package DateTime::Calendar::FrenchRevolutionary::Locale::en; use vars qw($VERSION); $VERSION = '0.07'; # same as parent module DT::C::FR my @months_short = qw (Vin Fog Fro Sno Rai Win Bud Flo Mea Rea Hea Fru S-C); # based on Thomas Carlyle's book: my @months = qw(Vintagearious Fogarious Frostarious Snowous Rainous Windous Buddal Floweral Meadowal Reapidor Heatidor Fruitidor); push @months, "additional day"; my @decade_days = qw (Firsday Seconday Thirday Fourday Fifday Sixday Sevenday Eightday Nineday Tenday); my @decade_days_short = qw (Fir Two Thi Fou Fif Six Sev Eig Nin Ten); my @am_pms = qw(AM PM); my %date_formats = ( "short" => "\%d\/\%m\/\%Y", "medium" => "\%a\ \%d\ \%b\ \%Y", "long" => "\%A\ \%d\ \%B\ \%EY", "full" => "\%A\ \%d\ \%B\ \%EY\,\ \%{feast_long\}", ); my %time_formats = ( "short" => "\%H\:\%M", "medium" => "\%H\:\%M\:\%S", "long" => "\%H\:\%M\:\%S", "full" => "\%H\ h\ \%M\ mn \%S\ s", ); my $date_before_time = "1"; my $default_date_format_length = "medium"; my $default_time_format_length = "medium"; my $date_parts_order = "dmy"; # When initializing an array with lists within lists, it means one of two things: # Either it is a newbie who does not know how to make multi-dimensional arrays, # Or it is a (at least mildly) experienced Perl-coder who, for some reason, # wants to initialize a flat array with the concatenation of lists. # I am a (at least mildly) experienced programmer who wants to use qw() and yet insert # comments in some places. # This array is mainly based on http://www.kokogiak.com/frc/default.asp # Used with permission from Alan Taylor my @feast = ( # Vendémiaire qw( grapes saffron sweet_chestnut colchic horse balsam carrot amaranth parsnip vat potato everlasting squash reseda ass ?beauty_of_the_night pumpkin buckwheat sunflower press hemp peach turnip amarillis ox eggplant pepper tomato barley barrel ), # Brumaire qw( apple celery pear beet goose heliotrope fig black_salsify whitebeam plow salsify water_caltrop jerusalem_artichoke endive turkey ?chervis cress plumbago ?grenade harrows ?bacchante ?azerole madder orange pheasant pistachio ?macjonc quince corme roller ), # Frimaire qw( rampion turnips chicory medlar pig mache cauliflower honey juniper pick wax horseradish cedar fir_tree roe-deer gorse cypress ivy savine grub-hoe maple_sugar heather reed sorrel cricket umbrella_pine liege truffle olive shovel ), # Nivôse qw( peat coal bitumen sulphur dog lava topsoil manure saltpeter flail granite clay slate sandstone rabbit flint marl limestone marble horse_carriage ?gypsum salt iron copper cat tin lead zinc mercury sifter ), # Pluviôse qw( wood_laurel moss ?fragon snow-flower bull thyme ?amadouvier mezereon poplar axe hellebore broccoli sweet_laurel cobnut cow boxwood lichen yew lungwort billhook candytuft daphne grass colonial_bentgrass hare woad hazel_tree cyclamen celandine sleigh ), # Ventôse qw( coltsfoot dogwood hoary_stock privet billygoat hazelwort alaternus violet eared_willow spade narcissus elm fumitory hedge_mustard goat spinach leopard's_bane pimpernel chervil line mandrake parsley ?cochléaria daisy tuna_fish dandelion windflower capillary ash dibble ), # Germinal qw( primula plane_tree asparagus tulip hen white_beet birch jonquil alder hatchery periwinkle hornbeam morel beech bee lettuce larch hemlock radish hive redbud roman_lettuce chestnut_tree rocket pigeon lilac anemone pansy bilberry transplant_tool ), # Floréal qw( rose oak fern hawthorn nightingale culverwort lily_of_the_valley mushroom hyacinth rake rhubarb sainfoin ?gold_bar chamerops silkworm consound burnet ?gold_basket orache hoe statice fritillary borage valerian carp spindletree chive ?buglosse ?sénevé shepherd_staff ), # Prairial qw( alfalfa day-lily clover angelic duck balm wheat martagon wild_thyme scythe strawberry betony pea acacia quail carnation elder_tree poppy lime pitchfork barbel chamomile honeysuckle curds tench jasmine vervain thyme peony carriage ), # Messidor qw( rye oats onion speedwell mule rosemary cucumber shallot wormwood sickle coriander artichoke clove lavender chamois tobacco currant woodpea cherry park mint cumin bean ?orcanète guinea_hen sage garlic tare corn chalemy ), # Thermidor qw( german_wheat ?soup_stock melon ryegrass ram horsetail wormwood carthame blackberry watering_can parsnip ?salicorne apricot basil ewe marshmallow flax almond gentian waterlock carline caper lentil horseheal otter myrtle oil-seed_rape lupin cotton mill ), # Fructidor qw( plum millet ?lycoperdon barley salmon tuberose sucrion ?apocyn liquorice stepladder watermelon fennel barberry nut trout lemon teasel buckthorn ?tagette ?basket wild_rose hazelnut hops sorghum crayfish bitter_orange goldenrod corn chestnut basket ), # Jours complémentaires qw( virtue engineering labour opinion rewards revolution )); my %event = (); sub new { return bless {}, $_[0]; } sub month_name { my ($self, $date) = @_; return $months[$date->month_0] } sub month_abbreviation { my ($self, $date) = @_; return $months_short[$date->month_0] } sub day_name { my ($self, $date) = @_; return $decade_days[$date->day_of_decade_0]; } sub day_abbreviation { my ($self, $date) = @_; return $decade_days_short[$date->day_of_decade_0]; } sub am_pm { $_[0]->am_pms-> [ $_[1]->hour < 5 ? 0 : 1 ] } sub _raw_feast { my ($self, $date) = @_; $feast[$date->day_of_year_0]; } sub feast_short { my ($self, $date) = @_; my $lb = $feast[$date->day_of_year_0]; $lb =~ s/^\?//; $lb =~ s/_/ /g; return substr($lb, 1); } sub feast_long { my ($self, $date) = @_; my $lb = $feast[$date->day_of_year_0] . " day"; $lb =~ s/^\?//; $lb =~ s/_/ /g; return $lb; } sub feast_caps { my ($self, $date) = @_; my $lb = $feast[$date->day_of_year_0] . " Day"; $lb =~ s/^\?//; $lb =~ s/_/ /g; return ucfirst($lb); } sub full_date_format { $_[0]->date_formats->{full} } sub long_date_format { $_[0]->date_formats->{long} } sub medium_date_format { $_[0]->date_formats->{medium} } sub short_date_format { $_[0]->date_formats->{short} } sub default_date_format { $_[0]->date_formats->{ $_[0]->{default_date_format_length} } } sub full_time_format { $_[0]->time_formats->{full} } sub long_time_format { $_[0]->time_formats->{long} } sub medium_time_format { $_[0]->time_formats->{medium} } sub short_time_format { $_[0]->time_formats->{short} } sub default_time_format { $_[0]->time_formats->{ $_[0]->{default_time_format_length} } } sub _datetime_format_pattern_order { $_[0]->date_before_time ? (0, 1) : (1, 0) } sub full_datetime_format { join ' ', ( $_[0]->full_date_format, $_[0]->full_time_format )[ $_[0]->_datetime_format_pattern_order ] } sub long_datetime_format { join ' ', ( $_[0]->long_date_format, $_[0]->long_time_format )[ $_[0]->_datetime_format_pattern_order ] } sub medium_datetime_format { join ' ', ( $_[0]->medium_date_format, $_[0]->medium_time_format )[ $_[0]->_datetime_format_pattern_order ] } sub short_datetime_format { join ' ', ( $_[0]->short_date_format, $_[0]->short_time_format )[ $_[0]->_datetime_format_pattern_order ] } sub default_datetime_format { join ' ', ( $_[0]->default_date_format, $_[0]->default_time_format )[ $_[0]->_datetime_format_pattern_order ] } sub default_date_format_length { $_[0]->{default_date_format_length} } sub default_time_format_length { $_[0]->{default_time_format_length} } sub month_names { [ @months ] } sub month_abbreviations { [ @months_short ] } sub day_names { [ @decade_days ] } sub day_abbreviations { [ @decade_days_short ] } sub am_pms { [ @am_pms ] } sub date_formats { \%date_formats } sub time_formats { \%time_formats } sub date_before_time { $date_before_time } sub _default_date_format_length { $default_date_format_length } sub _default_time_format_length { $default_time_format_length } sub date_parts_order { $date_parts_order } sub on_date { my ($self, $date) = @_; _load_events() unless %event; $event{$date->strftime('%m%d')} || ""; } sub _load_events { %event = ('dummy', split /(\d{4})\n/, <<'EVENTS'); 0101 1 Vendémiaire I. The French troops enter Savoie 1 Vendémiaire III. The posts in the woods of Aachen and Reckem are taken by the Army of North. 