI5zeIFn, -tI5z-;9drAmEtaI`zeFEn, -tE`z-/ n [U, C]: a TV dramatization of the trial. ¾ÝÉóÅмÍʵ¸Ä±à³ÉµÄµçÊÓ¾ç. dramatist / 5drAmEtIst; `drAmEtIst/ n writer of plays ¾ç×÷¼Ò; ±à¾ç. drank pt of drink3. drape / dreIp; drep/ v 1 (a) [Tn.pr] ~ sth round/over sth hang (cloth, curtains, a cloak, etc) loosely on sth ½«£¨ÒÂÎï¡¢ Á±¡¢ Ä»¡¢ ¶·ÅñµÈ£©Ðü¹Ò, Åû: a fur coat draped round her shoulders ÅûÔÚËý¼çÉϵÄƤ´óÒ * Dust-sheets were draped over the furniture. ¼Ò¾ßÉϸÇÖø·À³¾²¼. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in/with sth) cover or decorate sb/sth (with cloth, etc) £¨Óò¼µÈ£©Õڸǻò×°ÊÎijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: Dracula appeared, draped in a huge cloak. ÎüѪ¹íÅûÖøÒ»¼þ´ó¶·Åñ×ßÁ˳öÀ´. * walls draped with tapestries ÊÎÓйÒ̺µÄǽ±Ú. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth round/over sth allow sth to rest loosely on sth ½«Ä³ÎïËæ±ãΧÔÚ»ò·ÅÔÚÁíÒ»ÎïÉÏ: She draped her arms around his neck. ËýÉ쿪˫±ÛÇáÇáµØ§ÖøËûµÄ²±×Ó. drape n 1 [sing] way in which a curtain, dress, etc hangs £¨Á±¡¢ Ä»¡¢ Ò¡¢ ȹµÈ£©Ðü¹Ò×´. 2 [C] (US) = curtain. draper / 5dreIpE(r); `drepL/ n (Brit) shopkeeper who sells cloth and clothing ²¼ÉÌ; ·þ×°ÉÌ. drapery / 5dreIpErI; `drepErI/ n 1 [U] (Brit) (US dry goods) draper's trade or goods ²¼Áϼ°·þ×°Òµ»òËù¾­Ê۵ĻõÎï: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] the drapery department ²¼Áϼ°·þ×°²¿. 2 [C, U] cloth, etc hanging in loose folds ´òß¡Ðü¹ÒµÄ²¼µÈ. drastic / 5drAstIk; `drAstIk/ adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] 1 having a strong or violent effect ¼¤ÁÒµÄ; ÃÍÁÒµÄ; ÁÒÐÔµÄ: Drastic measures will have to be taken to restore order. Ϊ»Ö¸´ÖÈÐò±ØÐë²ÉÈ¡ÑÏÀ÷´ëÊ©. 2 very serious ¼«ÑÏÖصÄ: a drastic shortage of food ʳÎïµÄÑÏÖØØÑ·¦. drastically / -klI; -klI/ adv. drat / drAt; drAt/ interj (infml ¿Ú) (used to express one's annoyance with sb/sth ÓÃÒÔ±íʾÌÖÑáijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]): Drat that child! ÌÖÑáµÄº¢×Ó! > dratted adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] (infml ¿Ú): This dratted pen won't work. ÕâÖ¦ÌÖÑáµÄ¸Ö±Êд²»³ö×ÖÀ´. down draught (US down draft) / 5daUn drB:ft; ?@ drAft; `daJn 9drAft/ downward current of air, esp one that moves down a chimney into a room ÏòϵÄÆøÁ÷£¨ÓÈÖ¸´ÓÑ̴ѵ¹¹àÈëÊÒÕߣ©. draught / drB:ft; drAft/ (US draft/ drAft; drAft/) n 1 [C] current of air in a room or some other enclosed space ͨ·ç; ÆøÁ÷: Can you close the door? There's an awful draught in here. Äã°ÑÃŹØÉϺÃÂð? ÕâÀï¹ýÌ÷çÌ«´ó. * As the train began to move a pleasant draught cooled us all down. »ð³µÒ»¿ª, Ò»ÕóÁ¹·ç´µÀ´, ÎÒÃǶٸÐÁ¹Ë¬. 2 [U, sing] (nautical º£) depth of water needed to float a ship £¨´¬µÄ£©³ÔË®Éî¶È: vessels of shallow draught ³ÔˮdzµÄ´¬Ö». 3 [C] one continuous process of swallowing liquid; the amount swallowed Ò»Òû; Ò»¿ÚÖ®Á¿: take a deep/long draught of beer ºÈÒ»´ó¿ÚÆ¡¾Æ * He emptied his glass at one draught. Ëû½«±­ÖÐÎïÒ»Òû¶ø¾¡. * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) He took a deep draught of air into his lungs. ËûÉîÉîµØÎüÁËÒ»¿ÚÆø. 4 draughts (Brit) (US checkers) [sing v] table game for two players using 24 round pieces on a chequered board ¹ú¼ÊÌøÆ壨Á½È˶ÔÏÂ, ÓÃ24¸öÔ²ÐÎÆå×ÓÔÚ·½¸ñÆåÅÌÉϽøÐУ©. 5 (idm Ï°Óï) on `draught drawn from a container, esp of beer from a barrel ´ÓÈÝÆ÷Öм³È¡£¨ÓÈָͰװµÄÆ¡¾Æ£©: winter ale on draught Í°×°¶¬ÂóÑ¿¾Æ. draught adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] served on draught £¨×ÔÍ°Öм³È¡£©É¢×°µÄ: draught bitter, cider, lager, etc É¢×°¿àÆ¡¾Æ¡¢ Æ»¹û¾Æ¡¢ Öü²ØÆ¡¾ÆµÈ. draught-board (Brit) (US checkerboard) n board (identical to a chessboard) used for playing draughts ¹ú¼ÊÌøÆåÆåÅÌ. draughthorse n horse used for pulling loads ÒÛÂí; ÍìÂí. Cf ²Î¿´ pack-animal (pack1). draughtsman / 5drB:ftsmEn; `drAftsmEn/ (US draftsman / 5drAfts-; `drAfts-/) n (pl -men /-mEn; -mEn/) 1 person whose job is to make plans and sketches of machinery, buildings, etc Æð²ÝÈË; ÖÆͼԱ. 2 person who can draw well ÉÆ»­Õß; ÃÀÊõ¼Ò: I'm no draughtsman, I'm afraid, ie no good at drawing. ÎÒ¸ù±¾²»É󤻭»­. 3 (Brit) (US checker) piece used in the game of draughts ¹ú¼ÊÌøÆåÆå×Ó. draughty / 5drB:ftI; `drAftI/ (US drafty / 5drAftI; `drAftI/)adj (-ier, -iest) with draughts of air blowing through ͨ·çµÄ; ÓйýÌ÷çµÄ; Óд©Ì÷çµÄ: It's terribly draughty in here. Õâ¶ù´©Ì÷ç´ó¼«ÁË. draughtiness n [U]. draw / drR:; drR/ n 1 (a) (usu sing ͨ³£×÷µ¥Êý) ~ (for sth) act of picking at random tickets in a lottery, matches in a tournament, etc ³é½±; ³éÇ©; ×¥¶·¹ê¶ù: The draw for the raffle takes place on Saturday. ³é²ÊÒÇʽÐÇÆÚÁù¾ÙÐÐ. * the draw for the second round of the European Cup ΪŷÖÞ±­×ãÇòÈüµÚ¶þÂÖ³éÇ©. (b) lottery in which the winner is chosen this way ½±È¯; ²ÊƱ. Cf ²Î¿´ raffle. 2 result of a game in which neither player or side wins ƽ¾Ö; ²»·Öʤ¸º: The match ended in a draw 2-2. ±ÈÈüÒÔ2±È2´ò³Éƽ¾Ö½áÊø. 3 (usu sing ͨ³£×÷µ¥Êý) person or thing that attracts people ÓÐÎüÒýÁ¦µÄÈË»òÊÂÎï: A live band is always a good draw at a party. ÏÖ³¡ÑÝ×àµÄÀÖ¶ÓÔÚ¾Û»áÉÏ×ÜÊǺÜÎüÒýÈ˵Ä. 4 act of drawing at a cigarette, pipe, etc ÎüÑÌ; ³éÑ̶·. 5 (idm Ï°Óï) the luck of the draw => luck. (be) quick/slow on the `draw (a) quick/slow at pulling out one's gun, etc ÌͳöǹµÈÃô½Ý[³Ù»º]. (b) (infml ¿Ú) quick/slow to understand ÁìÎòÃô½Ý[³Ù¶Û]: He's a nice lad, but a bit slow on the draw. ËûÊǸöͦ²»´íµÄС»ï×Ó, ¾ÍÊÇÍ·ÄÔÇ·Áé»î. draw / drR:; drR/ v (pt drew/ dru:; dru/, pp drawn/drR:n; drRn/) 1 [I, Tn] make (pictures or a picture of sth) with a pencil, etc ÓÃǦ±ÊµÈ»­£¨»­£©: You draw beautifully. Äã»­µÃºÜºÃ¿´. * She drew a house. Ëý»­ÁËÒ»Ëù·¿×Ó. * draw a diagram, plan, flow chart, etc »­Ò»Ê¾Òâͼ¡¢ ƽÃæͼ¡¢ Á÷³ÌͼµÈ * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) The report drew a grim picture of inefficiency and corruption. ¸Ã±¨¸æÃè»æ³öÒ»·ùȱ·¦Ð§ÂʺÍÌ°ÎÛ¸¯»¯µÄ¿ÉÅÂÇé¾°. 2 [Ipr, Ip] move in the specified direction Ïòij·½ÏòÒƶ¯: The train drew in/into the station. »ð³µ½øÕ¾. * The car drew slowly away from the kerb. Æû³µÂýÂýÊ»Àë·±ß. * One horse drew further and further ahead. ÓÐһƥÂíÔÚÇ°Ãæ, °ÑááÃæµÄÂäµÃÔ½À´Ô½Ô¶ÁË. * A pilot boat drew alongside, ie next to a ship. Ò»ÌõÁì¸Û´¬Ê»½ü´¬±ß. * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) Christmas is drawing near. Ê¥µ®½ÚÈÕ½¥ÁÙ½ü. * His life was drawing peacefully to its close. ËûµÄÉúÃüÕýƽ¾²µØ×ßÏò½áÊø. 3(a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] pull or guide (sb/sth) into a new position À­, ÍÏ, Òýµ¼£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]£©µ½Ò»ÐÂλÖÃ: She drew a cover over the typewriter. ËýÄùýÕÖ×Ó½«´ò×Ö»úÌ×ÉÏ. * I drew my chair up (to the table). ÎÒ°ÑÒÎ×ÓÀ­½ü£¨×À×Ó£©. * She drew me onto the balcony. Ëý°ÑÎÒÀ­µ½Ñǫ̂. * I tried to draw him aside, ie where I could talk to him privately. ÎÒÏë°ÑËûÀ­µ½Ò»±ß£¨ÒÔ±ã˽ϺÍËû̸̸£©. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (of horses, etc) pull or drag (eg a carriage, a plough) £¨Ö¸ÂíÆ¥µÈ£©À­, ÍÏ£¨Èç³µ¡¢ ¡¡µÈ£©: The Queen's coach was drawn by six horses. Å®ÍõµÄÓùéýÊÇÓÉÁùÆ¥ÂíÀ­µÄ. =>Usage at pull2 Ó÷¨¼ûpull2. (c) [Tn] open or close (curtains, etc) À­¿ª, À­ÉÏ£¨Á±¡¢ Ä»µÈ£©. 4 (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth out of/from sth; ~ sth out pull sth smoothly out of its present position ³é³ö¡¢ °Î³ö»òÀ­³öijÎï: draw a file from a drawer ´Ó³éÌëÀïÈ¡³öÒ»·Ý¾í×Ú * I drew the record out of its sleeve. ÎÒ´Ó³ªÆ¬Ì×Öгé³ö³ªÆ¬. * Can you draw the cork out? ÄãÄÜ°ÑÆ¿Èû°Î³öÀ´Âð? (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) take out (a gun, knife, etc) from its holder, esp in order to attack sb £¨´ÓǹÌס¢ µ¶ÇʵÈÖУ©°Î³ö£¨ÓÈÖ¸Ö¼ÔÚ¹¥»÷£©: She drew a revolver on me. Ëý°Î³öÊÖǹ¶Ô×¼ÎÒ. * He came towards me with a drawn sword. ËûÀû½£³öÇÊ, ³åÎÒ¶øÀ´. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) gain or derive sth from study, experience, etc (used esp with the ns shown) »ñÈ¡, ¼³È¡£¨ÖªÊ¶¡¢ ¾­ÑéµÈ£©£¨ÓÈÓëÏÂÁÐÃû´ÊÁ¬Óã©: What conclusions did you draw (from your study)? Ä㣨´ÓÑо¿ÖУ©µÃ³öʲ÷á½áÂÛ? * draw a moral from a story ´Ó¹ÊÊÂÖм³È¡½Ìѵ * We can draw some lessons for the future (from this accident). £¨´ÓÕâÆðʹÊÖУ©ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔΪ½ñáἳȡ½Ìѵ. 6 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (about/on sth) make sb say more (about sth) ʹijÈË˵³ö£¨Ä³Ê£©: She wouldn't be drawn about her private life. ¹Øì¶ËýµÄ˽Éú»îÄã¾Í±ðÏëÈÃËýͶ°ëµã. * I wanted to hear about possible changes, but I couldn't draw them (on that). ÎÒºÜÏëÌýÌý¿ÉÄܻᷢÉúʲ÷á±ä¶¯, µ«ÊÇ£¨¹Øì¶ÕâÒ»µã£©²»¹ÜÔõ÷á´òÌý, ËûÃǾÍÊDz»Ëµ. 7 (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] make (eg a liquid or gas) go in a particular direction by pumping, sucking, etc ½«£¨ÈçÒºÌå»òÆøÌ壩³éµ½, ÎüÍù, ѹÖÁ: The engine draws water along the pipe. ·¢¶¯»ú½«Ë®ÑعܵÀ³éÀ´. * The diaphragm draws air into the lungs. ºáëõĤÏòÏÂÔ˶¯ÈÿÕÆø½øÈë·Î²¿. (b) [I] (of a chimney or fireplace) allow enough air to pass through a fire to make it burn properly £¨Ö¸ÑÌ´Ñ»ò±Ú¯£©Í¨·ç£¨Ê¹»ðÍú£©: The flue should draw better once it's been swept. Ñ̵ÀÒ»¾­Çåɨ, ͨ·çÇé¿öÓ¦ºÃЩ. (c) [Ipr] ~ at/on sth breathe in smoke from (a cigarette, etc) Îü, ³é£¨ÏãÑ̵ȣ©: He drew thoughtfully on his pipe. Ëû³éÖøÑ̶·, ÈôÓÐËù˼. 8 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (from sth) take sth from a larger supply ´ÓijÎïÖгéÈ¡»ò¼³È¡: draw water (from a well) £¨´Ó¾®ÖУ©¼³Ë® * He drew off a pint of beer from the barrel. Ëû´Ó¾ÆÍ°Àï³é³öһƷÍÑÆ¡¾Æ. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sth from sb/sth obtain (sth one needs) from sb/sth ´ÓijÈË[ijÎï]È¡µÃ£¨ËùÐèÖ®Î: draw support, comfort, strength, etc from one's family ´Ó¼ÒÍ¥»ñµÃÖ§³Ö¡¢ °²Î¿¡¢ Á¦Á¿µÈ * She drew inspiration from her childhood experiences. Ëý´ÓͯÄêµÄ¾­ÀúÖÐÎüÈ¡ÁËÁé¸Ð. * We draw our readers from all classes of society. ÎÒÃÇÎüÒýÁËÀ´×ÔÉç»á¸÷½×²ãµÄ¶ÁÕß. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) take (money) from a bank account £¨´ÓÒøÐÐÖУ©È¡, Ìᣨ¿î£©: Can I draw 50 from my account? ÎÒ¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÎÒµÄÕÊ»§ÉÏÌáÈ¡50Ó¢°÷Âð? (d) [Tn] receive (wages, etc) ÊÕÈ¡, ÁìÈ¡£¨¹¤×ʵȣ©: It's good to be drawing a monthly salary again. ÏÖÔÚ¿ÉÕæºÃ, ÓÖ¿ÉÒÔÁìÔÂнÁË. 9 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sb (to sth) attract or interest sb ÎüÒýijÈË; ʹijÈ˸ÐÐËȤ: The film is drawing large audiences. ÕⲿӰƬºÜÂô×ù. * Her screams drew passers-by to the scene. ËýµÄ½Ðº°Éù°Ñ¹ý·È˶¼ÎüÒýµ½ÏÖ³¡. * I felt drawn to this mysterious stranger. Õâ¸öÉñÃصÄÄ°ÉúÈËÒýÆðÎÒµÄ×¢Òâ. * What drew you to (ie made you study) medicine? ÊÇʲ÷áÔ­ÒòʹÄãѧҽµÄ? * The course draws students from all over the country. ÕâÒ»¿Î³ÌÎüÒýÖøÈ«¹ú¸÷µØµÄѧÉú. (b) ~ sth (from sb) produce (a reaction or response) ²úÉú£¨·´Ó¦»ò»ØÓ¦£©: draw tears, applause, laughter, etc ʹÈËÂäÀá¡¢ ²©µÃÕÆÉù¡¢ ÒýÈËÅõ¸¹ * The idea has drawn much criticism from both sides. ÄÇÖ÷ÒâÕÐÖÂË«·½µÄ´óÁ¿ÅúÆÀ. * The competition has drawn a large postbag. Õⳡ¾ºÈüÎüÒýÈËÃǼÄÀ´´óÁ¿Ðżþ. 10 [Tn, Tn.pr] (finance ²Æ) write out (a cheque, etc) ¿ª³ö, Ç©·¢£¨Ö§Æ±µÈ£©: The bill was drawn on an American bank. Ëù¿ªÆ±¾ÝÊǾ­ÓÉÒ»¼ÒÃÀ¹úÒøÐÐÖ§¸¶µÄ. 11 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ for sth; ~ sth (from sth) get or take sth by chance ³éÇ©; ×¥¶·¹ê: Before playing cards we drew for partners, ie decided who would partner whom by drawing cards. ÎÒÃÇÍæÅÆÇ°ÓÃ×¥ÅÆ·½Ê½¾ö¶¨ÓÎÏ·»ï°é. * draw the winner/the winning ticket (in a raffle, etc) £¨ÔÚ³é²ÊµÈ»î¶¯ÖУ©³éÇ©¾ö¶¨Öн±Õß * draw cards from a pack ÿ¼i´ÓÒ»µþÅÆÖгéÅÆ * draw lots, names from a hat, etc ³éÇ©¡¢ ´Óñ×ÓÀï×¥Ãû×Ö¶·¹êµÈ * Italy have been drawn to play Spain in the World Cup. ÔÚÊÀ½ç±­×ãÇòÈüÖÐÒâ´óÀû¶Ó×¥µ½¶·¹ê¶ù¶¨ÓëÎ÷°àÑÀ¶Ó±ÈÈü. 12 [I, Tn] finish (a game, etc) without either side winning £¨±ÈÈüµÈ£©´ò³Éƽ¾Ö, ²»·Öʤ¸º: The two teams drew. Á½¶Ó´òƽ. * draw three-all/for first place ½á¾ÖÈýƽ[¶¼µÃµÚÒ»] * The match was drawn. ±ÈÈü²»·Öʤ¸º. 13 [I] (of tea) infuse; brew £¨Ö¸²è£©Æã, ÅÝ: Let the tea draw (for three minutes). ÈòèÒ¶ÅÝ¿ª£¨µ½Èý·ÖÖÓ£©. 14 [Tn] (nautical º£) (of a ship) require (a certain depth of water) in which to float £¨´¬£©³ÔË®: a ship drawing 20 feet ³ÔË®20Ó¢³ßµÄ´¬. 15 [Tn] (dated ¾É) pull out (a tooth) °Î£¨ÑÀ£©. 16 [Tn] remove the inner organs of (a chicken, etc) ³ýÈ¥, È¡³ö£¨¼¦µÈµÄ£©ÄÚÔà. 17 [Tn] pull back the string of (a bow) before firing an arrow À­, ¿ª£¨¹­£©. 18 [Tn] mould a thin string of (metal, plastic, etc) by passing it through a small hole ½«£¨½ðÊô¡¢ ËÜÁϵȣ©À­³É»ò°Î³Éϸ˿. 19 (idm Ï°Óï) at daggers drawn => dagger. cast/draw lots => lot3. bring sth/come/draw to a close =>close5. draw an a`nalogy, a com`parison, a `parallel, etc between sth and sth show how one thing is like or contrasts with another ×÷Àà±È; ×÷¶ÔÕÕ. draw (sb's) attention to sth point sth out (to sb) ÁijÈË£©×¢ÒâijÊÂÎï: She drew my attention to an error in the report. ËýÒªÎÒ×¢Òⱨ¸æÖеÄÒ»´¦´íÎó. * I'm embarrassed about my mistake; please don't draw attention to it, eg by mentioning it to others. ÎÒ³öÁËÕâÖÖ´íÎóºÜ²»ºÃÒâ˼, Çë²»ÒªºÍ±ðÈËÌáÆð. draw a `bead (on sb/sth) (infml ¿Ú) aim carefully at sb/sth with a gun, etc ÓÃǹµÈÃé×¼£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]£©. draw a `blank get no response or result ÎÞ»ØÒô; ÎÞ½á¹û; Âä¿Õ: I tried looking him up in the directory but I drew a blank, ie his name was not there. ÎÒÔڵ绰²¾ÉÏÕÒËûµÄÃû×Ö, µ«Î´ÕÒµ½. draw `blood (a) cause sb to bleed ʹijÈËÁ÷Ѫ. (b) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) hurt sb's feelings ÉËijÈ˸ÐÇé: His wounding remarks clearly drew blood. ËûÄǼâËá¿Ì±¡µÄ»°ÏÔÈ»ºÜÉËÈË. draw `breath (a) pause to breathe deeply after an effort ´­; Ъ¿ÚÆø. (b) live »îÖø: as kind a man as ever drew breath ÊÀÉÏÒ»´óºÃÈË * You won't want for a friend as long as I draw breath. Ö»ÒªÎÒ»îÖø, ¾ÍÓÀÔ¶ÊÇÄãµÄÅóÓÑ. draw a distinction between sth and sth show how two things differ Ö¸³öÁ½ÊÂÎï¼äµÄ²»Í¬; ½«Á½ÊÂÎï¼ÓÒÔÇø·Ö. draw sb's `fire make sb direct his anger, criticism, etc at oneself, so that others do not have to face it ÎüÒý¶Ô·½»ðÁ¦; Ϊ±ðÈË´òÑÚ»¤. draw one's first/last `breath be born/die ³öÉú[ËÀÍö]. draw in one's `horns become defensive or cautious, esp about one's finances ²ÉÈ¡ÊØÊÆ; ½÷É÷; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©¼õËõ¿ªÖ§: You'll have to draw your horns in, ie spend less money. ÄãµÃ½ôËõ¿ªÖ§ÁË. draw the line at sth/doing sth refuse to do or to tolerate sth ¾Ü¾ø×öijÊÂÎï; ¾Ü²»ÈÝÈÌijÊÂÎï: I don't mind helping, but I draw the line at doing everything myself. ÎÒ¿ÉÒÔ°ïæ, ²»¹ýʲ÷áʶ¼ÈÃÎÒ¸É, ÄǾͲ»ÐÐÁË. * A line has to be drawn somewhere I can't go on lending you money. ÊÂÇé×ܵÃÓиö·Ö´ç--ÎÒ²»ÄܼÌÐø½è¸øÄãÇ®ÁË. draw `stumps (in cricket) mark the end of play (by removing the stumps) £¨°åÇòÏ·ÖУ©½áÊø±ÈÈü£¨³·×ßÈýÖùÃÅÃÅÖù£©. draw sb's/sth's `teeth/`fangs make sb/sth harmless ʹijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]²»ÄÜΪº¦; ʹÎÞÄÜΪÁ¦: Critics fear the bill will have its teeth drawn before it becomes law. ÆÀÂÛ¼Òµ£ÐÄ·¨°¸»ñͨ¹ýʱÒÑ·æ⾡ʧ. draw `trumps (in various card-games) play the trump suit until one's opponents have none left £¨ÔÚ¸÷ÖÖÅÆÏ·ÖУ©µõÍõÅÆ. draw oneself up to one's full `height stand as tall and straight as possible (esp as a sign of determination) °ÑÉíÌåͦµÃ±ÊÖ±£¨ÓÈÖ¸±íʾϾöÐÄ£©: `Never!' she replied, drawing herself up to her full height. £à¾ø²»!£§Ëý°ºÊ×ͦÐØÕ¾Öø, Ê®·Ö¼á¾öµØ»Ø´ð. draw a veil over sth tactfully not say anything about sth ±Ü¶ø²»Ì¸Ä³ÊÂ: I propose to draw a veil over the appalling events that followed. ÎÒ½¨Ò鲻Ҫ̸¼°ááÀ´·¢ÉúµÄÄÇЩº§ÈËÌýÎŵÄÊÂ. 