# -*- test-case-name: twisted.test.test_components -*- # Twisted, the Framework of Your Internet # Copyright (C) 2001 Matthew W. Lefkowitz # # This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or # modify it under the terms of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public # License as published by the Free Software Foundation. # # This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU # Lesser General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public # License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA """Component architecture for Twisted.""" # sibling imports import reflect, util, context from twisted.persisted import styles # system imports import types import warnings import weakref ALLOW_DUPLICATES = 0 class _Nothing: """ An alternative to None - default value for functions which raise if default not passed. """ class _NoImplementor: """ Same as _Nothing but used by AdapterRegistry.locateComponent """ def getRegistry(r): if r is None: return context.get(AdapterRegistry, theAdapterRegistry) else: return r class CannotAdapt(NotImplementedError): """ Can't adapt some object to some Interface. """ pass class MetaInterface(type): def __call__(self, adaptable, default=_Nothing, persist=None, registry=None): """ Try to adapt `adaptable' to self; return `default' if it was passed, otherwise raise L{CannotAdapt}. """ return getRegistry(registry).locateComponent(adaptable, self, default, persist) class Interface: """Base class for interfaces. Interfaces define and document an interface for a class. An interface class's name must begin with I, and all its methods should have no implementation code. Objects that implement an interface should have an attribute __implements__, that should be either an Interface subclass or a tuple, or tuple of tuples, of such Interface classes. A class whose instances implement an interface should list the interfaces its instances implement in a class-level __implements__. For example:: | class IAdder(Interface): | 'Objects implementing this interface can add objects.' | | def add(self, a, b): | 'Add two objects together and return the result.' | | class Adder: | | __implements__ = IAdder | | def add(self, a, b): | return a + b You can call an Interface with a single argument; If the passed object can be adapted to the Interface in some way, the adapter will be returned. """ __metaclass__ = MetaInterface def adaptWith(self, using, to, registry=None): registry = getRegistry(registry) registry.registerAdapter(using, self, to) adaptWith = classmethod(adaptWith) class IInterface(Interface): pass MetaInterface.__implements__ = IInterface def tupleTreeToList(t, l=None): """Convert an instance, or tree of tuples, into list.""" if l is None: l = [] if isinstance(t, types.TupleType): for o in t: tupleTreeToList(o, l) else: l.append(t) return l def getInterfaces(obj, attr='__implements__'): """Return list of all interfaces an object implements, using a particular attribute name. For example, if you wish to discover what interfaces a class implements directly, pass '__class_implements__' as the attribute name. """ if not hasattr(obj, attr): return [] result = [] for i in tupleTreeToList(getattr(obj,attr,())): result.append(i) result.extend(reflect.allYourBase(i, Interface)) result = util.uniquify(result) result.remove(Interface) return result def superInterfaces(interface): """Given an interface, return list of super-interfaces (including itself).""" result = [interface] result.extend(reflect.allYourBase(interface, Interface)) result = util.uniquify(result) result.remove(Interface) return result def classToInterfaces(k): l = getInterfaces(k) l.insert(0, k) return l class _ThingWithTwoSlots(object): __slots__ = 'a b'.split() def __init__(self, a, b): self.a = a self.b = b def __eq__(self, other): return ((self.a is other.a) and (self.b is other.b)) def __hash__(self): return hash((id(self.a),self.b)) class AdapterRegistry: def __init__(self): # mapping between (, ) and self.adapterRegistry = {} # hack -- initialize with MetaInterface->IInterface self.implementsRegistry = {MetaInterface: {IInterface:1}} self.autoCached = {MetaInterface:1} self.adapterPersistence = weakref.WeakValueDictionary() self.registerAdapter(ComponentizeSomethingElse, IPreComponentized, IComponentized) def persistAdapter(self, original, iface, adapter): self.adapterPersistence[_ThingWithTwoSlots(original, iface)] = adapter def registerImplements(self, origInterface, *interfaceClasses): assert interfaceClasses, "You need to pass an Interface" for interfaceClass in interfaceClasses: if not self.implements(interfaceClass, IInterface): raise ValueError, "%s is not an interface" % interfaceClass d = self.implementsRegistry.setdefault(origInterface, {}) for i in superInterfaces(interfaceClass): d[i] = 1 for subi in self.implementsRegistry.get(i, ()): d[subi] = 1 def implements(self, obj, interface): klass = getattr(obj, '__class__', type(obj)) if klass not in self.autoCached: self.autoCached[klass] = 1 implements = tupleTreeToList(getattr(klass, '__implements__', ())) if implements: self.registerImplements(klass, *implements) return interface in self.implementsRegistry.get(klass, ()) def