0102 2 Vendémiaire I. Conquest of Chambéry 2 Vendémiaire III. The Costouge redoubt and camp are taken by the Army of Eastern Pyrenees. 2 Vendémiaire V. The Army of Italy routs the enemy at Governolo. 0103 3 Vendémiaire IV. Affair of Garesio. 0104 4 Vendémiaire II. The Army of Alps takes the Chatillon fieldworks; Piemontese rout across the Giffe river. 0105 5 Vendémiaire III. The Spanish are defeated in Olia and Monteilla by the Army of Eastern Pyrenees. 0106 6 Vendémiaire III. Surrender at Crevecoeur to the Army of the North. 6 Vendémiaire III. Kayserlautern, Alsborn and other surrounding posts are taken again by the Army of the Rhine. 6 Vendémiaire V. The enemy attacks the Army of Sambre and Meuse at Wurstatt, Nider-Ulm, Ober and Nider-Ingelheim; the attack is repulsed. 0107 7 Vendémiaire I. Anselme's troops conquer the city of Nice and the Montalban fortress. 7 Vendémiaire II. The Army of Alps (Verdelin) defeats the enemy in the Sallanges defiles and takes the Saint-Martin redoubt. 0108 8 Vendémiaire V. 150 men from the Army of Italy sortie from Mantoue to forage. They must surrender to the people of Reggio. 0109 9 Vendémiaire I. Custines' French conquer Spire. 9 Vendémiaire II. The Army of Alps takes the fieldworks at Mont-Cormet, previously held by Piemontese. 0111 11 Vendémiaire II. Prisy's troops (Army of Alps) take the Valmeyer outpost after a bayonet charge, Saint-André's and Chamberlhac's troops take the Beaufort post, General-in-Chief Kellerman's troops take Moutiers and the Saint-Maurice town and Ledoyen's troops storm the Madeleine pass post. 11 Vendémiaire III. Battle of Aldenhoven, the Army of Sambre and Meuse routs the coalised troops. 11 Vendémiaire V. The Army of Rhine and Moselle attacks on the whole front and routs the enemy. 0112 12 Vendémiaire II. The Spanish troops are repulsed back in their camps in the Boulon and Argelès by the Army of Eastern Pyrenees. 12 Vendémiaire III. The land of Juliers surrenders to the Army of Sambre and Meuse. 0113 13 Vendémiaire I. The Austrians must leave Worms and Custines' troops enter the city. 13 Vendémiaire II Army of Eastern Pyrenees: Dagobert's troops take Campredon while the Colioure garrison fights and routs the Spanish cavalry. 13 Vendémiaire II Army of Western Pyrenees. Attacks and capture of the Arau and Aure valley posts. 13 Vendémiaire IV. Bonaparte suppresses a royalist demonstration at the Saint-Roch church in Paris 0115 15 Vendémiaire III. Cologne surrenders to the Army of Sambre and Meuse. 0116 16 Vendémiaire V. The enemy, blockaded in Mantoue by the Army of Italy attempt a 4,600-troop sortie but fails. 0117 17 Vendémiaire I. The Austrians call off the siege of Lille. 17 Vendémiaire III. Fight for and capture of Frankenthal by the Army of the Rhine. 0118 18 Vendémiaire II. Bombardment of Lyon, which opens her gates to Dubois-de-Crancé's troops. 18 Vendémiaire III. Capture of Shelaudenbach and Vollfstein by the Army of the Rhine which links with the Army of Moselle in Lautreck. 0119 19 Vendémiaire III. Before Maestricht, the Army of Sambre and Meuse takes back the Mont-Saint-Pierre castle. 0120 20 Vendémiaire III. The Army of Moselle marches on Birkenfeldt, Oberstein, Kirn and Meisenheim. 0121 21 Vendémiaire III. The Army of the North enters in Bois-le-Duc. 0122 22 Vendémiaire I. Kellerman forces the Prussians to leave the city of Verdun. He enters Verdun and continues his march to the Prussians. 0123 23 Vendémiaire III. The Army of the Rhine takes Otterberg, Rockenhausen, Landsberg, Alzein and Oberhausen. 0124 24 Vendémiaire II. The Army of Moselle fights and routs the Coalised who had advanced on Bitche and Rorbach. 24 Vendémiaire III. Fight for and capture of Gellheim and Grunstad by the Army of the Rhine; the French capture also Frankenthal. 0125 25 Vendémiaire II. Combat near Sarreguemines; the Army of Moselle repulses the enemy. 25 Vendémiaire II. Queen Marie-Antoinette is beheaded. 0126 26 Vendémiaire I. The Austrians attack Hasnon and fail several times. 26 Vendémiaire II. Victory of Wattignies near Maubeuge against the Austrians and end of the blockade of Maubeuge. 26 Vendémiaire III The Army of Western Pyrenees takes Iraty, Egay and Orbaycette. 26 Vendémiaire III Army of Moselle. General-in-chief Moreau's troops take Creutznach and Custines' troops take Worms. 26 Vendémiaire VI Army of Italy. Peace treaty in Campo-Formio near Udine between Bonaparte and the Austrians. 26 Vendémiaire VI. Congress in Rastadt to conclude peace between the French Republic and the German Empire. 0127 27 Vendémiaire II Army of Italy. 600 republican troops repulse 4,000 Austrians, Croats and Piemontese. 27 Vendémiaire III The Army of Western Pyrenees defeats 7,000 Spaniards near Buruet and Almandos. 27 Vendémiaire III The Army of the Rhine routs the enemy near Kircheim and Worms and captures both cities. 0128 28 Vendémiaire II The Army of Italy achieves a complete victory at Gilette over the Piemontese. 28 Vendémiaire III The Army of the North defeats the enemy near Nimegen and destroys the legion of Rohan. 28 Vendémiaire V The Army of the Rhin and Moselle is attacked in Retzengen and Simonswald. 0129 29 Vendémiaire I The French Army forces the Austrians to leave Mayence. 29 Vendémiaire III The Armée of Moselle enters Bingen. 29 Vendémiaire V. The Army of Italy, debarking in Corsica, captures Bastia, Saint-Florent and Bonifacio. 29 Vendémiaire XIV Battle of Trafalgar. 0130 30 Vendémiaire II. The Army of Western Pyrenees routs three Spanish columns after a five-hour firefight. 30 Vendémiaire V Army of Sambre and Meuse. Enemy crossing of the Rhine at Bacharach and Andernach and failed attack of the Neuwied bridgehead. 0201 1 Brumaire I Longwi taken back, the Prussians evacuate the French territory. 1 Brumaire II Army of Eastern Pyrenees. Advantage over the Spanish Army in the valley of Baigory. 1 Brumaire II Army of the North. The posts of Warneton, Comines, Werwick, Ronek, Alluin, Menin, Furnes and Poperingues are taken. 1 Brumaire II Army of the Rhine. Alzey and Oppenheim captured. 0202 2 Brumaire II Army of Italy. 5000 enemies defeated in Utel. 2 Brumaire II Army of the Rhine. The Austrians attack the post of Breitenstein and are repulsed. 2 Brumaire III Army of Sambre and Meuse. Coblentz taken, the enemy crosses the Rhine and flees. 2 Brumaire III Army of Eastern Pyrenees. Fighting in Bhaga, the Spaniards are repulsed. 2 Brumaire III Army of Eastern Pyrenees. The outposts of Dori and Tozas and the fieldworks in Casteillan are taken. 0203 3 Brumaire V Peace treaty signed between the French Republic and the King of Naples and the Two-Sicilies. 0204 4 Brumaire IV Beginning of the Directorate. 4 Brumaire VI Army of Italy. Treaty of alliance between the French Republic and the King of Sardinia. 0205 5 Brumaire III Army of the North. Hultz, Axel and Sas-de-Gand taken. 5 Brumaire V Army of Sambre and Meuse. Attack and capture of Saint Wendel, Kayserslautern, Kirchenpoland, Bingen and the Saint-Roch mountain. 5 Brumaire V Army of the Rhine and Moselle. Crossing of the Rhine by the French, capture of the Khel fort. 0207 7 Brumaire V Army of Italy. An enemy sortie from Mantoue is repulsed. 0208 8 Brumaire III Army of the North. Capture of Venlo. 0209 9 Brumaire II Army of Eastern Pyrenees. A battery before Ville longue is taken by a bayonet charge. 0211 11 Brumaire III Army of Eastern Pyrenees. The Spaniards are routed on the reverse slope of the montagne Noire. 0212 12 Brumaire I The Austrians must evacuate the small town Lanoy, their last post on the French territory. 12 Brumaire III Army of Moselle. The French enter Rheinfels, evacuated by 1200 enemies. 12 Brumaire V Army of Italy. Capture of the Saint-Michel village. The French burn the bridges on the Adige. The enemy turns to Lavis, where it is beaten and repulsed to the Segonzano village. 0214 14 Brumaire V Army of Sambre and Meuse. Capture of Maestricht. 0215 15 Brumaire V Army of Italy. The enemy attacks across Brenta and crosses back after a murderous fight. 0216 16 Brumaire I. Battle of Gemmapes. Following this victory, the French enter Mons. 16 Brumaire III Army of the North. The fort of Schenk is taken. 