20 (phr v) draw back (from sth/doing sth) not take action, esp because one feels unsure or nervous ³·»Ø, È¡Ïû£¨ÓÈÒòÎÞ°ÑÎÕ»ò²»°²£©: draw back from a declaration of/from declaring war È¡ÏûÐûÕ½¾ö¶¨. draw in (of the hours of daylight) get shorter before winter £¨Ö¸°×ÌìµÄʱ¼ä£©½¥¶Ì: The days are drawing in. °×ÌìÔ½À´Ô½¶ÌÁË. draw sb into sth/doing sth; draw sb in make sb take part in sth, esp against his will ʹijÈ˲μÓijÊÂÎÓÈÖ¸ÃãÇ¿ËûÈË£©: I found myself being drawn into another dreary argument. ÎÒ·¢ÏÖ¾¹È»Éí²»ÓɼºÓÖ²ÎÓëÁËÒ»´ÎÎÞÁĵÄÕùÂÛ. * We organize various social activities, but not all the members want to be drawn in. ÎÒÃÇ×éÖ¯Á˸÷ʽ¸÷ÑùµÄÉç ½»»î¶¯, µ«²¢·ÇËùÓлáÔ±¶¼Ô¸Òâ²Î¼Ó. draw on (of a time or season) approach £¨Ö¸Ê±¼ä»ò¼¾½Ú£©ÁÙ½ü, ½Ó½ü: Night was drawing on. Ò¹½¥Éî. draw on/upon sth use sth ʹÓÃ; ÀûÓÃ; ÔËÓÃ: We drew on her experience throughout the project. ÎÒÃÇÕâÒ»ÏîÄ¿×ÔʼÖÁÖÕ¶¼½èÖØËýµÄ¾­Ñé. * I shall have to draw on my savings. ÎÒÖ»ºÃ¶¯ÓÃÎҵĴ¢Ðî. draw sb on attract or entice sb ÎüÒý»òÒýÓÕijÈË: They drew investors on with visions of instant wealth. ËûÃÇÎüÒýÁË´óÅúͶ×ÊÕß, ʹËûÃÇÒÔΪ¿ÉÒÔÁ¢¿Ì·¢²ÆÖ¸». draw out (of the hours of daylight) become longer in spring £¨Ö¸°×ÌìµÄʱ¼ä£©½¥³¤. draw sb out (about sth) encourage sb to talk, etc ¹ÄÀøijÈË˵»°µÈ: He's very shy and needs to be drawn out. ËûºÜ¡¡Ìó, ÐèÒª¹ÄÀø²Å¿Ï˵»°. * I drew the old man out about his war experiences. ÎÒÉè·¨ÈÃÄÇÀÏÈ˽²ÊöÁËËûµÄÕ½Õù¾­Àú. draw sth out make (an event, etc) longer than usual ½«£¨ÊÂÇéµÈ£©Íϳ¤: She drew the interview out to over an hour. Ëý°Ñ»á¼ûÍϳ¤, ³¬¹ýÁËһСʱ. * a long-drawn-out discussion ÍϵúܾõÄÌÖÂÛ. draw up (of a vehicle) come to a stop £¨Ö¸³µÁ¾µÈ£©Í£ÏÂÀ´: The taxi drew up outside the house. ¼Æ³Ì³µÍ£ÔÚ·¿×ÓÍâÃæ. draw sb up (usu passive ͨ³£ÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬) arrange (esp troops) in a special order ʹ£¨ÓÈÖ¸²¿¶Ó£©ÅźöÓÐÎ: troops drawn up in ranks ÕûºÃ¶ÓÐεIJ¿¶Ó. draw sth up write out (eg a contract, a list) ²ÝÄâ»òд³ö£¨ÈçºÏͬ, Ãûµ¥£©. drawstring n string that can be pulled so as to close a bag, purse, garment, etc £¨¿Ú´ü¡¢ Ç®°ü¡¢ Ò·þµÈµÄ£©Êø´ø, À­Éþ. drawback / 5drR:bAk; `drR9bAk/ n ~ (of/to doing sth) disadvantage; problem ²»ÀûÌõ¼þ; ȱµã; ÕÏ°­: The great drawback to living on a main road is the constant noise. סÔÚͨáé´óµÀÉϵÄ×î´óȱµã¾ÍÊÇÔëÉù²»¶Ï. drawbridge / 5drR:brIdV; `drR9brIdV/ n bridge (esp formerly across the moat of a castle) that can be pulled up to stop people crossing µõÇÅ£¨ÓÈÖ¸¾Éʱ¿çÔ½³Ç±¤»¤º¾µÄ£©: lower/raise the drawbridge ·ÅÏÂ[À­Æð]µõÇÅ. =>illus at castle ¼ûcastleÖ®²åͼ. drawer / drR:(r); drRr/ n 1 box-like container, with one or more handles but no lid, that slides in and out of a piece of furniture, etc ³éÌë: the middle drawer of my desk ÎÒµÄд×Ǫ̈ÖмäµÄ³éÌë * clear out one's drawers ÇåÀí³éÌë. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page xvi. 2 / 5drR:E(r); `drRL/ (a) (finance ²Æ) person who draws a cheque, etc £¨Ö§Æ±, Ʊ¾ÝµÈµÄ£©¿ªÆ±ÈË, ³öƱÈË. (b) person who draws pictures ÖÆͼÕß; »æͼԱ; »­Õß: I'm not a very good drawer. ÎÒ²»Éó¤»æͼ. drawers / drR:z; drRrz/ n [pl] (dated ¾É) knickers or underpants ÄÚ¿ã: a pair of drawers Ò»ÌõÄÚ¿ã. drawing / 5drR:IN; `drRIN/ n 1 [U] art of representing objects by lines, with a pencil, chalk, etc »æ»­£¨ÒÕÊõ£©; ÖÆͼ£¨¼¼ÇÉ£©: classes in figure drawing ÈËÎïËØÃè¿Î. 2 [C] picture made in this way ͼ»­; ͼÑù: a collection of Italian drawings Òâ´óÀûËØÃ輯. drawing-board n 1 flat board to which paper is fixed while a drawing is made ÖÆͼ°å; »æͼ°å. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) (go) back to the drawing-board prepare a new plan for sth because an earlier one has failed £¨Ê§°ÜáᣩÖØÐÂ×ö: They've rejected our proposal, so it's back to the drawing-board, I'm afraid. ËûÃÇÒѾ­¾Ü¾øÁËÎÒÃǵĽ¨Òé, ¿´À´ÎÒÃǵôÓÍ·À´ÁË. drawing-pin (US thumb-tack) n flat-headed pin for fastening paper, etc to a board, wall, etc ͼ¶¤. drawing-room / 5drR:IN rUm, -ru:m; `drRIN9rJm, -rum/ n room, esp in a large private house, in which people relax and guests are received and entertained ¿ÍÌü£¨ÓÈָ˽ÈË´óÕ¬Öеģ©. Cf ²Î¿´ living room (living). drawl / drR:l; drRl/ v [I, Tn, Tn.p] speak or say (sth) in a slow lazy manner, with drawn-out vowels Íϳ¤Ç»µ÷ÂýÍÌÍ̵Ø˵£¨»°£©: drawl (out) one's words À­³¤µ÷˵»°. drawl n [sing] drawling manner of speaking Íϳ¤Ç»µ÷ÂýÍÌÍ̵Ä˵»°·½Ê½: a broad Texan drawl µÃ¿ËÈø˹ÖÝÈË×Ö×ÖÀ­³¤µ÷µÄ˵»°·½Ê½. drawn / drR:n; drRn/ adj (of a person or his face) looking very tired or worried £¨Ö¸ÈË»òÈËÁ³£©Æ£±¹µÄ, ã¾ã²µÄ, ³îü¿àÁ³µÄ: She looked pale and drawn after weeks of sleepless nights. Ëý¾­ÀúÁËÊýÖܲ»ÃßÖ®Ò¹, ¿´ÉÏÈ¥Á³É«²Ô°×, ÐÎÈÝã¾ã². drawn pp of draw2. dray / dreI; dre/ n low flat cart for carrying heavy loads, esp barrels from a brewery °å³µ, ´ó³µ£¨ÓÈָװÔËÄðÔ쳧µÄ´óľͰÕߣ©. dray-horse n horse used for pulling a dray À­°å³µµÄÂí. dread / dred; drZd/ n 1 [U, C] great fear; terror ¿Ö¾å; η¾å: He has always stood in dread of his father. ËûÒ»¼ûµ½Ëû¸¸Ç׾ͺ¦ÅÂ. * She has a dread of hospitals. Ëýº¦ÅÂÒ½Ôº. 2 [C] thing that is greatly feared ÁîÈ˾åŵÄÊÂÎï: Poverty is many people's constant dread. È˳£ÅÂÊÜÇî. dread v [Tn, Tf, Tt, Tg, Tsg] fear (sth) greatly ¾åÅÂ, º¦ÅÂ, η¾å£¨Ä³Ê£©: dread illness/being ill º¦ÅÂÉú²¡ * I dread that I may never see you again. ÎÒºÜÅÂÔÙÒ²¼û²»µ½ÄãÁË. * We all dread to think what will happen if the factory closes. ¼ÙÈ繤³§¹Ø±Õ¿ÉÔõ÷á°ì, ÎÒÃÇÏë¼°´Ëʶ¼²»º®¶øÀõ. * The moment I had been dreading had arrived. ʹÎÒÒ»Ö±ìþìý²»°²µÄʱ¿ÌÒѾ­À´µ½. dreaded adj greatly feared ·Ç³£¿ÉŵÄ: the dreaded scourge of smallpox ¿ÉŵÄÌ컨»öº¦. dreadful / 5dredfl; `drZdfEl/ adj 1 [esp attrib ÓÈ×÷¶¨Óï] causing great fear or suffering; shocking ²úÉú¼«´ó¿Ö¾å»òÍ´¿àµÄ; ʹÈËÕ𾪵Ä: a dreadful accident, disease, nightmare ¿ÉŵÄʹʡ¢ ¼²²¡¡¢ ¶ñÃÎ * He has to live with the dreadful knowledge that he caused their deaths. ËûÖªµÀÊÇ×Ô¼ºÊ¹ËûÃÇÉ¥Ãü¶øÖÕÉúÍ´¿à. 2 (infml ¿Ú) bad, boring or annoying Ôã¸âµÄ; ÌÖÑáµÄ; ·³È˵Ä: What dreadful weather! ÌìÆøÔã͸ÁË! * a dreadful film, man, meal, country Ôã¸âµÄӰƬ¡¢ ÈË¡¢ ·¹²Ë¡¢ ¹ú¼Ò * The noise was dreadful. ÔëÉùÕæÌÖÑá. 3 [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] (infml ¿Ú) (used intensively ÓÃÒÔ¼ÓÇ¿ÓïÆø): I'm afraid it's all a dreadful mistake. ¿´À´È«¶¼´ó´íÌØ´íÁË. dreadfully / -fElI; -fElI/ adv 1 in a serious or shocking manner ÑÏÖصØ; À÷º¦µØ; º§È˵Ø: dreadfully injured ÑÏÖØÊÜÉË. 2 (infml ¿Ú) badly Ôã¸â: This article is dreadfully written. ÕâƪÎÄÕÂдµÃÔ㼫ÁË. 3 (infml ¿Ú) very ·Ç³£; ¼«Æä: I'm afraid it's dreadfully late. ÎÒ¿´ÒѾ­Ì«³ÙÁË. dreadfulness n [U]. dreadlocks / 5dredlCks; `drZd9lBks/ n [pl] hair worn in long curled strands, esp by Rastafarians À­Ë¹Ëþ·¨Àïʽ·¢ç¸£¨ÓÈÖ¸·ÇÖÞÀ­Ë¹Ëþ·¨ÀïÈËËùÐîÂúÍ·ÓÖ³¤ÓÖϸµÄ·¢±è£©. =>illus at plait ¼ûplaitÖ®²åͼ. dreadnought / 5drednR:t; `drZd9nRt/ n early 20th century battleship ÎÞηս½¢£¨20ÊÀ¼Í³õµÄÒ»ÖÖÕ½½¢£©. dream / dri:m; drim/ n 1 [C] sequence of scenes and feelings occurring in the mind during sleep ÃÎ: I have a recurrent dream that I've turned into an elephant. ÎÒÂÅ´ÎÃμû×Ô¼º±ä³ÉÁË´óÏó. * Good night -- sweet dreams! Íí°²--×£Äã×öºÃÃÎ! 2 [sing] state of mind in which things happening around one seem unreal Èçì¶ÃÎÖеÄÐÄ̬: be/live/go around in a (complete) dream £¨È«È»£©´¦ì¶[Éú»îÔÚ]ÃλÃÖÐ. 3 [C] ambition or ideal, esp when it is unrealistic ±§¸º; ÀíÏë; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©ÃÎÏë: My son's dream is to be an astronaut. ÎÒ¶ù×ÓµÄÀíÏëÊǵ±ÓԱ. * the car, holiday, home of your dreams ÄãÃÎÃÂÒÔÇóµÄÆû³µ¡¢ ¼ÙÈÕ¡¢ ¼ÒÔ° * If I win the tournament, it will be a dream come true, ie something I wanted very much, but did not expect to happen. ÎÒÒªÊÇÄÜÓ®µÃ½õ±êÈü, ÎÒµÄÃÎÏë¾ÍʵÏÖÁË. 4 [sing] (infml ¿Ú) beautiful or wonderful person or thing ÃÀÀö»òÃÀºÃµÄÈË»òÊÂÎï: Her new dress is an absolute dream. ËýµÄÐÂÁ¬ÒÂȹƯÁÁ¼«ÁË. * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a dream house, kitchen ÀíÏëµÄ·¿ÎÝ¡¢ ³ø·¿. 5 (idm Ï°Óï) a bad `dream situation that is so unpleasant one cannot believe it is real جÃΰãµÄ´¦¾³: You can't be leaving me this is a bad dream! ÄãǧÍò²»¿ÉÀ뿪ÎÒ--ÕâÌ«¿ÉÅÂÁË! beyond one's wildest dreams => wild. go, etc like a `dream (infml ¿Ú) work very well ¼«ºÃÓÃ; ÐÔÄܼ«¼Ñ: My new car goes like a dream. ÎÒµÄÐÂÆû³µ¿ªÆðÀ´µÃÐÄÓ¦ÊÖ. dreamless adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] (of sleep) without dreams; deep and sound £¨Ö¸Ë¯Ãߣ©ÎÞÃεÄ, º¨³©µÄ. dream-land / -lAnd; -9lAnd/ n [U] (derog ±á) pleasant but unrealistic situation imagined by sb ¿ÕÏë; »ÃÏë: You must be in dream-land if you think he'll pay that much! ÒªÊÇÒÔΪËû»á¸øÄÇ÷á¶à±¨³ê, ²»à´ÊdzÕÈË˵ÃÎ! dreamlike adj like a dream ÈçÃεÄ; ÃλðãµÄ. dream world state where sb imagines everything is the way he would like it to be ÍòÊÂÈçÒâµÄÀíÏë¾³½ç; ÀíÏëÊÀ½ç. dream / dri:m; drim/ v (pt, pp dreamed/ / dri:md; drimd/ or dreamt/ dremt; drZmt/) =>Usage ¼ûËù¸½Ó÷¨. 1 (a) [I] have a dream while asleep ×öÃÎ: She claims she never dreams. Ëý˵Ëý´ÓÀ´²»×öÃÎ. (b) [Ipr, Tn, Tf] ~ (of sth/doing sth); ~ about sth/doing sth experience sth in a dream ÃμûijÊÂÎï: I dreamt about flying last night. ×òÒ¹ÎÒÃμûÎÒÔÚ·ÉÏè. * Was it real or did I dream it? ÊÇÕæµÄ»¹ÊÇÎÒµ±Ê±ÔÚ×öÃÎ? * I dreamt (that) I could fly. ÎÒÃμûÎÒÄÜ·ÉÏè. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tf] ~ (of/about doing sth) imagine sth ÏëÏñ¡¢ »ÃÏë»òÃÎÏëijÊÂÎï: I never promised to lend you my car: you must be dreaming! ÎÒ´Óδ´ðÓ¦¹ý°ÑÆû³µ½è¸øÄã: ÄãÊÇÔÚ×öÃΰÉ! * He dreams of one day becoming a famous violinist. ËûÃÎÏëÓг¯Ò»ÈÕ³ÉΪÖøÃûµÄСÌáÇÙ¼Ò. * Who'd have dreamt it? They're getting married! Ë­ÄÜÏëÏñµÃµ½? ËûÃǾ¹È»Òª½á»éÁË! * I never dreamt (that) I'd see you again. ÎÒ¾øûÏëµ½»¹ÄÜ¿´¼ûÄã. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) not dream of sth/doing sth not do sth under any circumstances ÎÞÂÛÈçºÎÒ²²»×öijÊÂÎï: I should never have dreamt of saying such a thing. ÎÒÎÞÂÛÈçºÎÒ²²»»á˵³öÕâÑùµÄ»°À´. * I'd never dream of allowing my child to do that. ÎÒ¾ö²»ÔÊÐíÎҵĺ¢×Ó×öÄÇÖÖÊÂ. 4 (phr v) dream sth away spend (time) idly Ðé¶È£¨¹âÒõ£©: She dreamt her life away, never really achieving anything. ËýÐé¶ÈÒ»Éú, Ò»ÊÂÎÞ³É. dream on (infml ironic ¿Ú, ·´Óï) continue to hope for sth that will not happen ³ÕÐÄÍýÏë: So you want a rise? Dream on! ÄÇ÷á˵ÄãÏë¼Óн? ×öÃÎÈ¥°É! dream sth up (infml ¿Ú) think of (esp sth imaginative or foolish) ÏëÈë·Ç·Ç: Trust you to dream up a crazy scheme like this! ¿÷ÄãÏëµÃ³öÕâÖÖÒìÏëÌ쿪µÄ¼Æ»®! dreamer n 1 person who is dreaming ×öÃεÄÈË. 2 (usu derog ͨ³£×÷±áÒå) (a) person with (seemingly) impractical ideas, plans, etc ÃÎÏë¼Ò; ¿ÕÏë¼Ò: People who said we would go to the moon used to be called dreamers. ´ÓÇ°°ÑÄÇЩ˵ÎÒÃÇÒªµÇÉÏÔÂÇòµÄÈ˶¼³Æ֮Ϊ¿ÕÏë¼Ò. (b) person who does not concentrate on what happens around him, but daydreams instead ×ö°×ÈÕÃÎÕß: Don't rely on his memory he's a bit of a dreamer. ²»ÒªÏàÐÅËûµÄ¼ÇÒäÁ¦--ËûÓеãÉñ²»ÊØÉáµÄ. dream NOTE ON USAGE Ó÷¨: Several verbs have alternative regular and irregular past tense and past participle forms ÓÐЩ¶¯´Ê¼æÓйæÔòºÍ²»¹æÔòµÄ¹ýȥʽºÍ¹ýÈ¥·Ö´ÊµÄÐÎʽ: dream, dreamed/dreamt; spoil, spoiled/spoilt. In British English the irregular form (dreamt, spoilt, etc) is preferred. ÔÚӢʽӢÓïÖжàÓò»¹æÔòµÄÐÎʽ£¨dreamt¡¢ spoiltµÈ£©. The regular past tense is more often used when it describes an action that lasts some time ÃèÊö¶¯×÷ÑÓÐøÒ»¶Îʱ¼äʱ, ¶àÓùæÔòµÄ¹ýȥʽ: He learnt his lesson. ËûµÃµ½Á˽Ìѵ. * She learned a lot about life from her mother. Ëý´ÓĸÇ×ÄÇÀïѧµ½²»ÉÙ×öÈ˵ĵÀÀí. * He leant against the post and it broke. ËûÍù¸Ë×ÓÉÏÒ»ÒÐ, ¸Ë×ӾͶÏÁË. * He leaned out of the window watching the parade. Ëû´Ó´°¿Ú̽³öÉí¿´ÓÎÐÐ. In US English there is a preference for the regular past tense and past participle forms (dreamed, spoiled, etc). ÔÚÃÀʽӢÓïÖжàÓùæÔòµÄ¹ýȥʽºÍ¹ýÈ¥·Ö´ÊµÄÐÎʽ£¨dreamed¡¢ spoiledµÈ£©. In both British and US English the irregular form of the past participle is found in adjectival uses ÔÚӢʽӢÓïºÍÃÀʽӢÓïÖÐ, ¹ýÈ¥·Ö´ÊµÄ²»¹æÔòÐÎʽ×÷ÐÎÈÝ´ÊÓÃ: a spoilt child ³è»µÁ˵ĺ¢×Ó * spilt milk ÆÃÈ÷Á˵ÄÅ£ÄÌ * a misspelt word Æ´´íµÄ×Ö. dreamy / 5dri:mI; `drimI/ adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (of a person) with thoughts far away from his present surroundings, work, etc £¨Ö¸ÈË£©ÐIJ»ÔÚÑɵÄ. 2 vague or unclear Ä£ºýµÄ; ²»Çå³þµÄ: a dreamy recollection of what happened ¶ÔÒÑ·¢ÉúµÄÊÂÇéÄ£ºýµÄ»ØÒä. 3 (infml ¿Ú) pleasantly gentle and relaxing ÇáÈáµÄ; ÇáËÉÌñ¾²µÄ: dreamy music ÃλðãÈáÂüµÄÒôÀÖ. 4 (infml ¿Ú) wonderful ¾øÃîµÄ; ¼«ºÃµÄ: What a dreamy little house! ¶à÷áСÇÉÁáççµÄ·¿×Ó°¡! dreamily / -IlI; -IlI/ adv. dreaminess n [U]. dreary / 5drIErI; `drIrI/ (also arch ¹ÅÓï×÷ drear / drIE(r); drIr/) adj (-ier, -iest) 1 that makes one sad or depressed; dismal; gloomy ʹÈËÃÆÃƲ»ÀÖ»ò¾ÚÉ¥µÄ; Òõ³ÁµÄ; ÓÇÓôµÄ: a dreary winter day ³ÁÃƵĶ¬ÈÕ. 2 (infml ¿Ú) boring; dull ÁîÈËÑá·³µÄ; µ¥µ÷µÄ; ¿ÝÔïµÄ: dreary people leading dreary lives ¹ýÖøÎÞÁÄÉú»îµÄÎÞÁĵÄÈË. drearily / 5drIErElI; `drIrElI/ adv. dreariness n [U]. dredge / dredV; drZdV/ (also dredger) n machine for scooping or sucking mud, etc from the bottom of a river, canal, etc ÍÚÄà»ú£¨´ÓºÓµ×ÍÚ»òÎüÄàµÈµÄ»úÆ÷£©. dredge v 1 [Tn] deepen or clear (a river, etc) with a dredge £¨ÓÃÍÚÄà»ú£©Êè¿££¨ºÓµÀµÈ£©: They have to dredge the canal so that ships can use it. ËûÃÇÐëÊè¿£Ô˺ӺӵÀÂÖ´¬·½¿Éͨº½. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (from sth) bring sth up using a dredge £¨ÓÃÍÚÄà»ú£©ÍÚ³ö»òÎü³öijÎï: dredge for oysters ²ÉÀÌĵòà * We're dredging (up) mud (from the river bed). ÎÒÃÇÕýÔÚ£¨´ÓºÓ´²£©ÍÚÓÙÄà. 3 (phr v) dredge sth up (usu derog ͨ³£×÷±áÒå) mention sth that has been forgotten, esp sth that is unpleasant or embarrassing ÖØÌá¾ÉÊ£¨ÓÈÖ¸²»Óä¿ì»òÁîÈËÄÑ¿°Õߣ©: dredge up details of that episode in Cairo ÖØÌáÒѱ»ÒÅÍüµÄ¿ªÂÞʼþÖеÄÐí¶àϸ½Ú. dredger (also dredge) n boat or machine used for dredging ÍÚÄà´¬; ÍÚÄà»ú. dredge / dredV; drZdV/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (with B); ~ B over/on A sprinkle (food) with (flour, sugar, etc) £¨ÔÚʳÎïÉÏ£©Èö£¨Ãæ·Û¡¢ Ìǵȣ©: dredge a cake with icing sugar °ÑÌÇ˪ÈöÔÚµ°¸âÉÏ * dredge icing sugar over a cake ÔÚµ°¸âÉÏÈöÌÇ˪. dredger n container with holes in the lid, used for dredging food Èö·ÛÆ÷£¨¸ÇÉÏÓÐС¿×, ÓÃÒÔÏòʳÎïÈö·ÛÕߣ©. dregs / dregz; drZ^z/ n [pl] 1 solid particles that sink to the bottom of certain liquids, esp wine and beer ³ÁµíÎÓÈÖ¸ÆÏÌѾƺÍÆ¡¾ÆÖÐÕߣ©. 2 (fig ±ÈÓ÷) worst and most useless part (of sth) ²ÐÔü; Ôü×Ò: the dregs of society Éç»áµÄÔü×Ò. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) drink/drain sth to the `dregs drink all of sth ºÈǬ; ºÈ¹â. drench / drentF; drZntF/ v [esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬: Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] 1 make (sb/sth) completely wet ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]£©ÊªÍ¸: We were caught in the storm and got drenched (through/to the skin). ÎÒÃÇÓöÉÏ´óÓê, È«¶¼½½Í¸ÁË. * be drenched with rain ±»Ó꽽͸. 