Z8000 Dependent Features
************************

The Z8000 AS supports both members of the Z8000 family: the unsegmented Z8002, with 16 bit addresses, and the segmented Z8001 with 24 bit addresses.

When the assembler is in unsegmented mode (specified with the unsegm directive), an address takes up one word (16 bit) sized register.  When the assembler is in segmented mode (specified with the segm directive), a 24-bit address takes up a long (32 bit) register.  See Assembler Directives for the Z8000, for a list of other Z8000 specific assembler directives.

Options
=======

AS has no additional command-line options for the Zilog Z8000 family.

Syntax
======

Special Characters
------------------

! is the line comment character.

You can use ; instead of a newline to separate statements.

Register Names
--------------

The Z8000 has sixteen 16 bit registers, numbered 0 to 15.  You can refer to different sized groups of registers by register number, with the prefix r for 16 bit registers, rr for 32 bit registers and rq for 64 bit registers.  You can also refer to the contents of the first eight (of the sixteen 16 bit registers) by bytes.  They are named rNh and rNl.

     byte registers
     r0l r0h r1h r1l r2h r2l r3h r3l
     r4h r4l r5h r5l r6h r6l r7h r7l

     word registers
     r0 r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 r6 r7 r8 r9 r10 r11 r12 r13 r14 r15

     long word registers
     rr0 rr2 rr4 rr6 rr8 rr10 rr12 rr14

     quad word registers
     rq0 rq4 rq8 rq12

Addressing Modes
----------------

AS understands the following addressing modes for the Z8000:

rN
     Register direct

@rN
     Indirect register

ADDR
     Direct: the 16 bit or 24 bit address (depending on whether the assembler is in segmented or unsegmented mode) of the operand is in the instruction.

address(rN)
     Indexed: the 16 or 24 bit address is added to the 16 bit register to produce the final address in memory of the operand.

rN(#IMM)
     Base Address: the 16 or 24 bit register is added to the 16 bit sign extended immediate displacement to produce the final address in memory of the operand.

rN(rM)
     Base Index: the 16 or 24 bit register rN is added to the sign extended 16 bit index register rM to produce the final address in memory of the operand.

#XX
     Immediate data XX.

Assembler Directives for the Z8000
==================================

The Z8000 port of AS includes these additional assembler directives, for compatibility with other Z8000 assemblers.  As shown, these do not begin with . (unlike the ordinary AS directives).

segm
     Generates code for the segmented Z8001.

unsegm
     Generates code for the unsegmented Z8002.

name
     Synonym for .file

global
     Synonym for .global

wval
     Synonym for .word

lval
     Synonym for .long

bval
     Synonym for .byte

sval
     Assemble a string.  sval expects one string literal, delimited by single quotes.  It assembles each byte of the string into consecutive addresses.  You can use the escape sequence %XX (where XX represents a two-digit hexadecimal number) to represent the character whose ASCII value is XX.  Use this feature to describe single quote and other characters that may not appear in string literals as themselves.  For example, the C statement char *a = "he said \"it's 50% off\""; is represented in Z8000 assembly language (shown with the assembler output in hex at the left) as

          68652073    sval    'he said %22it%27s 50%25 off%22%00'
          61696420
          22697427
          73203530
          25206F66
          662200

rsect
     synonym for .section

block
     synonym for .space

even
     special case of .align; aligns output to even byte boundary.

Opcodes
=======

For detailed information on the Z8000 machine instruction set, see Z8000 Technical Manual.