0217 17 Brumaire III Army of the North. The sortie of the Berg-op-zomm garrison is repulsed by a French bayonet charge. 0218 18 Brumaire I. The French capture Tournay. 18 Brumaire III Army of the North. Triumphant entry of the French into Nimègue. 18 Brumaire VIII. Bonaparte's coup: end of Directorate, beginning of Consulate 0219 19 Brumaire IV Army of the North. Burick taken. 0220 20 Brumaire IV Army of Sambre and Meuse. Fight near Creutzenach, during which the enemy must cross back the Nahe river. 0221 21 Brumaire V Army of Italy. Meeting engagement on the Adige river, between Saint-Michel and Saint-Martin, the enemy is repulsed. 0222 22 Brumaire I Army of the North. The city of Gand open her gates to the French army. 22 Brumaire I. Charleroy taken by the French. 22 Brumaire III Army of the Rhine. Monbach and neighbour posts taken, capture of Weissenau. 0223 23 Brumaire I. Battle of Anderlecht near Bruxelles. The French army enters in Brussels. 0224 24 Brumaire I. Capture of Frankfurt. 24 Brumaire II Army of the West. The Vendean rebels are defeated before the walls of Granville. 0225 25 Brumaire V Army of Italy. 3-day battle of Arcole. The Arcole village is taken on 27. 0226 26 Brumaire I. The French control the town and harbour of Ostende, evacuated by the Austrians. 26 Brumaire I. Saint-Remi captured. 26 Brumaire I. The town of Malines capitulates. 26 Brumaire II Army of the Rhine. The army launches a surprise attack and captures three enemy posts near Strasburg. 26 Brumaire II The siege of Granville is lifted. 26 Brumaire IV Fight of the di Pietri field. 0227 27 Brumaire II Army of Moselle. 4,000 Austrians defeated before Bitche. The Austrians near Lebach are utterly routed. Bising and Blise-Castel captured. 27 Brumaire III Army of Eastern Pyrenees. General-in-chief Dugommier is killed by a shell in the skirmish of St. Sebastien de la Mouga. 27 Brumaire III Army of Eastern Pyrenees. Victorious battle against the Spaniards at Saint-Sebastien. 0228 28 Brumaire I The cities of Ypres, Furnes and Bruges are captured. The French enter Anvers. 28 Brumaire II Army of the Rhine. The Neuviller post and four other are taken. A big redoubt and 7 guns are captured near Wantzenau. 28 Brumaire V Peace treaty signed between the French Republic and the Duke of Parme. 0229 29 Brumaire II The Army of the Rhine captures two redoubts near Bouxweiller. 0230 30 Brumaire II Army of Eastern Pyrenees. Victorious battle at Escola, Liers, Vilartoly, against 50,000 Spanish troops. 30 Brumaire II Army of Moselle. 1200 infantry and 300 cavalry defeated near Blascheidt, and Lorentsweiller. 0301 1 Frimaire I Army of Ardennes. Namur captured by the French. 1 Frimaire III Army of the Moselle. More than 400 enemies defeated in the forest of Grunnevald, near Luxemburg. 1 Frimaire V Army of Italy. The enemy is repetively attacked and repulsed from Castel-Nobo to Rivoli, la Corona, and along the Adige river until Dolce. 0302 2 Frimaire I Army of the Rhine. 5,000 French rout the whole enemy army before Tirlemont. 2 Frimaire II Army of the Rhine. Capture by the French of the Bouxweiller, Brumpt and Haguenau posts. 2 Frimaire IV Army of Italy. Battle of Loano, the Austro-Sards rout. Capture of la Pietra, Loano, Finale, Vado and Savonne. 2 Frimaire V Army of the Rhine And Moselle. The Kehl garrison sorties. The enemy line is pushed through without a single shot. Part of its artillery is spiked. 0303 3 Frimaire IV Army of Italy. Fight at Intrapa and Garesio. 3 Frimaire V. Sortie by the garrison of Mantoue, which is repulsed. 0304 4 Frimaire II Army of Italy. 800 Piemontese defeated by 500 French at Castel-Genest and Brec, capture of Figaretto. 4 Frimaire III Army of Western Pyrenees. Victory in Ostés. 0306 6 Frimaire IV Army of Italy. Fights in Spinardo and other places. 0307 7 Frimaire I Army of the Rhine. The city of Liege is taken. 7 Frimaire III Army of Eastern Pyrenees. Capture of the Figuières fortress. 0308 8 Frimaire III Army of Eastern Pyrenees. Battle won against the Spaniards at Begara, Ascuatia and Aspetia. 0310 10 Frimaire I Army of the North. Capitulation of the Anvers citadel. 10 Frimaire II Army of the North. Attack of all the enemy posts on the Lys. 10 Frimaire IV Army of Sambre and Meuse. Attack and capture of Creutzenach. 0311 11 Frimaire I Army of Ardennes. Capitulation of the Namur citadel. 11 Frimaire II Army of the Rhine. The redoubt of the Landgraben bridge and the fieldworks at Gambsheim are taken. 11 Frimaire III Army of the Rhine And Moselle. The redoubt known as "Merlin redoubt" before Mayence is taken. 11 Frimaire V. The enemy, arrayed in three columns, attacks the bridghead at Huningue and takes a fortification but is repulsed. 11 Frimaire XIII. Napoleon the First is crowned Emperor of the French 11 Frimaire XIV. Battle of Austerlitz: the French army crushes the Austro-Russian army 0312 12 Frimaire II Army of Ardennes. Strong sortie of the Givet garrison, which inflicts many enemy casualties while losing only 5 to 6 troops, between Falmagne and Falmignoule. 12 Frimaire II Army of the Rhine. Fight near the Gambshein wood. 12 Frimaire VIII Battle of Hohenlinden. 0314 14 Frimaire II Army of the Rhine. The enemy, expelled from the Oppendorff village, is pursued until Druzenheim. 14 Frimaire III Army of the Moselle. The Republic's troops storm the Salbach redoubts. 0319 19 Frimaire II Army of the Rhine. The Dawendorff highgrounds are captured. 0321 21 Frimaire I Army of the North. Capture of Wezem, Wert and Ruremonde. 0322 22 Frimaire II Army of the West. Victory against the Vendean rebels near Le Mans. 0323 23 Frimaire II Army of Western Pyrenees. The Spanish troops are routed near Saint-Jean-de-Luz; they must cross the Bidassoa. 0324 24 Frimaire I. The French troops take the towns of Mertzicq, Fredembourg and Saarbruck. 0325 25 Frimaire II Army of the Moselle. Three divisions take the highgrounds of Marsal, Dahubruck and Lambach. 25 Frimaire II Army of Italy. The French troops take the fieldworks and redoubts that were defending Toulon. 0326 26 Frimaire I. Capture of Consarbruck. 26 Frimaire II Army of Italy. Toulon conquered, the English and Spanish troops flee. 26 Frimaire IV Army of Sambre and Meuse. Fight on the whole Hundstruck line; the enemy is beaten everywhere. 0327 27 Frimaire II Army of Ardennes. Fight near Philippeville, in the Jamaica wood, the Austrians are repulsed. 0329 29 Frimaire II Army of Eastern Pyrenees. Capture or the highgrounds near Villelongue. 0402 2 Nivôse II Army of the Rhine and Moselle. The enemy defeated at Werd. 0403 3 Nivôse II Army of the Rhine and Moselle. All fieldworks at Bischweiller, Druzenheim and Haguenau are taken. 0405 5 Nivôse II Army of the Rhine and Moselle. The enemy is routed at Oberseebach. Capture of the castle of Geisberg. 0406 Army of the Rhine and Moselle. The enemy is forced to evacuate the lines of Lauter and Weissembourg and to lift the blockade of Landau. 0407 7 Nivôse II Army of the Rhine. The French capture the posts at Germersheim and Spire. 0408 8 Nivôse III Army of the North. Crossing of the Vaal, capture of Bommel and the Saint-André fort, surrender of Grave. 0413 13 Nivôse I Army of the North. Elements of the French vanguard enter the region of Luxembourg and grab the Emperor's warchest. 0414 14 Nivôse II Army of the West. The island of Noirmoutiers is taken from the Vendean rebels. 0417 17 Nivôse II Army of the Rhine and Moselle. Worms captured. 17 Nivôse III Army of Western Pyrenees. Trinité fort captured. 0420 20 Nivôse VI Army of Italy. Two French columns converge on Rome to avenge the death of general Duphot and the insult to the ambassador of the French Republic. Popular uprising and overthrow of the papal government. 0422 22 Nivôse III Army of the North. Capture of Thiel and six forts. 0423 23 Nivôse II Army of Western Pyrenees. 400 Republican troops storm the "poste de la Montagne" of Louis XIV. 23 Nivôse V Army of Italy. Fight of Saint-Michel before Verona. The enemy attacks the Montebaldo line and is repulsed. 0424 24 Nivôse III Army of the North. Capture of Heusdin. 0425 25 Nivôse V Army of Italy. Battle of Rivoli, the enemy is completely routed. 