registerAdapter(self, adapterFactory, origInterface, *interfaceClasses): """Register an adapter class. An adapter class is expected to implement the given interface, by adapting instances implementing 'origInterface'. An adapter class's __init__ method should accept one parameter, an instance implementing 'origInterface'. """ assert interfaceClasses, "You need to pass an Interface" global ALLOW_DUPLICATES for interfaceClass in interfaceClasses: if (self.adapterRegistry.has_key((origInterface, interfaceClass)) and not ALLOW_DUPLICATES): raise ValueError( "an adapter (%s) was already registered." % ( self.adapterRegistry[(origInterface, interfaceClass)] ) ) if not self.implements(interfaceClass, IInterface): raise ValueError, "%s is not an interface" % interfaceClass for i in superInterfaces(interfaceClass): # don't override already registered adapters for super-interfaces if not self.adapterRegistry.has_key((origInterface, i)): self.adapterRegistry[(origInterface, i)] = adapterFactory def getAdapterFactory(self, fromInterface, toInterface, default): """Return registered adapter for a given class and interface. """ return self.adapterRegistry.get((fromInterface, toInterface), default) getAdapterClass = getAdapterFactory def getAdapterClassWithInheritance(self, klass, interfaceClass, default): """Return registered adapter for a given class and interface. """ #import warnings #warnings.warn("You almost certainly want to be " # "using interface->interface adapters. " # "If you do not, modify your desire.", # DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3) adapterClass = self.adapterRegistry.get((klass, interfaceClass), _Nothing) if adapterClass is _Nothing: for baseClass in reflect.allYourBase(klass): adapterClass = self.adapterRegistry.get((baseClass, interfaceClass), _Nothing) if adapterClass is not _Nothing: return adapterClass else: return adapterClass return default def getAdapter(self, obj, interfaceClass, default=_Nothing, adapterClassLocator=None, persist=None): """Return an object that implements the given interface. The result will be a wrapper around the object passed as a parameter, or the parameter itself if it already implements the interface. If no adapter can be found, the 'default' parameter will be returned. """ if self.implements(obj, interfaceClass): return obj if persist != False: pkey = _ThingWithTwoSlots(obj, interfaceClass) if self.adapterPersistence.has_key(pkey): return self.adapterPersistence[pkey] klas = getattr(obj, '__class__', type(obj)) for fromInterface in classToInterfaces(klas): adapterFactory = ( (adapterClassLocator or self.getAdapterFactory)( fromInterface, interfaceClass, None) ) if adapterFactory is not None: adapter = adapterFactory(obj) if persist: self.persistAdapter(obj, interfaceClass, adapter) return adapter if default is _Nothing: raise NotImplementedError('%s instance does not implement %s, and ' 'there is no registered adapter.' % (obj, interfaceClass)) return default def locateComponent(self, adaptable, iface, default=_Nothing, persist=None): """ Try to adapt `adaptable' to iface; return `default' if it was passed, otherwise raise L{CannotAdapt}. """ adapter = default if self.implements(adaptable, iface): return adaptable if (persist is None or persist): componentized = self.locateComponent(adaptable, IComponentized, None, 0) if (persist is None or persist) and (componentized is not None): adapter = componentized.getComponent(iface, self, default=_NoImplementor) else: adapter = self.getAdapter(adaptable, iface, _NoImplementor, persist=persist) if adapter is _NoImplementor: if hasattr(iface, '__adapt__'): adapter = iface.__adapt__.im_func(adaptable, default) else: adapter = default if adapter is _Nothing: raise CannotAdapt("%s cannot be adapted to %s." % (adaptable, self)) return adapter class IPreComponentized(Interface): pass class IComponentized(IPreComponentized): def getComponent(self, interface, registry=None, default=None): pass class Adapter: """I am the default implementation of an Adapter for some interface. This docstring contains a limerick, by popular demand:: Subclassing made Zope and TR much harder to work with by far. So before you inherit, be sure to declare it Adapter, not PyObject* @cvar temporaryAdapter: If this is True, the adapter will not be persisted on the Componentized. @cvar multiComponent: If this adapter is persistent, should it be automatically registered for all appropriate interfaces. """ # These attributes are used with Componentized. temporaryAdapter = 0 multiComponent = 1 __implements__ = IComponentized def __init__(self, original): """Set my 'original' attribute to be the object I am adapting. """ self.original = original def getComponent(self, interface, registry=None, default=None): """ I forward getComponent to self.original on the assumption that it is an instance of Componentized. """ return self.original.getComponent(interface, registry=registry, default=default) class Componentized(styles.Versioned): """I am a mixin to allow you to be adapted in various ways persistently. I define a list of persistent adapters. This is to allow adapter classes to store system-specific state, and initialized on demand. The