2 ~ sb/sth (in/with sth) apply (a liquid) freely to sb/sth ÔÚijÈË[ijÎï]ÉÏ´óÁ¿Ê¹Óã¨Ä³ÒºÌ壩: drench oneself in perfume È«ÉíÅçÂúÏãË® * The poster wouldn't stick even though I drenched it with glue. ÎÒÍ¿ÁË´óÁ¿½ºË®, ¿ÉÄÇÕź£±¨¾ÍÊÇÌù²»×¡. drenching n thorough wetting ʪ͸. dress / dres; drZs/ n 1 [C] garment for a woman or girl, consisting of a bodice and skirt in one piece; frock Á¬ÒÂȹ; £¨ÉÏÏÂÁ¬ÉíµÄ£©Å®×°: She makes all her own dresses. ËýµÄÁ¬ÒÂȹ¶¼ÊÇ×Ô¼º×öµÄ. 2 [U] clothes, esp outer garments, for either men or women Ò·þ£¨ÄÐÅ®¾ù¿É£©; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©ÍâÒÂ: casual/formal dress ±ã·þ[Àñ·þ] * evening dress ÍíÀñ·þ. dress-circle n (Brit) (US first balcony) first gallery in a theatre (where evening dress was formerly required) Ï·ÔºÖÐÂ¥ÌüµÄÇ°ÅÅ×ù루´ÓÇ°ÒªÇó×ø¸Ã´¦µÄ¹ÛÖÚ´©ÍíÀñ·þ£©. Cf ²Î¿´ mezzanine. dressmaker n person (esp a woman) who makes women's clothes £¨×¨×öÅ®·þµÄ£©²Ã·ì, £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©Å®²Ã·ì. dressmaking n [U]. dress rehearsal 1 final rehearsal of a play, with the costumes, lighting, etc as they would be in a real performance ²ÊÅÅ. 2 (fig ±ÈÓ÷) practice ÅÅÑÝ; ÑÝÏ°: The earlier revolts had just been dress rehearsals for full-scale revolution. ÄÇЩ³õÆڵķ´Åѻֻ²»¹ýÊÇ´ó¹æÄ£¸ïÃüÐж¯µÄÑÝÏ°. dress-shirt n shirt, sometimes with a frilly front, worn with a dinner jacket Àñ·þ³ÄÉÀ£¨ÓÐʱǰ½óÓÐñÞ±ß×°ÊΣ©. dress uniform elegant military dress worn by officers on ceremonial occasions ¾üÀñ·þ. dress / dres; drZs/ v 1 [I, Tn] put clothes on (sb/oneself) ´©ÒÂ: He takes ages to dress. Ëû´©ÒÂÒªÓúܳ¤Ê±¼ä. * Hurry up and get dressed! ¿ìµã´©ÉÏÒ·þ! * Is she old enough to dress herself yet? Ëý»á×Ô¼º´©Ò·þÁËÂð? * He was dressed as a woman, ie wearing a woman's clothes. ËûÄаçÅ®×°. * a woman dressed in green ´©ÖøÂÌÒ·þµÄÅ®×Ó. 2 [I, Ipr] put on evening dress ´©ÍíÀñ·þ: Do I need to dress for the theatre? ÎÒÈ¥¾çÔºÐèÒª´©ÍíÀñ·þÂð? 3 [I, Tn] provide (sb/oneself) with clothes Ϊ£¨Ä³ÈË[×Ô¼º]£©ÌṩÒ·þ: dress well, badly, fashionably, gaudily, etc ´©µÃºÃ¡¢ ²»ºÃ¡¢ ʱ÷Ö¡¢ Ë×ÆøµÈ * She can hardly dress her children on the allowance he gives her. Ëû¸øËýµÄÄǵãÇ®Á¬¸øº¢×ÓÂòÒ·þ¶¼²»¹». * The princess is dressed by a rising young designer. ¹«Ö÷µÄÒ·þÊÇһλ³õ¶ͷ½ÇµÄÄêÇáÉè¼ÆʦÉè¼ÆµÄ. 4 [Tn] decorate (sth) ×°ÊΣ¨Ä³Î: dress a shop window, ie arrange a display of goods in it ²¼Öó÷´° * dress a street with flags ÓÃÆì×Ó×°ÊνֵÀ * dress a Christmas tree with lights ÓòʵÆ×°ÊÎÊ¥µ®Ê÷. 5 [Tn] clean and bandage (a wound, etc) ÇåÏ´²¢°üÔú£¨É˿ڵȣ©. 6 [Tn] finish or treat the surface of (sth) ¼Ó¹¤¡¢ ´¦Àí»òÐÞÕû£¨Ä³ÎïµÄ£©±íÃæ: dress leather, stone, etc ÷·Æ¤¡¢ ×ÁʯµÈ. 7 [Tn] prepare (food) for cooking or eating ΪÅëµ÷»òʳÓÃ×¼±¸£¨Ê³Î: dress a chicken, ie clean it ready for cooking °Ñ¼¦ÇåÏ´ºÃ£¨´ýÅ룩 * dress a salad, ie add a dressing to it before serving ¸øÉ«À­¼Óµ÷ζƷ. 8 [Tn] brush (a horse's coat); groom ÊáË¢£¨ÂíµÄ룩; ÊáÀí. 9 [I, Tn] draw up (troops) in line Õû¶Ó: dress the ranks Õû¶Ó. 10 (idm Ï°Óï) (be) dressed in sth wearing sth ´©Ä³Îï: The bride was dressed in white. ÐÂÄï´©Ò»Éí°×É«µÄÀñ·þ. (be) dressed like a dog's dinner (infml ¿Ú) dressed very smartly or showily ´©ÖøÊ®·Öʱ÷Ö»òÏÔÑÛ. (be) dressed (up) to `kill (infml ¿Ú) be dressed so as to attract attention and admiration, esp from the opposite sex ´©ÖøÒýÈËעĿ£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÎüÒýÒìÐÔ£©. (be) dressed up to the nines very elaborately dressed ´©Öø½²¾¿. mutton dressed as lamb => mutton. 11 (phr v) dress sb down scold sb; tell sb off ѵ³â, ³âÍË£¨Ä³ÈË£©. dress up wear one's best clothes ´©ÉÏÊ¢×°: Don't bother to dress up come as you are. Óò»Öø´©½²¾¿Ò·þ--¾Í´©Æ½³£µÄÒ·þÀ´°É. dress (sb) up (in sth/as sb/sth) put on fancy dress, etc »¯×°´ò°ç: Children love dressing up. º¢×ÓÃǶ¼Ï²»¶»¯×°´ò°ç. * dress (up) as a fairy, bandit, pirate, etc ´ò°ç³ÉÏÉÅ®¡¢ ·Ëͽ¡¢ º£µÁµÈ * They were dressed up in Victorian clothes. ËûÃÇ»¯×°³Éά¶àÀûÑÇʱ´úµÄÈË. dress sth up (fig ±ÈÓ÷) make sth seem better or different by careful presentation ÐÞÊÎ; ÑÚÊÎ: The facts are quite clear; it's no use trying to dress them up. ÊÂʵºÜÇå³þ, ÏëÑÚÊÎÊÇûÓÐÓõÄ. * rumours dressed up as hard news ÒÔ¼ÙÂÒÕæµÄÒ¥ÑÔ. dressing down n severe scolding Í´Âî; À÷³â: give sb/get a (good) dressing down ¸øijÈË[°¤]£¨ºÃ£©Ò»¶ÙÂî. dressage / 5dresB:V; drZ`sBV/ n [U] (a) training a horse to perform various movements that show its obedience to its rider »¨Ê½ÆïÊõѵÁ·. (b) display of such actions in a competition £¨ÂíÊõ±ÈÈüÖУ©»¨Ê½ÆïÊõ±íÑÝ. dresser / 5dresE(r); `drZsL/ n 1 (used with an adj ÓëÐÎÈÝ´ÊÁ¬ÓÃ) person who dresses in a specified way ÒÔijÖÖ·½Ê½´©ÖøµÄÈË: a smart, scruffy, snappy, etc dresser ÒÂÖøʱ÷ÖÕß¡¢ åååÝÕß¡¢ ƯÁÁÕßµÈ. 2 (in a theatre) person who helps actors put on their costumes £¨ÔÚ¾çÔºÖУ©·þװʦ. 3 (medical Ò½) person who helps a surgeon during an operation Íâ¿ÆÒ½ÉúÖúÊÖ. dresser / 5dresE(r); `drZsL/ n 1 (esp Brit) piece of kitchen furniture with shelves for dishes and cupboards below Íë¹ñ; Íë³÷. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page xvi. 2 (US) chest of drawers with a mirror on top Êáױ̨. dressing / 5dresIN; `drZsIN/ n 1 [U] action of putting on clothes, bandaging wounds, etc ´©ÒÂ; °üÔúÉË¿Ú: Dressing always takes her such a long time. Ëý´©Ò·þ×ÜÊÇÒªÄÇ÷᳤ʱ¼ä. 2 [C, U] bandage, ointment, etc for treating a wound ·óÁÏ£¨´¦ÀíÉË¿ÚÓõÄÉ´²¼¡¢ Ó͸àµÈ£©: apply, change a dressing Ê©¡¢ »»·óÁÏ. 3 [C, U] sauce for food, esp a mixture of oil and vinegar for salads £¨Ê³Îµ÷ÁÏ£¨ÓÈÖ¸°èÖÆÉ«À­µÄÓͺʹ׵ĻìºÏÎ: salad dressing É«À­µ÷ÁÏ. 4 [U] (US) = stuffing. dressing-gown n (US usu ÃÀʽӢÓïͨ³£×÷ bathrobe, robe) loose gown worn indoors, usu before dressing ³¿Ò£¨Í¨³£ÎªÊáױǰÔÚÊÒÄÚ´©ÖøµÄ³¤¶ø¿íËɵÄÕÖÉÀ£©. dressing-room n room for changing one's clothes, esp one where an actor puts on his costume ¸üÒÂÊÒ; £¨ÓÈÖ¸ÑÝÔ±µÄ£©»¯×±ÊÒ. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ,page ix. dressing-table n piece of bedroom furniture with a mirror and drawers, used esp by women when they dress, make up, etc Êáױ̨. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page xvi. dressy / 5dresI; `drZsI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml ¿Ú) 1 (of a person) (fond of) wearing stylish or showy clothes £¨Ö¸ÈË£©´©ÖøÈëʱµÄ, °®´©»¨ÉÚ·þ×°µÄ: They're a very dressy couple. ËûÃÇÁ©Êǽ²¾¿´©ÖøµÄÒ»¶Ô¶ù. 2 (of clothes) elegant or elaborate, to be worn on special occasions £¨Ö¸ÒÂÎƯÁÁµÄ, ½²¾¿µÄ, ÌØÊⳡºÏ´©µÄ: You can't wear that to the reception it's not dressy enough. Äã²»ÄÜ´©ÄÇÖÖÒ·þ³öϯÕдý»á--²»Ì«×¯ÖØ. drew pt of draw2. dribble / 5drIbl; `drIbl/ v 1 [I, Ipr] allow saliva to run from the mouth Á÷¿ÚË®; Á÷¿ÚÏÑ: The baby's just dribbled down my tie. º¢×Ó¸Õ²ÅÌÊ¿ÚˮŪʪÁËÎÒµÄÁì´ø. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause a liquid to) fall in drops or a thin stream £¨Ê¹ÒºÌ壩µÎÏ»ò×÷ϸÁ÷: water dribbling out (of a tap) £¨´ÓË®ÁúÍ·£©µÎÏÂÀ´µÄË® * Dribble the oil into the beaten egg yolks. Íù´òÔȵĵ°»ÆÀïÒ»µÎµÎ¼ÓÓÍ. 3 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (in football, hockey, etc) move (the ball) forward with repeated slight touches £¨×ãÇò¡¢ Çú¹÷ÇòµÈÖУ©ÔËÇò, ´øÇò: He dribbled (the ball) past the goalie to score. Ëû´øÇòÔ½¹ýÊØÃÅÔ±ÉäÃŵ÷Ö. dribble n (usu sing ͨ³£×÷µ¥Êý) 1 trickle 丵Î; ϸµÎ: a thin dribble of oil ϸÏß°ãµÎϵÄÓÍ. 2 act of dribbling a ball ÔËÇò; ´øÇò. 3 very small amount of a liquid ÉÙÁ¿£¨ÒºÌ壩: There's only a dribble of coffee left, I'm afraid. ¿´À´Ö»Ê£ÏÂÒ»µãµã¿§·ÈÁË. driblet / 5drIblIt; `drIblIt/ n small amount ÉÙÁ¿; µãµÎ; ÁãÐÇ: in driblets, ie a little at a time Ò»µãµãµØ. dribs / drIbz; `drIbz/ n [pl] (idm Ï°Óï) in dribs and drabs (infml ¿Ú) in small amounts ÉÙÁ¿; Ò»µãµã; ÁãÁãÐÇÐÇ: She paid me in dribs and drabs, not all at once. ËýÁãÁãÐÇÐǵظ¶¸øÎÒÇ®, ¶ø²»ÊÇÒ»´Î¸¶Çå. dried pt, pp of dry2. drier 1 compar of dry1. drier 2 n => dry2. drift / drIft; drIft/ n 1 [U] drifting movement Ư; Ư¶¯; ƯÁ÷; ƯÒÆ: the drift of the tide, current, wind, etc ³±Ï«¡¢ Ë®Á÷¡¢ ·çµÈµÄ»º»ºÁ÷¶¯. 2 [C] (fig ±ÈÓ÷) continuous uncontrolled movement or tendency towards sth bad £¨³¯»µµÄ·½Ãæ·¢Õ¹µÄ£©ÇãÏò, ¶¯Ïò, Ç÷ÊÆ: a slow drift into debt, war, crisis, etc Öð²½×ßÉϽè´ûµÄµÀ·¡¢ Öð½¥ÑݱäΪսÕù¡¢ ½¥½¥ÏÝÈëΣ»ú. 3 [U] practice of being inactive and waiting for things to happen ²»²ÉÈ¡Ðж¯ÒԵȴýÊÂÇé·¢Õ¹µÄ×ö·¨: Is the Government's policy one of drift? Õþ¸®²ÉÈ¡µÄÊÇ·ñ·ÅÈÎ×ÔÁ÷µÄÕþ²ß? 4 [sing] (of speech, writing, etc) general meaning or sense; gist £¨Ö¸½²»°¡¢ д×÷µÈ£©Ö÷Ö¼, ´óÒâ, º¬Òâ: My German isn't very good, but I got the general drift of what she said. ÎҵĵÂÓﲻ̫ºÃ, µ«Ëý˵µÄ»°ÎÒ´óÖÂÊÇÃ÷°×µÄ. 5 [C] mass of sth, esp snow or sand, piled up by the wind £¨·ç´µ³ÉµÄ£©¶Ñ»ýÎï, £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©Ñ©¶Ñ, ɳ¶Ñ: deep snow-drifts £¨·ç´µ³ÉµÄ£©ºñºñµÄ»ýÑ©. 6 [U] deposits of earth, gravel, rock, etc left behind by a glacier ±ùíÓ. 7 [U] = driftage. driftage / -IdV; -IdV/ n [U] deviation by a ship from a set course, due to currents, winds, etc £¨´¬º½ÐÐʱÊÜË®Á÷¡¢ ·çµÈÓ°Ïì¶Ôº½Ïߵģ©Æ«ÒÆ, Æ«²î. drift / drIft; drIft/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] be carried along gently by a current of air or water Æ®ÒÆ; ƯÁ÷: We switched off the motor and started to drift (along). ÎÒÃǹرշ¢¶¯»ú¿ªÊ¼»¬ÐÐ. * The boat drifted down the river. ´¬Ë³ºÓƯÁ÷¶øÏÂ. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of snow, sand, etc) be piled into drifts by the wind £¨Ö¸Ñ©¡¢ ɳµÈ£©ÊÜ·ç´µ»ý: Some roads are closed owing to drifting. ÓÐЩµÀ·Òò»ýÑ©¶ø·â±Õ. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] cause (sth) to drift ʹ£¨Ä³ÎƯÁ÷, Æ®¶¯: The logs are drifted downstream to the mill. ÄÇЩԭľÑغÓ˳ˮƯµ½¹¤³§. * The wind drifted the snow into a high bank, blocking the road. ·ç°ÑÑ©´µ»ý³É³¤¹¡, ¶ÂÈûÁ˵À·. 4 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of people) move casually or aimlessly £¨Ö¸ÈË£©ÂþÎÞÄ¿±êµØÒƶ¯, Ư²´, Á÷ÀË: The crowds drifted away from the stadium. ÈËȺÂýÂý´ÓÌåÓý³¡É¢È¥. * She finally drifted in two hours after everyone else. ÔÚ´ó¼Òµ½ÆëÖ®ááÁ½Ð¡Ê±, ËýÖÕì¶æ©æ©À´µ½. * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) He doesn't want a career, he's just drifting. Ëû²¢²»ÏëÒª¸ö¹Ì¶¨Ö°Òµ, Ö»ÊÇÅöµ½Ê²÷áÊÂ×öʲ÷áÊÂ. * I didn't mean to be a teacher I sort of drifted into it. ÎÒ±¾À´Ã»Ïëµ±½Ìʦ--¿ÉνÎÞÒâ¼äµ±ÉϵÄ. * They used to be friends, but now they've drifted apart. ËûÃÇÔ­ÊÇÅóÓÑ, ÏÖÔÚÒѾ­ÊèÔ¶ÁË. drifter n 1 (usu derog ͨ³£×÷±áÒå) aimless or rootless person Ư²´Õß; Á÷À˺º: He's just a drifter he can't settle down anywhere. Ëû²»¹ýÊǸöÁ÷À˺º--ÄĶùÒ²´ô²»×¡. 2 boat used for fishing with a drift-net Æ®Íø Óæ´¬; Á÷ÍøÓæ´¬. drift-ice n [U] masses of broken ice floating in the sea, a river, etc Á÷±ù. drift-net n large net into which fish move with the tide Á÷Íø; Æ®Íø. drift-wood n [U] wood floating on the sea or washed ashore by it ¸¡Ä¾, Ưľ£¨ÔÚº£ÉÏƯÁ÷»ò±»º£Ë®³åÉÏ°¶µÄľͷ£©. drill / drIl; drIl/ n tool or machine with a detachable pointed end for making holes ×ê; ×ê´²; ×ê»ú: a dentist's drill ÑÀ×ê * a pneumatic drill ·ç×ê. Cf ²Î¿´ bit2 2. drill v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] make (a hole, etc) in some substance, esp with a drill ×꣨¿×£©, ´òÑÛ£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÓÃ×ê»ú£©: drill for oil ×꾮̽ÓÍ * They're drilling a new tunnel under the Thames. ÔÚÌ©ÎîÊ¿ºÓºÓ´²ÏÂ×êÔäÒ»ÌõÐÂËíµÀ. drill / drIl; drIl/ n 1 [U] training in military exercises ¾üÊÂѵÁ·; ²ÙÁ·: New recruits have three hours of drill a day. бøÒ»ÌìÓÐÈýСʱµÄ²ÙÁ·. 2 (a) [U] thorough training by practical and usu repetitive exercises Á·Ï°: regular drill to establish good habits ÓйæÔòµÄѵÁ·ÒÔÑø³ÉºÃÏ°¹ß. (b) [C] such an exercise ѵÁ·; Á·Ï°: pronunci`ation drills ·¢ÒôÁ·Ï°. 3 (a) [U] procedures to be followed in an emergency £¨½ô¼±Çé¿öϵģ©²½Öè, ·½·¨, ´ëÊ©: `lifeboat drill ¾ÈÉúͧÉϵÄÓ¦¼±´ëÊ©. (b) [C] practice session to test people's knowledge of this ÑÝÏ°: There'll be a `fire-drill this morning. ½ñÌìÉÏÎçÓÐÏû·ÀÑÝÏ°. 4 the drill [sing] (Brit infml ¿Ú) correct procedure for doing sth ×öijʵÄÕýÈ··½·¨; ³ÌÐò; ²½Öè; ³£¹æ: What's the drill for claiming expenses? ·ÑÓñ¨ÏúµÄÊÖÐø, ÊÇÔõÑùµÄ? * learn, know, teach sb the drill ѧϰ¡¢ Á˽⡢ ´«ÊÚijÈË×öijʵÄÕýÈ··½·¨. drill v [I, Tn] be trained or train (sb) by means of drills ѵÁ·£¨Ä³ÈË£©; ²ÙÁ·; ÑÝÏ°: The well-drilled crew managed to rescue most of the passengers. ѵÁ·ÓÐËصĻú×éÈËÔ±Éè·¨Óª¾È³öÁ˴󲿷ֳ˿Í. drill / drIl; drIl/ n 1 furrow Àç; Ìõ²¥. 2 machine for making furrows, sowing seeds in them and covering the seeds Ìõ²¥»ú. 3 row of seeds sown in this way Ìõ²¥µÄÒ»ÅÅÖÖ×Ó. drill v [Tn] sow (seeds) in furrows Ìõ²¥£¨ÖÖ×Ó£©. drill / drIl; drIl/ n [U] strong heavy linen or cotton cloth £¨´ÖбÎƵģ©Âé²¼»òÃÞ²¼. drill / drIl; drIl/ n type of large African monkey ºÚÁ³É½÷Ì£¨·ÇÖÞ²ú£©. drily = dryly (dry1). drink / drINk; drINk/ n 1 (a) [U, C] liquid for drinking ÒûÁÏ: food and drink ʳÎïÓëÒûÁÏ * fizzy drinks ·¢Ë»Ë»ÉùÆðÅݵÄÒûÁÏ. (b) [C] amount of liquid drunk or served Ò»±­»òÒ»·ÝÒûÁÏ: a drink of water Ò»±­Ë®. 2 (a) [U] alcoholic liquor ¾Æ: Isn't there any drink in the house? ¼ÒÀïÓоÆÂð? (b) [C] amount of this drunk or served Ò»±­»òÒ»·Ý¾Æ: How about a quick drink? ÎÒÃǸϿìºÈ±­¾ÆºÃÂð? * Drinks are on me, ie I will pay for them. ¾ÆÇ®ÓÉÎÒ¸¶. * He's had one drink too many, ie He is slightly drunk. ËûÓеã×íÁË. 3 [U] habit of drinking too much alcohol Ðï¾Æ; ×ݾÆ: Drink is a growing problem among the young. ÄêÇáÈ˵ÄÐï¾ÆÎÊÌâÔ½À´Ô½ÑÏÖØ. * take to drink because of domestic problems ÊܼÒÍ¥ÎÊÌâÀ§ÈŶøµ¢ì¶Òû¾Æ. 4 the drink [sing] (sl Ùµ) the sea º£: We crash-landed in the drink. ÎÒÃÇÔÚº£ÉϽô¼±½µÂä. 5 (idm Ï°Óï) be the ,worse for `drink be very drunk õ¤ôú´ó×í. the demon drink => demon. drive sb to drink => drive1. meat and drink to sb => meat. drink / drINk; drINk/ v (pt drank / drNk; drANk/, pp drunk / drQNk; drQNk/) 1 [I, Tn] take (liquid) into the mouth and swallow ºÈ; Òû: Some horses were drinking at a trough. ÓÐЩÂíÔÚË®Ôã±ßÒûË®. * He drank a pint of milk in one go. ËûÒ»¿ÚÆøºÈÁËһƷÍÑÅ£ÄÌ. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (in/up) (of plants, the soil, etc) take in or absorb (usu water) £¨Ö¸Ö²Îï¡¢ ÍÁÈÀµÈ£©ÎüÊÕ, ÎüÈ루ͨ³£ÎªË®·Ö£©. 3 [I] take alcohol ºÈ¾Æ: He never drinks. ËûµÎ¾Æ²»Õ´. * They drink too much. ËûÃǺȾƺȵÃÌ«¶àÁË. * Don't drink and drive! ÇÐÎð¾ÆáῪ³µ! 4 [Tn.pr, Cn.a] bring (oneself) to a specified state by taking alcohol ʹ£¨×Ô¼º£©ºÈ¾ÆºÈµ½Ä³Ö̶ֳÈ: You're drinking yourself to death. ÄãÕâÑùºÈ¾ÆÒªºÈµôÃüµÄ. * (infml ¿Ú) They drank themselves stupid. ËûÃǺȵÃÔÎͷתÏò. 5 (idm Ï°Óï) drink sb's `health/drink a health to sb (fml ÎÄ) express one's respect or good wishes for sb, by drinking a toast ÏòijÈË×£¾Æ. drink like a `fish (infml ¿Ú) habitually drink large quantities of alcohol £¨Ï°¹ßÐԵأ©ºÀÒû. drink/drain sth to the dregs => dregs. drink sb under the `table (infml ¿Ú) drink more alcohol than sb else without becoming as drunk ¹à×íijÈË£¨×Ô¼ººÈµÃ¸ü¶àµ«²»×í£©. you can take, etc a horse to water, but you can't make him drink => horse. 6 (phr v) drink sth down/up drink the whole or the rest of sth, esp quickly ºÈ¹â, ºÈǬ£¨ÓÈÖ¸ºÜ¿ìÒû¾¡£©: I know the medicine tastes nasty, but drink it down. ÎÒÖªµÀҩζºÜ¿à, ²»¹ý»¹ÊÇÒ»¿Ú¹àÏÂÈ¥°É. * (Brit) drinking-`up time, ie time allowed for finishing drinks before a public house closes £¨¾Æ¹Ý¹ØÃÅÇ°ÔÊÐí¹Ë¿Í°Ñ¾ÆºÈÍêµÄ£©ÑÓ³¤Ê±¼ä. drink sth in watch or listen to sth with great pleasure or interest ¿´µÃ»òÌýµÃ³öÉñ: They stood drinking in the beauty of the landscape. ËûÃÇÕ¾ÔÚÄǶù¾¡ÇéÐÀÉÍÃÀ¾°. drink (sth) to sb/sth express good wishes to sb/sth by drinking (a toast) ÏòijÈË[ΪijÊÂ]×£¾Æ: drink to sb's health, happiness, prosperity, etc ΪijÈ˽¡¿µ¡¢ ÐÒ¸£¡¢ ³É¹¦µÈǬ±­ * Let's drink to the success of your plans. ÈÃÎÒÃÇΪÄãµÄ¼Æ»®³É¹¦Ç¬±­. * I'll drink to that! ie I agree. ÎÒÍêÈ«ÔÞ³É! drinkable adj suitable or safe for drinking ¿ÉÒûÓõÄ; ÊʺÏÒûÓõÄ: Is this water drinkable? ÕâË®¿ÉÒÔºÈÂð? * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) a drinkable (ie pleasant but not particularly good) wine ÉпÉÒ»ºÈµÄ¾Æ£¨²»´íµ«²¢·ÇÌغã©. drinker n person who drinks (usu too much) alcohol Òû¾ÆÕß; £¨Í¨³£Ö¸£©¾Æͽ: a terrible/heavy/hardened/serious drinker Ðï¾ÆÕß[ºÀÒûÕß/¾Æ¹í/¾Æͽ]. drinking n [U]: Drinking is known to be harmful. Òû¾ÆÓк¦. * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a `drinking-bout Ò»Õó¿ñÒû. drinking-fountain n device supplying drinking-water in a public place £¨Éè춹«¹²³¡ËùµÄ£©ÅçȪʽÒûË®Æ÷. drinking-song n song, usu about the pleasures of drinking, to be sung at drinkers' parties £¨¾Æ»áÉϵģ©Òû¾Æ¸è. drinking-water n [U] water safe for drinking ÒûÓÃË®. drip / drIp; drIp/ v (-pp-) 1 (a) [Ipr, Ip] fall in drops µÎÏÂ: Rain was dripping (down) from the trees. ÓêË®´ÓÊ÷ÉϵÎÏÂ. (b) [I, Tn, Tn.pr] let (liquid) fall in drops Èã¨ÒºÌ壩µÎÏÂ: Is that roof still dripping? ÄǸöÎݶ¥»¹Â©ÓêÂð? * a dripping tap µÎË®µÄÁúÍ· * He was dripping blood (onto the floor). ËûµÄѪÕýÔڵΣ¨µ½µØ°åÉÏ£©. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) be dripping with sth be full of or covered with sth ³äÂú; ²¼Âú: His letter was dripping with flattery. ËûµÄÐÅÖгäÂú°¢ÚÄÖ®´Ê. * dripping with jewels »ëÉíÖé¹â±¦Æø. dripping/wringing wet => wet. drip-dry adj (of a garment) able to dry quickly when hung up to drip £¨Ö¸Ò·þ£©ÄܺܿìµÎǬµÄ: a drip-dry `shirt, `fabric ÄܺܿìµÎǬµÄ³ÄÉÀ¡¢ Ö¯Îï. drip NOTE ON USAGE Ó÷¨: Drip, leak, ooze, run, seep indicate the way in which a liquid escapes from a container or tap. *drip¡¢ leak¡¢ ooze¡¢ run¡¢ seep¶¼±íʾҺÌå´ÓÈÝÆ÷»ò»îÃÅÁ÷³öµÄ·½Ê½. Most (not seep) also indicate the way in which a container or tap allows a liquid to escape. ³ýseepÍâ, ½Ô¿ÉÖ¸ÈÝÆ÷»ò»îÃÅʹҺÌåÁ÷³öµÄ·½Ê½. 1 Drip = (allow sth to) fall in regulardrops *drip = £¨Ê¹Ä³ÎÓйæÂɵصÎÂä: Water is drippingfrom the pipe. Ë®´Ó¹ÜÖеÎÂä. The pipe is dripping (water). ¹Ü×ÓÔڵΣ¨Ë®£©ÄØ. 2 Leak = (allow sth to) get out (through a hole in sth) *leak = £¨Ê¹Ä³Îï´Ó¿×ÖУ©Â©³ö: Wine is leaking from the barrel. ¾Æ×ÔÍ°ÖÐÉø©³öÀ´. The barrel is leaking (wine). ¾ÆͰ©£¨¾Æ£©. 3 Ooze = (allow sth to) move slowly (out of sth) because thick , ooze = £¨Ê¹Ä³ÎÂýÂýÁ÷³ö£¨ÒòºÜ³í£©: Blood is oozing from the wound. Ѫ´ÓÉË¿ÚÂýÂýÁ÷³ö. The wound is oozing (blood). ÉË¿ÚÔÚ³öѪ. 4 Run = (allow sth to) flow continuously (from sth) *run = £¨Ê¹Ä³ÎÁ¬Ðø²»¶ÏÁ÷³ö: Water is running from the tap. Ë®´ÓÁúÍ·ÖÐÁ÷³ö. The tap is running. ÁúÍ·ÔÚÁ÷Ë®. 5 ÿ¼BSeep = move slowly (through a small opening in sth) *seep = £¨´Óϸ¿×ÖУ©ÂýÂýÁ÷³ö: Oil is seeping from the engine. ÓÍ´Ó·¢¶¯»úÖÐÉø³ö. dripping / 5drIpIN; `drIpIN/ n [U] fat melted out of roast meat £¨¿¾ÈâÉϵÎϵģ©Ó͵Î. dripping-pan n pan in which dripping collects during roasting £¨¿¾ÈâʱÓÃÒԳнӵģ©½ÓÓÍÅÌ. drive / draIv; draIv/ v (pt drove/ drEUv; drov/, pp driven/ 5drIvn; `drIvEn/) 1 (a) [I, Tn] (be able to) operate (a vehicle or locomotive) and direct its course £¨ÄÜ£©¼ÝÊ»£¨³µ£©; ¿ª£¨»ð³µ£©: Can you drive? Äã»á¿ª³µÂð? * He drives a taxi, ie That is his job. Ëû¿ª¼Æ³Ì³µ. * I drive (ie own) a Rolls-Royce. ÎÒ¿ªµÄÊÇÀÍ˹À³Ë¹Æû³µ. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] come or go somewhere in a car, van, etc ¿ª³µÀ´»òȥij´¦: Did you drive (ie come by car)? ÄãÊÇ¿ª³µÀ´µÄÂð? * I drive to work. ÎÒ¿ª³µÉÏ°à. * Don't stop drive on! ²»ÒªÍ£--ÍùÇ°¿ª! =>Usage at travel Ó÷¨¼ûtravel. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] take (sb) somewhere in a car, taxi, etc ÓÃÆû³µ¡¢ ¼Æ³Ì³µµÈËÍ£¨Ä³ÈË£©ÖÁij´¦: Could you drive me to the station? Äã¿ÉÒÔ¿ª³µËÍÎÒµ½³µÕ¾È¥Âð? 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] cause (animals or people) to move in some direction by shouts, blows, threats, etc Çý¸Ï£¨¶¯Îï»òÈË£©: some cattle being driven by a man on a horse ÆïÂíÈËÇý¸ÏÖøµÄһȺţ * drive sheep into a field °ÑÑò¸Ïµ½µØÀï * They drove the enemy back, ie forced them to retreat. ËûÃǰѵÐÈË»÷ÍË. * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) I was driven out of the club. ÎÒ±»ÇýÖð³ö¾ãÀÖ²¿. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (of wind or water) carry (sth) along £¨Ö¸·ç»òË®£©¾í, ¹Î, ³å, ³å£¨Ä³Î: Huge waves drove the yacht onto the rocks. ¾ÞÀË°ÑÓÎͧ¾íµ½ÑÒʯÉÏ. * dead leaves driven along by the wind ·ç¹ÎÆðµÄ¿ÝÒ¶. 4 [I, Ipr] move rapidly or violently ¼±ËٵػòÃÍÁÒµØÔ˶¯: driving rain, hail, snow, etc Èç×¢µÄ´óÓê¡¢ ÃÍÁҵıù±¢¡¢ ·×·ÉµÄ´óÑ© * The waves drove against the shore. ²¨À˳å»÷Öø°¶±ß. 5 [Tn.pr] (a) force (sth) to go in a specified direction or into a specified position ÆÈʹ£¨Ä³ÎÒƶ¯»ò½øÈëijλÖÃ; ´ò; ÇÃ; »÷; ´Á; Å¡: drive a nail into wood, a stake into the ground, etc °Ñ¶¤×Ó¶¤ÈëľÖС¢ °Ñ×®´ò½øµØÀï * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) drive a proposal through Parliament ÆÈʹÒé»áͨ¹ýÒ»ÏÒé. (b) construct (sth) with difficulty £¨³ÔÁ¦µØ£©½¨Ô죨ijÎ: drive a new motorway across a mountain range. ·ÜÁ¦ÐÞÖþ´©Ô½É½µØµÄ¸ßËÙ¹«Â·. * They drove a tunnel through the rock. ËûÃÇÔäͨһÌõ´©¹ýÑÒʯµÄËíµÀ. 6 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] force (sb) to act ÆÈʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©Ðж¯: A man driven by jealousy is capable of anything. ¼µ¶ÊÐÄ¿ÉʹÈËʲ÷ᶼ×öµÃ³öÀ´. * The urge to survive drove them on. ÇóÉúµÄÓûÍûÇýʹËûÃǼÌÐøŬÁ¦. (b) [Tn.pr, Cn.a, Cn.t] cause or compel (sb) to be in a specified state or do a specified thing ʹ»ò±Æ£¨Ä³ÈË£©´¦ì¶Ä³ÖÖ״̬»ò×öijÊÂ: drive sb crazy/to insanity/out of his mind ½«Ä³È˱Ʒè[ʹijÈ˾«Éñʧ³£/ʹijÈËɥʧÀíÖÇ] * Hunger drove her to steal. ¼¢¶ö±ÆµÃËýÐÐÇÔ. (c) [Tn] make (sb) work very hard, esp too hard ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©Å¬Á¦£¨ÓÈÖ¸¹ý·Ö£©: Unless he stops driving himself like this he'll have a breakdown. ËûÒªÊÇ×ÜÕâÑùÞÕÃü¸ÉÏÂÈ¥ÊdzԲ»ÏûµÄ. * He drives the team relentlessly. ËûÎÞÇéµØ±Þ²ßÈ«¶Ó¿àÁ·. 7 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (sport Ìå) hit and send (a ball, etc) forward with force, esp in tennis, golf or cricket ÃÍ»÷, Ãͳ飨ÓÈÖ¸ÍøÇò¡¢ ¸ß¶û·òÇò»ò°åÇò£©: drive (the ball) into the rough £¨½«Çò£©»÷ÈëÉî²ÝÇø * He drove beautifully, ie played this stroke well. ËûÕâÒ»Çò»÷µÃºÜƯÁÁ. 8 [Tn esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] (of electricity or some other power) keep (machinery) going £¨Ö¸µçÁ¦»òÆäËû¶¯Á¦£©Çý¶¯, Íƶ¯: a steam-driven engine ÕôÆû»ú. 9 (idm Ï°Óï) be driving at (always with what as the object ±ØÐëÒÔwhat×÷±öÓï) be trying to do or say ÒâÔÚ; ÒâÖ¸; ´òËã: What are you driving at? ÄãÊÇʲ÷áÒâ˼ÄØ? * I wish I knew what they were really driving at. ÎÒÏ£ÍûÎÒÄÜÖªµÀËûÃÇÕæʵµÄÒâͼ. drive a coach and horses through sth disregard (eg a law or rule) in an obvious and a serious way without being punished, usu because of a loophole ×꣨·¨ÂÉ»ò¹æÕµģ©¿Õ×Ó. drive a hard `bargain insist on the best possible price, arrangements, etc when negotiating with sb ¼«Á¦ÌÖ¼Û»¹¼Ûÿ¼w. drive sth home (to sb) make sb realize sth, esp by saying it often, loudly, angrily, etc ʹijÈ˳ä·ÖÈÏʶ»òÀí½âijÊÂÎÓÈÖ¸¾­³£µØ¡¢ ´óÉùµØ¡¢ ·ßÅ­µØ˵£©: drive one's point home ²ûÃ÷×Ô¼ºµÄ¹Ûµã * I drove home to him that he must be here by ten. ÎÒ¸úËû˵µÃÇåÇå³þ³þ: Ëû±ØÐëÊ®µãÖÓÒÔÇ°µ½ÕâÀï. drive sth into sb's `head make sb remember sth, esp with difficulty £¨ÓÈÖ¸·ÑÁ¦µØ£©Ê¹Ä³È˼ÇסijÊÂ. drive sb to `drink (esp joc ÓÈ×÷Ï·ÚÊÓï) make sb so worried, frustrated, etc that he starts drinking too much alcohol ʹµÃijÈ˽è¾Æ½½³î: Working here is enough to drive anyone to drink. ÔÚÕâÀï¸É»î×ã¿ÉÒԱƵÃÈËÒԺȾƽⷳ. drive a wedge between A and B make (friends, colleagues, etc) quarrel or start disliking each other Ìô²¦£¨ÅóÓÑ¡¢ ͬʵȣ©²»ºÏ»ò»¥ÏàÑá¶ñ; Ôì³É·ÖÁÑ. let drive (at sb) hit or aim blows at sb ´ò»÷ijÈË; ³¯Ä³ÈË´òÈ¥. needs must when the devil drives => needs. pure as the driven snow => pure. 10 (phr v) drive sb back on sth force sb to use (resources, methods, etc) he would prefer to avoid using ÆÈʹijÈËʹÓÃËû±¾²»Ô¸Óõģ¨×ÊÔ´¡¢ ·½·¨µÈ£©. drive off (a) (of a driver, car, etc) leave £¨Ö¸¼ÝÊ»ÈË¡¢ Æû³µµÈ£©¿ª×ß, À뿪. (b) (in golf) hit the ball to begin a game £¨¸ß¶û·òÇòÏ·ÖУ©·¢Çò. drive sb off take sb away in a car, etc ÓÃÆû³µµÈ°ÑijÈËËÍ×ß. drive sb/sth off defeat or chase away (an enemy or an attack) »÷°Ü, »÷ÍË£¨µÐÈË»ò¹¥ÊÆ£©. drive-in n (US) place, esp a cinema or restaurant, where one is entertained, served, etc without leaving one's car ÃâϳµµÄÓ°Ôº¡¢ ²ÍÌüµÈ£¨¹Ë¿Í¿É°²×øÆû³µÖеõ½ÓéÀÖ¡¢ Òûʳ·þÎñµÈ£©: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a drive-in bank ÃâϳµµÄÒøÐÐ. driving-belt n belt that is turned by an engine, etc and that then makes machinery turn ´«¶¯Æ¤´ø. driving-licence n (US driver's license) licence to drive a motor vehicle ¼ÝʻִÕÕ. driving school school for teaching people to drive motor vehicles »ú¶¯³µ¼ÝʻѧУ. driving-test n test that must be passed to obtain a driving-licence ¼ÝʻԱΪȡµÃ¼ÝʻִÕյĿ¼ÊÔ. driving-wheel n wheel that communicates power to other parts of a machine, or to which power is applied Çý¶¯ÂÖ; Ö÷¶¯ÂÖ. drive / draIv; draIv/ n 1 [C] journey in a car, van, etc ³ËÆû³µµÈÖ®ÐÐ: Let's go for a drive in the country. ÎÒÃÇ¿ª³µµ½½¼Ò°È¥¶µ¶µ·ç°É. * He took her out for a drive. Ëû¿ª³µ´øËý³öÈ¥¶µ·ç. * a forty minute, an hour's, a fifteen mile, etc drive ËÄÊ®·ÖÖÓ¡¢ һСʱ¡¢ Ê®ÎåÓ¢ÀïµÈµÄ¼Ýʻ·³Ì. 2 [C] (US usu ÃÀʽӢÓïͨ³£×÷ `driveway) private road, etc by which vehicles can approach a house from the road or street £¨Í¨ÍùסլµÄ£©Ë½È˳µµÀ. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page vii. 3 [C] (sport Ìå) stroke made by driving in tennis, golf, cricket, etc £¨ÍøÇò¡¢ ¸ß¶û·òÇò¡¢ °åÇòµÈµÄ£©ÃÍ»÷, Ãͳé. 4 [U] energy; ability to get things done ¸É¾¢; ÄÜÁ¦; ÆÇÁ¦: Our sales people need determination and drive. ÎÒÃǵÄÍÆÏúÈËÔ±ÐèÒªÓоöÐĺ͸ɾ¢. 5 [C, U] (psychology ÐÄ) desire to attain a goal or satisfy a need ÓûÍû; ÄÚÇýÁ¦: (a) strong sexual drive Ç¿ÁÒµÄÐÔÓû. 6 [C] (a) organized effort or campaign to achieve sth £¨Îª´ïµ½Ä³Ä¿µÄ¶øÕ¹¿ªµÄ£©Ô˶¯, ¹¥ÊÆ: a `sales, a re`cruiting, an `export, etc drive ÍÆÏú¡¢ áç±ø¡¢ ³ö¿ÚµÈÔ˶¯. (b) series of military attacks һϵÁеľüʹ¥»÷. 7 [C] (Brit) social gathering to play card-games ÍæÖ½ÅƵľۻá: a `bridge/`whist drive ÍæÇÅÅÆ[»Ý˹ÌØÅÆ]µÄ¾Û»á. 8 [C, U] (apparatus for the) transmission of power to machinery ´«¶¯»òÇý¶¯£¨×°Öã©: electric, belt, fluid, etc drive µçÁ¦¡¢ Ƥ´ø¡¢ ҺѹµÈ´«¶¯ * front-/rear-/ four-wheel `drive, ie where the engine makes the front, rear, or all four wheels turn Ç°ÂÖ[ááÂÖ/ËÄÂÖ]Çý¶¯ * a car with left-hand drive, ie with the steering wheel and other controls on the left ·½ÏòÅÌÔÚ×ó±ßµÄÆû³µ * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] the `drive shaft Çý¶¯Öá; Ö÷¶¯Öá. drivel / 5drIvl; `drIvl/ n [U] silly nonsense ɵ»°; ºúÑÔ: Don't talk drivel! ±ðºú˵°ËµÀ! drivel v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (on) (about sth) talk or write drivel ˵»òдÎÞÁĵÄÄÚÈÝ; ºú˵; ºúд: He was drivelling on about the meaning of life. Ëûà©à©²»ÐݵغúÖßʲ÷áÈËÉúµÄÒâÒå. driven pp of drive1. driver / 5draIvE(r); `draIvL/ n 1 person who drives a vehicle ˾»ú; ¼ÝʻԱ; Âí³µ·ò: a bus-, lorry-, taxi-driver ¹«¹²Æû³µ¡¢ ¿¨³µ¡¢ ¼Æ³Ì³µË¾»ú * a learner driver, ie sb who has not yet passed a driving-test ʵϰ˾»ú. 2 (golf) club with a wooden head used for driving the ball from the tee £¨¸ß¶û·òÇò£©Çò°ô. 3 person who drives animals Çý¸Ï¶¯ÎïÕß. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) a back-seat driver => back-seat (back2). (be) in the `driver's seat in control ´¦ì¶¿ØÖƵØλ. driver's license (US) = driving-licence (drive1). drizzle / 5drIzl; `drIzl/ v [I] rain in many fine drops ÏÂÃÉÃÉϸÓê; ÏÂëëÓê: It had been drizzling all day. ÏÂÁËÒ»ÕûÌìëëÓê. drizzle n [U] fine misty rain ÃÉÃÉϸÓê; ëëÓê. drizzly / 5drIzlI; `drIzlI/ adj: a cold drizzly day ÏÂÖøÃÉÃÉϸÓêµÄº®ÀäµÄÒ»Ìì. drogue / drEUg; dro^/ n funnel-shaped piece of material used as a wind-sock, sea anchor, target, etc £¨ÓÃ×÷·çÏò´ü¡¢ º£Ãª¡¢ °Ð×ӵȵģ©×¶ÐÎÎï. drogue-parachute n small parachute used to pull a larger one from its pack £¨ÓÃÒÔ½«´ó½µÂäÉ¡ÓÉÉ¡°üÖÐÍϳöµÄ£©Ð¡½µÂäÉ¡. droll / drEUl; drol/ adj amusing in an odd or a quaint way ÀëÆæ¹Å¹ÖµÄ; ¶ºÈËÀÖµÄ; »¬»üµÄ: a droll story ÀëÆæÓÐȤµÄ¹ÊÊ * (ironic ·´Óï) So he thinks I'm going to apologize? How very droll! Ëû»¹ÒÔΪÎÒҪȥµÀǸ? Õ滬»ü! drollery / -ErI; -ErI/ n [C, U] (remark, etc showing) quaint humour Ï¡Ææ¹Å¹ÖµÄÓÄĬ£¨ÑÔÓïµÈ£©. dromedary / 5drCmEdErI; ?@ -EderI; `drBmE9dZrI/ n animal of the camel family with only one hump µ¥·åÂæÍÕ. =>illus at camel ¼ûcamelÖ®²åͼ. drone / drEUn; dron/ n 1 male honey-bee ÐÛ·ä. Cf ²Î¿´ worker 3. 2 (Brit derog ±á) person who does no useful work and lives on others ²»ÎñÕýÒµ¶øÒÀÀµËûÈËΪÉúÕß. drone / drEUn; dron/ v 1 [I, Ip] make a low humming sound ·¢³öÎËÎËÉù: An aircraft droned overhead. ·É»úÔÚÉÏ¿Õ·¢³öÎËÎËÉù. 2 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] talk, sing or say (sth) in a flat monotonous tone of voice £¨ÒԵͳÁ¡¢ µ¥µ÷µÄÉùµ÷£©Ì¸, ³ª, ˵£¨Ä³Ê£©: The chairman droned on for hours. Ö÷ϯһֱÒÔ³ÁÃƵÄÓïµ÷½²Á˼¸Ð¡Ê±. * drone (out) a hymn ÒԵͳÁµ¥µ÷µÄÉùÒô³ªÔÞÃÀÊ«. drone n (usu sing ͨ³£×÷µ¥Êý) 1 low humming sound ÎËÎËÉù: the drone of bees ÃÛ·ä·¢³öµÄÎËÎËÉù * the drone of a distant aircraft Ô¶´¦·É»ú·¢³öµÄÎËÎËÉù. 2 monotonous talk ³ÁÃƵ¥µ÷µÄ̸»°: a steady drone from the lecturer ½²ÑÝÕß¿ÝÔïµÄ³¤ÆªÑÔÂÛ. 3 (music Òô) sustained bass note or chord, eg in bagpipe music ³ÖÐøµÄµÍÒô»òºÍÒô£¨Èç·çµÑÀÖÇúÖеģ©. drool / dru:l; drul/ v 1 [I] let saliva flow from the mouth; dribble Á÷¿ÚË®; Á÷ÏÑ. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (over sb/sth) (derog ±á) show in a ridiculous way how much one enjoys or admires sb/sth ¶ÔijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]Á÷¶³ö³ÕÃÔµÄÉñÇé: drooling over a photo of a pop star ³Õ³ÕµØÍûÖøÁ÷ÐÐÇú¸èÐǵÄÕÕƬ. droop / dru:p; drup/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] bend or hang downwards through tiredness or weakness £¨ÒòÆ£¾ë»òË¥Èõ£©ÍäÇú»òÏ´¹; ·¢Äè: flowers drooping for lack of water Òòȱˮ¶ø·¢ÄèµÄ»¨ * Her head drooped sadly. Ëý±¯É˵صÍÖøÍ·. * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) His spirits drooped at the news, ie He became sad. ÄÇÏûϢʹËûÇéÐ÷µÍÂä. droopy adj (-ier, -iest). drop / drCp; drBp/ n 1 [C] small rounded or pear-shaped mass of liquid £¨ÒºÌåµÄ£©Öé, µÎ: `rain-drops, `tear-drops, etc ÓêµÎ¡¢ ÀáÖé * drops of rain, dew, sweat, condensation, etc ÓêµÎ¡¢ ¶Öé¡¢ º¹Öé¡¢ ÀäÄýË®Öé * Pour the oil in drops into the mixture. ½«Ó͵ÎÈë»ìºÏÎï.2 drops [pl] liquid medicine poured a drop at a time into the ears, eyes or nose µÎ¼Á: comfort drops, eg used to make contact lenses easier to wear È󻬼Á£¨ÈçÓÃÒÔʹÒþÐξµÆ¬ÈÝÒ×Åä´÷µÄ£©. 3 [C esp sing ÓÈ×÷µ¥Êý] small quantity of liquid ÉÙÁ¿µÄÒºÌå; µãµÎ: I like my tea with just a drop of milk. ÎÒϲ»¶²èÀï¼ÓÒ»µãµãÅ£ÄÌ. * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) He's had a drop too much, ie He is drunk. ËûºÈ×íÁË. 4 [C] thing shaped like a drop, esp a sweet or a hanging ornament µÎ×´Îï; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©Ìǹû, ×¹×ÓÊÎÎï. 5 [sing] steep or vertical distance ÇãбµÄ»ò´¹Ö±µÄ¾àÀë: There was a sheer drop of five hundred feet to the rocks below. ÖÁ°µ½¸µÄ´¹Ö±¾àÀëÓÐÎå°ÙÓ¢³ß. 6 [sing] (fig ±ÈÓ÷) decrease Ͻµ: a drop in prices, temperatures, etc Îï¼Û¡¢ ζȵÈϽµ * a big drop in the number of people out of work ʧҵÈËÊý´ó·ùϽµ. 7 [C] act of dropping; thing that drops or is dropped ¿ÕͶ; ¿ÕͶÎï: Drops of supplies are being made to villages still cut off by the snow. Ä¿Ç°ÕýÏò´óÑ©¸ô¾øµÄ´åׯ¿ÕͶÉú»îÓÃÆ·. 8 (idm Ï°Óï) at the ,drop of a `hat without delay, hesitation or good reason ²»ÍÏÑÓµØ; ²»³ÙÒɵØ; ÎÞÔµÎ޹ʵØ: You can't expect me to move my home at the drop of a hat. Äã±ðÖ¸ÍûÎÒ˵°á¼Ò¾Í°á¼Ò. (only) a ,drop in the `bucket/`ocean a quantity too small to make any improvement ²×º£Ò»ËÚ; ±­Ë®³µÐ½: Aid to the Third World is at present little more than a drop in the ocean. Ä¿Ç°¶ÔµÚÈýÊÀ½çµÄÔ®Öú²»¹ýÊDZ­Ë®³µÐ½. droplet / 5drCplIt; `drBplIt/ n small drop СµÎ. drop-goal n (in Rugby football) goal scored with a drop-kick £¨éÏé­Çò£©ÒÔ·´µ¯Ìß·¨ÉäÖÐÇòÃÅ. drop-hammer, drop-forge, drop-press ns machine for shaping or stamping metal, using the force of a dropped weight Ä£¶ÍѹÁ¦»ú; Âä´¸. drop-kick n (in Rugby football) kick made as the ball bounces after being dropped to the ground £¨éÏé­Çò£©ÂäµØÌß, ·´µ¯Ìß. v [I, Tn]. drop / drCp; drBp/ v (-pp-) 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] fall or allow (sth) to fall (by accident) ½µÂä; ʹ£¨Ä³Î£¨ÒâÍâµØ£©ÂäÏÂ: The bottle dropped and broke. Æ¿×ÓµôÏÂÀ´Ë¤ËéÁË. * The climber slipped and dropped to his death. ÅʵÇÕßһʧ×ãˤËÀÁË. * Don't drop that or it'll break! ±ðŪµôÁË, ²»È»»áˤÆƵÄ. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] fall or cause (sth) to fall (on purpose) ½µÂä; £¨¹ÊÒâµØ£©Ê¹£¨Ä³ÎÂäÏÂ: She dropped to safety from the burning building. Ëý´Óʧ»ðµÄ½¨ÖþÎïÉÏ×¹Âäµ½°²È«µÄµØ·½. * Medical supplies are being dropped to the stricken area. Ä¿Ç°Õý½«Ò½Ò©ÓÃÆ·¿ÕͶµ½ÔÖÇø. * Drop the hammer down to me. °Ñ´¸×ÓÈÓ¸øÎÒ. 3 [I, Ipr] (of people and animals) collapse from exhaustion £¨Ö¸È˺Ͷ¯Î£¨Òò½îÆ£Á¦¾¡£©µ¹ÏÂ: I feel ready to drop, ie very tired. ÎÒÒªÀÛµ¹ÁË. * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) She expects everyone to work till they drop, ie very hard. ËýºÞ²»µÃ°Ñ¸ö¸öÈ˶¼ÀÛÅ¿ÏÂΪֹ. 4 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) become weaker, lower or less £¨Ê¹Ä³ÊÂÎ±äÈõ¡¢ ½µµÍ»ò¼õÉÙ: The wind, temperature, water level, etc has dropped considerably. ·çÊÆÒѼõÈõÁË¡¢ ζÈÒÑϽµÁË¡¢ ˮƽÃæÒѽµµÍÁ˺ܶà. * His voice dropped to a whisper. ËûµÄÉùÒôÒѽµµÍ³ÉÇáÉùϸÓïÁË. * The cost of living seems set to drop for the third month in succession. Éú»î·ÑÓóÖÐøϽµ, ÑÛ¿´¾Í¿ìÈý¸öÔÂÁË. 5 [I, Ipr, Ip] form a steep or vertical descent ÐγÉÏÕ¾þµÄ»ò¶¸Ç͵ÄбÆÂ: The cliff drops sharply (away) (to the sea). Ðüѳʶ¸ÆÂ×´£¨ÉìÈë´óº££©. 6 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (off) allow sb to get out of a car, etc; deliver sth on the way to somewhere else ÈÃijÈËÏÂÆû³µ...; ÖÐ;˳±ã½«Ä³ÎïËͽ»Ä³´¦: Could you drop me (off) near the post office? Äã¿ÉÒÔÈÃÎÒÔÚÓʾָ½½üϳµÂð? 7 (infml ¿Ú) [Dn.n] send (a letter, etc) to sb ½«£¨ÐżþµÈ£©¼Ä¸øijÈË: drop sb a postcard ¸øijÈ˼ÄÃ÷ÐÅƬ. 8 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) omit sb/sth (by accident or on purpose) £¨Å¼È»»òÓÐÒâµØ£©ÂÔȥijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: She's been dropped from the team because of injury. ËýÒòÊÜÉ˶øÀë¶Ó. * Many dated expressions are being dropped from the new dictionary. ÕⱾдʵäÖÐɾȥÁ˺ܶà¹ýʱµÄ´ÊÓï. 9 [Tn] (a) stop seeing (sb) ²»ÔÙÓ루ijÈË£©À´Íù: She's dropped most of her old friends or they've dropped her! ËýÒѾ­Óë¶àÊýÀÏÅóÓѲ»ÔÙÀ´ÍùÁË--»òÕß˵ËûÃDz»ÔÙÓëËýÀ´ÍùÁË! (b) give up (a habit, custom, etc) Å×Æú£¨Ï°¹ß¡¢ ·çË׵ȣ©. (c) stop doing or discussing (sth) ²»ÔÙ×ö£¨Ä³Ê£©; ²»ÔÙÌÖÂÛ£¨Ä³Ê£©: Drop everything and come here! °ÑÒ»Çй¤×÷¶¼·ÅÏÂ, µ½ÕâÀïÀ´! * Let's drop the formalities: call me Mike. ²»Òª¾ÐÀñ: ½ÐÎÒÂõ¿Ë°É. * Look, can we just drop the subject? ÎÒ˵, ÎÒÃÇÄܲ»ÄܱðÔÙ̸Õâ¼þÊÂÁË? 10 [Tn] (infml ¿Ú) lose (money), esp by gambling, etc Ëðʧ£¨½ðÇ®£©£¨ÓÈÖ¸Òò¶Ä²©µÈËùÖ£©: I hear they've dropped over ten thousand on the deal. ÎÒÌý˵ËûÃÇÄDZʽ»Ò×ËðʧÁËÒ»Íò¶à¿éÇ®. 11 [I, Tn] (sl Ùµ) take (illegal drugs) orally ¿Ú·þ£¨¶¾Æ·£©. 12 (idm Ï°Óï) die/drop/fall like flies => fly1. ,drop one's `aitches omit the `h' sound from places in words where it is pronounced by educated speakers (often thought a sign of lower-class social origins) ÂÔÈ¥µ¥´ÊÖеÄhÒô£¨³£ÊÓΪ³öÉíµÍϵıêÖ¾£©. drop a `brick/`clanger (infml ¿Ú) say or do sth that is insulting or embarrassing without realizing that it is £¨ÎÞÒâÖУ©Ëµ³ö»ò×ö³öÉËÈ˵ĻòÁîÈË·¢¾½µÄÊÂ. drop `dead (a) (infml ¿Ú) die suddenly and unexpectedly â§ËÀ; ±©ËÀ. (b) (sl Ùµ) (used to tell sb forcefully and rudely to stop bothering one, interfering, etc ÓÃÒÔ½ÐijÈ˲»ÒªÔÙ´òÈÅ¡¢ ¸ÉÉæµÈ, ÓïÆøÇ¿Ó²¶ø´Ö³). drop a `hint (to sb)/drop (sb) a hint make a suggestion indirectly or tactfully ¼ä½ÓµØ»ò²ßÂÔµØÌá³ö½¨Òé; °µÊ¾. drop/dump sth in sb's lap => lap1. drop sb a line write a (usu short) letter to sb ¸øijÈËдÐÅ£¨Í¨³£Ö¸¶ÌÐÅ£©: Drop me a line to say when you're coming. ¸øÎÒд·â¶ÌПæËßÎÒÄãÀ´µÄʱ¼ä. drop `names (infml ¿Ú) mention famous or powerful people one is supposed to know, so as to impress others Ìá¼°ÃûÈË»òÓÐȨÊƵÄÈË, ÈÃÈËÒÔΪ×Ô¼ºÈÏʶÕâЩÈ˶ø¶Ô×Ô¼ºÁíÑÛÏà¿´. drop a `stitch (in knitting) let a stitch slip off the needle £¨±àÖ¯£©Â©Ò»Õë, ÍÑÒ»Õë, µôÒ»Õë. one's jaw drops => jaw. let sb/sth `drop do or say nothing more about sb/sth ²»ÔÙÌáijÈË; ²»ÔÙ×ö»ò²»ÔÙÌáijÊÂ: I suggest we let the matter drop. ÎÒ½¨ÒéÔÛÃDZðÔÙÌáÕâÊÂÁË. the penny drops => penny. 13 (phr v) drop back; drop behind (sb) move or fall into position behind sb else Âäáá; ÂäÎé: The two lovers dropped back so as to be alone. ÄǶÔÇéÈËÂäÔÚááÃæ, ΪµÄÊÇÁ½È˺õ¥¶ÀÔÚÒ»Æð. * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) Britain is increasingly dropping behind her competitors in this field. Ó¢¹úÔÚÕâÒ»ÁìÓòÈÕ½¥Âäáá춾ºÕù¶ÔÊÖ. drop by/in/over/round; drop in on sb; drop into sth pay a casual visit (to a person or place) żȻ·ÃÎÊ£¨Ä³ÈË»òijµØ£©; ˳±ã·ÃÎÊ: Drop round some time. ÓпվÍ˳±ãÀ´×ø×ø. * I thought I'd drop in on you while I was passing. ÎÒÔøÏë·¹ýʱ¾ÍÀ´¿´¿´Äã. * Sorry we're late we dropped into a pub on the way. ¶Ô²»ÆðÎÒÃdzٵ½ÁË--ÎÒÃÇÖÐ;µ½¾Æ¹ÝÈ¥ÁË. =>Usage at visit Ó÷¨¼ûvisit. drop off (infml ¿Ú) (a) fall into a light sleep; doze ´òíï¶ù; ´òî§Ë¯: I dropped off and missed the end of the film. ÎÒ´òÁ˸öíï¶ù, °ÑӰƬµÄ½áβ¸ø´í¹ýÁË. (b) become fewer or less ¼õÉÙ: Traffic has dropped off since the by-pass opened. ×Ô´Ó¸¨ÖúµÀ·ͨ³µáá, ÕâÌõ·ÉÏÀ´Íù³µÁ¾ÒѾ­¼õÉÙÁË. drop out (of sth) (a) withdraw (from an activity, a contest, etc) £¨´Ó»î¶¯¡¢ ¾ºÈüµÈÖУ©Í˳ö: Since his defeat he's dropped out of politics. Ëûʧ°Üáá¾Í²»ÔÙ´ÓÊÂÕþÖλÁË. (b) leave school, university, etc without finishing one's courses ÖÐ;ÍËѧ; ê¡Ñ§: She got a scholarship to Cambridge but dropped out a year later. ËýµÃµ½Á˽£ÇÅ´óѧµÄ½±Ñ§½ð, µ«Ò»ÄêÒÔáá¾ÍÍËѧÁË. (c) withdraw from conventional society ÍÑÀ봫ͳÉç»á. dropper n instrument consisting of a short glass tube with a rubber bulb at one end for measuring out drops of medicine or other liquids µÎ¹Ü. droppings n [pl] excrement of animals or birds £¨ÄñÊ޵ģ©ÅÅйÎï. drop-out n person who withdraws from conventional society ÍÑÀ봫ͳÉç»áµÄÈË. dropsy / 5drCpsI; `drBpsI/ n [U] disease in which watery fluid collects in the body Ë®Ö×; ¸¡Ö×. dropsical / 5drCpsIkl; `drBpsIkl/ adj. dross / drCs; ?@ drR:s; drRs/ n [U] (a) scum of waste matter on melted metals ¸¡Ôü£¨¸¡ÔÚÈÛ»¯µÄ½ðÊôÉϵķÏÎ. (b) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) least valuable, attractive, etc part of sth ÎÞ¼ÛÖµ¡¢ ÎÞÎüÒýÁ¦Ö®´¦: The best players go off to the big clubs, leaving us the dross. ×îºÃµÄ¶ÓÔ±¶¼Í¶±¼´ó¾ãÀÖ²¿È¥ÁË, ¾ÍÖ»¸øÎÒÃÇÊ£ÏÂЩ²»ÖÐÓõÄÈË. drought / draUt; draJt/ n [C, U] (period of) continuous dry weather, esp when there is not enough water for people's needs Ǭºµ£¨Ê±ÆÚ£©: areas of Africa affected by drought ÔâÊܺµÔֵķÇÖÞµØÇø. drove pt of drive1. drove / drEUv; drov/ n 1 herd of cattle, flock of sheep, etc being made to move from one place to another £¨±»Çý¸Ï´ÓÒ»µØµ½ÁíÒ»µØµÄ£©Å£Èº¡¢ ÑòȺµÈ. 2 (usu pl ͨ³£×÷¸´Êý) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) moving crowd of people or large number of things Òƶ¯µÄÈËȺ»ò´óÅúµÄ¶«Î÷: droves of sightseers һȺȺµÄÓÎ¿Í * Letters of protest arrived in droves. ¿¹ÒéÐÅ´óÅúÓ¿À´. drover n person who moves cattle, sheep, etc to market or to new pastures ½«Å£ÑòµÈÇý¸Ïµ½Êг¡»òÄÁ³¡µÄÈË; Çý¸ÏÉüÐóÕß. drown / draUn; draJn/ v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] die in water (or other liquid) because one is unable to breathe ÑÍËÀ; ÄçËÀ: a drowning man ¿ìÒªÑÍËÀµÄÈË. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] kill (a person or animal) in this way ÄçËÀ£¨ÈË»ò¶¯Î: drown a kitten ÄçËÀСè. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) flood or drench sth ÑÍû»ò½þ͸ijÎï: a drowned valley ÑÍûµÄɽ¹È * He drowned his meal in gravy. Ëû°Ñ·¹²ËÅÝÔÚÈâÖ­Àï. 3 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (out) (of a sound) be louder than (another sound) and prevent it being heard £¨Ö¸Ò»ÉùÒô£©ÑÍû£¨ÁíÒ»ÉùÒô£©: She turned up the radio to drown (out) the noise of the traffic. Ëý·Å´óÊÕÒô»úµÄÒôÁ¿ÒÔѹ¹ýÀ´Íù³µÁ¾µÄàÐÔÓÉù. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) drown one's `sorrows (in drink) (esp joc ÓÈ×÷Ï·ÚÊÓï) get drunk in order to forget one's troubles ½å¾Æ½½³î. (look) like a drowned `rat soaking wet and miserable ʪµÃÏñÂäÌÀ¼¦. drowse / draUz; draJz/ v 1 [I] be half asleep ¼ÙÃÂ; °ëÐÑ°ë˯; ´òî§Ë¯. 2 (phr v) drowse sth away spend (time) half asleep °ëÐÑ°ë˯µØ¶È¹ý£¨Ê±¼ä£©: drowse away a hot afternoon ´òÖøî§Ë¯¶È¹ýÑ×ÈȵÄÏÂÎç. drowse n [sing] state of being drowsy ¼ÙÃÂ; î§Ë¯: in a drowse ÔÚ´òî§Ë¯. drowsy / 5draUzI; `draJzI/ adj (-ier, -iest) 1 half asleep; feeling sleepy °ëÐÑ°ë˯µÄ; »è»èÓû˯µÄ; À§: I'd just woken up and was still drowsy. ÎÒ¸ÕÐÑ, »¹¾õµÃÀ§. * This drug can make you drowsy. ÕâÖÖÒ©»áʹÄã»è»èÓû˯. 2 making one feel sleepy ʹÈË·¢À§µÄ; ʹÈË»è»èÓû˯µÄ: drowsy summer weather ʹÈËÀ§¾ëµÄÏļ¾ÌìÆø. drowsily / -ElI; -IlI/ adv: murmur sth drowsily °ëÐÑ°ë˯µØµÍÉùÊö˵ijÊÂ. drowsiness n [U]. drubbing / 5drQbIN; `drQbIN/ n (idm Ï°Óï) give sb/get a good `drubbing (a) beat sb/be beaten soundly Í´´òijÈË[Ô⵽ʹ´ò]. (b) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) defeat sb/be defeated thoroughly ³¹µ×´ò°ÜijÈË[Ôâµ½²Ò°Ü]. drudge / drQdV; drQdV/ n person who has to do long hard boring jobs ³¤Ê±¼ä×ö·±ÖØ¡¢ ·¦Î¶¹¤×÷µÄÈË. drudge v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away) (at sth) do jobs of that kind ³¤Ê±¼ä×ö·±ÖØ¡¢ ·¦Î¶µÄ¹¤×÷. drudgery / -ErI; -ErI/ n [U] hard boring work ·±ÖØ¡¢ ·¦Î¶µÄ¹¤×÷: the endless drudgery of housework ÎÞ¾¡ÎÞÐݵġ¢ µ¥µ÷·¦Î¶µÄ¼ÒÎñ * soulless drudgery ÎÞÁĵķ±Öع¤×÷. drug / drQg; drQ^/ n 1 substance used as or in a medicine Ò©Îï; Ò©¼Á; Ò©²Ä: a pain-killing drug ֹʹҩ * The doctor has put me on drugs, ie prescribed them for me. Ò½Éú¸øÎÒ¿ªÁËÒ©. 2 substance that affects the nervous system, esp one that is habit-forming, eg cocaine or heroin Ó°ÏìÉñ¾­ÏµÍ³µÄ£¨ÓÈÖ¸³Éñ«ÐԵģ©ÎïÖÊ£¨Èç¹Å¿Â¼ï»òº£ÂåÒò£©; Âé×íÒ©; ¶¾Æ·: take/use/be on drugs Îü¶¾ * peddle/push drugs ··¶¾. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) a drug on the `market thing that cannot be sold because no one wants it ÖÍÏúÆ·; ÖÍÏú»õ. drug v (-gg-) [Tn] 1 add a drug(2) to (food or drink) £¨ÔÚʳÎï»òÒûÁÏÖУ©Í¶·ÅÂé×íÒ©, ÏÂÂé×íÒ©. 2 give a drug(1, 2) to (sb), esp to make him unconscious ¸øijÈËʹÓÃÂé×íÒ©: in a drugged stupor ±»Ò©Âé×í¶ø²»Ê¡ÈËÊÂ. drug addict person who cannot stop taking harmful drugs (drug 2) Óж¾ñ«Õß; Îü¶¾Õß. `drug addiction. drug dealer, drug pusher person who sells drugs (drug 2) illegally ··¶¾Õß; ¶¾Æ···×Ó. sulpha drug (US sulfa drug) / 5sQlfE drQg; `sQlfE9drQ^/ = sulphonamide. drugget / 5drQgIt; `drQ^It/ n [C, U] (floor-covering made of) coarse woven fabric ´ÖÏßÖ¯ÎÖƵĵØ̺£©. druggist / 5drQgIst; `drQ^Ist/ n (esp US) = chemist1. drugstore / 5drQgstR:(r); `drQ^9stRr/ n (US) chemist's shop which also sells many kinds of goods and often serves light meals £¨¼æÓªÔÓ»õ¼°±ã²ÍµÄ£©Ò©·¿, ÔÓ»õµê. Druid / 5dru:Id; `druId/ n priest of an ancient Celtic religion µÂ³ÒÁÌØ£¨¹Å´ú¿Ë¶ûÌØÈËÖеļÀ˾£©. drum / drQm; drQm/ n 1 (music Òô) instrument consisting of a hollow round frame with plastic or skin stretched tightly across the open end(s) which is struck with sticks or the hands ¹Ä: play the drum(s) in a band ÔÚÀÖ¶ÓÖдò¹Ä. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page xi. 2 thing shaped like this instrument, eg a barrel for oil, a hollow cylinder on which wire is wound, or the container for clothes in a washing-machine or clothes drier ¹Ä×´ÎÈçÍ°¡¢ Ͳ£©. =>illus at barrel ¼ûbarrelÖ®²åͼ. 3 = ear-drum (ear). 4 (idm Ï°Óï) beat the drum => beat1. drumbeat n (sound of a) stroke on a drum ¹ÄµÄÒ»»÷£¨Éù£©. drum brake brake in which curved pads press against the inner cylindrical part of a vehicle's wheel ¹ÄʽÖƶ¯Æ÷. Cf ²Î¿´ disc brake (disc). drumhead part of the drum that is hit ¹ÄÃæ. drumhead court-martial trial held during a military operation Õ½µØ¾ü·¨ÉóÅÐ. drum-kit n set of drums used in a band, etc ÀÖ¶ÓµÈʹÓõijÉÌ׵ĹÄ. drum major 1 sergeant who leads a military band when it plays on parade £¨¾üÀÖ¶ÓÔÚÐнøÖÐÑÝ×àµÄ£©Ö¸»Ó. 2 (US) male leader of a marching band £¨ÐнøÀֶӵģ©ÄÐÁì¶Ó. drum majorette / meIdVE5ret; 9medVE`rZt/ (esp US) girl wearing a fancy costume who leads a marching band £¨ÀÖ¶ÓÐнøÖÐÖøÏÊÑÞ·þ×°µÄ£©Å®Áì¶Ó. drumstick n 1 stick for playing a drum ¹Äé³. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page xi. 2 lower part of the leg of a cooked chicken, turkey, etc £¨ÊìµÄ£©¼¦¡¢ »ð¼¦µÈµÄÍÈ£¨×´ËƹÄé³²¿·Ö£©. drum / drQm; drQm/ v (-mm-) 1 [I] play a drum or drums ´ò¹Ä; ÇùÄ; »÷¹Ä. 2 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) on sth make a drum-like sound on sth; tap or beat (sth) continuously £¨ÔÚijÎïÉÏÇôò£©·¢³öËƹÄÖ®Éù; ²»Í£Çôò£¨Ä³Î: drum on the table with one's fingers ÓÃÊÖÖ¸ÔÚ×ÀÉÏÇóö¹ÄµãÉù * drum one's feet on the floor ¶å½Å. 3 (phr v) drum sth into sb/into sb's head make sb remember sth by repeating it often ¾­³£Öظ´Ä³ÊÂʹijÈ˼Çס: Our teacher used to drum our multiplication tables into us. ÎÒÃÇÀÏʦ¹ýÈ¥ÀÏÊÇÈÃÎÒÃÇ·´¸²±³Ëг˷¨±í. drum sb out (of sth) force sb to leave a group, an organization, etc, often in disgrace ÆÈʹijÈËÍÑÀ루ÍÅÌå¡¢ ×éÖ¯µÈ£©£¨³£Îª²»ÃûÓþµØ£©: drummed out of the club, the regiment ±»Öð³ö¾ãÀÖ²¿¡¢ ÍÅÌå. drum sth up try hard to get (support, customers, etc) ´óÁ¦ÕùÈ¡£¨Ö§³Ö¡¢ ¹Ë¿ÍµÈ£©: He's going round firms drumming up interest in the project. Ëûµ½¸÷¹«Ë¾ÓÎ˵ÒÔÒýÆð´ó¼Ò¶Ô¸ÃÏîÄ¿µÄÐËȤ. drummer n 1 person who plays a drum or drums ¹ÄÊÖ. 2 (esp US infml ¿Ú) commercial traveller ÂÃÐÐÍÆÏúÔ±. drumming n [U, sing] continuous rhythmical sound Á¬ÐøµÄÓнÚ×àµÄÉùÒô: the steady drumming of the rain on the tin roofs Óêµã´òÔÚÌúƤÎݶ¥ÉÏ·¢³ö³ÖÐø¶øÓнÚ×àµÄÉùÒô. drunk / drQNk; drQNk/ adj 1 [usu pred ͨ³£×÷±íÓï] excited or confused by alcoholic drink ×í: be blind/dead (ie completely) drunk ÀÃ×í * They've put vodka in her fruit juice to get her drunk. ËûÃÇ°Ñ·üÌؼӾƵ¹ÈëËýµÄ¹ûÖ­ÖÐ, °ÑËý¹à×í. * get drunk on cider ºÈÆ»¹û¾Æ¶ø×íµ¹. 2 [pred ×÷±íÓï] ~ with sth behaving in a strange, often unpleasant, way (because of the excitement of sth) ÌÕ×í; ƮƮȻ; ÍüºõËùÒÔ: drunk with power, success, etc ΪȨÊÆ¡¢ ³É¹¦µÈ¶øƮƮȻ. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) ,drunk and `disorderly (law ÂÉ); ,drunk and in`capable behaving in an unpleasant, uncontrolled way while drunk ¾ÆááʧÒÇ; Ë£¾Æ·è. (as) ,drunk as a `lord very drunk õ¤ôú´ó×í. drunk n person who is drunk ×í¾ÆÕß; ×í¹í. drunkard / -Ed; -Ld/ n (fml ÎÄ) person who often gets drunk; alcoholic ¾Æ¹í; ¾Æͽ. drunkometer n (US) = breathalyser. drunken / 5drQNkEn; `drQNkEn/ adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] 1 drunk ×íµÄ: a drunken reveller ºÈ×íµÄ¿ñ»¶Õß. 2 who gets drunk regularly ³£×íµÄ: her drunken boss, husband, etc ËýÄǾ­³£×íõ¸õ¸µÄÀÏ°å¡¢ ÕÉ·òµÈ. 3 caused by or showing the effects of drink ÒòÒû¾Æ¶øÒýÆðµÄ; ÏÔ³ö¾ÆÁ¦µÄ: a drunken argument, fury, stupor, sleep ¾ÆááµÄÕù³³¡¢ ¿ñ±©¡¢ »èÃÔ¡¢ ³Á˯ * drunken laughter, voices, singing ¾ÆááµÄ´óЦ¡¢ ºúÑÔÂÒÓï¡¢ ¸èÉù. drunkenly adv: stagger about drunkenly ×í¾Æáá²½ÂÄõçõÇ. drunkenness n [U]. drupe / dru:p; drup/ n (botany Ö²) fruit with juicy flesh surrounding a hard stone with a seed, eg an olive or a peach ºË¹û£¨ÈçéÏé­¡¢ ÌÒ×Ó£©. dry / draI; draI/ adj (drier, driest) 1 not (or no longer) wet, damp or sticky; without moisture ǬµÄ; ǬÔïµÄ: Is the washing dry yet? Ï´µÄÒ·þǬÁËÂð? * Don't use this door until the paint is dry. ÓÍÆáδǬ, ±ð×ßÕâ¸öÃÅ. * This pastry is too dry add some water. ×öµãÐĵÄÃæ̫Ǭ--¼Óµã¶ùË®°É. 2 with little rainfall ÉÙÓêµÄ; ǬºµµÄ: a dry spell, climate, country ǬºµÆÚ¡¢ ǬÔïµÄÆøºò¡¢ ǬºµµÄ¹ú¼Ò * I hope it stays dry for our picnic. ÎÒÅÎÖø±ðÏÂÓê, ÎÒÃǺÃÈ¥Ò°²Í. 3 not supplying liquid ²»ÌṩҺÌåµÄ; ǬºÔµÄ: The wells ran dry. ¾®¶¼Ç¬ÁË. * The cows are dry, ie not producing milk. ÄÇЩĸţ²»²úÄÌ. 4 without liquid ÎÞÒºÌåµÄ: a dry cough, ie without phlegm Ǭ¿È£¨ÎÞ̵£© * My throat feels dry. ÎÒɤ×Ó·¢Ç¬. * a dry shampoo, ie in powder form Ǭϴ·¢¼Á£¨·Û×´£©. 