0426 26 Nivôse V Army of Italy. 10 000 enemy troops cross at Anghiari. 26 Nivôse V Army of Italy. General Provera, leading 6 000 troops, attacks the Saint-George suburb of Mantoue to no effect. 0427 27 Nivôse II Army of the Rhine and Moselle. The enemies sortie from the Vauban fort but they are repulsed. 27 Nivôse V Battle of the Favorite (suburb of Mantoue), Wurmser sorties from Mantoue and fails, and Provera must capitulate. 0428 28 Nivôse III Army of the North. Capture of Utrecht, Amersford and the Greb lines, crossing of the Lech. 0429 29 Nivôse II Army of the Rhine. The coalized evacuate completely the Lower-Rhine department. The Vauban fort is taken back. 29 Nivôse III Army of the North. Capture of Gertuydemberg. 0502 2 Pluviôse I Louis XVI is beheaded. 2 Pluviôse II Army of Western Pyrenees. 200 French storm the Harriette redoubt near Ispeguy. 2 Pluviôse III Army of the North. The towns of Gorcum, Dordrecht and Amsterdam surrender to the French. 0504 4 Pluviôse II Army of Var. The English leave the Hyeres islands. 0507 7 Pluviôse V Army of Italy. The enemy, repulsed beyond the Brenta, is reached at Carpenedelo, and forced to retreat. 0508 8 Pluviôse V Army of Italy. The enemy, pursued in the Tyrol gorges, is reached at Avio. 0509 9 Pluviôse V Army of Italy. General Murat lands in Torgole and repulses the enemy; General Vial outflank them. The French enter in Roveredo and Trente. 9 Pluviôse VI Army of Italy. Capture of the town of Ancône, by the French army, which continues toward Rome through Maurata. 0510 10 Pluviôse V Army of the Rhine and Moselle. The Republican army sorties from the Huningue brigdgehead and repulses the enemy. 0513 13 Pluviôse I The French Republic declares war on the King of England and the Stathouder of Holland. 13 Pluviôse VI Army of Italy. A column of the Army of Italy crosses the Geneva region and establishes its headquarters in Ferney-Voltaire. 0514 14 Pluviôse V Army of Italy. The French attack the remnants of the Austrian army behind the Lavis and repulse them. The French enter Jmola, Faenza and Forli. Capitulation of Mantoue. 0515 15 Pluviôse III Army of Western Pyrenees. Capture of Roses, after a 27-day siege. Army of the North. Conquest of Holland: all the fortresses and warships are controlled by the French. The French troops enter Midelbourg and Flesingue. 0517 17 Pluviôse III Army of Western Pyrenees. Complete Spanish rout at Sare and Berra. 15,000 Spanish are vanquished and routed at Urrugne and Chauvin-Dragon. 0518 18 Pluviôse V Army of Italy. The enemy outposts are repulsed on the Adige right bank. Derunbano captured. 0521 21 Pluviôse V Army of Italy. The Pope's troops, on the highground before Ancona, are surrounded and taken prisoners without a single shot. Ancona captured. 21 Pluviôse VI Army of Italy. The French troops continue their advance on Rome. 0522 22 Pluviôse V Army of Italy. Capture of Lorette. 0527 27 Pluviôse VI Army of Italy. The French enter in Rome. General Berthier proclaims the Roman Republic. 0601 1 Ventôse II Army of the Rhine. The French capture the Ogersheim post. 1 Ventôse V Army of Italy. Treaty of peace with the Pope, signed in Tolentino. 0604 4 Ventôse V Army of Italy. The Treviso post is taken back. 0605 5 Ventôse V Army of Italy. The enemy is repulsed out of its fieldworks in Foi. Then the French encounter a Tyrolian Jäger corps and defeat them. The French, attacked in Bidole, smash the enemy. Kellerman crosses the Piave in San-Mamma, and routs some enemy hussards who were defending the crossing. 0607 7 Ventôse X. Birth of Victor Hugo 0611 11 Ventôse III Army of Eastern Pyrenees. Bezalu captured. 0612 12 Ventôse V Army of Italy. The French attack the enemy at Monte di-Savaro and beat him. 0615 15 Ventôse VI Army of Helvetia. Capitulation of the city of Berne. 0616 16 Ventôse II Army of Ardennes. Fight near Soumoy and Cerffontaine; the enemy is defeated. 0617 17 Ventôse I. War is declared on the King of Spain. 0618 18 Ventôse II Army of the Moselle. Three Austrian battalions are defeated on the Joegerthal highground. 0620 20 Ventôse V Army of Italy. A French division goes to Feltre; as it nears the town, the enemy evacuates the Cordevoie line and goes to Bellurn. 0622 22 Ventôse V Army of Italy. The 21th Light crosses the Piava opposite to the Vidor village and repulses the enemy. 0623 23 Ventôse V Army of Italy. Fight in Sacile. Fight in Bellurn, in which the enemy rearguard is surrounded and taken prisoner. 23 Ventôse VI. After five murderous fights, the Swiss evacuate Morat. 0626 26 Ventôse V Army of Italy. Crossing of the Tagliamento, despite a superior enemy force and a deliberate resistance. The Gradisca village is taken. 0627 27 Ventôse VI Treaty of alliance and trade between the French and Cisalpin Republics. 0628 28 Ventôse V Army of Italy. Capture of Palma Nova, which the enemy must evacuate. 0629 29 Ventôse V Army of Italy. Capture of the town of Gradisca. Crossing of the Casasola bridge. 29 Ventôse XII The Duke of Enghien is executed. 0630 30 Ventôse V Army of Italy. Fight of Lavis. The enemy troops are surrounded by the French. 0701 1 Germinal V Army of Italy. The French enter Goritz. Affair of Caminia, between the French vanguard and the enemy rearguard. 0702 2 Germinal IV Army of Italy. Fights at Tramin and at Caporetto. 0703 3 Germinal V Army of Italy. Fight at Clausen. The enemy, beaten in Botzen, withdraws inside Clausen, where it is attacked by the French and forced to yield. 0704 4 Germinal V Army of Eastern Pyrenees. The French enter Trieste and take the famous mines of Ydria. 0705 5 Germinal II Army of the Moselle. The French prevail against the Prussians who attack the outposts of Apach, north of Sierck. 5 Germinal V Army of Italy. Fight at Tarvis; after a fierce resistance, the enemy is routed. 0706 6 Germinal V Army of Italy. Affair of the Chinse; this important position is taken. 0708 8 Germinal V Army of Italy. Enemy battalions, fresh from the Rhine front, attempt to defend the Innsbruck defile; they are repulsed by the 85th half-brigade. 0709 9 Germinal V Army of Italy. The French enter the town of Clagenfurth, capital of Higher and Lower Carinthie; Prince Charles flees with the remnants of his army. 0712 12 Germinal V Army of Italy. Fight in the gorges of Neumarck; the enemy rearguard is repulsed by the French vanguard and the French enter Neumarck and Freissels. 0714 14 Germinal II Army of Western Pyrenees. The French storm the Ozone fieldworks, near Saint-Jean de Luz and rout the Spanish troops. 14 Germinal V Army of Italy. The Austrians, beaten everywhere, evacuate Tyrol. Prince Charles retreat toward Vienna and is beaten by the Massena division. 0715 15 Germinal V Army of Italy. Fight at Hundsmarck; the enemy rearguard is defeated by the French vanguard. The French enter Hundsmark, Kiotenfeld, Mureau and Judembourg. 0716 16 Germinal IV Army of Italy. Military reconnaissance toward Cairo; the enemy posts are repulsed. 0717 17 Germinal II Army of Western Pyrenees. Spanish defeat near Hendaye. Army of Italy. Capture of the Fougasse camp. 17 Germinal II Execution of Georges Danton, Camille Desmoulins and Fabre d'Églantine. 0718 18 Germinal II Army of Italy. Capture of all the posts near Breglio, in the county of Nice. 18 Germinal V Five-day halt of the fighting between the French army and the Imperial army in Italy. 0719 19 Germinal II Army of Italy. Capture of Oneille. 0720 20 Germinal IV Army of Italy. Affair of Voltry. 0721 21 Germinal II Army of Eastern Pyrenees. Spanish defeat at Monteilla; Urgel captured. Army of Ardennes. A small detachment from Philippeville prevails and repulses the enemy from the woods between Villiers and Florence, and routs it. 21 Germinal IV Army of Italy. Attack of the Montelezimo redoubt, defended by the French; the enemy is repulsed. 0722 22 Germinal VI Army of Mayence. Blockade of the Ehreinbrestein fort. 0723 23 Germinal IV Army of Italy. Battle of Montenotte; the enemy is completely routed. 0725 25 Germinal III Peace treaty between the French Republic and the King of Prussia. 25 Germinal IV Army of Italy. Capture of Cossaria. 