getComponent method implements this. You must also register adapters for this class for the interfaces that you wish to pass to getComponent. Many other classes and utilities listed here are present in Zope3; this one is specific to Twisted. """ persistenceVersion = 1 __implements__ = IComponentized def __init__(self): self._adapterCache = {} def locateAdapterClass(self, klass, interfaceClass, default, registry=None): return getRegistry(registry).getAdapterClassWithInheritance(klass, interfaceClass, default) def setAdapter(self, interfaceClass, adapterClass): self.setComponent(interfaceClass, adapterClass(self)) def addAdapter(self, adapterClass, ignoreClass=0, registry=None): """Utility method that calls addComponent. I take an adapter class and instantiate it with myself as the first argument. @return: The adapter instantiated. """ adapt = adapterClass(self) self.addComponent(adapt, ignoreClass, registry) return adapt def setComponent(self, interfaceClass, component): """ """ self._adapterCache[reflect.qual(interfaceClass)] = component def addComponent(self, component, ignoreClass=0, registry=None): """ Add a component to me, for all appropriate interfaces. In order to determine which interfaces are appropriate, the component's __implements__ attribute will be scanned. If the argument 'ignoreClass' is True, then all interfaces are considered appropriate. Otherwise, an 'appropriate' interface is one for which its class has been registered as an adapter for my class according to the rules of getComponent. @return: the list of appropriate interfaces """ for iface in tupleTreeToList(component.__implements__): if (ignoreClass or (self.locateAdapterClass(self.__class__, iface, None, registry) == component.__class__)): self._adapterCache[reflect.qual(iface)] = component def unsetComponent(self, interfaceClass): """Remove my component specified by the given interface class.""" del self._adapterCache[reflect.qual(interfaceClass)] def removeComponent(self, component): """ Remove the given component from me entirely, for all interfaces for which it has been registered. @return: a list of the interfaces that were removed. """ if (isinstance(component, types.ClassType) or isinstance(component, types.TypeType)): warnings.warn("passing interface to removeComponent, you probably want unsetComponent", DeprecationWarning, 1) self.unsetComponent(component) return [component] l = [] for k, v in self._adapterCache.items(): if v is component: del self._adapterCache[k] l.append(reflect.namedObject(k)) return l def getComponent(self, interface, registry=None, default=None): """Create or retrieve an adapter for the given interface. If such an adapter has already been created, retrieve it from the cache that this instance keeps of all its adapters. Adapters created through this mechanism may safely store system-specific state. If you want to register an adapter that will be created through getComponent, but you don't require (or don't want) your adapter to be cached and kept alive for the lifetime of this Componentized object, set the attribute 'temporaryAdapter' to True on your adapter class. If you want to automatically register an adapter for all appropriate interfaces (with addComponent), set the attribute 'multiComponent' to True on your adapter class. """ registry = getRegistry(registry) k = reflect.qual(interface) if self._adapterCache.has_key(k): return self._adapterCache[k] elif registry.implements(self, interface): return self else: adapter = registry.getAdapter(self, interface, default, lambda k, ik, d: self.locateAdapterClass(k, ik, d, registry)) if adapter is not None and adapter is not _Nothing and not ( getattr(adapter, "temporaryAdapter", None)): self._adapterCache[k] = adapter if (getattr(adapter, "multiComponent", None) and hasattr(adapter, '__implements__')): self.addComponent(adapter) return adapter def upgradeToVersion1(self): # To let Componentized instances interact correctly with # rebuild(), we cannot use class objects as dictionary keys. for (k, v) in self._adapterCache.items(): self._adapterCache[reflect.qual(k)] = v class PreComponentized: __implements__ = IPreComponentized def __init__(self): self._adapterCache = {} class ComponentizeSomethingElse(Componentized): __implements__ = IComponentized def __init__(self, original): self._adapterCache = original._adapterCache self.orig_class = original.__class__ def addComponent(self, component, ignoreClass=0, registry=None): for iface in tupleTreeToList(component.__implements__): if (ignoreClass or (self.locateAdapterClass(self.orig_class, iface, None, registry) == component.__class__)): self._adapterCache[reflect.qual(iface)] = component theAdapterRegistry = AdapterRegistry() registerAdapter = theAdapterRegistry.registerAdapter getAdapterClass = theAdapterRegistry.getAdapterClass getAdapterClassWithInheritance = theAdapterRegistry.getAdapterClassWithInheritance getAdapter = theAdapterRegistry.getAdapter implements = theAdapterRegistry.implements registerImplements = theAdapterRegistry.registerImplements __all__ = ["Interface", "implements", "getInterfaces", "superInterfaces", "registerAdapter", "getAdapterClass", "getAdapter", "Componentized", "AdapterRegistry"]