5 (of a country or region) where it is illegal to buy or sell alcoholic drink £¨Ö¸Ä³¹ú¼Ò»òµØÇø£©½û¾ÆµÄ: Some parts of Wales are dry on Sundays. Íþ¶ûÊ¿µÄһЩµØÇøÐÇÆÚÈÕ½û¾Æ. 6 (infml ¿Ú) (making one) thirsty £¨ÁîÈË£©¿Ú¿ÊµÄ: I'm a bit dry. ÎÒÓеã¶ù¿Ê. * dry work ÁîÈ˿ڿʵŤ×÷. 7 [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] without butter ÎÞ»ÆÓ͵Ä: dry bread, toast, etc ÎÞ»ÆÓ͵ÄÃæ°ü¡¢ ¿¾Ãæ°üƬµÈ. 8 (of wines, etc) not sweet or fruity £¨Ö¸¾ÆµÈ£©Ç¬µÄ£¨ÎÞÌðζµÄ»òÎÞË®¹ûζµÄ£©: a crisp dry white wine ÇåпɿڵÄǬ°×ÆÏÌÑ¾Æ * a dry sherry ǬѩÀû¾Æ. 9 plain; without anything pleasant or interesting ƽµ­µÄ; ¿ÝÔïµÄ; ÎÞȤζµÄ; Ǭ°Í°ÍµÄ: They offered no apology, just a dry explanation for the delay. ËûÃÇûÓÐΪÑÓÎóµÀǸ, Ö»×öÁ˸öǬ°Í°ÍµÄ½âÊÍ. 10 (of humour) pretending to be serious £¨Ö¸ÓÄĬ£©×°³ÉÕý¾­µÄ: a dry wit ¼Ù×°Õý¾­µÄڶг. 11 unemotional; cold ²»¶¯¸ÐÇéµÄ; Àäµ­µÄ: a dry manner, greeting, tone of voice Àäµ­µÄ̬¶È¡¢ Õкô¡¢ Éùµ÷. 12 dull; boring ¿ÝÔïµÄ; ·¦Î¶µÄ: Government reports tend to make rather dry reading. Õþ¸®µÄ±¨¸æÍùÍù¶ÁÀ´¿ÝÔïÎÞζ. 13 (idm Ï°Óï) boil dry => boil2. (as) ,dry as a `bone completely dry ÍêȫǬÔïµÄ. (as) ,dry as `dust very boring ·Ç³£·¦Î¶µÄ. high and dry => high. home and dry => home3. keep one's powder dry => powder. milk/suck sb/sth dry obtain from sb all the money, help, information, etc he has to give ½ßÁ¦´ÓijÈË´¦»ñÈ¡ÆäËùÓеĽðÇ®¡¢ °ïÖú¡¢ ÏûÏ¢µÈ; եȡ. not a dry eye in the house (joc ÚÊ) everybody in the audience was crying or deeply affected ¹ÛÖÚ¶¼ÔÚ¿Þ»òÉîÊܸж¯. > dryly (also drily)/ 5draIlI; `draIlI/ adv: `They're not likely to give you money,' he remarked dryly. £àËûÃDz»´ó¿ÉÄܸøÄãÇ®,£§ËûÀäµ­µØ˵. dryness n [U]. dry battery electric battery with two or more dry cells Ǭµç³Ø×é. dry cell cell in which the chemicals are in a firm paste which does not spill Ǭµç³Ø. dry-clean v [Tn] clean (clothes, etc) without water, using a solvent which evaporates quickly Ǭϴ£¨Ò·þµÈ£©. dry-cleaner n: The blankets are at the dry-cleaner's. ë̺¶¼ÔÚǬϴµêÀï. dry-cleaning n [U]. dry dock dock from which water may be pumped out for work on a ship's bottom Ǭ´¬Îë: a ship in dry dock for repairs ÔÚǬ´¬ÎëÀï´ýÐ޵Ĵ¬. dry goods 1 grain, fruit, etc Ǭ£¨¹ÈÀà¡¢ Ë®¹ûµÈ£©»õÎï. 2 (esp US) clothing, textiles, etc (as opposed to groceries) ·þ×°¡¢·Ä֯ƷµÈ£¨ÓëʳƷÔÓ»õÏà¶Ô£©. dry ice solid carbon dioxide (used for refrigerating, theatrical effects, etc) Ǭ±ù£¨¹Ì̬µÄ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼, ÓÃì¶ÀäÈ´¡¢ Îę̀Ч¹ûµÈ£©. dry land land as distinct from sea, etc ½µØ£¨Çø±ð춺£ÑóµÈ£©: I'm no sailor and I couldn't wait to reach dry land. ÎÒÔδ¬, ºÞ²»µÃÁ¢¿ÌÉÏ°¶. dry measure measure of capacity for dry goods ǬÁ¿£¨¶ÔǬ»õÎïµÄ¼ÆÁ¿µ¥Î»£©. dry-nurse n nurse who does not suckle the baby she is caring for £¨²»Î¹Ä̵ģ©±£Ä·. dry rot 1 decay of wood, causing it to turn to powder £¨Ä¾²ÄµÄ£©Ç¬¸¯£¨Ê¹Æä³ÉΪ·ÛÄ©£©. 2 fungi that cause this ʹľ²ÄǬ¸¯µÄÕæ¾ú. 3 (fig ±ÈÓ÷) force that gradually spoils eg an organization or moral standards but which is not easily noticed at first £¨³õʱ²»Ò×·¢Ïֵģ©Ö𽥸¯Ê´£¨×éÖ¯¡¢ µÀµÂ±ê×¼µÈ£©µÄÁ¦Á¿. dry run (infml ¿Ú) rehearsal or practice, eg for a ceremony or procedure ÑÝÏ°, ÅÅÁ·£¨ÈçΪµäÀñ»òÀñÒÇ£©: Let's do/have a dry run. ÎÒÃÇÀ´ÅÅÁ·Ò»ÏÂ. dry-shod adj, adv without getting one's feet or shoes wet δŪʪ½Å»òЬ£¨µÄ£©: go ashore dry-shod ÉÏ°¶¶øδʪЬ. drystone adj (of a stone wall) built without mortar £¨Ö¸Ê¯Ç½£©ÎÞ½¬Æö³ÉµÄ. dry-walling n [U] building of drystone walls ÎÞ½¬Ç½Öþ³ÉµÄ½¨ÖþÎï. dry / draI; draI/ v (pt, pp dried) 1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] (cause sb/sth to) become dry £¨Ê¹Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]£©±äǬ: Leave the dishes to dry (off). °ÑÅÌ×Ó·ÅÖøÁÀǬ. * Dry your hands on this towel. ÓÃÕâÌõë½í°ÑÊÖ²ÁǬ. 2 [I] (infml ¿Ú) (of an actor) forget one's lines £¨Ö¸ÑÝÔ±£©Íü¼Ç̨´Ê. 3 (phr v) dry (sb) out (infml ¿Ú) treat (sb) or be treated for alcoholism £¨ÎªÄ³ÈË£©½ä¾Æ. dry (sth) out (cause sth soaked in water, etc to) become completely dry £¨Ê¹½þË®µÈÖ®ÎÍêÈ«±äǬ, Ǭ͸: Your clothes will take ages to dry out. ÄãµÄÒ·þÒªºÜ³¤Ê±¼ä²ÅÄÜǬ͸. dry up (a) (of rivers, wells, etc) become completely dry £¨Ö¸ºÓÁ÷¡¢ ¾®µÈ£©Ç¬ºÔ. (b) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) (of any source or supply) no longer be available £¨Ö¸×ÊÔ´»ò¹©Ó¦£©ºÄ¾¡, ¿Ý½ß: If foreign aid dries up the situation will be desperate. ÌÈÈôÍâÔ®¿Ý½ß, ÐÎÊƽ«¼«ÎªÑÏÖØ. (c) (infml ¿Ú) stop talking ̸ֹͣ»°; ס¿Ú; ס×ì: Dry up and listen to me. ס×ì, ÌýÎÒ˵. (d) be unable to continue talking, esp because one has forgotten what one was going to say ²»ÄܼÌÐø̸ÏÂÈ¥£¨ÓÈÖ¸Íü¼ÇҪ˵µÄ»°£©; Íü´Ê¶ù. dry (sth) up dry (dishes, cutlery, etc) with a towel after washing them ÓÃë½í²ÁǬ£¨Ï´¹ýµÄÅÌ×Ó¡¢ ²Í¾ßµÈ£©. drier (also dryer) / 5draIE(r); `draIL/ n 1 (esp in compounds ÓÈÓÃÒÔ¹¹³É¸´ºÏ´Ê) machine that dries ÍÑË®»ú: a `clothes drier * a `hair-drier * a `tumble-drier. 2 substance mixed with paint or varnish to make it dry more quickly ǬÔï¼Á. DSc / 9di: es 5si:; 9di Zs `si/ abbr Ëõд = Doctor of Science: have/be a DSc in Physics ÓÐÎïÀíѧ²©Ê¿Ñ§Î»[ΪÎïÀíѧ²©Ê¿] * Philip Jones DSc ·ÆÀûÆÕ¡¤Çí˹Àíѧ²©Ê¿. DSO / 9di: es 5EU; 9di Zs `o/ abbr Ëõд = (Brit) (Companion of the) Distinguished Service Order ÌØÊ⹦ÀÍÑ«Õ£¨µÄѫ룩: be awarded the DSO for bravery ÒòÓ¸ÒÈÙ»ñÌØÊ⹦ÀÍÑ«ÕÂ. DT / 9di: 5ti:; 9di `ti/ (also DTs/ 9di: 5ti:z; 9di `tiz/) abbr Ëõд = (infml ¿Ú) trembling delirium (Latin delirium tremens) Õð²üÐÔÚÞÍý£¨Ô´×ÔÀ­¶¡ÎÄdelirium tremens£©: have (an attack of) the DTs »¼Õð²üÐÔÚÞÍý. dual / 5dju:El; ?@ 5du:El; `duEl/ adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] having two parts or aspects; double Á½²¿·ÖµÄ; ¶þÌåµÄ; ¶þÖصÄ; Ë«µÄ: his dual role as composer and conductor Ëû¼æ×÷Çú¼Ò¼°Ö¸»ÓµÄË«ÖØÉí·Ö * She has dual nationality, ie is a citizen of two different countries. Ëý¼æÓÐË«Öعú¼®. duality / dju:5lEtI; ?@ du:-; du`AlEtI/ [U] n. dual carriageway (Brit) (US divided highway) road with a central strip dividing streams of traffic moving in opposite directions Ë«Ïß³µµÀ. dual-control adj (having) two linked sets of controls, allowing operation by either of two people Ë«ÖØ¿ØÖƵÄ, ¸´Ê½²Ù×ݵģ¨Á½ÈËÖÐÈκÎÒ»È˽ԿɲÙ×Ý£©: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a ,dual-control `car, ie one used for driving lessons, in which the instructor can operate the clutch and brakes Ë«¿ØÆû³µ£¨ÓÃÒÔ½ÌÊÚ¼ÝÊ»¼¼Êõ, ½ÌʦÔÚ³µÉϿɲÙ×ÝÀëºÏÆ÷ºÍɲ³µ£©. dual-purpose adj serving two purposes Ë«ÖØÄ¿µÄµÄ; Á½ÓõÄ. dub / dQb; dQb/ v (-bb-) 1 [Cn.n] make (a man) a knight by touching him on the shoulder with a sword ÒÔ½£´¥£¨Ä³ÈË£©¼çÒÔ·â֮Ϊ¾ôÊ¿. 2 [Cn.n] give (sb) a nickname ¸ø£¨Ä³ÈË£©Æð´ÂºÅ; ÆðÍâºÅ: The papers dubbed them `The Fab Four'. ±¨¿¯¸øËûÃÇÆðÁ˸ö´ÂºÅ½Ð£àËľø£§. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) create, add to or replace the soundtrack of (a film), esp in a different language Ϊ£¨Ó°Æ¬£©ÅäÒô£¨ÓÈÖ¸Óò»Í¬µÄÓïÑÔ£©: a dubbed version ÅäÒôƬ * a German film dubbed into English ÓÃÓ¢ÓïÅäÒôµÄµÂ¹úӰƬ. dubbin / 5dQbIn; `dQbIn/ n [U] thick grease for making leather soft and waterproof £¨Æ¤¸ïÓã©Èí»¯·ÀË®ÓÍ. dubbin v [Tn] treat (esp boots) with dubbin ÓÃÈí»¯·ÀË®ÓÍÍ¿²Á£¨ÓÈָƤѥ£©. dubiety / dju:5baIEtI; ?@ du:-; du`baIEtI/ n (fml ÎÄ) 1 [U] feeling of doubt »³ÒÉ; ÒÉ»ó. 2 [C] matter on which one is uncertain ²»¿Ï¶¨µÄÊÂ. dubious / 5dju:bIEs; ?@ 5du:-; `dubIEs/ adj 1 [esp pred ÓÈ×÷±íÓï] ~ (about sth/doing sth) not certain and slightly suspicious about sth; doubtful °ëÐÅ°ëÒÉ; ¿ÉÒÉ: I remain dubious about her motives. ÎÒ¶ÔËýµÄ¶¯»úÈÔ´æÒÉÄî. 2 (derog ±á) possibly or probably dishonest, disreputable or risky ²»´ó¿É¿¿µÄ; ÃûÉù²»´óºÃµÄ; ð·çÏÕµÄ: a rather dubious character ÃûÉù²»Ì«ºÃµÄÈË * a dubious business venture ðÏÕµÄÉÌҵͶ»ú * His background is a trifle dubious, to say the least. ÆðÂë¿ÉÒÔ˵, ËûµÄ±³¾°²»´ó¿É¿¿. 3 uncertain in result; in doubt ½á¹û䶨µÄ; ²»ÄÜÈ·¶¨µÄ: The results of this policy will remain dubious for some time. ÕâÏîÕþ²ßµÄЧ¹û¶ÌÆÚÄÚÄÑÒÔÈ·¶¨. 4 (esp ironic ÓÈ×÷·´Óï) of which the value is doubtful; questionable ¼ÛÖµ¿ÉÒɵÄ; ÓÐÎÊÌâµÄ; ÓÐÕùÒéµÄ: a dubious compliment, ie a disguised insult Ã÷°ýʵ±áµÄ¹§Î¬ * She had the dubious honour of being the last woman to be hanged in England. ËýÊÇÓ¢¹ú×îááÒ»¸öÊܽÊÐ̵ÄÅ®×Ó, ÕâÒ²ËãÊÇÓдËÊâÈÙ°É. dubiously adv. dubiousness n [U]. ducal / 5dju:kl; ?@ 5du:kl; `dukl/ adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] of or like a duke ¹«¾ôµÄ; Ëƹ«¾ôµÄ. duchess / 5dQtFIs; `dQtFIs/ n (in titles ³ÆνÖÐ×÷ Duchess) 1 wife or widow of a duke ¹«¾ô·òÈË; ¹«¾ôÒÅæ×. 2 woman who holds ducal rank in her own right Å®¹«¾ô. duchy / 5dQtFI; `dQtFI/ (also dukedom / 5dju:kdEm; ?@ 5du:k-; `dukdEm/) n territory of a duke or duchess ¹«¾ôµÄÁìµØ. duck / dQk; dQk/ n (pl unchanged or ~s ¸´Êý»ò²»±ä»ò×÷ducks) 1 (a) [C] any of various types of common water-bird, domestic and wild Ѽ; ҰѼ: ducks waddling about the yard ÔÚÔº×ÓÀïÒ»Ò¡Ò»°Ú×ßÖøµÄѼ×Ó. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, page v. (b) [C] female of this ´ÆѼ. Cf ²Î¿´ drake. (c) [U] its flesh as food £¨Ê³Óõģ©Ñ¼Èâ: roast duck ¿¾Ñ¼. 2 [C usu sing ͨ³£×÷µ¥Êý] (also ducky, ducks) (Brit infml ¿Ú) (as a form of address) dear £¨×÷³Æºô£©Ç×°®µÄ, ±¦±´¶ù. 3 [C] (in cricket) batsman's score of nought £¨°åÇò£©Áã·Ö: make a/be out for a duck µÃÁã·Ö¶ø³ö¾Ö * break one's duck, ie score one's first run Ê״ε÷Ö. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) a dead duck => dead. a lame duck => lame. (take to sth) like a ,duck to `water without hesitation, fear or difficulty; naturally ÏñѼ×ÓÏÂË®°ã; ²»ÓÌÔ¥µØ; ²»¾åŵØ; ÎÞÀ§ÄѵØ; ×ÔÈ»µØ: She's taken to teaching like a duck to water. Ëý½ÌÆðÊéÀ´¾ÍÏñѼ×ÓÏÂË®°ãÇá¶øÒ×¾Ù. water off a duck's back => water. a sitting duck => sit. duckling / -lIN; -lIN/ n 1 (a) [C] young duck ³ûѼ; СѼ. (b) [U] its flesh as food £¨Ê³Óõģ©Ð¡Ñ¼Èâ. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) an ugly duckling => ugly. duck-boards n [pl] boards used to spread one's weight when moving over muddy ground, a weak roof, etc £¨ÆÌì¶ÄàÅ¢µØÃæ¡¢ ²»ÀεÄÎݶ¥...Éϵģ©Ä¾°å£¨ÓÃÒÔ·ÖÉ¢ÈËÌåÖØÁ¿£©. ducks and drakes 1 children's game in which flat stones are bounced across the surface of the water ´òˮƯÓÎÏ·. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) play ducks and `drakes with sth spend (esp one's money) in a careless wasteful way ÀË·Ñ; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©»Ó»ô. duckweed n [U] plant that forms on the surface of ponds, etc ¸¡Æ¼£¨ÉúÔÚ³ØÌÁµÈ±íÃæµÄÖ²Î. duck / dQk; dQk/ v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] move (esp one's head) down quickly, to avoid being seen or hit ѸËÙµÍÏ£¨ÓÈָͷ£©£¨ÒÔÃâ±»¿´¼û»ò±»´òÖУ©: I saw the gun and ducked under the window. ÎÒ¼ûµ½Ç¹¾ÍѸËÙ¸©ÔÚ´°ÏÂ. * Duck your head down! µÍÏÂÍ·! 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] push (sb) under water for a short time ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©½þÈëË®ÖÐƬ¿Ì: Her sisters ducked her in the river. ËýµÄ½ãÃðÑËý°´µ½ºÓÀï. 3 [Ipr, Tn] (infml ¿Ú) ~ (out of) sth avoid or dodge (a duty, responsibility etc) ¶ã±Ü, ÍÆÍÑ, ÍÆί£¨ÈÎÎñ¡¢ ÔðÈεȣ©: It's his turn to wash up but he'll try and duck out of it. ÂÖµ½ËûË¢¹øÏ´Íë, ËûÈ´Ïë·¨¶ùÌÓ±Ü. ducking n thorough soaking ½þ͸: give sb a ducking, ie push him into or under the water ʹijÈËÈ«Éíʪ͸£¨½«ÆäÍÆÈëË®ÖУ©. duck / dQk; dQk/ n 1 [U] strong linen or cotton cloth ¼á¹ÌµÄÂé²¼»òÃÞ²¼. 2 ducks [pl] trousers made of this ÕâÖÖ²¼ÖƳɵĿã×Ó. duct / dQkt; dQkt/ n 1 tube or channel carrying liquid, gas, electric or telephone wires, etc; (esp in an air-conditioning system) tube through which air passes £¨ÒºÌå¡¢ ÆøÌå¡¢ µçÏß»òµç»°ÏßµÈͨ¹ýµÄ£©¹ÜµÀ, ²Û; £¨ÓÈÖ¸¿Õµ÷ϵͳÖеģ©ÊäÆø¹Ü: One of the air-ducts has become blocked. ÓÐÒ»ÌõÊäÆø¹Ü¶ÂÈûÁË. 2 tube in the body or in plants through which fluid, etc passes ÈËÌåÖлòÖ²ÎïÖÐÒºÌåµÈ¾­¹ýµÄ¹Ü: `tear-ducts Àá¹Ü. ductless gland gland from which hormones, etc pass directly into the bloodstream, not through a duct ÎÞ¹ÜÏÙ; ÄÚ·ÖÃÚÏÙ. ductile / dQktaIl; ?@ -tl; `dQktl/ adj 1 (of metals) that can be pressed, beaten or pulled into fine strands without being heated £¨Ö¸½ðÊô£©£¨²»¾­¼ÓÈÈ£©¿É¶ÍµÄ, ¿ÉÑÓÕ¹µÄ, ¿ÉÀ­³Éϸ˿µÄ, ÓÐÈÍÐÔµÄ. 2 (fig fml ±ÈÓ÷, ÎÄ) (of a person) easily led or influenced £¨Ö¸ÈË£©Ë³´ÓµÄ, Ò×ÊÜÓ°ÏìµÄ. ductility / dQk5tIlEtI; dQk`tIlEtI/ n [U]. dud / dQd; dQd/ n (infml ¿Ú) thing or person that fails to work properly ÎÞÓõÄÎï»òÈË; ·ÏÎï: Two of the fireworks in the box were duds. ºÐ×ÓÀïµÄÑÌ»ðÓÐÁ½¸öÊÇ»µµÄ. * The new manager is a complete dud. о­ÀíÍêÈ«ÊǸö·ÏÎï. * This battery is a dud. Õâµç³ØÊǷϵÄ. dud adj defective; worthless ÓÐȱµãµÄ; ²»ÍêÉƵÄ; ÎÞ¼ÛÖµµÄ; ÎÞÓÃµÄ * a dud cheque, ie one that is forged or not backed by cash ÎÞÓõÄ֧Ʊ£¨¼Ù֧Ʊ»ò¿Õͷ֧Ʊ£©. dude / dju:d; ?@ du:d; dud/ n (US) 1 city person, esp sb spending a holiday on a ranch ³ÇÀïÈË£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÔÚÅ©³¡¶È¼ÙÕߣ©: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a dude ranch, ie one used as a holiday centre ¶È¼ÙÅ©³¡. 2 dandy æýç«×ÓµÜ; »¨»¨¹«×Ó. 3 (sl Ùµ) man ÄÐÈË: Who's that dude over there? ÄDZߵÄÄǸöÄеÄÊÇË­? dudgeon / 5dQdVEn; `dQdVEn/ n (idm Ï°Óï) in ,high `dudgeon angry, offended or resentful ÄÕÅ­; ·ßÅ­; ·ÞºÞ: He stormed out of the meeting in high dudgeon. Ëûʢŭ֮ϳå³ö»á³¡. duds / dQdz; dQdz/ n [pl] (sl Ùµ) clothes Ò·þ. due / dju:; ?@ du:; du/ adj 1 [pred ×÷±íÓï] (a) ~ (to sb) owed as a debt or an obligation Ó¦Ö§¸¶; Ó¦¸øÓè; Ç·ÏÂ: Have they been paid the money due to them? ËûÃÇÊÇ·ñÒѵõ½ÁËÓ¦µÃµÄÇ®? * I'm still due fifteen days' holiday. ÎÒ»¹Ó¦ÓÐÊ®ÎåÌì¼ÙÆÚ. (b) ~ for sth owed sth; deserving sth Ó¦ÓÐ; Ó¦µÃµ½: She's due for promotion soon. Ëý²»¾Ã¾ÍÒª½úÉýÁË. 2 [pred ×÷±íÓï] requiring immediate payment ÐëÁ¢¼´Ö§¸¶; µ½ÆÚ: fall/become due µ½ÆÚ * My rent isn't due till Wednesday. ÎÒµÄ×â½ðÐÇÆÚÈý²Åµ½ÆÚ. 3 [pred ×÷±íÓï] ~ (to do sth) scheduled; arranged; expected Ô¤¶¨; Ô¼¶¨; Ô¤ÆÚ: His book is due to be published in October. ËûµÄÊéÔ¤¶¨Ê®Ô·ݳö°æ. * The train is due (in) (ie scheduled to arrive) in five minutes. »ð³µÔ¤¶¨ÔÚ5·ÖÖÓááµ½´ï. 4 [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] suitable; right; proper Êʵ±µÄ; Õýµ±µÄ; ÊÊÒ˵Ä: after due consideration ¾­Êʵ±¿¼ÂÇÖ®áá * With all due respect, I disagree completely. ²»´§Ã°ÃÁ, ʵ²»¸Ò¹¶Í¬. 5 ~ to sth/sb caused by sb/sth; because of sb/sth ÓÉijÈË[ijÊÂÎï]ÒýÆðµÄ; ÓÉì¶Ä³ÈË[ijÊÂÎï]: The team's success was largely due to her efforts. ¸Ã¶ÓµÄ³É¹¦Ôںܴó³Ì¶ÈÉÏÊÇÓÉì¶ËýµÄŬÁ¦. 6 (idm Ï°Óï)in ,due `course at the appropriate time; eventually ÔÚÊʵ±Ê±»ú; ×îÖÕ: Your request will be dealt with in due course. ÄãµÄÒªÇó½«ÔÚÊʵ±Ê±»úÓèÒÔ´¦Àí. due NOTE ON USAGE Ó÷¨: 1 Some speakers are careful to use due to only after the verb be ÓÐЩ˵ӢÓïµÄÈËÓÃdue toÒ»´ÊºÜ½÷É÷, ½ö½«Ö®ÓÃ춶¯´ÊÖ®áá: His lateness was due to the very heavy traffic on the motorway. Ëû³Ùµ½ÊÇÒò¸ßËÙ¹«Â·ÉϳµÁ¾¹ý¶àËùÖÂ. But it is also generally considered acceptable today as a synonym for owing to, which is used differently µ«Ä¿Ç°ÆÕ±éÈÏΪ¿É½«due to¿´×÷ÊÇowing toµÄͬÒå´Ê, ¶øowing toµÄÓ÷¨ÓëÖ®Óбð: He was late owing to/due to the very heavy traffic. Ëû³Ùµ½ÊÇÒòΪ½»Í¨Óµ¼·. * Due to/Owing to the heavy traffic, he was late. Òò½»Í¨Óµ¼·, Ëû³Ùµ½ÁË. 2 Due to can be used immediately after a noun *due to¿ÉÖ±½ÓÓÃì¶Ãû´ÊÖ®áá: Accidents due to driving at high speed were very common that weekend. ÔÚÄǸöÖÜÄ©Òò¸ßËÙ¼ÝÊ»Ôì³ÉµÄ½»Í¨Ê¹ʺܶà. due / dju:; ?@ du:; du/ n 1 [sing] thing that should be given to sb by right ijÈËÀíÓ¦µÃµ½µÄ¶«Î÷: He received a large reward, which was no more than his due, ie at least what he deserved. ËûµÃµ½Á˾޴óµÄ³êÀÍ, ÕâÖÁÉÙÊÇËûÓ¦µÃµÄ. 2 dues [pl] charges or fees, eg for membership of a club Ó¦½»ÄɵķÑÓã¨Èç¾ãÀÖ²¿µÄ»á·Ñ£©: I haven't paid my dues yet. ÎÒ»¹Ã»½»»á·Ñ. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) give sb his `due (fml ÎÄ) be fair to sb ¹«Æ½¶Ô´ýijÈË: She's a slow worker but, to give her her due, she does try very hard. Ëý¹¤×÷ºÜÂý, µ«Æ½ÐĶøÂÛ, Ëýȷʵ·Ç³£Å¬Á¦. give the devil his due => devil1. due / dju:; ?@ du:; du/ adv (of points of the compass) exactly £¨Ö¸ÂÞÅ̵ķ½Î»£©ÕýÏò: sail due east ÏòÕý¶«·½º½ÐÐ * walk three miles due north ÏòÕý±±×ßÈýÓ¢Àï. duel / 5dju:El; ?@ 5du:El; `duEl/ n 1 (formerly) formal fight between two men, using swords or pistols, esp to settle a point of honour £¨¾Éʱ£©Á½ÄÐ×ӵľö¶·£¨Óý£»òÊÖǹ, ÓÈÖ¸¹Øϵµ½ÃûÓþÎÊÌ⣩: challenge sb to a duel ÏòijÈËÌôÕ½½øÐоö¶·. 2 (fig ±ÈÓ÷) contest or struggle between two people, groups, etc £¨Ë«·½µÄ£©¾ºÕù, ¶·Õù: engage in a duel of words/wits Ë«·½¶·×ì[¶·ÖÇ]. duel v (-ll-; US also -l-) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) fight a duel ¾ö¶·: duelling pistols, ie pistols used in a duel ÓÃ춾ö¶·µÄÊÖǹ. duellist / 5dju:ElIst; `djuElIst/ (US duelist / 5du:ElIst; `duElIst/) n person fighting a duel ¾ö¶·Õß. duenna / dju:5enE; ?@ du:5enE; du`ZnE/ n (esp in Spain and Portugal) elderly woman acting as governess and chaperon to the daughters of a family £¨ÓÈÖ¸ÔÚÎ÷°àÑÀºÍÆÏÌÑÑÀ£©£¨¼ÒÍ¥ÀïÅ®º¢×ӵģ©±£Ä·, ÅãæÁ. duet / dju:5et; ?@ du:5et; du`Zt/ (also duo) n piece of music for two players or singers ¶þÖØ×àÇú; ¶þÖسªÇú: a duet for violin and piano СÌáÇٺ͸ÖÇٵĶþÖØ×àÇú * We sang a duet. ÎÒÃdzªÁËÒ»Çú¶þÖسª. duff / dQf; dQf/ adj (Brit sl Ùµ) worthless or useless ÎÞ¼ÛÖµµÄ; ÎÞÓõÄ. duff v (Brit sl Ùµ) 1 [Tn] mishit (sth), esp in golf; bungle δ»÷ÖУ¨Ä³Î£¨ÓÈÖ¸¸ß¶û·òÇò£©; ŪÔ㣨ijÊ£©: He duffed his drive off the first tee. Ëû¿ªÇòµÚÒ»¸Ë¾Íδ»÷ÖÐ. 2 (phr v) duff sb up punch or kick sb severely ºÝ´ò»òºÝÌßijÈË. duffer / 5dQfE(r); `dQfL/ n (dated infml ¾É, ¿Ú) stupid or incompetent person ±¿µ°; ÎÞÄܵÄÈË: I was always a bit of a duffer at maths. ÎÒÔÚÊýѧ·½Ãæ×ÜÊÇÓе㱿. duffle (also duffel) / 5dQfl; `dQfl/ n [U] heavy woollen cloth with a soft surface ±íÃæÆðÈ޵ĺñÄØÁÏ. duffle bag long tube-shaped canvas bag closed by a draw-string £¨³é¿ÚµÄ³¤Í²×´£©·«²¼°ü, ÐÐÀî´ü. duffle-coat n coat made of duffle, usu with a hood, fastened with toggles ºñÄØÁÏÖƵÄÍâÒ£¨Í¨³£ÓжµÃ±, ÒÔÌ×Ë÷¿Û½ô£©. dug pt, pp of dig1. dug / dQg; dQ^/ n udder; teat £¨Å£ÑòµÈµÄ£©Èé·¿, ÈéÍ·. dug-out / 5dQg aUt; `dQ^9aJt/ n 1 (also dug-out canoe) canoe made by hollowing out a tree trunk ¶ÀľÖÛ. 2 rough covered shelter, usu for soldiers, made by digging in the earth Ñڱβ¿, ·À¿Õ¶´£¨Í¨³£ÎªÊ¿±øÓõģ©. duke / dju:k; ?@ du:k; duk/ n (in titles ³ÆνÖÐ×÷ Duke) (fem ÒõÐÔ×÷ duchess / 5dQtFIs; `dQtFIs/) 1 (title of a) nobleman of the highest rank ¹«¾ô£¨µÄ³ÆºÅ£©: the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester ¸ñÂå˹Ìع«¾ô¼°¹«¾ô·òÈË. 2 (in some parts of Europe, esp formerly) male ruler of a small independent state £¨Å·ÖÞijЩµØÇø, ÓÈÖ¸¾Éʱ£©£¨¶ÀÁ¢µÄС¹ú»ò¹«¹úµÄ£©¾ýÖ÷. dukedom n 1 position or rank of a duke ¹«¾ôµÄ¾ôλ; ¾ýÖ÷µÄµØλ. 2 = duchy. dulcet / 5dQlsIt; `dQlsIt/ adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] (fml or joc ÎÄ»òÚÊ) sounding sweet; pleasing to the ear ¶¯ÌýµÄ; ÔöúµÄ: (ironic ·´Óï) I thought I recognized your dulcet tones, ie the sound of your voice. ÎÒÏëÎÒÌý³öÁËÄãÄÇÃÀÃîµÄɤÒô. dulcimer / 5dQlsImE(r); `dQlsEmL/ n musical instrument played by striking metal strings with two hammers ÑïÇÙ; ÑóÇÙ. dull / dQl; dQl/ adj (-er, -est) 1 not bright or clear ²»ÏÊ Ã÷µÄ; ²»Çå³þµÄ: a dull colour, glow, thud °µµ­µÄÑÕÉ«¡¢ »è°µµÄ¹â¡¢ ³ÁÃƵÄÏìÉù * dull (ie cloudy) weather Òõ³ÁµÄÌìÆø * dull of hearing, ie slightly deaf ÌýÁ¦²»¼Ñ. 2 slow in understanding; stupid ³Ù¶ÛµÄ; ´ô±¿µÄ: a dull pupil, class, mind ³Ù¶ÛµÄѧÉú¡¢ Ò»°àѧÉú¡¢ Í·ÄÔ. 3 lacking interest or excitement; boring; monotonous ¿ÝÔïÎÞζµÄ; ÁîÈËÑá·³µÄ; µ¥µ÷µÄ: The conference was deadly dull. »áÒ鿪µÃËÀÆø³Á³ÁµÄ. 4 not sharp ²»·æÀûµÄ; ¶ÛµÄ: a dull knife ¶Ûµ¶. 5 (of pain) not felt sharply £¨Ö¸ÌÛÍ´£©¸Ð¾õ²»Ã÷ÏÔµÄ, ÒþÔ¼¸Ð¾õµ½µÄ: a dull ache ÒþÔ¼µÄÌÛÍ´. 6 (of trade) not busy; slow £¨Ö¸ÉúÒ⣩ÏôÌõµÄ, Çåµ­µÄ: There's always a dull period after the January sales. ÔÚÒ»Ô·ݴó¼õ¼ÛÖ®ááÊÐÃæ×ÜÒªÓÐÒ»¶ÎÇ嵭ʱÆÚ. 7 (idm Ï°Óï) (as) ,dull as `ditch-water (infml ¿Ú) very boring ¼«³ÁÃÆ·¦Î¶µÄ. dull v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become dull £¨Ê¹Ä³ÊÂÎ±ä¶Û, ±ä³Ù¶Û: Watching television dulls one's wits. ¿´µçÊÓÄÜʹÈËÍ·ÄÔ³Ù¶Û. * She took drugs to dull the pain. Ëý³ÔÁËÒ©ÒÔ¼õÇáÌÛÍ´. * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) Time had dulled the edge of his grief. ËêÔÂÁ÷Êų嵭ÁËËûµÄÓÇÉË. dullness n [U]. dully adj. dullard / 5dQlEd; `dQlLd/ n person who thinks slowly; stupid person Í·ÄÔ³Ù¶ÛµÄÈË; ±¿ÈË. duly / 5dju:lI; ?@ 5du:lI; `dulI/ adv 1 in a due, correct or proper manner £¨·½Ê½£©Õýµ±µØ, ÕýÈ·µØ, Êʵ±µØ: The president was duly elected. ×ÜͳÒÑÕýʽѡ³ö. 2 at the due and proper time; punctually °´Ê±µØ; ÊÊʱµØ; ׼ʱµØ: I duly knocked on his door at three o'clock. ÎÒ׼ʱÔÚÈýµãÖÓÇÃÁËËûµÄÃÅ. dumb / dQm; dQm/ adj (-er, -est) 1 unable to speak ÑƵÄ: She's been dumb from birth. ËýÉúÀ´¼´ÑÆ. * our dumb friends, ie animals ÎÒÃǵIJ»ÄÜÑÔÓïµÄÅóÓÑ£¨¼´¶¯Î * (fig ±ÈÓ÷) be struck dumb (ie left speechless) with horror, fear, amazement, etc Òò¿Ö²À¡¢ ¿Ö¾å¡¢ ¾ªãµµÈ¶ø˵²»³ö»°À´. 2 [usu pred ͨ³£×÷±íÓï] temporarily silent; refusing to speak ÔÝʱ³ÁĬ; ¾Ü¾ø˵»°: They begged him to explain, but he remained dumb. ËûÃÇÇëÇóËû½âÊÍ, µ«Ëû±£³Ö³ÁĬ²»Óï. 3 (infml ¿Ú) stupid ÓÞ´ÀµÄ: That was a pretty dumb thing to do. ÄǼþʸɵÿÉÕæ´À. * If the police question you, act dumb, ie pretend you don't know anything. ¾¯·½ÒªÊÇÅÌÎÊÄã, ¾Í×°×÷ʲ÷áÒ²²»ÖªµÀ. dumbly adv. dumbness n [U]. dumb show communication using gestures but no words; mime ÊÖÓï; ÑÆÓï; Ñƾç. dumb waiter (a) (US lazy Susan) stand with shelves for holding food ready to be served ʳƷ̨; ʳƷ¼Ü. (b) small lift for carrying food, etc from one floor to another, esp in a restaurant СÐÍÉý½µ»ú£¨ÓÈÖ¸·¹µêÖд«ËÍʳÎïÕߣ©. dumb-bell / 5dQmbel; `dQm9bZl/ n 1 short bar with a weight at each end, used for exercising the muscles, esp those of the arms and shoulders ÑÆÁå. 2 (US infml ¿Ú) stupid person ±¿µ°; ´À»õ. dumbfound (also dumfound) / dQm5faUnd; dQm`faJnd/v [Tn esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] make (sb) speechless with surprise; astonish ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©Êܾª¶ø˵²»³ö»°; ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË£©¾ªÑÈ: We were completely dumbfounded by her rudeness. Ëý´Ö³ÎÞÀñ, °ÑÎÒÃÇÏÅ´ôÁË. dumdum / 5dQmdQm; `dQmdQm/ n (also dumdum bullet) soft-nosed bullet that expands on impact, causing a gaping wound ´ïÄ·µ¯. dummy / 5dQmI; `dQmI/ n 1 [C] model of the human figure, used for displaying or fitting clothes, etc £¨ÓÃì¶Õ¹Ê¾»òÊÔ´©·þ×°µÈµÄ£©ÈËÌåÄ£ÐÍ: a tailor's dummy ·þ×°µêµÄÈËÌåÄ£ÐÍ. 2 [C] thing that appears to be real but is only an imitation ·ÂÖÆÆ·: The bottles of whisky on display are all dummies. ³ÂÁеÄÍþÊ¿¼É¾Æ¶¼ÊǼٵÄ. 3 [C] (esp Brit) (US comforter, pacifier) rubber teat, not attached to a bottle, for a baby to suck £¨²»×°ÔÚÆ¿×ÓÉϵģ©ÏðƤÄÌÍ·. 4 [sing] (a) (in card-games, esp bridge) player whose cards are placed facing upwards on the table and played by his partner £¨Ö½ÅÆÓÎÏ·, ÓÈÖ¸ÇÅÅÆ£©Ã÷ÊÖ, Ãμң¨½«ÅÆ̯³öÕߣ©. (b) these cards Ã÷ÊÖ¡¢ ÃμÒ̯³öÖ®ÅÆ: She played a jack from dummy. Ëý´ÓÃ÷ÊÖ̯³öµÄÅÆÖдò³öÒ»ÕÅJ. 5 [C] (US infml ¿Ú) stupid person ±¿µ°; ´À»õ. dummy run trial or practice attack, performance, etc ¹¥»÷¡¢ ±íÑݵȵÄÊÔÑé»òÑÝÏ°. dump / dQmp; dQmp/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] 1 put (sth unwanted) in a place and leave as rubbish ¶ªÆú£¨²»ÐèÒªµÄijÎ; Çãµ¹£¨À¬»ø£©: Some people just dump their rubbish in the river. ÓÐЩÈ˾¶Ö±ÍùºÓÀïµ¹À¬»ø. * Sealed containers of nuclear waste have been dumped in the sea. Ê¢Óк˷ÏÁϵÄÃÜ·âÈÝÆ÷±»¶ªÔÚº£Àï. 2 put (sth) down carelessly, heavily or in a mass ½«£¨Ä³Î´ÖÐĵػòÃÍÁ¦µØ·ÅÏ»ò·Å³ÉÒ»¶Ñ: dump a load of gravel, a pile of newspapers, a bundle of dirty clothes Çãµ¹Ò»³µËéʯ¡¢ ÈÓÏÂÒ»¶Ñ±¨Ö½¡¢ ·ÅÏÂÒ»°üÔàÒ·þ * Just dump everything over there I'll sort it out later. ÏȰѶ«Î÷¶¼¶ÑÔÚÄDZß--ÎҵȻá¶ùÔÙÕûÀí. 3 (infml often derog ¿Ú, ³£×÷±áÒå) leave or abandon (sb) ¶ªÏ»òÅ×Æú£¨Ä³ÈË£©: She dumped the kids at her mother's and went to the theatre. Ëý°Ñº¢×Ó·ÅÔÚÄï¼Ò¾Í¿´Ï·È¥ÁË. * He's dumped his wife and gone off with one of his students. Ëû¶ªÏÂÆÞ×Ó, ¸ú×Ô¼ºµÄÒ»¸öѧÉúÅÜÁË. 4 (derog commerce ±á, ÉÌ) sell abroad at a very low price (goods that are not wanted in the home market) Ïò¹úÍâÁ®¼ÛÇãÏú£¨¹úÄÚÊг¡²»ÐèÒªµÄ»õÎ. 5 (computing ¼Æ) transfer (data, etc) from one part of a system to another or from one storage system to another ת´¢£¨Êý¾ÝµÈ£©. 6 (idm Ï°Óï) drop/dump sth in sb's lap => lap1. dump n 1 place where rubbish may be unloaded and left; rubbish-heap À¬»ø³¡; À¬»ø¶Ñ. Cf ²Î¿´ tip2 n. 2 temporary store of military supplies ¾üÐèÆ·µÄÁÙʱ´æ·Å´¦: an ammu`nition dump ¾ü»ðÁÙʱ´æ·Å´¦. 3 (infml derog ¿Ú, ±á) dirty or unattractive place °¹ÔàµÄ»òÌÖÑáµÄµØ·½: How can you live in this dump? ÄãÔõ÷áסÔÚÕâ¸öÆƵط½? dumper n (also dumper truck, US dumptruck) small vehicle, used on building sites, etc, with a container that can be tilted to dump its contents £¨½¨Öþ¹¤µØÉÏʹÓõÄ, Óз­¶·µÄ£©Ð¡ÐÍ×ÔжÔØÖسµ. dumpling / 5dQmplIN; `dQmplIN/ n 1 small ball of dough steamed or boiled, eg in a stew ÕôµÄ»òÖóµÄСÃæÍÅ; ÌÀÍÅ; ÍÅ×Ó. 2 baked pudding made of dough filled with fruit £¨½«Ë®¹û·ÅÔÚÃæÍÅÖкæÖƶø³ÉµÄ£©Ë®¹û²¼¶¡: an apple dumpling Æ»¹û²¼¶¡. 3 (infml ¿Ú) short plump person °«ÅÖµÄÈË; ÅÖ¶Õ×Ó. dump / dQmp; dQmp/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] 1 put (sth unwanted) in a place and leave as rubbish ¶ªÆú£¨²»ÐèÒªµÄijÎ; Çãµ¹£¨À¬»ø£©: Some people just dump their rubbish in the river. ÓÐЩÈ˾¶Ö±ÍùºÓÀïµ¹À¬»ø. * Sealed containers of nuclear waste have been dumped in the sea. Ê¢Óк˷ÏÁϵÄÃÜ·âÈÝÆ÷±»¶ªÔÚº£Àï. 2 put (sth) down carelessly, heavily or in a mass ½«£¨Ä³Î´ÖÐĵػòÃÍÁ¦µØ·ÅÏ»ò·Å³ÉÒ»¶Ñ: dump a load of gravel, a pile of newspapers, a bundle of dirty clothes Çãµ¹Ò»³µËéʯ¡¢ ÈÓÏÂÒ»¶Ñ±¨Ö½¡¢ ·ÅÏÂÒ»°üÔàÒ·þ * Just dump everything over there I'll sort it out later. ÏȰѶ«Î÷¶¼¶ÑÔÚÄDZß--ÎҵȻá¶ùÔÙÕûÀí. 3 (infml often derog ¿Ú, ³£×÷±áÒå) leave or abandon (sb) ¶ªÏ»òÅ×Æú£¨Ä³ÈË£©: She dumped the kids at her mother's and went to the theatre. Ëý°Ñº¢×Ó·ÅÔÚÄï¼Ò¾Í¿´Ï·È¥ÁË. * He's dumped his wife and gone off with one of his students. Ëû¶ªÏÂÆÞ×Ó, ¸ú×Ô¼ºµÄÒ»¸öѧÉúÅÜÁË. 4 (derog commerce ±á, ÉÌ) sell abroad at a very low price (goods that are not wanted in the home market) Ïò¹úÍâÁ®¼ÛÇãÏú£¨¹úÄÚÊг¡²»ÐèÒªµÄ»õÎ. 5 (computing ¼Æ) transfer (data, etc) from one part of a system to another or from one storage system to another ת´¢£¨Êý¾ÝµÈ£©. 6 (idm Ï°Óï) drop/dump sth in sb's lap => lap1. dump n 1 place where rubbish may be unloaded and left; rubbish-heap À¬»ø³¡; À¬»ø¶Ñ. Cf ²Î¿´ tip2 n. 2 temporary store of military supplies ¾üÐèÆ·µÄÁÙʱ´æ·Å´¦: an ammu`nition dump ¾ü»ðÁÙʱ´æ·Å´¦. 3 (infml derog ¿Ú, ±á) dirty or unattractive place °¹ÔàµÄ»òÌÖÑáµÄµØ·½: How can you live in this dump? ÄãÔõ÷áסÔÚÕâ¸öÆƵط½? dumper n (also dumper truck, US dumptruck) small vehicle, used on building sites, etc, with a container that can be tilted to dump its contents £¨½¨Öþ¹¤µØÉÏʹÓõÄ, Óз­¶·µÄ£©Ð¡ÐÍ×ÔжÔØÖسµ. dumps / dQmps; dQmps/ n [pl] (idm Ï°Óï) (down) in the dumps (infml ¿Ú) depressed; feeling gloomy ¾ÚÉ¥µÄ; ÒÖÓôµÄ. dumpy / 5dQmpI; `dQmpI/ adj (-ier, -iest) (esp of a person) short and fat £¨ÓÈÖ¸ÈË£©°«ÅÖµÄ. dumpiness n [U]. dun / dQn; dQn/ adj, n (of a) dull greyish-brown colour °µºÖÉ«µÄ; °µºÖÉ«. dun / dQn; dQn/ v (-nn-) [Tn] persistently demand payment of a debt from (sb) £¨²»¶ÏµØÏòijÈË£©ÌÖÕ®; ´ßÌÖÕ®¿î. dunce / dQns; dQns/ n person, esp a pupil, who is stupid or slow to learn £¨ÔÚѧϰÉÏ£©ÓÞ±¿µÄ»ò³Ù¶ÛµÄÈË£¨ÓÈָѧÉú£©. dunce's cap pointed paper hat formerly given to dull pupils to wear in class as a punishment £¨¾ÉʱÁÓµÈÉúÔÚ¿ÎÌÃÉÏ´÷µÄ£©Ô²×¶ÐÎֽñ£¨ÒÔʾ³Í·££©. dunderhead / 5dQndEhed; `dQndL9hZd/ n (derog ±á) stupid person ±¿ÈË; ´À²Ä. dune / dju:n; ?@ du:n; dun/ (also sand-dune) n mound of loose dry sand formed by the wind £¨ÓÉ춷紵¶øÐγɵģ©É³Çð. dung / dQN; dQN/ n [U] animal excrement, esp when used as manure ¶¯ÎïµÄ·à±ã; £¨ÓÈÖ¸£©·à·Ê. dunghill n heap of dung in a farmyard ·à¶Ñ. dungarees / 9dQNgE5ri:z; 9dQN^E`riz/ n [pl] overalls or trousers made of coarse cotton cloth £¨´ÖÃÞ²¼ÖƵģ©³¤¹¤×÷·þ, ¹¤×°¿ã: a pair of dungarees Ò»Ìõ¹¤×°¿ã. dungeon / 5dQndVEn; `dQndVEn/ n underground prison cell, esp in a castle µØÀΣ¨ÓÈÖ¸³Ç±¤ÖÐÕߣ©. dunk / dQNk; dQNk/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (in/into sth) 1 dip (food) in liquid before eating ½«£¨Ê³Î½þÈëÒºÌ壨ÔÙ³Ô£©: dunk a biscuit in one's coffee ½«±ýǬÅÝÈ뿧·È. 2 submerge (sb/sth) briefly in water ½«£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]£©ÔÚË®ÖнþÒ»ÏÂ, ÕºÒ»ÏÂ: They dunked her in the swimming-pool as a joke. ËûÃǸúËý¿ªÍæЦ, °ÑËýÍùÓÎÓ¾³ØÀï½þÁËÒ»ÏÂ. duo / 5dju:EU; ?@ 5du:EU; `duo/ n (pl ~s) 1 pair of performers ³É¶ÔµÄ±íÑÝÕß: a comedy duo Ò»¶Ôϲ¾çÑÝ Ô±. 2 = duet. duodecimal / 9dju:EU5desIml; ?@ 9du:E5desEml; 9duE`dZsEml/ adj based on twelve or twelfths; proceeding by twelves Ê®¶þµÄ; Ê®¶þ·ÖËãµÄ; Ê®¶þ½øµÄ: a duodecimal system Ê®¶þ½øÖÆ. duodenum / 9dju:E5di:nEm; ?@ 9du:E5di:nEm; 9duE`dinEm/ n (anatomy ½â) first part of the small intestine, immediately below the stomach Ê®¶þÖ¸³¦. =>illus at digestive ¼ûdigestiveÖ®²åͼ. duodenal / 9dju:E5di:nl; ?@ 9du:E5di:nl; 9duE`dinl/ adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï]: a duodenal ulcer Ê®¶þÖ¸³¦À£Ññ. duologue / 5dju:ElCg; ?@ 5du:ElR:g; `duE9lR^/ n conversation between two people £¨¶þÈ˵ģ©¶Ô»°. dupe / dju:p; ?@ du:p; dup/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth) deceive or trick sb (into doing sth) ÆÛÆ­»òºåƭijÈË£¨×öijÊ£©. dupe n person who is duped; fool ÊÜÆ­µÄÈË; ɵ×Ó: I won't be his dupe any longer. ÎÒÔÙÒ²²»ÊÜËûµÄÆ­ÁË. duple time / 9dju:pl 5taIm; ?@ du:pl; `dupl 9taIm/ (music Òô) rhythm with two beats in a bar ¶þÅÄ×Ó. duplex / 5dju:pleks; ?@ 5du:pleks; `duplZks/ adj having two parts ÓÐÁ½²¿·ÖµÄ. duplex n (US) 1 (a) building divided into two dwellings ÅþÁªÊ½½¨Öþ£¨·Ö¸ô³ÉÁ½¸öסլÕߣ©. (b) either of these dwellings ÅþÁªÊ½½¨ÖþÁ½¸öסլÖеÄÒ»¸ö. 2 (also duplex apartment) apartment on two floors Õ¼Á½²ãÂ¥µÄ¹«Ô¢Ì×·¿. duplicate / 5dju:plIkEt; ?@ 5du:plEkEt; `duplEkEt/ adj [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] 1 exactly like something else; identical £¨ÓëÁíÒ»ÎÍêÈ«Ò»ÑùµÄ; ÍêÈ«ÏàͬµÄ: a duplicate set of keys £¨ÓëÁíÒ»Ì×£©ÍêÈ«ÏàͬµÄÒ»Ì×Ô¿³×. 2 having two identical parts; twofold; double Á½²¿·ÖÍêÈ«ÏàͬµÄ; Ë«ÖصÄ; ¶þ±¶µÄ: a duplicate receipt, form, etc Ë«ÁªÊ½Êվݡ¢ ±í¸ñµÈ. duplicate n 1 one of two or more things that are exactly alike; copy ÏàËÆÎï; ¸´ÖÆÆ·: Is this a duplicate or the original? ÕâÊǸ´ÖƼþ»¹ÊÇÔ­¼þ? 2 (idm Ï°Óï) in duplicate (of documents, etc) as two identical copies £¨Ö¸ÎļþµÈ£©Ò»Ê½Á½·Ý: complete a form, prepare a contract, etc in duplicate Ìîд±í¸ñ¡¢ ×¼±¸ºÏͬµÈһʽÁ½·Ý. duplicate / 5dju:plIkeIt; ?@ 5du:plEkeIt; `duplE9ket/ v 1 [Tn esp passive ÓÈÓÃ춱»¶¯Óï̬] make an exact copy of (sth) ¸´ÖÆ£¨Ä³Î. 2 [Tn] do (sth) again, esp unnecessarily; repeat ÔÙÒ»´Î×ö£¨Ä³Ê£©£¨ÓÈÖ¸ÎÞ±ØÒªµØ£©; Öظ´: This research merely duplicates work already done elsewhere. ÕâÏîÑо¿½ö½öÊÇÖظ´±ðÈËÒѾ­×ö¹ýµÄ¹¤×÷. duplication / 9dju:plI5keIFn; ?@ 9du:plE5keIFn; 9duplE`keFEn/ n [U] duplicating or being duplicated ¸´ÖÆ; Öظ´: We must avoid wasteful duplication of effort. ÎÒÃDZØÐë±ÜÃâÎÞνµÄÖظ´ÀͶ¯. duplicator n machine for making copies of written or typed material ¸´Ó¡»ú. duplicity / dju:5plIsEtI; ?