0726 26 Germinal II Army of the Moselle. Fight on the highgrounds of Tiperdange. 26 Germinal IV Army of Italy. Battle of Millesimo, won against the Austro-Sards. Fight at Dego, the enemy is routed. Fight and capture of Saint-Jean, if the valley of Barmida. Capture of Batisolo, Bagnosco and Pontenocetto. Capture of the Montezemo redoubts. 0727 27 Germinal II Army of the Moselle. The French occupy the highground of Mertzig, the enemy having been repulsed. Army of Italy. Fifteen hundred Austrians defeated at Ponte-di-Nava. 27 Germinal IV Army of Italy. Capture of the fortified camp of Cera. 0728 28 Germinal II Army of Italy. Capture of Ormea. 0729 29 Germinal II Army of the Moselle. Battle of Arlon; the town is taken and the enemy is completely routed. 0802 2 Floréal I Army of Western Pyrenees. Skirmish in Jurgazza Mondi. 0803 3 Floréal II Army of the Ardennes. Complete rout of the enemy at Aussoy, near Philippeville, after a 12-hour fight. 3 Floréal IV Army of Italy. Fight and conquest of the town of Mondovi. 0804 4 Floréal II Army of the Rhine. Victory near Kurweiller. 0805 5 Floréal I Army of Eastern Pyrenees. Skirmish in Samouragaldi, during which 200 French troops defeat 400 Spanish troops. Bombardment of Fontarabie. 5 Floréal II Army of the Alps. All the redoubts in Mount Valaisan and Mount Saint-Bernard are stormed. 5 Floréal IV Army of Italy. The French troops enter the town of Bêne. 0806 6 Floréal IV Army of Italy. Capture of Fossano, Cherasco and Alba. 0807 7 Floréal II Army of Western Pyrenees. The Spanish and Emigrate troops are repulsed from Arnéguy and Irameaca. Army of the Ardennes. Victory after a hard-fought 4-hour fight. The Bossu high-grounds are stormed. The Army of Ardennes and the Army of the North enter Beaumont and link with each other. Army of the North. Capture of Courtray, after a general battle on the whole front, from Dunkirk to Givet. Army of Eastern Pyrenees. The French troops capture the rock of Arrola. 4000 Spanish infantry troops and 10 Spanish cavalry squadrons rout at Roqueluche. 7 Floréal VI Birth of Eugène Delacroix 0808 8 Floréal II Army of Eastern Pyrenees. 3000 French troops repulse 10000 enemy troops from the village of Oms. They take the defile and the bridge of Ceret. 0809 9 Floréal IV Army of Italy. Armistice signed with the king of Sardinia. 0810 10 Floréal II Army of the North. Victory at Mont-Castel over 20,000 Austrians. Capture of Menin and much artillery. Army of Italy. Victory over the Piemontese and capture of Saorgio. 10 Floréal IV The French troops enter the cities of Ceva and Coni. 10 Floréal V Treaty of peace between the French Republic and the Pope. 0811 11 Floréal II Army of Eastern Pyrenees. Victorious battle against Spanish troops, at Albères; storming of the famous Montesquiou redoubt. 11 Floréal V Army of Italy. Peace preliminaries between the French Republic and the Austrian Emperor, signed at Leoben by general Buonaparte and the Emperor's plenipotentiaries. 0812 12 Floréal II Army of the Rhine. Capture of Lambsheim and Franckental by the French; the gates of the latter town are destroyed by cannon-fire. 0815 15 Floréal II Army of Eastern Pyrenees. The French occupy the high-grounds of cap de Bearn and of the land of Las-Daines. The siege of Collioure begins. 15 Floréal III Army of Eastern Pyrenees. The Spanish troops attack the Cistella camp but are beaten and repulsed. 0816 16 Floréal IV Army of Italy. The French enter the town of Tortonne. 0817 17 Floréal III Army of Eastern Pyrenees. General reconnaissance by the French on the Crespia and Bascara highgrounds and on the Fluvia. 0818 18 Floréal IV Army of Italy. Reconnaissance on the Po bank, toward Plaisance. 0819 19 Floréal II Lavoisier is guillotined. 19 Floréal IV Army of Italy. The Republican vanguard crosses the Po. Fight in Fombio. 0820 20 Floréal II Army of the Alps. The Mirabouck fort is taken, after a 14-hour attack. The Villeneuve-des-Prats post is captured. Capture of the Maupertuis redoubt. 20 Floréal III Army of Eastern Pyrenees. Attack of the camp of the Musquirachu montain; the enemy flees and discards its camp, already set-up. 20 Floréal IV Army of Italy. Near Cordogno, the Austrians attack the Laharpe division, and are strongly repulsed by the Republican troops which take Casale. Armistice concluded with the Duke of Parma. 0821 21 Floréal II Army of the Ardennes. Capture of Thuin by the French troops. 21 Floréal IV Army of Italy. Battle of Lody: crossing of the bridge defended by Beaulieu's complete army. 0822 22 Floréal II Army of the North. The enemy is defeated before Tournay. 7-hour fight before Courtray: the enemy is completely routed. The enemy is routed at Ingelsmunster. 22 Floréal IV Army of Italy. Capture of Pizzighitone. The French enter Crémone. 0823 23 Floréal II Army of the Ardennes. The French capture all fieldworks in the Merbes camp, from which the enemy retreat. During the crossing of the Sambre, the 49th Regiment grenadiers throw themselves into the water to help the skirmishers and rout the Bourbon Legion. The 68th Regiment defends alone a bridge attacked by more Austrians and do not yield. 0824 24 Floréal II Army of the Ardennes. Hard-fought combat: the village of Grandreng near Beaumont is taken and retaken three times. 0825 25 Floréal II Army of the Alps. The Republican troops storms the Riveto and la Ramasse redoubts and other posts on Mount-Cenis. 0826 26 Floréal IV Army of Italy. Peace is concluded with the king of Sardinia. 0827 27 Floréal II Army of Eastern Pyrenees. The Collioure garrison sorties. 3000 Spanish troops are repulsed with loss. The general-in-chief is wounded during this action. 0828 28 Floréal IV Army of Italy. The French occupy Milan, Pavie and Come. 28 Floréal XII "The government of the French Republic is given to an emperor." 0829 29 Floréal II Army of the North. The enemy is defeated at Moescroen. Victorious battle against the coalised, between Menin and Courtray. Army of the Ardennes. Glorious resistance of 1500 French troops against the advance of 14000 Austrians toward Cunfoz. 150 conscripts hold agains the right wing of Beaulieu's army, before Bouillon. Army of Western Pyrenees. Six enemy stores are taken. The Spanish troops are repulsed by a bayonet attack until their camp in Berra. 0830 30 Floréal II Army of Eastern Pyrenees. The Spanish troops rout near Figuières. Army of the Ardennes. 160 French in the castel of Bouillon defend against numerous enemies. 30 Floréal VI Bombardment of Ostende by the English, and 4000 English troops land. The French surround them, take 2000 prisoners and cause the remainder to reimbark. The English general is seriously wounded. 0901 1 Prairial II Army of the Ardennes. The enemy is defeated at Lobbes and Erquelinne after a 6-hour fight. 1 Prairial IV Army of Italy. An armistice with the Duke of Modene is concluded. 1 Prairial VII. Birth of Honoré de Balzac 0904 4 Prairial II Army of the Rhine. Battle of Schifferstadt, won by 15,000 Republican troops agains 40,000 Austrians. One Austrian general is killed. Army of Moselle. Complete rout of Beaulieu's vanguard. 0905 5 Prairial II Army of the Ardennes. Victory at Merbes-le-Château after a general charge. 0906 6 Prairial II Army of Moselle. The Saint-Hubert post is taken by the French. 6 Prairial IV Army of Italy. 800 people of Bagnasco revolt, are attacked and routed; 100 of them are killed and the village is burned. 6 Prairial VI Army of Italy. The Republic of Geneva merges with the French Republic. The French troops attack the Haut-Valais insurgents. 0907 7 Prairial II Army of Moselle. The Dinan redoubts and the city itself are captured. Army of Eastern Pyrenees. The enemy evacuates the Saint-Elme and Port-Vendre forts. Collioure is retaken. 7 Prairial III 10,000 Spanish infantry and 1,200 Spanish cavalry attack a reco party from the camp on the Pontos highground but they are routed. 7 Prairial IV Army of Italy. Revolt of Pavie. 7 Prairial V Gracchus Babeuf is executed. 0908 8 Prairial III Treaty of Peace and Alliance signed in The Hague between the French Republic and the members of Holland's Etats-Generaux. 0911 11 Prairial IV Army of Italy. 5,000 Austrians defeated at Borghetto; the grenadiers cross the Mincio; the Valeggio village is captured. 0912 12 Prairial II Army of Moselle. The French attack the outposts of the S. Gerard camp; the coalised are repulsed from most of their outposts. 12 Prairial IV Army of Sambre and Meuse. At midnight, the Republican troops capture the outposts before Nider-Diebach, and the following day, they force the enemy to leave the Mannebach defile. 0913 13 Prairial II Army of Moselle. Dinan is taken by the Republican troops. 13 Prairial IV Army of Italy. The Peschiera fortress is captured. Army of Sambre and Meuse. The Sieg and Acher fieldworks are captured. 0914 14 Prairial II Army of the Ardennes. The enemy is routed near the Sainte-Marie woods. 0915 15 Prairial II Army of Western Pyrenees. Battle won on several points; the Republican troops execute a bayonet charge and capture the Ispeguy camp and the Aldudes and Berdaritz redoubts. Army of Eastern Pyrenees. Thouzen and Riben captured from the Spanish troops. 15 Prairial IV Army of Sambre and Meuse. Battle of Altenkirchen; the enemy routs. Army of Italy. The French enter Verona. 0916 16 Prairial IV Army of Italy. 600 French grenadiers execute a bayonet charge and take the S. George suburb and a bridgehead in Mantoue. The Cherial suburb, its fieldworks and its tower are taken; the enemy withdraws into Mantoue. 0917 17 Prairial II Army of the Alps. The famous Barricades outpost is captured; the Army of Alps links with the Army of Italy. 17 Prairial IV Army of Italy. A French column, aiming at Conio lake, capture and destroys the Fuentes fort. Army of Sambre and Meuse. Dierdoff and Montabaur captured. 0918 18 Prairial IV Army of Sambre and Meuse. Weilbourg captured. 0919 19 Prairial II Army of Eastern Pyrenees. 4,000 Spanish troops are defeated by a small number of French troops, beyond la Jonquière; Bellegarde taken. The French occupy Campredon and various posts. 0920 20 Prairial IV Army of the Rhine and Moselle. The enemy evacuates Kayserslautern, Tripstadt, Neustadt and Spire. 0923 23 Prairial II Army of the Alps. 1,500 Piemontese are routed by 200 French troops in the Aosta valley. Army of Eastern Pyrenees. The French troops conquer Ripoll, and destroy the smitheries. 23 Prairial VI Army of Orient. Malta island taken. 0924 24 Prairial II Army of Moselle. The Army of Moselle crosses the Sambre and occupies Charleroy. United Armies of Moselle, Ardennes and North. Several columns launch a vigorous offensive which repulses all Charleroy outposts and continue their victorious advances until Gosselies. 24 Prairial III Army of Sambre and Meuse. Capture of Luxembourg. 0925 25 Prairial VIII. Battle of Marengo, Italy. The same day, Kleber assassinated in Cairo 0926 26 Prairial II United Armies of Moselle, Ardennes and North. Near Charleroy, the French troops capture and destroy a redoubt while under enemy cannonfire. Before Charleroy, in less than 10 minutes, the French capture the redoubt near the Bruxelles road. The 1st Bas-Rhin battalion repulses a sortie by the Charleroy garrison. 26 Prairial III Army of Eastern Pyrenees. Battle of Fluvia; 28,000 Spanish troops are routed. 26 Prairial IV Army of Sambre and Meuse. Six grenadier companies capture Nassau. Army of the Rhine and Moselle. The Austrian fieldworks between Franckental and le Rehut are stormed by the French. 0927 27 Prairial IV Army of Sambre and Meuse. Combat near Wetzlar; the enemy crosses back the Dyle. 0928 28 Prairial II Armies of Moselle, Ardennes and North. Victory against the coalised near Trassignies. 0929 29 Prairial IV Army of the North. Capture of Ypres. 0930 30 Prairial II Army of the Alps. The Piemontese are defeated at the Petit St. Bernard. 1001 1 Messidor II Army of Eastern Pyrenees. Campredon captured back, after a hard fight. 1 Messidor IV Army of Italy. The French enter Reggio and Bologne. Surrender of Fort Urbain, and the 300-man garrison. Ferrare and its castle are occupied by the French. 1002 2 Messidor II Army of Eastern Pyrenees. Capture of the posts of Etoile and Bezalu. 1003 3 Messidor IV Army of Italy. The French attack Beaulieu's outposts and rout them. 1005 5 Messidor II Army of Western Pyrenees. Battle of Croix des bouquets, and capture of the posts of Rocher and Dos d'Asne. Army of Italy. Conclusion of an armistice with the Pope. 1006 6 Messidor IV Army of the Rhine and Moselle. Crossing of the Rhine near Strasburg; capture of the Kell fort. 1007 7 Messidor II Army of the North, Ardennes, and Moselle. Capture of Charleroy. 7 Messidor IV Army of the Rhine and Moselle. Capture of Wilstett. 1008 8 Messidor II Army of the North, Ardennes, and Moselle. Memorable victory of Fleurus, after a 18-hour fight, by 70,000 Republican troops against 100,000 coalised troops. First use of aerial reco, by Captain Coutelle in the balloon "L'Entreprenant". Army of Eastern Pyrenees. Capture of Belver, and complete rout of the Spanish troops. Army of Sambre and Meuse. Substantive advantage over the enemy, at the gates of Lernes, Marchiennes, Monceau and Souvret. 8 Messidor III Army of the Alps and Italy. A numerous Piemontese corps is defeated while trying to take Ormea. 8 Messidor IV Army of the Rhine and Moselle. Capture of Offembourg. 1009 9 Messidor IV Army of the Rhine and Moselle. The enemy is repulsed from Appenwhir and Urtassen. Army of Italy. The French enter Livourne. 1010 10 Messidor III Army of Western Pyrenees. Capture of the entrenched position at Deva. 10 Messidor IV Army of the Rhine and Moselle. Battle of Renchen. 1011 11 Messidor IV Army of Italy. The Milan castle capitulates. 1012 12 Messidor XII Birth of George Sand 1013 13 Messidor II Army of Sambre and Meuse. Capture of the Roxule redoubts and camp, of the Mont-Palisel post and the Harve woods post. Capture of Mons. Army of the North. Capture of the city and port of Ostende. 1014 Army of the North. The French enter Tournay. Army of the Rhine. The enemy fieldworks and posts are captured by the French. Army of Western Pyrenees. The Republican troops take all the enemy positions until Lecumbery, and force them to retreat to Yrursum. Army of the Rhine and Moselle. Attack of the Knubis mountain; capture of a redoubt at the mountaintop. Army of Sambre and Meuse. Crossing of the Rhine near Neuwied; capture of several armed redoubts. 14 Messidor VI Army of Egypt. The French Army debarks at Alexandria, defeats the Mamelucks, and conquers Alexandria, Rosette and Cairo. 1015 15 Messidor II Army of Italy. 4,000 Piemontese troops are routed by the Louano garrison, which expels them from Pietra. 1016 16 Messidor IV Army of Sambre and Meuse. Fight near Willerdorff. Army of the Rhine and Moselle. Fight of Oss; attack and capture of Baden and Freudenstatt. 1017 17 Messidor II Army of the North. Capture of Oudenarde and Gand. 17 Messidor IV Army of the Rhine and Moselle. Battle of Rastadt; tremendous enemy losses on the battlefield; it is repulsed from Kupenheim, and must cross back the Murg. Army of Italy. The Austrians entrenchments are stormed by a bayonet charge, between the lake of Garde and the Adige river. The Ballone position falls also. 1018 18 Messidor II Army of Sambre and Meuse. 30,000 enemy troops defeated at Vaterlo, by the 14,000-man French vanguard. 18 Messidor III Army of Western Pyrenees. Fight of Yrursum; the French infantry charges and defeats the Spanish cavalery. 18 Messidor IV Army of Italy. Several thousands peasants revolt, are attacked in the Lugo village by a French battalion and are routed. 1019 19 Messidor II Army of Sambre and Meuse. Victory over the coalised at Sombref. 19 Messidor IV Fight before Limbourg; the enemy is repulsed within the town. 1020 20 Messidor II Army of Sambre and Meuse. Fierce fight at Chapelle-Saint-Lambert; the enemy routs. 20 Messidor V Army of Italy. As a result of the conquests of the Army of Italy, general Bonaparte goes to Milan, and installs the Cisalpin Republic. 1021 21 Messidor IV Army of Sambre and Meuse. Crossing of the Lahn; the army marches on Frankfurt and Mayence. Army of the Rhine and Moselle. Fight before Raspadret in the defile before Guersbach; the enemy retreats behind Dourlach. Army of Sambre and Meuse. Fight before Butzbach, Obermel and Camberg; capture of Friedberg. 