@ du:5plIsEtI; du`plIsEtI/ n [U] (fml ÎÄ) deliberate deception ÆÛÆ­. durable / 5djUErEbl; ?@ 5dUErEbl; `dJrEbl/ adj lasting for a long time ³Ö¾ÃµÄ; Ä;õÄ: a durable peace, friendship, settlement ³Ö¾ÃµÄºÍƽ¡¢ ÓÀºãµÄÓÑÒê¡¢ ÓÀ¾ÃµÄ½â¾ö * trousers made of durable material ÄÍ´©µÄÁÏ×ÓÖƳɵĿã×Ó * This varnish provides a durable finish. ÕâÖÖÇåÆá¿É×÷Ä;õÄÕÖÃæÆá. durability / 9djUErE5bIlEtI; ?@ 9dUrE5bIlEtI; 9dJrE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. durables n [pl] (also consumer durables) goods expected to last for a long time after they have been bought, eg vacuum cleaners ÄÍÓÃÆ·£¨ÈçÎü³¾Æ÷£©. duration / djU5reIFn; ?@ dU5reIFn; dJ`reFEn/ n [U] 1 time during which sth lasts or continues ³ÖÐøʱ¼ä; ÆÚ¼ä: of short, long, three years', etc duration ¶ÌµÄ¡¢ ³¤µÄ¡¢ ³ÖÐøÈýÄêµÄÒ»¶Îʱ¼ä * for the duration of this government ±¾½ìÕþ¸®Ö´ÕþÆÚ¼ä. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) for the duration (infml ¿Ú) (a) until the end of the war ÔÚÕ½ÕùÆÚ¼ä. (b) (fig ±ÈÓ÷) for a very long time ºÜ³¤µÄʱ¼ä: Well, I'm stuck here for the duration, eg for the whole term. °¥, Õâ¶Îʱ¼ä£¨ÈçÕû¸öѧÆÚ£©ÎÒÖ»µÃ´ôÔÚÕâÀïÁË. duress / djU5res; ?@ dU5res; `dJrZs/ n [U] threats or force used to make sb do sth; (usu illegal) compulsion Íþв; ±ÆÆÈ; £¨Í¨³£Ö¸·Ç·¨µÄ£©Ç¿ÆÈÐж¯: sign a confession under duress ÊÜÍþ±ÆÔÚ¹©×´ÉÏÇ©×Ö. during / 5djUErIN; ?@ 5dUr-; `dJrIN/ prep 1 throughout (a period of time taken by an action or event) ÔÚ...ÆÚ¼ä: There are extra trains to the seaside during the summer. ͨÍùº£±õµÄ»ð³µÔÚÏļ¾Óмӳµ. * During his lifetime his work was never published. ËûµÄ×÷Æ·ÔÚËûµÄÓÐÉúÖ®Äê´Óδ³ö°æ¹ý. * He stopped for applause three times during his speech. ËûÔÚ½²»°¹ý³ÌÖÐÔøÍ£ÏÂÈý´ÎµÈ´ýÕÆÉùÂäÏÂ. 2 within (a specified period of time) ÔÚ£¨Ä³¶Îʱ¼ä£©ÄÚ: They only met twice during the whole time they were neighbours. ËûÃÇÔÚÅþÁÚ¶ø¾ÓÆÚ¼äÖ»¼û¹ýÁ½´ÎÃæ. * There will be two intervals during the performance. ÑݳöÆڼ佫ÓÐÁ½´ÎÐÝÏ¢. 3 at a particular time while (sth) progresses ÔÚ£¨Ä³Ê£©½øÐйý³ÌÖеÄijһʱ¼ä: The phone rang during the meal. ³Ô·¹Ê±µç»°ÁåÏìÁË. * There was a bomb scare during the procession. ÔÚÁжÓÐнøʱÒò»³ÒÉÓÐÕ¨µ¯¶øÒýÆð¿Ö»Å. * Her husband was taken to hospital during the night. ËýÕÉ·òÔÚÒ¹¼ä±»ËͽøÒ½Ôº. dusk / dQsk; dQsk/ n [U] time after twilight and before night »Æ»è; °øÍí: The street lights come on at dusk and go off at dawn. ·µÆÔڻƻèʱ¿ª, ·÷Ïþʱ¹Ø. dusky / 5dQskI; `dQskI/ adj (-ier, -iest) 1 shadowy; dim »è°µµÄ; ºÚ°µµÄ; °µµ­µÄ; ëüëʵÄ: the dusky light inside the cave ɽ¶´Äڻ谵µÄ¹âÏß. 2 (a) dark-coloured ÑÕÉ«ÉîµÄ; ÑÕÉ«°µµÄ: dusky blue, red, etc ÉîÀ¶¡¢ Éîºì. (b) (often offensive ³£×÷ÇáÃïÓï) dark-skinned Ƥ·ôºÚµÄ; ·ôÉ«ÉîµÄ: a dusky maiden Ƥ·ôºÚµÄÉÙÅ® * dusky tribes ·ôÉ«ÉîµÄÖÖ×å. duskiness n [U]. dust / dQst; dQst/ n [U] 1 fine dry powder consisting of particles of earth, dirt, etc »Ò³¾; ³¾ÍÁ; ³¾°£: a speck of dust Ò»µã»Ò³¾ * The old furniture was covered in dust. ¾É¼Ò¾ßÉÏÓг¾ÍÁ. * clouds of dust blowing in the wind ·ç´µÆðµÄ³¾Îí * gold, chalk, etc dust, ie fine particles of gold, chalk, etc ½ð·Û¡¢ ·Û±Ê»Ò * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] A dust-cloud (ie A whirlwind carrying clouds of dust) swept across the plain. Ðý·ç¾íÖøÂþÌì³¾ÍÁºáɨƽԭ. 2 (rhet ÐÞ´Ç) remains of a dead person Òź¡. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) bite the dust => bite1. dry as dust => dry1. kick up/raise a `dust (infml ¿Ú) make a fuss ÒýÆðɧÂÒ. shake the dust off one's feet => shake1. throw dust in sb's eyes prevent sb from seeing the truth by misleading him ÃɱÎijÈË, ʹÆä²»Ã÷ÕæÏà. when the dust has settled when the present uncertainty, unpleasantness, etc is over ÑÌÏûÔÆÉ¢; ÒÉÔÆÉ¢¾¡; ³îÔÆÉ¢¾¡. dustbin n (Brit) (US garbage can, trash-can) container for (esp household) rubbish £¨ÓÈÖ¸¼ÒÍ¥µÄ£©À¬»øÍ°. dust bowl area that has lost its vegetation through drought, over-cultivation, etc £¨ÒòºµÔÖ¡¢ ¸ûµØʹÓùý¶ÈµÈ£©Ê§È¥Ö²±»µÄµØÇø. dust-cart n (Brit) (US garbage truck) vehicle for collecting rubbish from dustbins À¬»ø³µ. dust-cover n 1 cover used for protecting a computer, gramophone turntable, etc from dust £¨¼ÆËã»ú¡¢ ÁôÉù»úתÅ̵ȵģ©·À³¾ÕÖ. 2 = dust-jacket. 3 = dust-sheet. dust-jacket n removable paper cover to protect the binding of a book »¤·â. dustman / -mEn; -mEn/ n (pl -men/ -mEn; -mEn/) (Brit) (US garbage man) man employed by a local authority to empty dustbins and remove rubbish Çå³ýÀ¬»øµÄ¹¤ÈË. dustpan n pan into which dust is brushed from the floor ô¤»þ. dust-sheet n sheet used for covering furniture that is not in use, to protect it from dust ¼Ò¾ßÕÖµ¥. dust-up n [sing] (infml ¿Ú) noisy quarrel or fight Õù³³; ³³ÄÖ; ´ò¼Ü. dust / dQst; dQst/ v 1 (a) [Tn] remove dust from (sth) by wiping, brushing or flicking ½«³¾ÍÁ´Ó£¨Ä³ÎÉÏĨȥ¡¢ ˢȥ»ò·÷È¥: dust the furniture, books, living-room ÊÃÈ¥¼Ò¾ßÉϵġ¢ ÊéÉϵġ¢ ¿ÍÌüÀïµÄ»Ò³¾. (b) [Tn.p] ~ sb down/off remove dust from sb by brushing or flicking ½«³¾ÍÁ´ÓijÈËÉíÉÏˢȥ»ò·÷È¥: Dust yourself down you're covered in chalk. °ÑÄã×Ô¼ºÉíÉϵ§µ§--ÉÏÃ涼ÊÇ·Û±ÊÄ©. 2 (phr v) dust sth off begin to practise sth, esp a skill or a language that one knows but has not used for some time ¿ªÊ¼¸´Ï°Ä³Ê£¨ÓÈÖ¸Ò»¶Îʱ¼äÄÚ¸éÖò»Óõļ¼ÒÕ»òÓïÑÔ£©: I'll have to dust off my French if we're going to move to Paris. ÎÒÃÇÒªÊÇ°áµ½°ÍÀèÈ¥, ÎҾ͵ðѷ¨ÓïÖØÐÂÊ°ÆðÀ´. dust sth onto, over, etc sth sprinkle (sth powdery) over sth ½«£¨·Û×´ÎÈöÔÚijÎï±íÃæ: dust sugar onto a cake ½«ÌÇ·ÛÈöÔÚµ°¸âÉÏ. dust sth with sth sprinkle sth with (sth powdery) ÒÔ£¨·Û×´ÎÈöÔÚijÎïÉÏ: dust a cake with icing sugar ½«ÌÇ˪ÈöÔÚµ°¸âÉÏ. duster n cloth for dusting furniture, etc Þø²¼; Ĩ²¼. dusty / 5dQstI; `dQstI/ adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) full of dust; covered with dust ÂúÊǻҳ¾µÄ; ÂäÂú»Ò³¾µÄ: This room's rather dusty, I'm afraid. ÎÒ¿´, Õâ¼äÎÝ×ӵij¾ÍÁδÃâÌ«¶àÁË. (b) like dust »Ò³¾°ãµÄ; ·Ûĩ״µÄ. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) a dusty answer curt rejection of a request; unfriendly refusal £¨¶ÔÒªÇóµÄ£©ÇáÂʵĻؾø; µ­È»µÄ¾Ü¾ø. not so dusty (dated Brit infml ¾É, ¿Ú) fairly good »¹ºÃ; »¹²»»µ: `How are you feeling?' `Oh, not so dusty, thanks!' £àÄãÉíÌåÔõÑù?£§£à°¡, »¹²»´í, ¶àл!£§ dustiness n [U]. Dutch / dQtF; dQtF/ adj 1 of the Netherlands (Holland), its people or their language ºÉÀ¼µÄ; ºÉÀ¼È˵Ä; ºÉÀ¼ÓïµÄ. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) Dutch courage (infml joc ¿Ú, ÚÊ) courage that comes from drinking alcohol ¾ÆááÖ®ÓÂ. a Dutch treat a meal, an entertainment, etc at which each person pays for himself ¸÷×Ô¸¶·ÑµÄ¾Û²Í¡¢ ÓéÀÖµÈ. go Dutch (with sb) share expenses ¾ù̯·ÑÓÃ. talk (to sb) like a Dutch uncle => talk2. Dutch n 1 the Dutch [pl v] the people of the Netherlands ºÉÀ¼ÈË. 2 [U] the language of the Dutch ºÉÀ¼Óï. Cf ²Î¿´ double Dutch (double1). Dutch auction sale in which the price is gradually reduced until a buyer is found ½µ¼ÛʽÅÄÂô£¨Öð½¥½µ¼ÛÖ±ÖÁÓÐÈ˹ºÂòΪֹ£©. Dutch barn farm building consisting of a roof supported on poles, without walls, used as a shelter for hay, etc £¨·ÅǬ²ÝµÈµÄ£©Åï×Ó. Dutch cap = diaphragm 4. Dutch elm disease disease that kills elm trees, caused by a fungus ºÉÀ¼ÓÜÊ÷²¡. Dutchman / -mEn; -mEn/ n (pl -men) 1 native of the Netherlands ºÉÀ¼ÈË. 2 (idm Ï°Óï) I'm a Dutchman! (used to express incredulity ÓÃÒÔ±íʾÄÑÒÔÖÃÐÅ): If he's only twenty-five, I'm a Dutchman! Ҫ˵ËûÖ»ÓжþÊ®ÎåËê, ÎҲŲ»ÐÅÄØ! Dutch oven covered container used for cooking meat, etc slowly ºÉÀ¼ìÀ¹ø. duteous / 5dju:tIEs; ?@ 5du:-; `dutIEs/ adj (fml ÎÄ) = dutiful. dutiable / 5dju:tIEbl; ?@ 5du:-; `dutIEbl/ adj on which customs or other duties (duty 3) must be paid Ó¦ÄÉË°µÄ: dutiable goods Ó¦ÄÉË°µÄ»õÎï. dutiful / 5dju:tIfl; ?@ 5du:-; `dutIfEl/ (also duteous) adj (fml ÎÄ) showing respect and obedience; fulfilling all one's obligations ¹§¾´Ë³´ÓµÄ; ¾¡Ö°µÄ: a dutiful son, subject, servant, etc ¹§Ë³µÄ¶ù×Ó¡¢ ˳´ÓµÄ¹úÃñ¡¢ ¾¡Ö°µÄÆÍÈË. dutifully / -fElI; -fElI/ adv: He dutifully followed his commander's instructions. Ëû¹§Ë³µØ·þ´Ó³¤¹ÙµÄÃüÁî. * to serve one's country dutifully ¿Ë¾¡ØÊְΪ¹úЧÁ¦. duty / 5dju:tI; ?@ 5du:tI; `dutI/ n 1 [C, U] moral or legal obligation £¨µÀµÂÉϵĻò·¨ÂÉÉϵģ©ÔðÈÎ, ÒåÎñ: It's your duty to go. ÄãµÃÈ¥, ÄÇÊÇÄãµÄÔðÈÎ. * do one's duty ¾¡Ö° * It's not something I enjoy. I do it purely out of a sense of duty. ÄDz¢²»ÊÇÎÒϲ»¶×öµÄÊÂ, ÎÒ´¿´âÊdzöì¶ÔðÈθвÅ×öµÄ. * I'll have to go, I'm afraid duty calls. ¿´À´ÎÒµÃ×ßÁË--¹«ÎñÔÚÉí. 2 [C, U] task or action that sb must perform £¨Ä³È˱ØÐëÖ´Ðеģ©ÈÎÎñ»òÐж¯: What are the duties of a traffic warden? ½ÖµÀÍ£³µ¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄÖ°ÔðÊÇʲ÷á? * I'm doing night duty this week. Õâ¸öÐÇÆÚÎÒÉÏÒ¹°à. 3 [C, U] ~ (on sth) tax charged on certain goods, esp on imports £¨Ä³Ð©»õÎï, ÓÈÖ¸½ø¿Ú»õÎï½»Äɵģ©Ë°; ¹ØË°: customs/excise duties ¹ØË°[Ïû·ÑË°]. Cf ²Î¿´ tariff 2. 4 (idm Ï°Óï) one's bounden duty => bounden. dereliction of duty => dereliction (derelict). do duty for sth serve as or act as a substitute for sth else ³ä×÷»òµ±×÷ÁíÒ»ÊÂÎïµÄ´úÌæÆ·: An old wooden box did duty for a table. °Ñ¾ÉľÏäµ±×÷×À×Ó. in the line of duty => line1. on/off duty (of nurses, police officers, etc) engaged/not engaged in one's regular work Öµ[²»Öµ]°à; ÉÏ[²»ÉÏ]°à: I arrive at the hospital at eight o'clock, but I don't go on duty until nine. ÎҰ˵ãÖӾ͵½Ò½ÔºÁË, µ«ÊǾŵãÖÓÎÒ²ÅÈ¥Öµ°à. * [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] off-duty activities, hours ÒµÓà»î¶¯¡¢ ʱ¼ä. duty-bound adj [pred ×÷±íÓï] obliged by duty Òå²»ÈÝ´Ç: I'm duty-bound to help him. ¾ÍÎÒÀ´Ëµ, °ïÖúËûÊÇÔðÎÞÅÔ´ûµÄ. duty-free adj, adv (of goods) that can be imported without payment of customs duties £¨Ö¸»õÎÃâ¹ØË°£¨µÄ£©: You're allowed 1 litres of spirits duty-free. Äã¿ÉÃâË°´ø½ø1ÉýÁÒÐÔ¾Æ. * There's a good duty-free shop (ie one selling such goods) on the ferry. ¶É´¬ÉÏÓиöͦ²»´íµÄÃâË°É̵ê. * buy cigarettes duty-free ÂòÃâË°ÏãÑÌ. duvet / 5du:veI; dJ`ve/ n quilt filled with soft feathers, etc, used on a bed instead of a top sheet and blankets ÓðÈÞ±». Cf ²Î¿´ eiderdown. DV / 9di: 5vi:; 9di `vi/ abbr Ëõд = God being willing (Latin Deo volente) ÈçÃÉÉϵ۶÷×¼, ÈçÇé¿öÐí¿É£¨Ô´×ÔÀ­¶¡ÎÄDeo volente£©: He should be back by Friday, DV, ie if nothing prevents him. ËûÈôÒ»ÇÐ˳Àû, ÐÇÆÚÎå¾ÍÓ¦¸Ã»ØÀ´ÁË. dwarf / dwR:f; dwRrf/ n (pl ~s) 1 person, animal or plant that is much smaller than the normal size °«×Ó; ÙªÈå; °«Ð¡µÄ¶¯Îï»òÖ²Îï: [attrib ×÷¶¨Óï] a dwarf conifer °«Ð¡µÄÕëÒ¶Ê÷. 2 (in fairy stories) creature like a very small man with magic powers £¨Éñ»°Öеģ©ÓÐħ·¨µÄС°«ÈË. dwarf v [Tn] 1 make (sb/sth) seem small by contrast or distance ʹ£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]£©Ïà±ÈÖ®ÏÂÏÔµÃС: Our little dinghy was dwarfed by the big yacht. ÎÒÃǵÄС´¬¸ú´óÓÎͧһ±ÈÏԵúÜС. 2 prevent the full growth of (sth); stunt ×è°­£¨Ä³Î³ä·ÖÉú³¤·¢Óý; ×è°­Éú³¤. dwell / dwel; dwZl/ v (pt, pp dwelt/ dwelt; dwZlt/) 1 [Ipr] ~ in, at, etc . . . (arch or rhet ¹Å»òÐÞ´Ç) live as an inhabitant of or reside at (a place) ס; ¾Óס. 2 (phr v) dwell on/upon sth think, speak or write at length about sth ϸÏëijÊÂ; ÏêÊöijÊÂ: Let's not dwell on your past mistakes. ÎÒÃDz»ÒªÔÙϸ˵Äã¹ýÈ¥µÄ´íÎóÁË. dweller n (esp in compound ns ÓÈÓÃÒÔ¹¹³É¸´ºÏÃû´Ê) person or animal living in the place specified סÔÚij´¦µÄÈË»ò¶¯Îï: `town-dwellers * `flat-dwellers * `cave-dwellers. dwelling n (fml ÎÄ) place of residence; house, flat, etc ס´¦; סլ; ¹«Ô¢: (fml or joc ÎÄ»òÚÊ) my humble dwelling º®Éá. `dwelling-house n (esp law ÓÈÓÃ춷¨ÂÉ) house used as a residence, not as a place of work סլ. dwindle / 5dwIndl; `dwIndl/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away) (to nothing) become gradually less or smaller Öð½¥±äÉÙ»ò±äС; ¼õÉÙ; ËõС: dwindling hopes, popularity, profits Öð½¥ÏûʧµÄÏ£Íû¡¢ ÈÕÒæµÍÂäµÄÉùÍû¡¢ ÈÕ½¥¼õÉÙµÄÀûÈó * Their savings have dwindled (away) to nothing. ËûÃǵĴæ¿îÒѼõÉÙµ½·ÖÎIJ»Ê£ÁË. dye / daI; daI/ v (3rd pers sing pres t dyes, pt, pp dyed, pres p dyeing) (a) [Tn, Cn.a] colour (sth), esp by dipping in a liquid Ⱦ£¨Ä³Î£¨ÓÈÖ¸½þ×Õ·¨£©: dye one's hair Ⱦ·¢ * dye a white dress blue ½«°×É«µÄÁ¬ÒÂȹȾ³ÉÀ¶É«. (b) [I] be able to be dyed ÄÜȾÉÏÑÕÉ«: a fabric that dyes well Ò×ȾɫµÄÖ¯Îï. dyer n. dyed-in-the-wool adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï] (usu derog ͨ³£×÷±áÒå) totally fixed in one's ideas, beliefs, etc £¨Ë¼Ïë¡¢ ÐÅÑöµÈ£©¸ùÉîµÙ¹ÌµÄ, Íç¹Ì²»»¯µÄ: a dyed-in-the-wool Marxist ËÀÐÄËúµØµÄÂí¿Ë˼Ö÷ÒåÕß. dye / daI; daI/ n [C, U] 1 substance used for dyeing ȾÁÏ: vegetable dyes Ö²ÎïȾÁÏ * I bought some blue dye yesterday. ÎÒ×òÌìÂòÁËЩÀ¶ÑÕÁÏ. 2 colour given by dyeing. ȾÁÏȾÉϵÄÑÕÉ«. 3 (idm Ï°Óï) of the blackest/deepest dye (dated ¾É) of the worst kind ×µÄ: a villain, scoundrel, traitor, etc of the deepest dye ×ï´ó¶ñ¼«µÄ¶ñ¹÷¡¢ Á÷Ã¥¡¢ ÅÑͽµÈ. dying => die. dyke = dike. dynamic / daI5nAmIk; daI`nAmIk/ adj 1 of power or forces that produce movement ¶¯Á¦µÄ. Cf ²Î¿´ static 2. 2 (of a person) energetic and forceful £¨Ö¸ÈË£©¾«Á¦³äÅæµÄ, ÓÐÁ¦µÄ: a dynamic personality ¾«Á¦³äÅæµÄÈË. dynamic n [sing] force that produces change, action, or effects ²úÉú±ä»¯¡¢ Ðж¯»òÓ°ÏìµÄÁ¦Á¿: the inner dynamic of a historical period, social movement, work of art ijһÀúʷʱÆڵġ¢ Éç»áÔ˶¯µÄ¡¢ ÒÕÊõÆ·µÄÄÚÔÚÁ¦Á¿. dynamically adv. dynamics / daI5nAmIks; daI`nAmIks/ n 1 [sing v] branch of physics dealing with movement and force ¶¯Á¦Ñ§; Á¦Ñ§. 2 [pl] (music Òô) amount of or variation in loudness Á¦¶È; Á¦¶È±ä»¯. dynamism / 5daInEmIzEm; `daInE9mIzEm/ n [U] 1 (in a person) quality of being dynamic £¨È˵ģ©¾«Á¦, »îÁ¦, ¸É¾¢. 2 (philosophy ÕÜ) theory that phenomena are the result of natural forces acting on each other ÎïÁ¦ÂÛ£¨ÈÏΪһÇÐÏÖÏó¶¼ÊÇ×ÔÈ»Á¦Ï໥×÷ÓõĽá¹ûÖ®ÀíÂÛ£©. dynamite / 5daInEmaIt; `daInE9maIt/ n [U] 1 powerful explosive used in mining, etc ´ïÄÉÕ¨Ò©; »ÆÉ«Õ¨Ò©. 2 (fig ±ÈÓ÷) (a) thing likely to cause violent reactions ÄÜÒýÆðÇ¿ÁÒ·´Ó¦µÄÊÂÎï: The abortion issue is political dynamite. ¶éÌ¥ÎÊÌâÔÚÕþÖÎÉÏÊǸö±¬Õ¨ÐÔµÄÎÊÌâ. (b) (infml approv ¿Ú, °ý) strikingly impressive person or thing Á˲»ÆðµÄÈË»òÊÂÎï: Their new album is sheer dynamite. ËûÃÇÕâÌ×гªÆ¬Ò»ÏÂ×Ӻ䶯ÆðÀ´. dynamite v [Tn] blow (sb/sth) up with dynamite Õ¨»Ù£¨Ä³ÈË[ijÎï]£©. dynamo / 5daInEmEU; `daInE9mo/ n (pl ~s) 1 device for converting steam-power, water-power, etc into electricity; generator ·¢µç»ú. =>illus at App 1 ¼û¸½Â¼1Ö®²åͼ, pages xii, xiii. 2 (fig infml ±ÈÓ÷, ¿Ú) intensely energetic person ¾«Á¦³äÅæµÄÈË: a human dynamo ¸É¾¢Ê®×ãµÄÈË. dynasty / 5dInEstI; ?@ 5daI-; `daInEstI/ n 1 series ofrulers all belonging to the same family ³¯´ú; Íõ³¯: the Tudor dynasty ¶¼îìÍõ³¯. 2 period during which a particular dynasty rules ijһÍõ³¯Í³ÖεÄʱÆÚ; ³¯´ú: during the Ming dynasty ÔÚÃ÷³¯. dynastic / dI5nstIk; ?@ daI-; daI`nAstIk/ adj [usu attrib ͨ³£×÷¶¨Óï]: dynastic succession ¸Ä³¯»»´ú. dysentery / 5dIsEntrI; ?@ -terI; `disn9tZrI/ n [U] inflammation of the bowels, causing severe diarrhoea, usu with a discharge of mucus and blood Á¡¼². dyslexia / dIs5leksIE; dIs`lZksIE/ n [U] (medical Ò½) (also word-blindness) abnormal difficulty in reading and spelling, caused by a brain condition ËжÁÀ§ÄÑ. dyslexic / dIs5leksIk; dIs`lZksIk/ n, adj (person) suffering from dyslexia »¼ËжÁÀ§ÄÑÖ¢µÄ£¨ÈË£©. dyspepsia / dIs5pepsIE; ?@ dIs5pepFE; dI`spZpFE/ n [U] (fml ÎÄ) indigestion Ïû»¯²»Á¼. dyspeptic / dIs5peptIk; dI`spZptIk/ adj, n (typical of a) person suffering from dyspepsia or the irritability that it causes Ïû»¯²»Á¼µÄ; Ïû»¯²»Á¼»¼Õß; £¨ÒòÏû»¯²»Á¼ÒýÆðµÄ£©·³Ô꣨µÄ£©, Ò×Å­£¨µÄ£©. dystrophy / 5dIstrEfI; `dIstrEfI/ n [U] (medical Ò½) inherited condition that causes a progressive weakening of the body tissues, esp the muscles ÓªÑøÕÏ°­; ÓªÑø²»Á¼: muscular dystrophy ÒòÓªÑøÕÏ°­Ôì³ÉµÄ¼¡ÈâήËõ.