1022 22 Messidor II Army of Sambre and Meuse. The army victoriously enters Bruxelles. Army of Western Pyrenees. The French troops capture the Emigrates' camp near Berdaritz. 22 Messidor IV Army of the Rhine and Moselle. The enemy is repulsed from Ettlingen, Durlach and Carlsruh. 1024 24 Messidor III Army of Western Pyrenees. Capture of the Deybat fortified camp. 1025 25 Messidor I Jean-Paul Marat is assassinated by Charlotte Corday while taking a bath. 25 Messidor II Army of the Rhine. Capture of the posts at Freibach, Freimersheim, Platzberg mountain and Sankolp mountain. 25 Messidor III Army of Western Pyrenees. Capture of Durango. 1026 26 Messidor II Army of the Rhine. Capture of the Hoehspire defile, and the French enter Spire and Neustadt. Army of Italy. Capture of Verttaute by the French. Army of Moselle. The Tripstadt redoubts and post are taken by a bayonet assault. Army of the Rhine and Moselle. The Haslach and Haussen posts are taken. 1027 27 Messidor II Army of Sambre and Meuse. The post of the Iron Mountain, after Louvain, is stormed by the French, who also conquer the town of Louvain, despite the strong enemy resistance. Army of the North. Capture of the town of Malines. 1028 28 Messidor II Army of Sambre and Meuse. Capture of Namur. Army of Italy. 4,500 Austrian troops sortie from Mantoue and are repulsed back. Army of Sambre and Meuse. Capture of Francfort. 1029 29 Messidor I Charlotte Corday, murderer of Jean-Paul Marat, is executed. 29 Messidor II Army of the Rhine. Capture of Kayserlauter. Army of Sambre and Meuse. Surrender of Landrecies, after 6 days. 29 Messidor III The enemy, pressured everywhere, leaves Biscay and withdraws behind the Ebre; Mictorie and Bilbao taken. 29 Messidor IV Attack and capture of the post of Alpersbach. Beween the Necker and Kinche rivers, all the enemy posts are attacked and routed. Capture of Rheinfelden, Seckingen and the whole Friekthal. Military reconnaissance by the French on the Aschaffenbourg road. 1030 30 Messidor II Army of the North. Capture of Nieuport, after 5 days. 30 Messidor IV Army of Italy. The Austrian entrenched camp under Mantoue is attacked; the Austrians are repulsed to the town walls; meanwhile, the French start fires in 5 different places of the town. Army of the Rhine and Moselle. French entry into Stutgard; sustained fight in Echingen; the French keep the whole left bank of the Necker river. 1101 1 Thermidor II Army of Sambre and Meuse. Enemy defeat on the highgrounds behind Tirlemont. 1103 3 Thermidor II Army of Sambre and Meuse. Enemy rout at Hui: capture of Saint-Tros. 3 Thermidor III Victory of Hoche at Quiberon against Royalist forces. 1104 4 Thermidor III Peace Treaty between the French Republic and the king of Spain. 4 Thermidor IV Army of Sambre and Meuse. Capture of Schwinfurt. 1105 5 Thermidor X Birth of Alexandre Dumas the elder. 1106 6 Thermidor II Army of Eastern Pyrenees. The Republican troops enter the Bastan valley and bombard Fontarabie. 6 Thermidor IV Army of Sambre and Meuse. Capitulation of the Wurtsbourg town and citadel. 1108 8 Thermidor II Army of Italy. The French capture the Roccavion village. 8 Thermidor IV Army of Sambre and Meuse. Capitulation of the Koenigstein fort. 1109 9 Thermidor I Army of Sambre and Meuse. The French enter Liège. 9 Thermidor II. Robespierre's downfall. 1110 10 Thermidor II Army of the North. Capture of Cassandria and crossing of the Cacysche. 1111 11 Thermidor III Army of the Alps and Italy. Assault on the redoubts of the di Pietri field. 11 Thermidor IV Army of Sambre and Meuse. Sortie by the Mayence garrison: the enemy is repulsed. 1112 12 Thermidor II Army of Western Pyrenees. Conquest of the Bastan valley. Capture of the Figuier fort and Fontarabie. 1113 13 Thermidor IV Army of Italy. Austrian defeat at Solo. The enemy is beaten at Lonado. 1114 Army of Italy. Brescia taken back. 1115 15 Thermidor IV Army of Sambre and Meuse. Capture of Koenigshoffen. 1116 16 Thermidor II Army of Western Pyrenees. The French troops conquer the Ernani post, the San Sebastian town and its fortress. 16 Thermidor IV Army of the Rhine and Moselle. Capture of the Heidenheim post. Army of Italy. Complete Austrian defeat; Solo, Lonado and Castiglione taken back. 1117 17 Thermidor IV Army of Italy. Capture of Saint-Ozeto. A French battalion marches on Gavardo and overcomes the enemy. An enemy column is defeated at Gavardo. Army of Sambre and Meuse. Capture of Bamberg. 1118 18 Thermidor IV Army of Italy. Wurmser's army, arrayed between the Solferino village and the Chiesa river, is routed. 1119 19 Thermidor IV The enemy entrenched behind the Mincio, between Peschiera and Mantoue, is attacked, routs and lifts the siege of Peschiera. Army of Sambre and Meuse. Fight at Altendorff. 1120 20 Thermidor IV Army of Italy. The French occupy their former positions, cross the Mincio and enter Vérone. 1121 21 Thermidor II Army of Moselle. Capture of the fieldworks on the Pelingen highgrounds. The French storm the Vasserbilich bridge. Army of the Rhine and Moselle. The enemy evacuates Neresheim. Army of Sambre and Meuse. Fight on the Rednitz; capture of Forscheim. 1122 22 Thermidor II Army of Moselle. The French enter Trier. Army of Western Pyrenees. Capture of Toloza. 1123 23 Thermidor IV Army of Italy. The French reoccupy their positions before Mantoue. 1124 24 Thermidor IV Army of Italy. The French attack the enemy at Corona and Montebaldo; they take these posts and Preabolo. Army of the Rhine and Moselle. Battle of Heidenheim, after a 17-hour fight; the enemy withdraws behind the Vernitz. Army of Sambre and Meuse. Capture of the Rhotemberg fort. Army of the Rhine and Moselle. The French enter Bregentz. 1125 25 Thermidor IV Army of Italy. The enemy is attacked at Roque-Danfonce and Lodron. Another French column crosses the Adige, pushes the enemy to Roveredo. 1126 26 Thermidor II Army of Western Pyrenees. The Spanish troops lose several posts, as well as the redoubt of Alloqui. Army of Eastern Pyrenees. French victory near St.-Laurent de la Mouga. 15,000 Spanish troops defeated at Rocaseins by 4,000 Republican troops. 1128 28 Thermidor II Army of Sambre and Meuse. Le Quesnoy taken back. 28 Thermidor IV Capture of Neumarch. 1129 29 Thermidor IV Peace treaty between the French Republic and the duke of Wurtemberg. 1130 30 Thermidor IV Army of Sambre and Meuse. The enemy is repulsed from the Sulzbach highground. Battle of Poperg and Leinfeld, capture of Castel. 1202 2 Fructidor IV Army of Italy. The Wurmser army retreats behind Trente after burning its navy on the lake of Garda. 1206 6 Fructidor VI Expedition of Ireland. The French troops land in Ireland and conquer Killala. 1207 7 Fructidor IV Army of Italy. Capture of Borgoforte and Governolo. Army of the Rhine and Moselle. Fight at Friedberg, the French troops swim across the Lech. The enemy is repulsed and routed. 7 Fructidor VI Alliance Treaty between the French and Helvetic Republics. 1208 8 Fructidor III Army of the Alps and Italie. Victory against a numerous Piemontese corps. 1209 9 Fructidor II Army of the North. Capture of the Ecluse fort. 1210 10 Fructidor II Army of Sambre and Meuse. The Anzain village and the posts and redoubt near Valenciennes are taken by a bayonet charge. Valenciennes is taken back. 10 Fructidor VI Expedition of Ireland. The French troops in Ireland attack general Lack in Castlebar and make him flee. 1211 11 Fructidor II Army of Western Pyrenees. 7000 Spanish troops defeated in Eibon. Spanish rout at Ermilla. 4000 enemy rout and the French troops enter Oudoroa. 1213 13 Fructidor II Army of Sambre and Meuse. Condé taken back. 1214 14 Fructidor III Army of the Alps and Italy. 4,000 Piemontese troops intending to attack Mont-Geneve are routed. 14 Fructidor IV Peace treaty between the French Republic and the Margrave of Baden. 1215 15 Fructidor III Army of the Alps and Italy. 1500 Piemontese troops, intending to attack the Cerise post, are defeated. 15 Fructidor III Peace treaty between the Republic French and the Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel. 1216 16 Fructidor II Army of Moselle. Intense Fight near Sandweiller. 1217 17 Fructidor IV Army of the Rhine and Moselle. The enemy is beaten everywhere between Ingolstaldt and Fresing. 1218 18 Fructidor II Army of Western Pyrenees. 6,000 Spanish troops defeated by 600 French troops in the Aspe Valley. The Spanish are routed by the Lescun outposts. 18 Fructidor IV Army of Italy. French attack on Santo-Marco. The enemy, repulsed from Pieve and Roveredo, retires to the la Pietra castle. Army of the Rhine and Moselle. The Philisbourg and Manheim garrisons are repulsed until the Philisbourg walls. 18 Fructidor V Coup against the royalist faction. 1219 19 Fructidor III Army of Sambre and Meuse. The army left wing crosses the Rhine. The enemy is repulsed from all its fieldworks. Capture of Keyserwerth with its artillery and capture of Dusseldorff. 1221 21 Fructidor I Army of the North. Battle of Honscoote. Army of the Ardennes. The enemy leaves the Hastieres posts. Army of Italy. Complete rout of the Piemontese, repulsed from the Brouis-Hutel and Levenzo posts. 21 Fructidor IV Army of the Rhine and Moselle. Armistice signed with the Prince of Bavaria and Palatinate. The center's vanguard encounters the enemy at Mainbourg, and pushes it. Army of Italy. Attack of the Primolac fortified camp; the enemy flees, rallies in the Coveto fort and leaves it. 1222 22 Fructidor I Army of the North. The Duke of York flees in a hurry. 40,000 English, Hessian and allied troops retreat and lift the Dunkirk blockade. 22 Fructidor IV Army of Italy. The enemy is expelled from the right bank of the Brenta river and withdraws to Bassano; The Republican troops fight them before the town. The enemy routs and is pursued until Citadella. 1223 23 Fructidor VI Army in Helvetia. Skirmish in Stanz; the Swiss are routed. 1224 24 Fructidor I Army of the Alps. French advantage in the plain of Aigne-Belle. 24 Fructidor III Army of Sambre and Meuse. The French army crosses the Rhine in front of the enemy, which opposes the crossing to no avail. The enemy is repulsed beyond Dusseldorff. 1225 25 Fructidor I Army of the Rhine. The enemy is attacked and repulsed at every position near Lauterbourg. 1226 26 Fructidor I Army of the North. Fight at Werwick and Comines. 26 Fructidor II Army of Moselle. Fight before Courteren. 26 Fructidor IV Army of the Rhine and Moselle. Fight at Kamlach; the enemy is repulsed to Mindelheim. 26 Fructidor V Peace treaty signed between the French Republic and the Queen of Portugal. 1227 27 Fructidor I Army of the Alps. The enemy is expelled from the Belleville highgrounds; capture of the Epierre redoubt and fieldworks. 27 Fructidor III Army of Sambre and Meuse. Fight at Enef and Hanleshorn. 27 Fructidor IV Army of Italy. Capture of Porto-Tegnago. 1228 28 Fructidor I Army of the Rhine. Capture of the fortified camp at Nothweiller. 28 Fructidor II Army of the Alps. The enemy is expelled by the French troops from the Chenal, Sambuck et Prati camps, and from other posts. 1229 29 Fructidor IV Army of Italy. Battle of S. Georges; the enemy, beaten everywhere, must withdraw into Mantoue. 1230 30 Fructidor I Army of the West. Republican victory over the Vendean rebels, near Montaigu. Army of Western Pyrenees. The French prevail over the Spanish at Urdach, in the Bastan valley. 30 Fructidor II Army of the North. Complete enemy rout at Boxtel. 30 Fructidor IV Army of Sambre and Meuse. Fight and capture of Altenkirchen; the enemy withdraws to the Lahn river. 1301 1 additional day I Army of Eastern Pyrenees. The Verret post is recaptured. Bellegarde recaptured, it was the last enemy-occupied place in France. 1302 2 additional day I Army of Eastern Pyrenees. The French troops take Sterry. 2 additional day II Army of Sambre and Meuse. Victory on the whole French army front, from Maseick to Sprimont. Capture of Lauwfeld, Emale and Montenack; crossing of Ourte and Laywale. 2 additional day IV Army of the Rhine and Moselle. The enemy attacks the Kehl fort in vain. 1303 3 additional day III Army of Sambre and Meuse. Fight on the Lahn river; capture of Limbourg, Dietz and Nasseau. Army of Italy. Austrian defeat on the Borghetto line. 3 additional day V. Death of general Hoche, general-in-chief of the Army of Sambre and Meuse. 1304 4 additional day I Army of Western Pyrenees. Capture of Villefranche and the Prades camp. Capture of Escalo and Uaborsy, which were occupied by Spanish troops. 4 additional day II Army of Sambre and Meuse. The Clermont highgrounds are stormed, after 7 successive attacks. Army of Italy. Victory at Cairo over the Piemontese, supported by 10,000 Austrians. 4 additional day III. Surrender of Manheim. 1305 5 additional day II Army of Western Pyrenees. Spanish troops at Mont-Roch are routed. 5 additional day IV. Death of general Marceau, aged 27, killed at Altenkirchen by a carbine shot. EVENTS delete $event{dummy}; } # A module must return a true value. Traditionally, a module returns 1. # But this module is a revolutionary one, so it discards all old traditions. "Ah ! ça ira ! ça ira !"; __END__ =head1 NAME DateTime::Calendar::FrenchRevolutionary::Locale::en -- English localization for the French revolutionary calendar. =head1 SYNOPSIS use DateTime::Calendar::FrenchRevolutionary::Locale; my $english_locale = DateTime::Calendar::FrenchRevolutionary::Locale->load('en'); my $english_month_name =$english_locale->month_name($date); =head1 DESCRIPTION This module provides localization for DateTime::Calendar::FrenchRevolutionary. Usually, its methods will be invoked only from DT::C::FR. The month names come from Thomas Carlyle's book. Most of the feast names come from Alan Taylor's kokogiak.com web site. The day names are from this module's author. =head1 USAGE This module provides the following class methods: =over 4 =item * new Returns an object instance, which is just a convenient value to be stored in a variable. Contrary to the widely used Gregorian calendar, there is no need to customize a French Revolutionary calendar locale. Therefore, there are no instance data and no instance methods. =item * month_name ($date) Returns an English translation for C<$date>'s month, where C<$date> is a C object. =item * month_abbreviation ($date) Returns a 3-letter abbreviation for the English month name. =item * day_name ($date) Returns an English translation for the day name. =item * day_abbreviation ($date) Returns a 3-letter abbreviation for the English day name. =item * feast_short ($date) Hopefully returns an adequate English translation for the plant, animal or tool that correspond to C<$date>'s feast. Note: in some cases, the feast French name is left untranslated, while in some other cases, the translation is inadequate. If you are fluent in both French and English, do not hesitate to send corrections to the author. =item * feast_long ($date) Same as C, with a "day" suffix, as in the current calendar's "groundhog day" or "Colombus day". =item * feast_caps ($date) Same as C with capitalized first letters. =item * on_date ($date) Gives a small text about the events which occurred the same month and day as C<$date> between the calendar's epoch (22 Sep 1792) and the day it was rescinded (31 Dec 1805). Most of these events come from an anonymous propaganda book published in year VIII (1799--1800). The others are common knowledge available in any French History book or any encyclopedia. =back =head1 SUPPORT Support for this module is provided via the datetime@perl.org email list. See http://lists.perl.org/ for more details. =head1 AUTHOR Jean Forget The development of this module is hosted by I, L. =head1 SEE ALSO =head2 Books The French Revolution, Thomas Carlyle, Oxford University Press Calendrier Militaire, anonymous =head2 Internet http://datetime.perl.org/ http://www.kokogiak.com/frc/default.asp =head1 LICENSE STUFF Copyright (c) 2003 Jean Forget. All rights reserved. This program is free software. You can distribute, modify, and otherwise mangle DateTime::Calendar::FrenchRevolutionary under the same terms as perl. =cut